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Stairs

Secondedition

Alan and Sylvia Blanc



7 Detailed construction: iron, steel andother metals

7.1 Ladders and laddersteps

Cast- and wrought-iron work in ladders

and stairs has a tradition that stems fi-om

the Industrial Revolution (Figures 7.1Uand 7.1b).Another source is the spider’s

web of steps that straddle the Eiffel

Tower. The lattice girders were designed

as ladders to enable the repainting to be

carried out without cradles or scaffold.

The addition of lightly framed steel

stairs and handrailing can be less intrusive

th:m inasonry construction when making

ruins accessible for tourists. At Rochester

Castle, John Winter was asked to insert

floors and add a roof to the open shell

of the ruined tower. He was also asked

to construct a staircase in such a position

that the puldic could enter the castle

through the original doorway. I t is not

known 11c)w the original stairs or roof

were constructed, so it w;is decided to

make these model-n structures, hut to

keep them discreet so that the famous

\ric.n,s o f the c:istle wei-e not Liffected.

‘l’lic staircxe is ;i siniple structure of

stwl Inr-sand plate with oak treads. It is



Detailed construction: iron, steel and other metals 115

7.2 Fire escape stairs



116 Stairs

Cast iron grid Angle

frame to tread




_ -

7.3 Standard internal stairs



118 Stairs

7.4 Spiral stairsTread andstring details

Well end

1

\

Flights at landing




ing. Designer spir;ils ha\.e reachecl

I>eyoncl the limit of coininon sense in

Fl-ance \\,it11 polislied alui i i in i i i i i castingsrescmhling giant teaspoons that ;irejettiecl

off :I spinal \wtelxi (Figure7. 4~) .’atterns

of nineteentli-centur~ ngineering ;ii-estill

ii i:inu~~ctii recl, the de\-elopmt.nts in

replica c:tsting 1iie;iiisthat historic fe:itures

can hc. m:ttchecl. Thespir:il st:iirs :incl lxi l-

coniesat the I’alm House,Kc. \ \ . ,re ;I rase

in point (Figure 7.1 I ) , \+.lierethe iiatur;i-

listic forms still perfectly echo the n:itur:il

plant iiiaterid.



120 Stairs

7.5 Special stairs

Rod balustrade

supporting treads

Welded chequer plate

Flats

Rod bracinglats for strings




secured direct

Renewable nos;

, xK Non-slip inset', '

Tile filling

/Terrazzo filling

,// support at strings

Stoneimarble tread

f Sheet steel flatSoffit fixings

Tubular rail

Welded angle frame

In-situ infill

... . . ,.

**\Steel tray

Steel tray

Cold folded Plastic tileicork infill/frame /

J

fSteel plate



122 Stairs

ionnection bolt

Top sectionwith end balustrade-

Stepping offplatform \

BalustradeJ \section

Stay

Cotter-

Stay bolt

Spacer tube&

Centre

senkwl hy n:iked light I X I I I X - replace-

nient of the I X I I I X \ \ xffected by sliding

the light fixture along its o\w-lie:id tl-ack

at the top floor :ind then \\.alking ckwn

to c~ichancling (o ch:inge the, I x i l h . Tlie

slencler qu~i l i t~~f steel profiles c-:in

reduce the imlxict o f pre-cast concrete

or timlxr \\.hich ma)- he selecttd lk)r

ti-e:icls. 1,aclclei. trusses \i.itli horizont:il

steel trellises \ \ , i l l c:iriy 'plank' tre:icls,

tlw uppc'r line of the trusses foi-ming ;I

1i:inclt;iil. This motif' \\':is usecl frecjuc.ntl\,

by hI:ii-cel Hreuer for cxxtern:il stairs to

recluce the impact or shaclo\\. froin the

construction interfc3ring \\.it11 thy fenestra-

tion (Iigure 7.5c).




7.6 Suspended stairs



124 Stairs

Compression fixings

ILanding ortread trays




P re-cast concrete

Continued to formbalustrade to floor above

Tube or flat bar

fixed clear

treads framed

Tubes or flatssuspended fromfloor structure.

I V

Vertical trellis for suspended flight

Handrail fixed clearre suspenders

\ II

Flat barframeworkwith lappedand rivettedjoints

Strings fixed

suspenders

either sideof central

-

Continuous suspenders(for dog-leg on spinewith flights either side)



126 Stairs

Vertical suspendersto carry steelplate stairs

Head plate7

Handrail with cleats off rods Acrylic panel

\ ach tread plate (steel or precarried on rods at either end

-cast)

~

Suspended stairs from floor above



128 Stairs

7.7 Metal balustrading




Angle to suitrequirements

,\ 1275" rad

N50-16ANGLE BEND

/P

-102- *75-

N50-20 4" 3'

WALL RAIL BRACKET

-27S"--N50-17

SPLIT CONNECTING SLEEVE

N50 21

SADDLE CROSS

N50-7 N50-14

N50- 15

N50~9END PLUG

N50w8

CHAIN EYE PLUG

N50-22ANGLED SADDLE J OINT

01

01



130 Stairs

Stainless

bolted toplate

Industrial

typebalustrade

P A d e dolted

to tubularstring

Rod balustrade

Tubularsteel



132 Stairs

Circular

out and metal

Fixingto concrete

6 rnm reinforcingDais to case hole

tubular baluster

Edge fixingto concrete

to hold baluster

Use of sleeved fixingsfor baluster ends - usuallystandards at 120011300 centrescarrying railing panels

/;i,qi/i,(, .cS/’ 7i.cieli/ioi/ril iJ i(,/lil l ~ c i l i i . ~ / i ~~ i~ l~ i~~ :, i)i i i ic~/ioii .s ii,(,lllii/g, c,/ . s c . i . ( J / l : y ,




Patternof 2 hardwooddowels to 1 bronze

60 x 120 laminatedORsolid handrail (hardwood)

Constantbalustradepanels

20 mmbalusters (hardwoodand bronze rod on 2:l ratio)

to improve strength

Laminated kerb adjustedto give correct

height in balustrade

60 mm sinking for balusters

120mmsinking for balusters

Timber bound facinasRadius to

hardwoodcappings

Hardwood

PlYveneer

__c

Laminatedkerb .-w

Cast in battens for fixings

Pre-cast slab/flights

Textured paint finishto concrete



134 Stairs




References

arcpress stairs - 2nd edition - section 7 - detailed construction - iron steel and other materials 8...

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