Are You Ready For An Adventure?

Dr. T’s Magical Mystery Tour

The Beginning of Our Story:

Chapter One – The Peopling of the World

Day 1: Broken Pots

How Long Ago?Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age): 2.5

million years to 8000 B.C.

Neolithic Age (New Stone Age): 8000 B.C. to early 3000 B.C.

PREHISTORIC WORLD MIGRATION

Our Dig SitesSumer (Iraq) – Egypt – Indus River Valley (India) - China

The Beginning of Our Story:

Chapter One – The Peopling of the World

Day 3:

Paleolithic-Neolithic Periods Revisited

&

The Five Characteristics of a Civilization

Key Terms and Roles Paleolithic Neolithic Neolithic Revolution

(Agricultural Revolution) Archaeologist Artifacts Anthropologists Culture Paleontologists Fossils Civilization

Neolithic Revolution

1. Early Farming Methods:

2. Domestication of Animals:

3. Development of Settlements into Villages:

4. Development of Villages into Cities

Comparing and Contrasting Paleolithic and Neolithic Periods

The Five Characteristics of a Civilization Are…

A Summary of the Paleolithic and Neolithic Periods

Early River Valley Civilizations

Mesopotamia/Sumer (Rivers: Tigris/Euphrates) – See pp. 27-32

Egypt (River: Nile) – See pp. 33-41

Indus River Valley (River: Indus) – See pp. 42-45

China (Rivers: Huang He/Yangtze) – See pp. 46-51

The Rise of Complex

Civilizations

Chapter Two – Early River Valley Civilizations

(continue into week three – see Chapter Two Folder)

Days 4-5-6:

Paleolithic-Neolithic Periods Revisited

&

The Five Characteristics of a Civilization

Early River Valley Civilizations

Mesopotamia/Sumer (Rivers: Tigris/Euphrates) – See pp. 27-32

Egypt (River: Nile) – See pp. 33-41

Indus River Valley (River: Indus) – See pp. 42-45

China (Rivers: Huang He/Yangtze) – See pp. 46-51

Discovery Box

You will need your Artifact Information Organizer.

Unpack the Discovery Box. BE GENTLE

Examine the photographic artifacts and the physical artifacts.

Write information on your Artifact Information Organizer. Be very specific and use the sample questions as examples.

Begin to categorize your artifacts into the P.E.R.S.I.A. categories. For example, after you describe what the artifact tells us about a civilization place the symbol of the corresponding P.E.R.S.I.A. category next to what you wrote.

You will need to be VERY SPECIFIC so that you can use this information to work independently on Monday.

Early River Valley Civilizations

Mesopotamia/Sumer (Rivers: Tigris/Euphrates) – See pp. 27-32

Egypt (River: Nile) – See pp. 33-41

Indus River Valley (River: Indus) – See pp. 42-45

China (Rivers: Huang He/Yangtze) – See pp. 46-51

Four River Valley CivilizationsVisual Timeline

The Five Characteristics of a Civilization Are…

Mesopotamian/Sumerian Geography

Fertile Crescent: Between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea

Mesopotamia: Meaning the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Mesopotamian/Sumerian Geography

Environmental Challenges:Flooding and drought.

Solving Problems Through Organization: Irrigation to ease

flooding and water crops.

Mesopotamian/SumerianCity-States (Politics)

Priests and Rulers Share Control

City-state: A political unit much like an independent country.

Dynasty: A series of rulers from a single family. Priests and rulers shared control.

The Spread of Cities

Cultural Diffusion: The spread of people and ideas

Mesopotamian/Sumerian Culture

A Religion of Many Gods Polytheism: Belief in more

than one god.Ziggurats: Mountain of God

– Built to keep gods happy

Life in Sumerian Society Social Class: Kings – Priests

– Merchants – Farmers – Slaves

Developed the wheel, the sail, and the plow, First to use bronze

Mesopotamia/SumerSumerian Science and Technology

Arithematic and Geometry Developed a number system in base

60, from which stem the modern units for measuring time (60 seconds = 1 minute)

Architectural Innovations Arches, columns, ramps, and the

pyramid-shaped design of the ziggurat

Cuneiform Developed the first system of

writing

Mesopotamia/SumerThe First Empire Builders

Babylonian EmpireEmpire means people,

nations, or independent states under control of one ruler.

Hammurabi’s Code A single code of laws

invented by Hammurabi to provide one set of rules for all people in the empire.

Egyptian Geography

The Gift of the Nile Egyptians worshipped it

as a god.

Environmental Challenges Drought and flooding. Annual flooding of the

Nile brought much needed water for the crops of wheat and barley.

Egyptian Geography

Upper and Lower Egypt

Upper Egypt: Cataracts with a system of rapids that made it difficult for boat travel.

Lower Egypt: Delta with marshy area at the mouth of the Nile river. Most farming took place here.

Interesting Fact: The Nile River flows north.

Egyptian PoliticsEgypt Unites into a Kingdom The king of Lower Egypt wore a

red crown, and the king of Upper Egypt wore a tall white crown.

King Menes united the two kingdoms and wore a red and white crown.

Pharaohs Rule As Gods To the Egyptians, kings were

gods. Pharaoh: The name of the

Egyptian god-kings Theocracy: The type of

government in which the ruler is a divine figure.

Egyptian Politics

Builders of the PyramidsBurial place for their

Pharaohs.

Symbol of strength for the Egyptian civilization

Egyptian Culture

Religion and Life Polytheistic – Worship

of many gods.

Positive view of afterlife.

Mummification: Embalming and drying the corpse to prevent it from decaying.

Egyptian Society

Life in Egyptian Society Social Class:

1. Pharaoh

2. Upper Class (Government Officials -Wealthy landowners – Priests – Army Commanders)

3. Middle Class (Merchants and artisans)

4. Lower Class (Peasant farmers and unskilled laborers.)

5. Slaves

Egyptian Society

Egyptian Writing

Hieroglyphics (HY•ur•uh•GLIHF•ihks): This term comes from the Greek words hieros and gluphe, meaning “sacred carving.

Papyrus (puh•PY•ruhs): Egyptians created paper from the reeds that grew in the marshy delta (Lower Egypt)

Egyptian Society

Egyptian Science and TechnologyGeometryCalendarsStone ColumnsMedicine – Surgery

Invaders Control Egypt The Hyksos invaded

Egypt using bronze weapons and horse drawn chariots

Early River Valley Civilizations

Mesopotamia/Sumer (Rivers: Tigris/Euphrates) – See pp. 27-32

Egypt (River: Nile) – See pp. 33-41

Indus River Valley (River: Indus) – See pp. 42-45

China (Rivers: Huang He/Yangtze) – See pp. 46-51

Indus River Valley GeographyThe Geography of the Indian Subcontinent Indian Subcontinent: India,

Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh

Rivers, Mountains, and Plains Indus and the Ganges (GAN•jeez).

Monsoons Seasonal winds and rain dominate

the climate of India

Environmental Challenges Flooding and monsoons Earth’s tallest mountains

(Himalaya – Mt. Everest)

Indus River ValleyCivilization Emerges (Society)

Earliest Arrivals Migrating farmers and herders

settled.

Planned Cities People of the Indus laid out their

cities on a precise grid system. Toilets, plumbing and sewage

systems.

Harappan Planning Most famous for an area called a

citadel that was easy to defend and all the important buildings were here.

Indus River Valley CultureHarappan Culture and Language Prosperous with few social

divisions or warfare. System of writing for religion

and trade

Role of Religion Polytheistic – Worship of many

gods

Trade Indus peoples conducted long-

distance trade. Marked their products with

seals

Indus River Valley Culture Ends

Around 1750 B.C., the cities began to show signs of decline. The Indus Valley civilization collapsed

around 1500 B.C. Satellite images suggest a shift in the earth’s crust that caused earthquakes. Because

of the quakes the Indus River may have changed its course. This would stop the good effects of the

yearly floods. The people may have overworked the

land. This would have left the soil too poor to produce crops.

China’s Geography

The Geography of China Distance from other regions

and natural barriers caused China to develop apart from other cultures.

River Systems Huang He (hwahng•HUH)

and the Yangtze (yang•SEE)

Environmental Challenges

China’s Heartland

China’s GeographyEnvironmental Challenges Flooding brought life and death Loess is the name of the rich

soil (silt) that allowed for good farming in China.

China’s Heartland All of the good farmland lies

between the two rivers. People believed China was the

center of civilization. Belief that anyone who lived

outside of Chinese civilization was a barbarians.

China’s Society and PoliticsCivilization Emerges in Shang Times

Dynasty: A series of rulers from a single family. Priests and rulers shared control

The First Dynasties Xia (shyah) Dynasty ruled in 2000

B.C. Helped develop better farming.

Shang Dynasty began to rule in 1500 BC. This dynasty left the first written records, built palaces and tombs for the royal family.

China’s Society and Politics

Early Cities Anyang (ahn•YAHNG)

one of the capitals of the Shang Dynasty.

Unlike other cities built of earthen brick this city was built mainly of wood.

The Shang surrounded their cities with massive earthen walls for protection.

Chinese Society and PoliticsThe Development of Chinese Culture The group seems to have been more

important than the individual. Above all, people’s lives were governed

by their duties to two important authorities—their family and their king or emperor.

Family The family was central to Chinese

society. The most important virtue was respect

for one’s parents.

Social Classes Shang society was sharply divided

between nobles and peasants. The Shang were governed by a ruling

class of warrior nobles headed by a king. The nobles ruled the peasants who farmed the land.

Chinese Society and PoliticsReligious Beliefs Family was closely linked to religion.

The Chinese believed that the spirits of family ancestors had the power to bring good fortune or disaster to living members of the family.

Shang kings consulted the gods through the use of oracle bones animal bones and tortoise shells on which priests had scratched questions for the gods to answer

Development of Writing The Chinese system of writing differed

from those of other groups. Symbols stood for ideas, not sounds. This allowed for people across China to learn one system.

Chinese Society and PoliticsZhou and the Dynastic Cycle Dynastic Cycle is the pattern of rise,

decline, and replacement of dynasties (ruling families).

Mandate of Heaven The Zhou Dynasty took control of China

from the Shang Dynasty. They justified their control by telling the people that good rulers, got authority to rule from heaven. This was known as the Mandate of Heaven.

Control through Feudalism The Zhou started a system of feudalism. Feudalism is a political system in which

the nobles owe loyalty to the king. The nobles promise to fight for the rulers and to protect the peasants who live on the land.

Chinese Society and PoliticsImprovements in Technology and Trade Coined money Iron for weapons

A Period of Warring States Due to warfare Chinese society

was beginning to suffer. At this time of bloodshed,

traditional values collapsed. At the very heart of Chinese civilization was a love of order, harmony, and respect for authority.

Now there was chaos, arrogance, and defiance.

How could China be saved?

Early River Valley CivilizationsSummary