arduino - tft display of bitmap images from an sd card - all

8/17/2019 Arduino - TFT Display of Bitmap Images From an SD Card - All

1/17

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Following on from my other Instructables on the Arduino and TFT display here is

an updated library and Sketch to draw bitmaps (BMP or Raw) stored on an SD

Card onto the TFT display.

Most of the available TFT displays have a SD Card slot on the back, the

connections to this are usually separate to the display interface so must be

wired up.

This instructable will tell you how to wire an Arduino UNO to a 2.2" TFT 320x240

display that incorporates the ILI9341 driver chip. These displays are available at

low cost on eBay.

The library and function should work OK with other displays that use that driver

chip.

By using an optimized version of the Adafruit_GFX library and an efficient

function a raw 320x240 full colour bitmap can be plotted to the screen in 660ms,

not bad for a humble UNO.

Step 1: Connecting it up

About This Instructable

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2/17

Connections are different to those in my other Instructables (this is for my

convenience!) you can change the pin allocations, but do use the hardware SPI

pins:

UNO +5V to display pin 1 (VCC)UNO +5V through a 56 Ohm resistor to display pin 8 (LED)UNO 0V (GND) to display pin 2 (GND)

UNO digital pin 7 through a 1K2 resistor to display pin 4 (RESET), add a 1K8resistor from display pin 4 to GNDUNO digital pin 8 through a 1K2 resistor to SD card SD_CS, add a 1K8resistor from SD_CS to GNDUNO digital pin 9 through a 1K2 resistor to display pin 5(DC/RS), add a 1K8resistor from display pin 5 to GNDUNO digital pin 10 through a 1K2 resistor to display pin 3 (CS), add a 1K8resistor from display pin 3 to GNDUNO digital pin 11 through a 1K2 resistor to both display pin 6 (MOSI) andSD card pin SD_MOSI, add a 1K8 resistor from display pin 6 to GNDUNO digital pin 12 direct to SD card SD_MISO (or via 1K2, see below)UNO digital pin 13 through a 1K2 resistor to both display pin 7 and SD cardpin SD_SCK, add a 1K8 resistor from display pin 7 to GND

Other pin outs at the Arduino can be used by adapting the sketch should youhave a display from another supplier or wish to use an existing setup.

You may wish to put an inline 1K2 (or there about) resistor in series with the

MISO signal line (between UNO pin 12 and SD_MISO) this will help protect the

SD Card in case you accidentally switch the UNO pin 12 to output a +5V logic

1... The SD card might survive such abuse but you may not be lucky... and the

resistor will limit the current into the device to a couple of mA.

Bear in mind the display I have incorporates 10K pullups to the +3.3V supply on

the SD Card SPI lines, this means that using higher value resistors in the

voltage divider (these drop the UNO 5V levels to around 3V logic) will not

achieve a reliable logic zero and it won't work! Ideally we would use a logic level

converter but resistors are so cheap and they work fine at these frequenciesbecause the stray capacitance of the lines we are driving is not that significant.

The display is quite greedy on power so the dissipation in the resistors is not

that significant in comparison.

Do not insert and remove the SD card when the Arduino is powered, this can

(does!) corrupt the card and it will need reformatting!

SD card (/tag/type-id/keyword-SD%20card/)

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Bitmap (/tag/type-id/keyword-Bitmap/)

Arduino (/tag/type-id/keyword-Arduino/)

ILI9341 (/tag/type-id/keyword-ILI9341/)

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3/17

Step 2: Libraries and example sketches (updated 2/4/15)

You will need the libraries in the attached zip file and the SdFat library (included

for convenience). The standard SD library can be used but this requires minor

changes to the sketch and will run slower.

The main changes to the ILI9341 library are to enhance speed and to add the

pushColors() function, one to handle integer arrays (for BMP drawing) and one

for byte arrays (raw images).

In the zip file you will find a folder containing images, put these on a FATformatted SD card for the Arduino to read (not in a directory!). You can modify

the SD library examples to use the above pins to check a sketch can access the

files and the wiring is good. If in trouble post a plea for help... I may have made

a mistake or may be able to help you get your setup going, bear in mind that it is

difficult to debug major problems by exchanging a few messages...

Most of the image files are in BMP format, so it is left as an exercise to convert

them to raw format, amend the sketch and see the improved drawing speed.

The example "ILI9341_draw_bitmap" (in the Adafruit_ILI9341_AS folder)

sketch uses 90% of UNO FLASH and 54% of RAM for dynamic storage when

compiled under IDE 1.6.1.

Only enable Font 2 (or other small font file) or the UNO will run out of FLASH memory!

I use the compiler -O2 option as in my Instructable here

(http://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-IDE-16x-compiler-optimisations-faster-

code/). The standard -Os option will make smaller code images but it runs

slower (when IDE 1.6.1 used). IDE 1.0.6 compiled sketches may not fit in an

UNO as the old version of the GCC compiler produces fast but quite large

executables.

In the copies of the libraries in the zip files F_AS_T is disabled and only

Font 2 is enabled, be aware of this if you try other sketch examples!

The image drawing function is part of the sketch not the library, this is deliberate

as it is all too easy to create a heavyweight memory hungry feature rich librarythat puts a strain on the AVR based Arduino's capability! Well that's my excuse

;-) Some folk solve this by making a simple wrapper library that contains these

functions and calls lower level libraries, so this is an option for the future. You

can cut the drawBMP() function out and just use drawRAW() to save some

space.

The main draw function prototypes are:

void drawBMP(char *filename, int16_t x, int16_t y, boolean flip)

The file name must be in the 8.3 format, see the SD library documentation. x

and y are the coords where the top left pixel of the image will be drawn. See the

last Step of this Instructable for the function of the flip flag. The width and height

of the image are extracted from the BMP file.

The equivalent one for raw bitmaps is:

void drawRAW(char *filename, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t rawWidth,

int16_t rawHeight)

As there is just pixel data in this file the width and height of the image must be

provided to the function.

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4/17

The library and sketch is targetted at AVR processors (UNO, Mega etc). I do not

have a DUE, so do not plan at the moment to make it compatible with ARM

processors. If someone does get the sketch running on a DUE I would be

interested to here how it performs, if the SPI can be run at 48MHz then an entire

screen update could probably be performed in less than 100ms... To run the SPI

at this frequency you would probably need a digital logic level converters.

Note: On 2/4/15 the library sketch has been updated to further improve

performance.

3/4/15: Minor bug fix

TFT SD bitmap v6.zip (/files/orig/FAU/RCDS/I800ZREN/FAURCDSI800ZREN.zip)

Step 3: Adding images

If you add your own images make sure they are 24 bit color BMP files and they

have a width and height compatible with the display. In Windows the free Paint

software can be used to crop, resize, flip and save images in 24bit BMP format.

There is little error checking in the code, so images can be corrupted by drawing

off the screen edge and may not get drawn at all if the file cannot be found or

format is wrong etc, but the Arduino should keep going and I have not had a

crash yet. I have removed all debugging print statements to reduce the codesize, but Serial is called up in setup().

Paint can also be used to pick colours off images to see the 24 bit RGB value,

these can be converted using a calculator or a library function to the 16 bit 565

format used for the display.

Raw image files are quicker to draw and can be created straight from the BMP

" "

http://www.instructables.com/file/F87XGK8I7SVW53I/http://www.instructables.com/file/FZW0MQOI7SVVWAH/http://www.instructables.com/file/F831GDJI7SVVUXK/http://www.rinkydinkelectronics.com/library.php?id=51http://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FAU/RCDS/I800ZREN/FAURCDSI800ZREN.zip


5/17

. ,

library (http://www.rinkydinkelectronics.com/library.php?id=51) and is in the tools

folder of the library. Use the ".raw" option, load a file and save it. The file will be

~2/3 the size. The pixel ordering means they draw top down too, this image

converter is a great little utility that saves me writing a sketch for the UNO to

seek BMP files and convert them (I might do that anyway!).

Yes, I had to include a picture of a cat, at least it's a "proper" one ;-) and a

mouse.

Step 4: BMP file format and graphics overlay

The common BMP format is to store the image in raster fashion from the bottom

upwards but the graphics and plot windowing expects an image to be drawn top

down. Manipulating file pointers to draw top to bottom slows down image

rendering significantly, so the drawing routine and library uses the hardware TFT

SGRAM rotation feature, this means we can quickly draw from bottom to top.

After plotting the image the display is returned to the normal top left is 0,0

orientation.

If you visually prefer to draw top down then flip the image top to bottom before

putting it on the SD card and use the "Top-Down" TD_BMP flag in the function

instead of the Bottom-Up BU_BMP flag. This has been done in sympathy with

the capabilities of the UNO by sacrificing a neater (but bigger and slower)

software implementation and style for a significant performance advantage! The

price to pay is a couple of mouse clicks when preparing the image (just flip

vertically before saving in Paint).The displayed images are nice and crisp with vibrant colours, so the screen

shots made with my webcam don't do it full justice. The raw bitmap images are

more representative of what you will see on the display.

Standard GFX functions (line drawing, text, etc.) can be used and overlaid on

the drawn images. As a trivial example the Terminator eyes are made to glow

more brightly red in the ILI9341_tftbmp demo sketch by plotting bright red circles

in the appropriate place. Again Paint can be used to help work out the

coordinates when plotting over images.

Step 5: Raw bitmap drawing

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6/17

It is surprising how quickly the humble UNO can plot SD Card images to the

screen when the code loops are kept short and sweet. The speed is quite good

when using 16 bit raw images in a TFT friendly format because this avoids the

tedious conversion of 24 bits into 16 bit words and only 2/3rds of the number of

bytes needs to be read. In fact this library and sketch can fetch an image from

the SD Card and draw it on screen in less time than some graphics libraries take

to just clear the screen...

The library and sketch has been test on the new 1.6.2 IDE

(http://arduino.cc/en/main/software). (which I have only just noticed has been

released!)

On FLASH size we are pushing the boundaries for an UNO and only IDE 1.6.x

will create a small enough file with a single Font 2 (or smaller) loaded. I use

optimisation level -02 as in my Instructable here

(http://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-IDE-16x-compiler-optimisations-faster-

code/). for speed but the standard -Os helps a tad with smaller size at the

expense of a 35% speed reduction.

http://www.instructables.com/file/F0ZJA3AI7SVW4RB/http://www.instructables.com/file/FD1CXHOI7SVW5CG/http://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-IDE-16x-compiler-optimisations-faster-code/http://arduino.cc/en/main/software


7/17

These libraries are highly optimised version of libraries created by others hence

the Adafruit label. All graphics drawing functions are still their under the bonnet

("hood" for readers in the USA). The line drawing algorithm has been optimised

and runs much faster than the basic Bressenham method because it uses the

fact that short multi-pixel horizontal and vertical line segments can be drawn

much more quickly that individual pixels. The further the angle away from 45

degrees (no multipixel line segments) the faster a line will draw. An example

modified UTFT graphics test sketch is included to show the impressive speed

improvement :-)

Thank you for reading my Instructables, it has been gratifying to get such

positive feedback. The message reporting service on Instructables seems to bea little unreliable for some reason, so sometimes I do not see new posts, bear

this in mind!

TTFN

Step 6: Library evolutions and speed enhancements

The Adafruit_xxx_AS libraries associated with this Instructable have been

enhanced significantly by myself from the originals produced by Adafruit. It could

(unintentionally) be the case that the libraries are no longer compatible with

Adafruit products, so bear this in mind and do NOT contact Adafruit if you

have a problem!

As the changes made are now quite significant it is the intent to rename this

library in future whilst keeping the acknowledgement to Adafruit within. If this

change does happen then I will create an associated Instructable.

The table shows how significant the performance improvements are, these

improvements are a result of adapting the software to the capabilities of the

processor and displays. There are no plans to migrate the Library to ARM

processors (DUE etc) as I do not have the need, the projects I have planned

only need to update the display infrequently (every few seconds) as the

parameters being monitored do not change quickly and by writing the software

efficiently to only update the areas of the screen that change means I can get

flicker free updates.

The result for the 5.2 x improvement reported for line drawing and 6.2 x for

triangle outlines is due to enhancements to the Bresenham line drawing

algorithm. Essentially making use of the fact that short horizontal and vertical

line segments are in the lines (apart from one case at 45 degrees), these

segments can be drawn much more quickly than plotting individual pixels.

Arduino - TFT display of bitmap images from an SD Card byBodmer (/member/Bodmer/)

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Reply3 months ago

and more efficient.

Step 7: The future...

F_AS_T

I have tested the F_AS_T option which uses direct port access on an UNO and

this is now working fine. Uncomment the line:

#define F_AS_T

in the "Adafruit_ILI9341_FAST.h" file when using Atmega328 (UNO/Micro

Pro/Nano) processors. Put // comment in front to disable for other processors.

Run Length Encoding

One of my next graphics projects will use icons, these are simple images such

as thermometers, compass dials etc that generally use few colours with

relatively large areas of the same colour, this makes them suitable for

compression with a Run Length Encoding (RLE) algorithm. RLE is quite simple

and fast to compress/decompress so is great for the AVR. This will make pulling

them off the SD card and plotting them even faster as the typically the RLE

compressed files will be significantly smaller than a raw bit map. Potentially

icons could also be stored in FLASH as well. As an example a raw image of 60 x60 pixel icon is 7200 bytes, RLE of a simple graphic of a warning triangle could

be only 1000 bytes.

RLE of fonts

The GFX library contains fonts and the larger ones lend themselves to RLE, this

will mean that a UNO will be able to have more fonts resident in FLASH. Watch

this space " " !

HarryDutch (/member/HarryDutch)

Hi,

Thanks forthis great library! It's really very useful.

Instead of the"Adafruit_ILI9341_AS" library I tried to use your

`TFT_ILI9341"library from your GitHub because it's a lot faster and leaves

more space for mysketches. It's kind of working to my surprise, but only the

colours and thescreen alignment are not correct. I don't know if you’re

planning to replacethe Adafruit library by your TFT_ILI9341 for this instructable

but if you do I

would be very happy. Anyway, thanks again for your greatwork!!

RobertoV1 (/member/RobertoV1)

SD was not working with sd full speed. Only sd half speed

worked.

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Bodmer (/member/Bodmer) (author) .


Do you use a resistor divider logic level shifter, if so whatvalue resistors do you use?

RobertoV1 (/member/RobertoV1) .

Bodmer (/member/Bodmer)

Thanks for the reply! I used the schematic and pin describedin this instructables, 1.2k and 1.8k



OK, some SD Cards like fast transitions between logic levels.

Try 470 Ohms and 1K instead of 1K2 and 1K8. Check your display does not already have 1K in line resistors connected

to the SD Card, or post a picture of the back of the displayboard so I can have a look for you.

intriq8 (/member/intriq8)

/me continues to enthusiastically "watch this space" for RLE font developments... ;)



Good news! I have tried various encoding methods and found

that the basic run length encoding is a good compromisebetween reducing the font files and making the rendering of

fonts to screen faster. At the moment I have the adaptedgraphics libraries running with a 480 x 320 display with the

HX8357 driver. I can adapt other driver libraries, if you wish totry the new encoded font files then let me know which TFT

driver chip you are using, then I can create a demo for you totry out.

TTFN

intriq8 (/member/intriq8) .


Great, excited to hear it.So, as you found, a sweet spot with the TFTs in terms of price is those

ili9341 2.2 - 2.8inch TFT modules. the 2.4 and 2.6 in particular balance

price and size well. They are available with touch screen chip for around$7 delivered. The touch chips work with uTouch library apparently, istarted on the touchless ones, though my touch version have arrived now.

I recently saw those 480x320 ones at $12 though, very nice, almost

bought it. I take is you're using a mega/stm32 for those right? 16bitinterface right? I should try one of those, look like great value. though see

his one:

In cheap 480x320, if you didn't see it , you might want to check out theHX8352-A one, http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/190871667912(http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/190871667912) as it has a touch screen, $1

or so more.

nother interesting one: a 3.6" 400x240 ili9327 for under $10: (with touch

apparently) http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/141648004699(http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/141648004699). (8 bit interface). I orderedone.

I shifted my TFT project to the $5 maple mini using the STM32duino core,eeling limited with lack of space and ram on the favourite 328p... I like

smooth big fonts.

I spent quite a bit of time making a universal TFT controller [328p] with

http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/141648004699http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/190871667912http://www.instructables.com/member/Bodmerhttp://www.instructables.com/member/intriq8http://www.instructables.com/member/intriq8http://www.instructables.com/member/Bodmerhttp://www.instructables.com/member/intriq8http://www.instructables.com/member/RobertoV1http://www.instructables.com/member/Bodmerhttp://www.instructables.com/member/Bodmerhttp://www.instructables.com/member/RobertoV1http://www.instructables.com/member/RobertoV1http://www.instructables.com/member/Bodmer


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your library, i wrote a nice scrolling graphing function, your ringmeters

modified/ more parameterised, optimised serial control, with setup of pages/elements/labels, data updates, etc.. all prompted by the need for

more space for graphics code and fonts, and the wish to have this workbe universal and re-usable in various projects. In this case even moving to

a dedicated 328p was not enough, I found I wanted to buffer a lot of stuff in ram for the data logging and graph, and sd bitmaps were out of the

question, and drawing could always be faster, so I moved again to thestm32f1.

BUT: I still want to use 328p with the Ili9341 where ideal. Havingcompressed fonts, and flash chips, makes that SO much more possible.

nd compression and flash will make the stm32 ever more useful.I see some of your ili9341 work is ported in that stm32 arduino

repository, though i found the ported ili9341due library there is much

aster than yours on all operations but fillscreen and fill rect, interestingly.Your library still seems to be the king for 328p, if using f_as_t mode.

So, in answer to your question on what i'm using:, ili9341 for 328p andstm32. And then any of the other ones i mentioned, like that480x320 one

you got. So you could/should put it in your lib for the illi9341 on AVR atleast, and It would be appreciated in the stm32arduino repository illi9341

drivers too..

Here's an idea: at some point, you/I/we port it into the gText library thathe ili9341due uses. that appears to be a nice library/font stardard to use,

if we're going to have the space savings to be a little more indulgent withont choice. It has many fonts already imported, tools to import, etc.. Or is

hat lib too bulky/cumbersome for your taste?

I'm super happy with the discovery/use of the maple mini, often wanting

more power/space than a 328p, but not wanting to budget the bulkier $13mega2560+ into everything that could use it..

hen it starts approaching the price of the cheapest android phone, you

have to rethink what you're doing programming hardware. After all; for $40or $50, you get a 700mhz+ arm, with battery, high-res capacitive touch

screen, wifi, bluetooth, storage, gsm, etc. and mature development toolsand community. Could interface to this from your mcu a number of ways.

So i recon $20-25 is the sanity check level for MCU+TFT for arduino..

hanks again for your work. this is great, if there's anything i can do tohelp you develop or refine it, let me know.



he HX8352-A display in the link does not appear to have theV to 3.3V logic level translators so would need an extra

board. I have a couple of these:

http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/301454650227(http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/301454650227)

hese use the HX8357 driver and I created a driver library for

it for the Arduino Mega. These use HC245 level converter IC's so work well with SD Cards. There is a empty footprint for a SPI FLASH device too that looks Winbond compatible! It

sits close down on the Mega which means the board must bedismounted to get at the SD Card and the other Mega pins

are not easily accessible. But it makes a nice cheap TFTassembly with a Mega clone. Banggood sell then with a Mega

clone for about £11:

http://www.banggood.com/Mega2560-R3-Board-With-USB...(http://www.banggood.com/Mega2560-R3-Board-With-USB-

Cable-3_0-Inch-TFT-LCD-Display-Module-p-967224.html)

I also have the 400x240 display you mention, it has resistor

based level converters. The empty FLASH device footprintdoes not look Winbond compatible though. Typically these

screens are advertised with the wrong driver but are ILI9327based. I have adapted/created a simple Touch library for it

(as the UTFT Utouch library has reliability issues with thatdisplay). I am not a fan of the cheap resistove touch screens

hough as the plastic on the screen is easily marked.

I see we think along the same lines, I have a cheap android

http://www.banggood.com/Mega2560-R3-Board-With-USB-Cable-3_0-Inch-TFT-LCD-Display-Module-p-967224.htmlhttp://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/301454650227http://www.instructables.com/member/intriq8http://www.instructables.com/member/Bodmer


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phone that has never been used as a phone... instead I use

he WiFi, Bluetooth, web browser and touch screen featureso compliment my Arduino projects!

I will tidy up the RLE sketches atc and adapt a ILI9341 libraryo display the RLE fonts. It may take me a week or two to get

his done as I am rather busy with paid work at the moment!

OK I think I have probably covered all your questions!

TFN

uhclem (/member/uhclem) .


Where is your driver for the HX8357? I have one mounted to a Due,

where performance is pretty bad considering what the Due is capable of.

Thanks!


uhclem (/member/uhclem)

You could try the attached. This is a 16 bit interface library

that I use with a 480x320 display and a Mega. It might notwork for you though.

HX9357_480x320_libraries_v1.zip

(http://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FXH/UG0Q/ICJLZ5OE/FXHUG0QICJLZ5OE.zip)

uhclem (/member/uhclem) .


Thanks! I'll try it.



I want to convert the many big/full fonts from the uTFT or gText format to

this new format. Any thoughts on how I/we should approach that?



I looked at a few options when I wanted to create a libraryhat was small for the UNO/328, for example true type font

converters and re-using fonts from other libraries but then Icame across "Cosmic Void's" font editor software:

https://forum.crystalfontz.com/showthread.php?3619...(https://forum.crystalfontz.com/showthread.php?3619-Bitmap-

ont-editor-for-graphic-LCD)

his is a little flaky and crashes when editing sometimes :-(...but the really nice feature is it encodes the fonts into a

convenient C code friendly format. This is configurable andhe output is a nice individual character array text file format

hat is in an almost ready to use form (minor edits needed) tocompile with the Arduino IDE. It also creates the proportional

spacing width table for each character too and the font relatedariables (height etc). This makes things so much easier! It is

also quite human readable and permits individual characterso be replaced as each character is an array with the ASCII

code in the array name.

he software has some fonts included, I just wanted aproportional space Helvetica style non-serif font whichortunately it has in the set in a few different sizes, bold, italic

etc. It will also produce outline character fonts.

s I am familiar with that software (and the minor editsneeded) I can now create a new font file and test it with a TFT

display in about 30 minutes. So... to answer the question,now I have gone down that route I am not sure I would bother

https://forum.crystalfontz.com/showthread.php?3619-Bitmap-font-editor-for-graphic-LCDhttp://www.instructables.com/member/intriq8http://www.instructables.com/member/Bodmerhttp://www.instructables.com/member/Bodmerhttp://www.instructables.com/member/intriq8http://www.instructables.com/member/Bodmerhttp://www.instructables.com/member/uhclemhttp://www.instructables.com/files/orig/FXH/UG0Q/ICJLZ5OE/FXHUG0QICJLZ5OE.ziphttp://www.instructables.com/member/uhclemhttp://www.instructables.com/member/Bodmerhttp://www.instructables.com/member/Bodmerhttp://www.instructables.com/member/uhclem


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o convert fonts from other libraries, though I can see why thismight be of general interest.



Thanks for your patience.

I have released a library for you to try. See Step 8 of my

Instructable:"Arduino TFT display and font library"

The library with Run Length Encoded fonts and examples is

attached to that step as a Zip file.

TTFN



I tried Run Length Encoding the fonts with a simple "normal"

run length method but the results were not as good as hoped.Compression ratios in the order of 2 to 3 were obtained. Here

is an edited report produced by the sketch:

Font 2 RLEFont count = 1568 bytesRLE count = 2534 (bigger as there are so few "long" pixel

runs!)

Font 4 RLEFont count = 6422 bytes

RLE count = 46551767 bytes saved with 7 bit RL counter

032 bytes saved with 3 bit RL counter


RLE count = 14811495 bytes saved with 7 bit RL

1048 bytes saved with 3 bit RL


RLE count = 127533 bytes saved with 7 bit RL

21 bytes saved with 3 bit RL


RLE count = 2085Difference = 4065

s would be expected the bigger fonts have better

compression ratios as they have much longer pixel runs.

But I now have a better method to try, which is a hybrid

method where short runs are stored as raw bytes and onlylonger pixel runs are stored run length encoded.

I also have a working Arduino sketch for compressing bigger

image bitmaps stored on an SDcard with the new RLE hybrid method, and for displaying

hem afterwards. That is currently written asmore of a demo as the software has some debug stuff in it

and has not been optimised yet, but I am getting compressionratios in the range 4:1 to 10:1 for suitable images/icons. I

have yet to adapt the same method to the fonts.

I have some 1Mbyte SPI FLASH chips on order too as I see

his as a potential method for storing the compressed fontsand icons, this will avoid the filing system overheads imposed

by using SD Cards.

So it is a "work in progress"... continue to watch this space " "!

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13/17

Reply8 months agointriq8 (/member/intriq8) .


Excellent! I have been working on this a bit too, on paper. My roughcalculations that 3bit can work for the small fonts appear confirmed by

your tests, sweet.

My studies brought me to the same conclusion : a flag for literals could be

ideal. Also:

1. Did you consider Huffman coding , a tree per font, to further optimisethe encoding of run lengths? Do you think there's an effiecient way to

decodethe huffman values without impacting render speed severely? Itwould of course mean you'd have to pack the stream with all the different

bitlengths, it would no longer be on neat 4 or 8 bit (3+1 and 7+1)boundaries. But the huffman encoded values have that surprising

unambiguous quality as they decode.

How about something like, for example, generate a lookup table of the

huffman coding for a font:

7bits, so 128x2 byte array, costing 256bytes,or 3bits for small fonts; 8x2 byte array costing 16 bytes, stored as part of

the font.- Do you think that huffman encoding would be worthwhile, if implemented

optimally?- Do you know the proper/better way to store a huffman tree for decoding

values?

- When you look at the run lengths, have you noticed a distribution trend?

[Looking the structure of a font, it would stand to reason; a lot of the

stems/risers are the same width, and there are many cases of same-length black wraparound to the risers.]

[I thought I saw a nice uneven distribution on the few small chars i wasplaying with on paper. ...Ive really got to move this to code. I'll look at your

library....]

2. Another one I saw was to use the flag bit to indicate a run of alternatingbits / vs same bits. This isn't too useful for fonts I guess. Might be useful

on a bitstream with many alternating runs.

3. LZSS? or something LZ ish? I saw someone made a lightweight LZ

library for arduino..

4. ..or anything along the lines of the technique of creating a runningdictionary, which optimises for longer words as it goes.

i.e. it starts with a dictionary of minimum data width (so in our case justthe entries 0 and 1., looks the the next unknown sequence in the input

stream, e.g.;

input 0 = match, so look at next bit:next bit 0 again, no match for 00, so add to dictionary. and so on, with

limits.

Could then either just encode/output the 00, add 00 to the dictionary, and

store the whole final dictionary, or you can encode the 0, then add 00 tothe dictionary, and the use the decode-time creation of the dictionary by

the same rules method, which would have to be per char, but would bepretty small dictionary..might still work.

That type of scheme, it seems to me, could be quite good for the kind of

patterns in the font data, especially applied across the whole thing.

5. "I have some 1Mbyte SPI FLASH chips on order " mmm, i have 4mbyte

winbond ones on order, 50c each delivered, same price as those 1MbyteQ80s, which i mistakenly bought first ;)

" I see this as a potential method for storing the compressed fonts and

icons, this will avoid the filing system overheads imposed by using SDCards."

-YES.!!! exactly. not to mention they're way cheaper than an SD card, andyou can use them for audio, other program data, data logging, etc..

If this "font compression on arduino" thing is done well, this should be

incorporated in all arduino font/gfx libs, as it is very sorely needed.

I'm keen to contribute however i can.

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ow, so many things to discuss!

Using literal is fonts only gave better compression for small

onts and is a pain to render at speed because the originalidea behind using RLE is that we get a raster scan feed

immediately as an output without any processing algorithmsneeded. So it is fast to render, and this indeed is the case.

ith a 16 bit interface font rendering to screen achieves over 1 Megapixel per second as it is only necessary to set the 16

bit colour at the port and then generate the N (where N is runcount) write strobes. This means a large (48 point) font

character can be drawn in a few milliseconds when pulledrom the Arduino FLASH memory.

here is a lot of scope for further compression, in particular here are a lot of repeating sequences, for example for the

letter "l" but it comes down to what I need for my own projectsand I find the basic RLE is good enough and I like to keep

hings simple! Indeed I worked out that on some projects thebest way to reduce font space is to only include the

characters I use rather than things like "#^&" etc, so at themoment I am looking at a simpler way of including font

character subsets (this is already done for large fonts as I

only included numerals and the characters I wanted like":,a,m,p" for time displays.) because even the word "Hello" ina large will not fit on the screens I like to use due to lack of

screen real estate... but I do like to display numerals large ashey represent sensor readings.

I have implemented RLE with literals for 16 bit graphics

images, as a test I extracted the 13 frames as BMPs from theGIF below (GIFs are nicely compressed!), reduced the x and

y by 50% to get images 122 x 93 pixels (30KB each BMP,3KB for 16 bit raw), encoded using my image RLE software

o ~3KBytes per frame, saved the 13 images to FLASH in anrduino Mega and plotted to TFT (16 bit parallel interface) as

an animation... which then ran much too fast at 11ms per

rame (90 frames per second)! This means the simple image(clearly most of the area is just one colour and hence good for RLE, but the golfer image was antialiased) was being pulled

rom flash AND plotted at over 1Megapixel per second. In theend I put a 150ms delay between each frame to get the

animation running at roughly the right speed.

s you say the multi Megabit SPI FLASH chips are cheap,

especially from Aliexpress etc. At the moment I am "playing"ith the 1Mbyte chips in 8 pin DIL format for a project but will

be getting larger capacity cheaper SOIC ones to fit on theacant spot on the back of some of my TFT displays.

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FCD/F05I/IAEJNSYK/FCDF05IIAEJNSYK.LARGE.gif)



Yes, so many points ;)

Thanks for all your replies!


Question: Why no F_AS_T for mega?

It's direct port manipulation right? So the port/pin masks

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...

overlooking when i think that its just a matter of looking upthe relevant mega port/pin direct manipulation equivalents

and doing a search-and-replace? Does it work differently?

Would be even more handy if it worked fast with mega too.[Though cooler than mega would be if you optimised for

stm32duino/maplemini.]On uno it's only faster than the current adafruit one when

f_as_t mode is enabled.



s you say this is possible, the simple reason is that I havenot needed this facility myself, I am using 16 bit parallel

interfaces on my Mega projects which can clear the screen at Megapixels per second (we only need to setup the 16 bit

colour then generate write strobes fast). The SPI on theseMega projects is just used for SD card and SPI FLASH

access. As the display is about the same size as the Megahe large PCB is not an issue. The libraries posted here were

really developed just for my own Arduino UNO/Micro proprojects (Micro pro clones from China are only about $2

each...) and hence the intent was not to develop an "official"library. So the library features are just stuff I need for my

projects really. The STM32 is of interest but I have notactually got around to buying any boards yet...



heheh, sorry, didn't mean to come off all demanding, was just curioushat it involved, as I may be able make the changes myself.

Ok, well if it does work the way i assume, if i do update your library for direct port manipulation on the mega, I'll be sure to post back the

changes. ;)

h, so the work of yours i saw over at stm32duino was "ported" over by

someone..

gdmuscle (/member/gdmuscle)

Has anyone been able to get animation on the TFT likegif animation going?



The UNO can pull pixels off the SD card and draw on screen

about 100 pixels per millisecond. An animation that updatesat 25 frames per second gives 40 milliseconds per frame, in

this time the UNO could draw 100 x 40 pixels, thus a set of raw images of 65 pixels square would animate quite well.

The G IF images are compressed and the UNO does nothave the processing power to decompress them and draw to

screen quickly, thus the only simple way of creating ananimation would be to create a set of raw images, each

being one frame of the animation.

gdmuscle (/member/gdmuscle) .


Oh ok, so to do this don't put a time delay between theimages displayed on the SD bitmap images?



Yes, correct. A delay would only be needed to slow down

the animation frame rate.

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Yeah tried that not much of a smooth display though got itworking using bmp files not sure if the original tft2bmp is fast

enough.


The strange thing is that my display shows nothing yetthere is something on there. I tested the Sd card reader it's reading fine but for some odd reason the test images

don't show?



Do you have the LED back light working OK?



Yeah I hooked it up to Pin 5 high output also tried to hook it

directly to 3.3v nothing. The picture shows the colour greyswipe down left right but no bmp or raw images.

RémiG (/member/RémiG)

Hello,

I try this lib for show text, but i can't run it, y have a lot of error with SPCR, SPDR, SPIF varibale not declared :(

C:\Program Files(x86)\Arduino\libraries\Adafruit_ILI9341_AS\Adafruit_ILI93error: 'SPSR' was not declared in this scope

while(!(SPSR & _BV(SPIF)));

Thanks.



These definitions are in a standard AVR header file called upduring compilation. Are you using an AVR processor....!

Which IDE version and Arduino board are you using?

RémiG (/member/RémiG) .


I try on Arduino DUE which is not AVR I think

CPU : Atmel SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3

IDE : 1.6.2



OK, I do not have DUE so cannot help adapt the library for

that platform. You may be able to get help on the Arduinoforum as the problems in porting to the DUE are likely to be

common with other libraries and sketches. Sorry but until Iget a DUE I can not help!

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17/17

Reply10 months agoRémiG (/member/RémiG) .


Ok, no probleme i will check on arduino forum and come back if i have an

answer.

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