architecture: cfd simulation applications using scstream · conventional cfd (unstructured mesh)...
TRANSCRIPT
|1© Cradle North America
June 2016
Cradle North America
Architecture: CFD Simulation Applications Using scSTREAM
|2© Cradle North America
WHAT IS CFD?
|3© Cradle North America
It is the numerical simulation methods to simulate fluid
dynamic phenomena by solving governing equations of
fluid, heat, diffusive species, and/or chemical reactions.
CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)
Physics / Mathematics / Computer Science / Visualization Techniques
Thermo-Fluid Analysis
What is CFD?
|4© Cradle North America
What is scSTREAM?
• Fluid Dynamics, Heat Transfer, & Daylight Analysis Software
|5© Cradle North America
scSTREAM Released in 1984
Realization of Architectural and Electrical Effectiveness
Development Focused on Speed, Accuracy,
and usability
Implementation of Architectural Specific Functions
|3© Cradle North America
History
|6© Cradle North America
Examples
Indoor Applications
|7© Cradle North America
Examples
Indoor Applications – Human Comfort
|8© Cradle North America
Examples
Indoor Applications – Data Centers
|9© Cradle North America
Examples
Indoor Applications – Humidity Control
|10© Cradle North America
Examples
Indoor Applications – Air Quality
|11© Cradle North America
Examples
Outdoor Applications
|12© Cradle North America
Examples
Outdoor Applications – Large Scale
|13© Cradle North America
Examples
Outdoor Applications – Site Analysis
|14© Cradle North America
Examples
Outdoor Applications – Diffusion Analysis
|15© Cradle North America
Examples
Outdoor Applications – Site Thermal Analysis
|16© Cradle North America
Examples
Natural Ventilation
|17© Cradle North America
Examples
Natural Ventilation- Natural Convection
|18© Cradle North America
Examples
Natural Ventilation – Ventilation Prediction
|19© Cradle North America
Examples
Natural Ventilation – Energy Savings
|20© Cradle North America
Examples
Natural Ventilation – Sustainable Designs
|21© Cradle North America
Examples
Other Applications
|22© Cradle North America
Examples
Other Applications – Daylight and Illuminance
|23© Cradle North America
Examples
Other Applications – Hydraulic Analysis
|24© Cradle North America
Examples
Other Applications – Renewable Energy
|25© Cradle North America
|26© Cradle North America
Compressible / Incompressible fluid
Newtonian / Non-Newtonian fluid
Heat radiation / Solar radiation
Multi-phase / Free surface / Particle tracking
Humidity / Condensation /Solidification / Melting
Diffusion / Chemical reaction / Combustion
Porous media / Canopy Model
Fan models / A/C model / Anemostat model
Thermal conduction panel / Peltier & heatpipe
Thermal circuit model (2/3/multi resistors, DELPHI)
8 Turbulence models / LES
Static Magnetic Effect
Ventilation efficiency evaluation, age of air index
Conjugated heat transfer, Joule heating
Multi-purpose CFDStructured Mesh
Introduction to scSTREAM
scSTREAM is a Multi-purpose CFD software developed not only for CFD experts but also for design engineers in all industries.
Ease of use
Speed
Accuracy
Low memory consumption
Stability
Concept
Introduction to scSTREAM
Physical Models
Multi-purpose CFDStructured Mesh
|27© Cradle North America Last updated: April 2016
Pre
Solver
Post
|28© Cradle North America
Friendly User interface
Rapid and Easy Meshing
Outstanding Computational speed and stability
Low Memory Consumption
Features of scSTREAM
|29© Cradle North America
IDFIDF 2.0 & 3.0
GerberZuken CR5000/Board Designer
RS274D & RS274XCadence ALLEGRO
RZ274X
CSV BMP
Architecture design
Revit *ArchiCAD *
Friendly User interface (CAD Importation)
CATIAv4&v5PRO/E,CreoSolidWorksNXSolidEdgeParasolid
STEPACIS(SAT)VDAFSIGESDXFSTL
XGLNASTRANSHAPE
Features of scSTREAM
|30© Cradle North America
Revit scSTREAM(STpre)
Revit2STREAM and ArchiCAD2STREAM are add-in modules to Revitand ArchiCAD.
2 modes for geometry handling
– Detailed model
– Simplified model
Assembly structure is maintained
Automatically detect the attributes of a part and simply the model for CFD
Friendly User interface (Revit Import Tool)
Features of scSTREAM
|31© Cradle North America
Simplification function
– Walls and floors are converted to sketch parts. Doors and windows are converted to cutout parts. Other parts are obtained as polygon.
Simplified Not simplified
Friendly User interface (Revit Import Tool)
Features of scSTREAM
|32© Cradle North America
Import Map Data
STL
DXF
ParasolidSTEPSHAPE(GIS)
Autodesk(R) Revit(R) Architecture*GRAPHISOFT ArchiCAD*
CATIAProE
Solidworks(and more)
KOKUSAI KOGYO CO., LTD.
Sora Technology Corporation
*Option(Direct Interface)
Friendly User interface (GIS Data Import)
Features of scSTREAM
|33© Cradle North America
Terrain
Buildings
Merge
Simulate
Collect Map Data Import Into scSTREAM
Friendly User interface (GIS Data Import)
Features of scSTREAM
|34© Cradle North America
(3D building model data)
( 3D topography data)
(GIS Data Import)
Features of scSTREAM
|35© Cradle North America
+
Number of Mesh: 2,800,000Calculation time: 55minComputer spec: Pentium 4, 2.8GHz
(GIS Data Import)
Features of scSTREAM
|36© Cradle North America
X_T File
(Model Data)CSV Mapping Tool
(Property)
Merged!
Material
properties
Heat source
Emissivity
Initial Temp
Etc…
Setting material property at once using CSV(Excel)file
This function makes
setting properties for
hundreds of parts easy
Friendly User interface (CSV)
Features of scSTREAM
|37© Cradle North America
Basic boundary condition setting templates.
External Flow (through Buildings)Multiple Default Templates
Friendly User interface (Condition Wizzard)
Features of scSTREAM
|38© Cradle North America
Custom built library registration
Drag & drop to reuse a part from
a library
Friendly User interface
Features of scSTREAM
|39© Cradle North America
2D DXF Files Extrusion
Friendly User interface (Loading 2D DXF Files)
Features of scSTREAM
|40© Cradle North America
<1 sec. for 1,473,171 mesh<10 sec. for 10 million mesh
5 to 10 times faster than conventional CFD (unstructured) software
Windows XP x64 edition
4GB memory
Intel Xeon X5680 (3.33GHz)
Rapid and Easy Meshing
Features of scSTREAM
|41© Cradle North America
scSTREAMConventional CFD
(Unstructured Mesh)
Data Cleaning None 2 to 3 daysdepending on the software
Mesh Generation >1 min. 2 to 5 hours
Calculation 1 day 5 days
Total 1+ day 7 to 8 days
Intel Xeon E5-2687W 3.10GHz
This process is likely to be repeated a
couple of times
Outstanding Computational speed and stability
Features of scSTREAM
|42© Cradle North America
scSTREAMConventional CFD
(Unstructured Mesh)
Data Cleaning None 2 to 3 daysdepending on the software
Mesh Generation >1 min. 2 to 5 hours
Calculation 1 day 5 days
Total 1+ day 7 to 8 days
Intel Xeon E5-2687W 3.10GHz
X 33 days vs. 3-4 weeks+
Low Memory ConsumptionOutstanding Computational speed and stability
Features of scSTREAM
|43© Cradle North America
6 million elements per 2GB50 mil. elements/16GB100 mil. Elements/32GB
6M
3M
1M
# of mesh
Comparison of the # of mesh per 2GB RAM memory
40 to 100 million elements
Low Memory Consumption
Features of scSTREAM
|44© Cradle North America
FUNCTIONS FOR ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING
|45© Cradle North America
Cartesian CoordinateCylindrical coordinates Multi-block meshingArbitrary shape meshTransient / Steady stateIncompressible/Compressible Conjugate heat transferNon-Newtonian/NewtonianThermal conduction panel Moving object Various Fan models8 Turb. ModelsLESParallel computing (MPI)UDF
RadiationSolar radiationParticle trackingHumidityDiffusionCondensation/SolidificationFree SurfaceMeltingChemical reactionCombustionPorous media
Grass establishment /Canopy ModelDiffuser ModelsA/C modelMoisture absorbentVentilation efficiency indicesWind Index toolStatic Magnetic Effect
Joule HeatingPeltierHeatpipeGerber data ImportThermal circuit models
Overview of Functions
|46© Cradle North America
Round-shape Angular-shape
※Handbook of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineering, 13th Edition 2, p.578 (in Japanese only)
Flow from an Anemostat varies depending on operation types.
Horizontal/Vertical flows
Cooling/Horizontal flow
Heating/Vertical flow
Anemostat Model
|47© Cradle North America
Anemostat model with radial outlet placed in a large space can be simplified for less
calculation load.
Evaluation on detailed local flow near anemostat is not available with this model. For cooling analysis, anemostat model must be divided as given above for inflow calculation accuracy.
Direction & distribution of inflow from anemostat inlet vary with
model shape & operation mode.
Detailed analysis requires enormous amount of mesh
Modeling enables calculation with less mesh amount & calculation load
Simplified condition set-up Not pursued accuracy
(physical phenomenon is ignored)
*Excerpt from the case presented by Shinryo Corporation at the 15th Cradle Users Conference (October 2005)
*Handbook of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineering, 13th Edition 2, p.578
*Modeling method by Shinryo Corporation.
Round shape
Flow direction:Cooling- HorizontalHeating- Vertical
Note
Required mesh division number during cooling analysis:4 elements (2x2x1) 9 elements (3x3x1)
Angular shape
Anemostat model
Angular shapeRound shape
Anemostat Model
|48© Cradle North America
Anemostat Model
|49© Cradle North America
A new air conditioner part, linear diffuser model, has been implemented.
The linear diffuser model can be used as a supply air opening of an air conditioner unit (flow rate).
HVAC Linear Diffuser Model
|50© Cradle North America
Dew condensation & evaporation in a bathroom
Humidity, dew condensation and evaporation
Functions: Humidity Analysis
|51© Cradle North America
Smoke diffusion from two chimneys with different conditions
Fixed velocity1.0[m/s]
Chimney HSmoke qty.3[l/s]
Chimney LSmoke qty.1[l/s]
Fixed static pressure 0.0[m/s]
Diffusion
Functions: Diffusion Analysis
|52© Cradle North America
Velocity vector Marker particle & temperature contour
Mass particle & temperature contour with turbulent diffusion
Particle tracking of jet flow
Not only to visualize unsteady flow, but to simulate particle-flow interaction.
Maker particle
Mass particle
Particle motions diffusion affect
Functions: Particle Tracking Function
|53© Cradle North America53
Particle analysis with reaction
Simulation of spray cooling
Cooling by evaporation of sprayed liquid.
Movements of liquid drops are expressed by
particles.
Analysis of particle tracking with reaction can be calculated
Functions: Particle Analysis
|54© Cradle North America
VOF method MARS method
Change in surface by capillary action
Face Opening ratio: 0
Initial water level
Shape recognition by VOF method
In VOF methodInitial shape
Simulate surface motions of fluid by influences of gravity and surface tension
– VOF method:solves a single fluid in scSTREAM.
– MARS method:determines surface geometry based on the volume fraction of fluid (VOF). Solves 2 different fluids simultaneously.
Free surface
VOF method – Accurately calculates the fluid volume fraction in
computation grids.
– Difficult to capture a precise interface between fluids due to lack of information about interface shape.
Functions: Multiphase Flow Analysis
|55© Cradle North America
Only one out of two phases to be solved: To ignore unnecessary phase to be solved in order to keep analysis region minimum
To set larger time interval
Single phase MARS method (Liquid phase only)
Water gate with a dam
Note
– Precise volume conservation
– Precise shape conservation
– Continued volume fraction of fluid on computational element surfaces
– Combination analysis with particle tracking method for dispersed objects & smaller than mesh size (e.g. bubbles or droplets)
– Coupling analysis with arbitrary shaped object by using stationary VOS model
– Single fluid simulation is available
– Single phase: less computational load and calculation time
– Advantage of MARS method: precise conservations of volume fraction & shape
For transient analysis only.
Setting VOF value of inflow fluid for Inlet condition.
During solving pressure equation, setting number
smaller than default (1000) for matrix iteration
may be a cause of divergent or failure to get the
right pressure.
MARS method
Functions: Multiphase Flow Analysis
|56© Cradle North America
Calculate scales of ventilation efficiency to find the effective ventilation condition
Evaluation of ventilation efficiency in a room
Inlet (air supply)
Outlet
Age o
f air
Lifetime
of air
Inlet
OutletOutlet
Inlet 1
Inlet contribution rate of Inlet 1
index to see how good specific Inlet / Outlet contributes at specific region when existing multiple ventilation openings.
Index for age of air
Scales for ventilation efficiency by solving diffusion
– Normalized concentration in occupied zone: Mean concentration of contaminants in a specified region. Smaller value indicates better ventilation.
– Index for age of air: Time taken for supplied air from inlet to reach a particular point.
– Index for residual life time of air:Time taken for air to reach from a particular point to outlet
– Inlet contribution ratio:
– Outlet contribution ratio:
Resid
ual lifetim
e of air
Evaluation of ventilation efficiency
Functions: Ventilation Efficiency Analysis
|57© Cradle North America
Air conditioner is regarded as circulatory flow.
Enhanced Ventilation Efficiency Index
OFF ON
Supply air openingReturn air opening
Age of Air increases due to circulatory flow.
Index of age of air
|58© Cradle North America
Large index for age of air= Low ventilation efficiency
Circling airflow
= Not ventilated well
Functions: Ventilation Efficiency Analysis
|59© Cradle North America
Streamlines:
Small index for age of air
= High ventilation efficiency
No circling airflow= Ventilated well
Added
Functions: Ventilation Efficiency Analysis
|60© Cradle North America
P-Q characteristics that is applied to boundary condition of fan simplifies the calculation of flow. Different flow patterns by rotation effect can be considered.
解析結果
P-Q characteristics represent fan capacity; relationship between pressure difference
across a fan & mass flow rate
Computation time: 23 min.
Centrifugal flow
22 min.
Axial FlowMixed flow(radial & axial)
30 min.
*Steady state analysis*Number of mesh: 430,272*Machine spec: Pentium4 2GHz
Flow volume [Less] [More]
Streamline plots by flow rate differences
Centrifugal-effect fan model
Functions: Fan Model
|61© Cradle North America
Calculate assessment index of wind environment based on Murakami Index by setting conditions in scSTREAM through VB interface operation.
The source code of VBScript is disclosed. No modified or edited source code is supported under Cradle’s support service.
Sttools function
[Tools]-[WindTool]
3. Calculate assessment index.
Note
1. Create a CAB file containing building information data. Wind flux condition is not necessary.
2. Set analysis domain. Set wind conditions in 16 directions.Execute solver.
4. Visualize and check a result with index.
WindTool: assessment tool for wind environment
Functions: Assessment of Wind Environment
|62© Cradle North America
Sttools function
3. Calculate assessment index.
1. Create a CAB file containing building information data. Wind flux condition is not necessary.
2. Set analysis domain. Set wind conditions in 16 directions.Execute solver.
4. Visualize and check a result with index.
Murakami Index:
Based on occurrence frequency of strong wind.
Exceedance frequency of daily maximum instantaneous wind
velocity is calculated on 3 scales. The assessed rank of wind
environment is determined from 3 stages by the result.
WindTool: assessment tool for wind environment
Functions: Assessment of Wind Environment
|63© Cradle North America
Sttools function
3. Calculate assessment index.
1. Create a CAB file containing building information data. Wind flux condition is not necessary.
2. Set analysis domain. Set wind conditions in 16 directions.Execute solver.
4. Visualize and check a result with index.
WindTool: assessment tool for wind environment
Functions: Assessment of Wind Environment
|64© Cradle North America
1. Create a CAB file containing building information data. 2. Set wind conditions in 16 directions.
Execute solver.3. Calculate assessment index.4. visualize and check a result
with index.
WindTool: assessment tool for wind environment
Murakami Index: One of wind environment assessment indices with the consideration of 16 wind directions, probabilities of wind direction and wind strength
Sttools function
Functions: Assessment of Wind Environment
|65© Cradle North America
Enables users to run simulations with varied conditions which is unavailable in scSTREAM standard set-ups.
Inlet: slits
Outlet: fanHeat source (copper)
Heat value: UDF
Simulation of a heat source depends on ambient temperature
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2
Log (absolute temp.)
Heat value(W/m3)
[mil.]
Log(Absolute temp.)
Heat value(w/m3)
2.4362 1.0X105
2.5092 2.0X105
2.6749 2.5X105
3.1048 2.7X105
Temperature-dependent heat value[Source Condition]-[Volumetric Source Condition] tab-[Volumetric heat source] dialog -check [User-Defined Function] & click [Details] -register the following UDF;
a=TEMP+[273.0]
b=log(a)
Result=tbl(@T:<table name>,b)
Velocity Temperature
User-defined functions (UDF)
Functions: User-Defined Functions
|66© Cradle North America
Customize to run calculations in the background of Office products
Benefits
Interface to the Office environment:
allowing users minimum-setting operations in the familiar Office environment to them
Automation of operation procedures:
reducing time- & effort-consuming operations such as minor geometry changes and mass calculations in different condition
Flexible customization at users’ convenience:
enabling users to build operation system depending on analysis objects and conditions
Set parameters in the Excel file
Create geometry to visualizing results with automated operations in the
background
A simulation result is output on the Excel file
*VBA: Microsoft’s event-driven programming language to enhance functions of Office products.*VBS: Microsoft’s active scripting language used in Microsoft Windows and Internet Information Server.
Customized automation with VBA* & VBS*
Internet Explorer
Microsoft Excel
Functions: VB Interface
|67© Cradle North America
TemperatureAbsolute humidity
Ou
tdo
or
Ind
oo
r
Ou
tdo
or
Ind
oo
r
Outdoor Indoor
32 ℃90%RH
25 ℃10%RH
Hot & Humid
Mu
lti-
laye
r w
all
Absorption and desorption of moisture by humidity control material such as stucco can be simulated with the consideration of ; absorption/desorption of moisture moisture conductivity latent heat of vaporization(interaction between moisture and heat)
Functions: Humidity Transfer in Solids
|68© Cradle North America
Cut cell method approximates a curved surface using polyhedrons.
– If the resolution is improved, the standard staircase approximation can be used.
If mesh resolution is sufficient
Functions: Cut Cell Meshing Method
|69© Cradle North America
Problems with staircase approximation (part 1)
– Does resistance occur even when freeslipconditions are set for walls?
A horseshoe-shaped rectangular duct is analyzed.
When freeslip conditions are set for the walls and no separation occurs in the passage, the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet should be zero!
※ From Function example 23-1
Functions: Cut Cell Meshing Method
|70© Cradle North America
Pressure [Pa] Pressure [Pa]
With staircase approximation, poor accuracy of part shape causes high pressure loss.
Pressure distribution for cut cell method
※ Criteria parameter of cutcell method is set to 0.01.
ΔP=0.98 [Pa] ΔP=0.0088 [Pa]
Pressure increases due to flow impinging
on solid wall
Pressure drops due to rapid
change of flow direction
Pressure distribution forstaircase approximation
Functions: Cut Cell Meshing Method
|71© Cradle North America
Can be used for accurate representation of curved geometry.
– If the resolution is improved, the standard staircase approximation can be used.
Functions: Cut Cell Meshing Method
|72© Cradle North America 72
Finite Element Model using hexa or tetra
elements on top of Cartesian grids
Functions: Finite Element Modeling
|73© Cradle North America
Solar radiation effects is considered as a heat source term in the energy equation, after specifying locations where the radiation affects.
Indoor temperature change by solar radiation( 10 am to 3 pm)
PartitionWindowTransmittance:100%
Temperature distribution
All fluid is set as 100% transmission. Influence on other objects by reflected solar radiation is neglected.
10:05 am
12:30 pm 3:00 pm(Transient analysis, 5 hours)
Note
Solve temperature distribution considering influence of solar radiation.
Solar radiation
Functions: Solar Radiation Analysis
|74© Cradle North America
Insolation of each part
Direct solar radiation
e.g., Insolation (14:30p.m.)
Table: Corresponding relationship between part
number and name
Part# P/N
1 Partition
2 Outer wall_Xmax
3 Outer wall_Ymax
4 Outer wall_Xmin
5 Outer wall_Ymin
6 Inner wall_Xmax
7 Inner wall_Ymax
8 Floor
9 Inner ceiling
10 Inner wall_Xmin
11 Inner wall_Ymin
Outer wall_Xmin
WindowA
WindowB
Inner wall_Xmin
(mm)
PartitionOuter wall_Ymin
Outer wall_Xmax
Inner wall_Ymax
Outer wall_Ymax
Consideration of sky solar radiation enables the user to treat the rigorous reflection.
Direct solar radiation (Diffused reflection is considered) + Sky solar radiation
Contour map of surface temperature(Transient analysis)[30 min]
Insolation (W/m2)0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Insola
tio
n[W
]
Part number
Reflectance of the ground surface of sky solar radiation
Insolation of sky solar radiation
Diffuse reflectance of direct solar radiation
Insolation of direct solar radiation
Flow, heat, and solar radiation with/without considering the effect of sky solar radiation are analyzed by using the solar radiation function.
Obtains temperature distribution considering the effect of sky solar radiation as well as direct solar radiation.Sky solar radiation = Solar radiation that reaches to the ground after being diffused and reflected by dust and water vapor in the atmosphere.
Sky solar radiation
Functions: Sky Solar Radiation
|75© Cradle North America
• 2013 ASHRAE Handbook Sampling locations
• (Globally) 5384 locations
(In Japan) 190 locations
Equations for solar radiation:
(Note) Locations with complete annual data are
selected as the sampling locations
6364.1
dbdb
dbdb
m
od
m
ob
h07995.650572.0)hsin(
1m
357.0007.0852.0202.0d
204.0151.0043.0219.1b
eEE
eEEd
d
bb
Daily variation
by ASHRAE][ ;
][ ;
][ ;
][ ;
][ ;
][ ;
][ ;
2
2
2
altitudeSolarh
massAirm
locationondependentdepthopticalDiffuse
locationondependentdepthopticalBeam
WmirradiancehorizontaldiffuseskyClearE
WmirradiancenormalbeamskyClearE
WmfluxradiantstrialExtraterreE
d
b
d
b
o
Functions: Solar Radiation Based on ASHRAE Data
|76© Cradle North America
Example: Solar radiation calculation in Hawaii
Road
Sand
Leaves
TrunkRoof
Seat
Condition region:
porous media
Solar radiation
Trunk & Leaves
Fixed temperature: 25℃
(Note)
The trunk absorbs water and the
leaves release water vapor by
photosynthesis. In other words, the
trunk and leaves combine to keep
the temperature constant.
Wind: ( 0.5 , 1.0 , 0.0 ) m/s13 m
15 m
8 m
15
°
MaterialTrans-
missivityAbsorp-tance
Sand 0 0.3
Road 0 0.4
Roof & Poles 0 0.1
Seat 0 0.3
Trunk 0 0.5
Leaves 0.3 0.7
(Note) Transmissivity is set to leaves.
Functions: Solar Radiation Based on ASHRAE Data
|77© Cradle North America
Grouping for sky solar radiation Flow direction
Functions: Solar Radiation Based on ASHRAE Data
|78© Cradle North America
09:00 12:00
15:00 18:00
Solar radiation heat fluxes
Functions: Solar Radiation Based on ASHRAE Data
|79© Cradle North America
09:00 12:00
15:00 18:00
Surface Temperature(C) Surface Temperature(C)
Surface Temperature(C)Surface Temperature(C)
Surface temperatures
Functions: Solar Radiation Based on ASHRAE Data
|80© Cradle North America
Setting of light sources
Specifying a probe face
– Set an arbitrary virtual face in space to output illuminance.
– The face does not affect the analysis result. Its view factor is calculated.
– The face can also be used to calculate the amount of heat from solar radiation (SUNS) and mean radiant temperature (MRT)
Lighting
* The ceiling is intentionally hidden.Ceiling light
Spotlight
Illuminance at a probe face (height: 1 m)
Only the spotlight is on. All the lights are on.Analysis example
Functions: Illuminance Analysis
|81© Cradle North America
Addition of output variables for illuminance analysis (FOUT_LUMI command)
LMCE: Luminance DA: Daylight autonomy
ILLP: Illuminance of lighting sources cDA: Continuous daylight autonomy
DF: Daylight factor UDI: Useful daylight illuminance(Note) All the variables can be output for probe faces.
For details on the variables, refer to User's Guide Basics of CFD Analysis 2.2.3 Solar radiation (7) Output variables of daylight simulation.
Contour map of DFContour map of ILLP
Functions: Illuminance Analysis