WALTER GROPIUSWALTER GROPIUS

GENERAL INTRODUCTIONGENERAL INTRODUCTIONWALTER GROPIUS FULL NAME - GEORGE WALTER ADOLF WALTER GROPIUS FULL NAME - GEORGE WALTER ADOLF

GROPIUS. GROPIUS.

BORN IN BERLIN ON 18 MAY 1883.BORN IN BERLIN ON 18 MAY 1883.

WAS A GERMAN AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND AN EDUCATOR. WAS A GERMAN AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND AN EDUCATOR.

HE WAS AN INFLUTENTIAL PROPONENT OF MODERN DESIGN HE WAS AN INFLUTENTIAL PROPONENT OF MODERN DESIGN

AND FURTHERED HIS IDEAS THROUGH BAUHAUS SCHOOL AND FURTHERED HIS IDEAS THROUGH BAUHAUS SCHOOL

DESIGN, THROUGH HIS OWN ARCHITECTURAL WORKS AND HIS DESIGN, THROUGH HIS OWN ARCHITECTURAL WORKS AND HIS

LONG YEARS OF TEACHING AT HARVARD. LONG YEARS OF TEACHING AT HARVARD.

HE WAS TAUGHT BY HIS FATHER, HE ALSO WAS AN ARCHITECT HE WAS TAUGHT BY HIS FATHER, HE ALSO WAS AN ARCHITECT

AND LEARNED THE STUDY OF PROPORTIONS WITH ACTUAL AND LEARNED THE STUDY OF PROPORTIONS WITH ACTUAL

ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSIONS BY HIS UNCLE.ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSIONS BY HIS UNCLE.

HE TOOK 7 MONTHS STUDY IN SPAIN AND MET PETER BEHRENS HE TOOK 7 MONTHS STUDY IN SPAIN AND MET PETER BEHRENS

IN 1908 AND WORKED UNDER HIM.IN 1908 AND WORKED UNDER HIM.

IN 1934, HE MOVED TO U.K. LONDON, WHERE HE WAS THE IN 1934, HE MOVED TO U.K. LONDON, WHERE HE WAS THE

CONTROLLER OF DESIGN.CONTROLLER OF DESIGN.

IN 1937, HE DEPARTED LONDON FOR NEW YORK AND HARVARD IN 1937, HE DEPARTED LONDON FOR NEW YORK AND HARVARD

UNIVERSITY.UNIVERSITY.

AT AN AGE WHEN MOST MEN RETIRE, GROPIUS BEGAN HIS AT AN AGE WHEN MOST MEN RETIRE, GROPIUS BEGAN HIS

CARRIER IN FULL VITALITY AND ENTHUSIASIM. CARRIER IN FULL VITALITY AND ENTHUSIASIM.

UNFORTUNATELY, ARCH COMMISIONS DID NOT MATCH WITH UNFORTUNATELY, ARCH COMMISIONS DID NOT MATCH WITH

THAT ENTHUSIASIM.THAT ENTHUSIASIM.

PSYCHOLOGY OF HIS THOUGHTSPSYCHOLOGY OF HIS THOUGHTS

GROPIUS WAS NOT ONLY AN ARCHITECT BUT AN GROPIUS WAS NOT ONLY AN ARCHITECT BUT AN

EDUCATOR TOO, HIS PSYCHOLOGY WAS INFLUENCED EDUCATOR TOO, HIS PSYCHOLOGY WAS INFLUENCED

BY THE CONSTANT SOURCE OF LEARNING AND BY THE CONSTANT SOURCE OF LEARNING AND

IMPARTING THAT KNOWLEDGE AROUND HIMSELF.IMPARTING THAT KNOWLEDGE AROUND HIMSELF.

HIS INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS WERE DIFFERENT IN HIS INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS WERE DIFFERENT IN

THE TEACHING AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY. THE TEACHING AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

HIS DESIGN HAS FULL COMMAND OF THE ELEMENTS HIS DESIGN HAS FULL COMMAND OF THE ELEMENTS

OF ARCHITECTURE, WHICH WERE TO CONSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE, WHICH WERE TO CONSTITUTE

THE INTERNATIONAL MODERN STYLE, THAT IS GLASS THE INTERNATIONAL MODERN STYLE, THAT IS GLASS

CURTAIN WALLS, UNRELEVANT TO BE BIG BLOCK CURTAIN WALLS, UNRELEVANT TO BE BIG BLOCK

AND CORNER LEFT FREE OF VISIBLE SUPPORTS.AND CORNER LEFT FREE OF VISIBLE SUPPORTS.

HE BELIEVED THAT ALL ARTIST MUST BE FAMILIAR HE BELIEVED THAT ALL ARTIST MUST BE FAMILIAR

WITH THE CRAFTS AND INITIAL TRAINING FOR ARTIST WITH THE CRAFTS AND INITIAL TRAINING FOR ARTIST

AND CRAFTMAN SHOULD BE SAME i.e. INTRODUCTION AND CRAFTMAN SHOULD BE SAME i.e. INTRODUCTION

TO FORM, COLOUR, NATURE OF MATERIAL.TO FORM, COLOUR, NATURE OF MATERIAL.

HIS PROGRAMME WAS WRITTEN TO HIS PROGRAMME WAS WRITTEN TO

ENCOURAGE COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS ENCOURAGE COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS

WITH LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND WITH LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND

PLANNING DEPTT. THROUGH PLANNING DEPTT. THROUGH

ORGANANISATION BY STUDENTS ORGANANISATION BY STUDENTS

THEMSELVES.THEMSELVES.

IN THOSE TIMES THE USE OF MACHINE IN THOSE TIMES THE USE OF MACHINE

WAS ENCOURAGED BECAUSE OF THE WAS ENCOURAGED BECAUSE OF THE

PHASE OF INDUSTRILASATION.PHASE OF INDUSTRILASATION.

HE REALIZED THE INTERDEPENDENCE HE REALIZED THE INTERDEPENDENCE

OF MACHINE AND ARCHITECTURE, THUS OF MACHINE AND ARCHITECTURE, THUS

ENCOURAGED THE USE OF ENCOURAGED THE USE OF

PREFABRICATED UNITS.PREFABRICATED UNITS.

IN HIS BELIEF PRE-FABRICATION IS A IN HIS BELIEF PRE-FABRICATION IS A

LOGICAL PROGRESSIVE PROCESS AIMED LOGICAL PROGRESSIVE PROCESS AIMED

AT RISING STANDARD OF BUILDING.AT RISING STANDARD OF BUILDING.

HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTSHARVARD GRADUATE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

IT WAS BUILT AT CAMBRIDGE( 1945-50)IT WAS BUILT AT CAMBRIDGE( 1945-50)

IT IS A GROUP OF EIGHT BUILDINGS ARRANGED AROUND SMALL IT IS A GROUP OF EIGHT BUILDINGS ARRANGED AROUND SMALL AND LARGE COURTYARDS ON THE OXBRIDGE PATTERN, HAS A AND LARGE COURTYARDS ON THE OXBRIDGE PATTERN, HAS A GOOD COMMUNITY FEEL ABOUT IT AND IS HUMANLY SCALED.GOOD COMMUNITY FEEL ABOUT IT AND IS HUMANLY SCALED.

VARIOUS BUILDING HOUSED DORMITORIES, COMMON ROOMS, VARIOUS BUILDING HOUSED DORMITORIES, COMMON ROOMS, REFECTORY AND A LOUNGE CONVERTIBLE INTO A MEETING REFECTORY AND A LOUNGE CONVERTIBLE INTO A MEETING HALL FOR 250 PEOPLE.HALL FOR 250 PEOPLE.

THE DORMITORY BLOCKS ARE CONSTRUCTED IN REINFORCED THE DORMITORY BLOCKS ARE CONSTRUCTED IN REINFORCED CONCRETE AND THE COMMUNITY BUILDINGS IN STEELWORK.CONCRETE AND THE COMMUNITY BUILDINGS IN STEELWORK.

HORIZONTAL EMPHASIS WHICH IS BALANCED BY VERTICALS HORIZONTAL EMPHASIS WHICH IS BALANCED BY VERTICALS TOGETHER WITH THE RECTANGULAR WINDOWS MOVING TOGETHER WITH THE RECTANGULAR WINDOWS MOVING TOWARDS SQUARE AND LARGE AREAS OF PLAIN WALLS TOWARDS SQUARE AND LARGE AREAS OF PLAIN WALLS ALWAYS WELL PROPORTIONED TO CREATE A FEELING OF ALWAYS WELL PROPORTIONED TO CREATE A FEELING OF REPOSE AND SIMPLICITY.REPOSE AND SIMPLICITY.

HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER. HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER. AIR VIEWAIR VIEW

PLAN

HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER, CAMBIDGE, HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER, CAMBIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS,1949MASSACHUSETTS,1949

HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER. GLAZED TILE HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER. GLAZED TILE DESIGN. COMMON ENTRANCE HALL.DESIGN. COMMON ENTRANCE HALL.

HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER. HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER. BRICK MURALBRICK MURAL

HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER. MURAL- MAIN HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER. MURAL- MAIN DINING ROOMDINING ROOM

FAGUS FACTORY ,ALFELD, GERMANYFAGUS FACTORY ,ALFELD, GERMANY

IT WAS BUILT AT ALFELD – AN– DER – LEINE IN IT WAS BUILT AT ALFELD – AN– DER – LEINE IN 1911.1911.IT WAS IN COLLABORATION WITH ADOLF MEYER.IT WAS IN COLLABORATION WITH ADOLF MEYER.IT WAS HIS FIRST INDEPENDENT COMMISSION.IT WAS HIS FIRST INDEPENDENT COMMISSION.MOST STRIKING THING: SIMPLICITY AND MOST STRIKING THING: SIMPLICITY AND CONFIDENCE OF THE ARCHITECTURE.CONFIDENCE OF THE ARCHITECTURE.IN FAGUS WORKS, GROPIUS BROUGHT THE IN FAGUS WORKS, GROPIUS BROUGHT THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE PAST FIFTEEN YEARS. ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE PAST FIFTEEN YEARS. IT WAS DESIGNED BY GROPIUS KEEPING IN MIND IT WAS DESIGNED BY GROPIUS KEEPING IN MIND THE SURROUNDINGS.THE SURROUNDINGS.IT WAS CALLED BY GROPIUS AN ARTISTIC AND IT WAS CALLED BY GROPIUS AN ARTISTIC AND PRACTICAL DESIGN. PRACTICAL DESIGN. FAGUS BUILDING WAS THE FIRST TO EXTRACT FAGUS BUILDING WAS THE FIRST TO EXTRACT THE FULL AESTHETICALLY REVOLUTIONARY THE FULL AESTHETICALLY REVOLUTIONARY IMPACT FROM THE STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT. IMPACT FROM THE STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT. FAGUS STRUCTURE WAS ACTUALLY A HYBRID FAGUS STRUCTURE WAS ACTUALLY A HYBRID CONSTRUCTION OF BRICK COLUMNS, STEEL CONSTRUCTION OF BRICK COLUMNS, STEEL BEAMS AND CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS AND BEAMS AND CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS AND STAIRWAYS.STAIRWAYS.IT WAS A STEEL FRAME SUPPORTING THE IT WAS A STEEL FRAME SUPPORTING THE FLOORS, GLASS SCREEN EXTERNAL WALLS. FLOORS, GLASS SCREEN EXTERNAL WALLS. PILLARS ARE SET BEHIND THE FAÇADE SO THAT PILLARS ARE SET BEHIND THE FAÇADE SO THAT ITS CURTAIN CHARACTER IS FULLY REALIZED. ITS CURTAIN CHARACTER IS FULLY REALIZED.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN- FAGUS SHOE GROUND FLOOR PLAN- FAGUS SHOE FACTORY.THE MODULAR SIMPLICITY IS FACTORY.THE MODULAR SIMPLICITY IS

REPEATED IN THE INTERIORREPEATED IN THE INTERIOR

ELEVATION- FAGUS SHOE FACTORY.ELEVATION- FAGUS SHOE FACTORY.

GLASS SCREEN WAS USED ALL OVER THE WALLS TO GLASS SCREEN WAS USED ALL OVER THE WALLS TO

HAVE PROPER VIEW FROM INSIDE. HAVE PROPER VIEW FROM INSIDE.

WALLS ARE NO LONGER SUPPORTERS OF THE BUILDING WALLS ARE NO LONGER SUPPORTERS OF THE BUILDING

BUT SIMPLE CURTAIN PROJECTING AGAINST INCREMENT BUT SIMPLE CURTAIN PROJECTING AGAINST INCREMENT

WEATHER. WEATHER.

IT WAS DOMINATION OF VOIDS OVER SOLIDS. IT WAS DOMINATION OF VOIDS OVER SOLIDS.

PLANE SURFACES PREDOMINATE IN THIS FACTORY. PLANE SURFACES PREDOMINATE IN THIS FACTORY.

THE GLASS AND WALLS ARE JOINED CLEANLY AT THE THE GLASS AND WALLS ARE JOINED CLEANLY AT THE

CORNERS WITHOUT THE INTERVENTION OF PIERS. CORNERS WITHOUT THE INTERVENTION OF PIERS.

FAGUS FACTORY- IINTERNAL VIEWFAGUS FACTORY- IINTERNAL VIEW

FAGUS FACTORY ENTRANCEFAGUS FACTORY ENTRANCE

EXTERNAL VIEW

GROPIUS HOUSE , LINCLON, MASSACHUSETTSGROPIUS HOUSE , LINCLON, MASSACHUSETTS IT WAS DONE IN PATRNERSHIP WITH MARCEL BRELLER IT WAS DONE IN PATRNERSHIP WITH MARCEL BRELLER IN LINCLON (1937-38 )IN LINCLON (1937-38 )

THERE WAS AN EXTENSIVE USE OF TIMBER REINFORCED THERE WAS AN EXTENSIVE USE OF TIMBER REINFORCED WITH SOME STEEL MEMBERS , LENDS A DIFFERENT AND WITH SOME STEEL MEMBERS , LENDS A DIFFERENT AND SOFTER CHARACTER TO THE BUILDING.SOFTER CHARACTER TO THE BUILDING.

TIMBER CLADDING WAS HUNG VERTICALLY.TIMBER CLADDING WAS HUNG VERTICALLY.

INCONSISTENT USE OF ELEMENTS LIKE SPIRAL STAIR TO INCONSISTENT USE OF ELEMENTS LIKE SPIRAL STAIR TO ROOF TERRACE AND SUN LOUNGE.ROOF TERRACE AND SUN LOUNGE.

THE PLAN WAS WITHOUT CORRIDORS AND ESSENTIALLY THE PLAN WAS WITHOUT CORRIDORS AND ESSENTIALLY A COMPACT , FUNCTIONAL SOLUTION TO THE A COMPACT , FUNCTIONAL SOLUTION TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF MODERN HOUSE PLANNING. REQUIREMENTS OF MODERN HOUSE PLANNING.

GROPIUS HOUSE, LINCLON, MASSACHUSETTSGROPIUS HOUSE, LINCLON, MASSACHUSETTS

FIRST FLOOR PLANFIRST FLOOR PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN GROUND FLOOR PLAN

GROPIUS HOUSE , LINCLON ,GROPIUS HOUSE , LINCLON ,

MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS

GARDEN ELEVATION-GARDEN ELEVATION-

EXTERIOR VIEW FROM SOUTHEXTERIOR VIEW FROM SOUTH

GROPIUS HOUSE-GROPIUS HOUSE-

LIVING AND DINING ROOMLIVING AND DINING ROOM

BAUHAUS, DESSAU, GERMANYBAUHAUS, DESSAU, GERMANY

DESIGNED BY GROPIUS AND HIS PARTNER DESIGNED BY GROPIUS AND HIS PARTNER MEYER WITH CERTAIN AMOUNTOF MEYER WITH CERTAIN AMOUNTOF PARTICIPATION FROM STUDENTS.PARTICIPATION FROM STUDENTS.

THE COMPLEX CONSISTS OF FIVE MAIN THE COMPLEX CONSISTS OF FIVE MAIN ELEMENTS FULLY GLAZED 3 STOREYED:ELEMENTS FULLY GLAZED 3 STOREYED:

WORKSHOP BLOCK.WORKSHOP BLOCK.TEACHING BLOCK. TEACHING BLOCK. SOCIAL AREAS.SOCIAL AREAS.A 5-STOREYED STUDY BLOCK.A 5-STOREYED STUDY BLOCK.AN ADMINISTRATIVE WING SPANNING THE AN ADMINISTRATIVE WING SPANNING THE ROADWAYROADWAY

TO PRODUCE A SEPARATION OF EACH OF THESE TO PRODUCE A SEPARATION OF EACH OF THESE FUNCTIONS FROM OTHERS, AT THE SAME TIME FUNCTIONS FROM OTHERS, AT THE SAME TIME NOT ISOLATING THEM BUT BRINGING THEM NOT ISOLATING THEM BUT BRINGING THEM TOGETHER INTO EFFICIENT INTEGRATION.TOGETHER INTO EFFICIENT INTEGRATION.

WORKSHOPS NOTICEABLY MORE INDUSTRIAL, WORKSHOPS NOTICEABLY MORE INDUSTRIAL, PARTICULARLY IN THEIR WINDOW PARTICULARLY IN THEIR WINDOW

THE SQUARE PENALLED METAL WINDOWS ARE THE SQUARE PENALLED METAL WINDOWS ARE TYPICAL OF MASS PRODUCED INDUSTRIAL TYPICAL OF MASS PRODUCED INDUSTRIAL UNITS.UNITS.

BLOCK VIEW OF BAUHAUS BUILDING:BLOCK VIEW OF BAUHAUS BUILDING:1. WORKSHOP1. WORKSHOP2. DINING HALL 2. DINING HALL 3. STUDIO WORKSHOP3. STUDIO WORKSHOP4. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE4. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE5. TRADE SCHOOL5. TRADE SCHOOL

BAUHAUS, DESSAU PLANBAUHAUS, DESSAU PLAN

AESTHETICALLY BAUHAUS WAS AN ADVANCED AESTHETICALLY BAUHAUS WAS AN ADVANCED BUILDING BUT TECHNOLOGICALLY- PROBABLY BUILDING BUT TECHNOLOGICALLY- PROBABLY BECAUSE OF THE LIMITED FUNDS, IT WAS ,SOMEWAY BECAUSE OF THE LIMITED FUNDS, IT WAS ,SOMEWAY BEHIND THE CONTEMPORARY WORKS.BEHIND THE CONTEMPORARY WORKS.

BAUHAUS IS ENCLOSED BY GLASS CURTAINS BAUHAUS IS ENCLOSED BY GLASS CURTAINS

THE CURTAIN GLASS WALLING WAS FIRST USED IN THE CURTAIN GLASS WALLING WAS FIRST USED IN FAGUS FACTORY -1911 AND THEN USED WITH CERTAIN FAGUS FACTORY -1911 AND THEN USED WITH CERTAIN REFINEMENT.REFINEMENT.

THE WHOLE CUBE SEEMS LIKE TO IMMENSE THE WHOLE CUBE SEEMS LIKE TO IMMENSE HORIZONTAL PLAINS FLOATING ON THE GROUND.HORIZONTAL PLAINS FLOATING ON THE GROUND.

GIANT LIGHT CUBE DAZZLING WHITE LIGHT FROM GIANT LIGHT CUBE DAZZLING WHITE LIGHT FROM EVERY WALL.EVERY WALL.

THE HIGH GLASS WALLS REVEALING THE LIGHT STEEL THE HIGH GLASS WALLS REVEALING THE LIGHT STEEL STRUCTURE…. DELINEATED IN ALL ITS TRANSPARENCY STRUCTURE…. DELINEATED IN ALL ITS TRANSPARENCY BY THE IRON GRID OF ITS EXTERIOR STRUCTURE.BY THE IRON GRID OF ITS EXTERIOR STRUCTURE.

WORKSHOP WING WORKSHOP WING

------

FIRST FLOOR PLANFIRST FLOOR PLAN1. WORKSHOP1. WORKSHOP2. DINING HALL 2. DINING HALL 3. STUDIO WORKSHOP3. STUDIO WORKSHOP4. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE4. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE5. TRADE SCHOOL5. TRADE SCHOOL

GROUND FLOOR PLANGROUND FLOOR PLAN

VIEW OF THE COMPLEX IN WHICH THE ELEVATIONS VIEW OF THE COMPLEX IN WHICH THE ELEVATIONS SHOW THE LINEAR NATURE OF THE INDIVIDUAL SHOW THE LINEAR NATURE OF THE INDIVIDUAL STRUCTURES.STRUCTURES.

THE COMPLEX IS DIVIDED INTO THREE MAIN WINGS.THE COMPLEX IS DIVIDED INTO THREE MAIN WINGS.

THE STUDIO APARTMENTS ARE CONNECTED BY THE STUDIO APARTMENTS ARE CONNECTED BY AUDITORIUM, CANTEEN, KITCHENS AND GYMNASIUM TO AUDITORIUM, CANTEEN, KITCHENS AND GYMNASIUM TO THE LONG NARROW THE LONG NARROW

THE WING ON LEFT IS THE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND THE WING ON LEFT IS THE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND CRAFTS, WING ON THE RIGHT ACCOMMODATE THE CRAFTS, WING ON THE RIGHT ACCOMMODATE THE WORKSHOP.WORKSHOP.

2 2 33

4 4

1155

FAÇADE OF THE STUDENTS STUDIO FAÇADE OF THE STUDENTS STUDIO APARTMENTS WITH THEIR CANTILEVERED APARTMENTS WITH THEIR CANTILEVERED

BALCONIES AND LARGE OPENINGS BALCONIES AND LARGE OPENINGS GENERAL VIEW OF THE BAUHAUS GENERAL VIEW OF THE BAUHAUS

BUILDING BUILDING

BAUHAUS, DESSAU. STUDENT’S BAUHAUS, DESSAU. STUDENT’S STUDIOS IN FOREGROUND STUDIOS IN FOREGROUND

BAUHAUS, DESSAU. ADMINISTRATION WING BAUHAUS, DESSAU. ADMINISTRATION WING OVER THE STREET, CONNECTING THE SCHOOL OVER THE STREET, CONNECTING THE SCHOOL

DIVISIONS.DIVISIONS.

BAUHAUS, DESSAU. INTERIOR, WORKSHOP.

BAUHAUS, DESSAU. INTERIOR, BAUHAUS, DESSAU. INTERIOR, CORRIDOR AND STAIRS CORRIDOR AND STAIRS

BAUHAUS, DESSAU INTERIOR, DIRECTORS BAUHAUS, DESSAU INTERIOR, DIRECTORS OFFICEOFFICE..

BAUHAUS, DESSAU. INTERIOR, STUDENTS BAUHAUS, DESSAU. INTERIOR, STUDENTS WORK AND BEDROOMWORK AND BEDROOM

BAUHAUS, DESSAU. INTERIOR, AUDITORIUM BAUHAUS, DESSAU. INTERIOR, AUDITORIUM

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

GROPIUS IS RECOGNIZED AS ONE OF THE FOUR PIONEERS OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE, THE OTHERS BEING GROPIUS IS RECOGNIZED AS ONE OF THE FOUR PIONEERS OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE, THE OTHERS BEING

MIES VAN DER ROHE, FRANK LYOD WRIGHT AND LE-CORBUSIER.MIES VAN DER ROHE, FRANK LYOD WRIGHT AND LE-CORBUSIER.

GROPIUS WAS A FUNCTIONLIST MOST OF HIS BUILDINGS IN GERMANY, ENGLAND AND AMERICA ARE GROPIUS WAS A FUNCTIONLIST MOST OF HIS BUILDINGS IN GERMANY, ENGLAND AND AMERICA ARE

CONSTRUCTED THAT AIM TO BE LOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF PURPOSE FOR INSTANCE:IMPINGTON CONSTRUCTED THAT AIM TO BE LOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF PURPOSE FOR INSTANCE:IMPINGTON

VALLAGE SCHOOL, HARVARD GRADUATE CENTRE.VALLAGE SCHOOL, HARVARD GRADUATE CENTRE.

GROPIUS WAS QUICK TO SEE THE ADVANTAGES OF ECONOMY IN THE BUILDINGS.GROPIUS WAS QUICK TO SEE THE ADVANTAGES OF ECONOMY IN THE BUILDINGS.

GROPIUS WAS EXPERIMENTED IN HIS PROJECTS.GROPIUS WAS EXPERIMENTED IN HIS PROJECTS.

BEING AN EDUCATOR HIS NATURE MADE HIM READY TO LISTEN TO OTHERS AND GIVE THEM THEIR FULL DUE. BEING AN EDUCATOR HIS NATURE MADE HIM READY TO LISTEN TO OTHERS AND GIVE THEM THEIR FULL DUE.

HE WAS ALWAYS READY TO CONSULT AND LEARN FROM OTHERS.HE WAS ALWAYS READY TO CONSULT AND LEARN FROM OTHERS.

GROPIUS WAS A CLASSICIST AS HIS MOST BEAUTIFUL BUILDINGS PROVE e.g.: HOUSES BUILT IN BAUHAUS.GROPIUS WAS A CLASSICIST AS HIS MOST BEAUTIFUL BUILDINGS PROVE e.g.: HOUSES BUILT IN BAUHAUS.

ALMOST ALL HIS BUILDINGS HAVE A SLIGHT HORIZONTAL EMPHASIS- BALANCED BY VERTICALS TOGETHER ALMOST ALL HIS BUILDINGS HAVE A SLIGHT HORIZONTAL EMPHASIS- BALANCED BY VERTICALS TOGETHER

WITH THE RECTANGULAR WINDOWS MOVING TOWARDS SQUARES AND LARGE AREAS OF PLAIN WALLS WITH THE RECTANGULAR WINDOWS MOVING TOWARDS SQUARES AND LARGE AREAS OF PLAIN WALLS

ALWAYS WELL-PROPORTIONED CREATE A FEELING OF CLASSIC REPOSE AND SIMPLICITY.ALWAYS WELL-PROPORTIONED CREATE A FEELING OF CLASSIC REPOSE AND SIMPLICITY.

ALMOST ALL HIS BUILDINGS HAVE FLAT ROOFS. IT WAS NOT ONLY AESTHETICALLY THAT HE LIKED THE FLAT ALMOST ALL HIS BUILDINGS HAVE FLAT ROOFS. IT WAS NOT ONLY AESTHETICALLY THAT HE LIKED THE FLAT

ROOF- HE ALSO REALIZED ITS FUNCTIONAL ADVANTAGE IN FREEDOM OF PLANNING. ROOF- HE ALSO REALIZED ITS FUNCTIONAL ADVANTAGE IN FREEDOM OF PLANNING.