presentation by: pearl sidhu g.p.c.g. pta. introduction walter adolph georg gropius (may 18, 1883...
TRANSCRIPT
WALTER GROPIUS
HIS LIFE,PHILOSPHY AND WORKS
PRESENTATION BY:
PEARL SIDHU
G.P.C.G. PTA
INTRODUCTION
• Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (May 18, 1883 – July 5,
1969) was a German architect and founder of the
Bauhaus School, who, along with Ludwig Mies van der
Rohe, Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer, is widely
regarded as one of the pioneering masters of
modern architecture.
• Gropius was founder of the Bauhaus and one of the most
influential architects of the 20th century.
WALTER GROPIUS
Birth- Walter Adolph Georg Gropius 18 May (1883) Berlin, German Empire
Nationality-German/American Awards-AIA Gold Medal(1959) ,
Goethe Prize(1961) Death- 5JULY
1969,Boston,Mass.(U.S) .
• WALTER GROPIUS
Walter Gropius ( 1919).
EARLY CAREER
• Walter Gropius, like his father and his great-uncle Martin Gropius before him, became an architect. Gropius could not draw, and was dependent on collaborators and partner-interpreters throughout his career.
• In school he hired an assistant to complete his homework for him.
• In 1908 Gropius found employment with the firm of Peter Behrens, one of the first members of the utilitarian school.
• His fellow employees at this time included Ludwig Mies Vander Rohe, Le Corbusier, Dietrich Marcks.
WALTER GROPIUS
• Fagus Factory- (1910-1911)
• Werkbund Exhibition- (1914)
• Bauhaus- (1919-1933)
• Gropius House- (1937)
• University of Baghdad• Harvard Graduate Center-(1950)• J .F. Kennedy Federal Building-(1966)
• Pan Am Building - (1963)
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HIS PROJECTS
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FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
• "Gropius's first large building in Alfred on the Leine in 1911... was materialized due to his connection , with Peter Behrens
• The starting point for the young architect was the already existing site plan, the ground plan, and construction plans of the architect Eduard Werner, as well as the foundation, which had already been laid.
• A loan from the American United Shoe Machinery Corporation made the construction possible in 1911, and continued until 1912 step by step under the new concept of Walter Gropius.
• The whole operational procedure was newly thought through, according to the inner functions, and then articulated in a three-dimensional form.
FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
• The Fagus Factory a shoe last factory in Alfeld on the Leine in Germany, is an important example of early modern architecture.
• Commissioned by owner Carl Benscheidt who wanted a radical structure to express the company's break from the past, the factory was designed by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer.
• It was constructed between 1911 and 1913, with additions and interiors completed in 1925.
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FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
• For the first time a complete brick facade is conceived in glass
• The supporting piers are reduced to narrow mullions of brick
• The corners are left without any support
• The expression of the flat roof has also changed
• The large expanses of clear glass, the usual hard separation of exterior and interior is annihilated. WALTER GROPIUS
FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
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• The client's wish for an attractive facade was �solved by Gropius in a special way: by means of a projected steel skeleton, which pulled the function of support to the inside, thereby making possible a broad dissolution of the exterior envelope into glass walls; the idea of the 'curtain wall' was at this point first expressed in a consistent manner
THE BAUHAUS• The Staatliches Bauhaus commonly known simply as
Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught.
• It operated from 1919 to 1933.• At that time the German term Bauhaus literally "house of
construction", stood for "School of Building”• Walter Adolph Georg Gropius is the founder of the
Bauhaus School,along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture
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THE BAUHAUS• In spite of its name, and the fact that its founder was an
architect; the Bauhaus did not have an architecture department during the first years of its existence
• Nonetheless it was founded with the idea of creating a "total" work of art in which all arts, including architecture, would eventually be brought together.
• The Bauhaus style became one of the most influential currents in Modernist architecture and modern design.
WALTER GROPIUSThe Bauhaus Dessau
THE BAUHAUS• The Bauhaus had a profound influence upon subsequent
developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and typography(letter press printing)
• The school existed in three German cities (Weimar from 1919 to 1925, Dessau from 1925 to 1932 and Berlin from 1932 to 1933), under three different architect-directors: Walter Gropius from 1919 to 1928, Hannes Meyer from 1928 to 1930 and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe from 1930 until 1933, when the school was closed by its own leadership under pressure from the Nazi regime.
• The changes of venue and leadership resulted in a constant shifting of focus, technique, instructors, and politics
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THE BAUHAUS• ARCHITECTURAL OUTPUT :• The Bauhaus style, also known as the International Style, was
marked by the absence of ornamentation and by harmony between the function of an object or a building and its design.
• Students architectural work amounted to un-built projects, interior finishes, and craft work like cabinets, chairs and pottery
• The architectural focus shifted away from aesthetics and towards functionality
• One of the main objectives of the Bauhaus was to unify art, craft, and technology. the modern day "Basic Design" course that has become one of the key foundational courses offered in architectural and design schools across the globe.
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THE BAUHAUS– The Bauhaus had a major impact on art and architecture
trends in Western Europe, the United States, Canada and Israel
– One of the most important contributions of the Bauhaus is in the field of modern furniture design
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GROPIUS HOUSE• The Gropius House was the family residence of noted
architect Walter Gropius at 68 Baker Bridge Road, Lincoln, Massachusetts.
• He designed it in 1937, when he came to teach at Harvard University's Graduate School of Design, and it was built in 1938
• The house caused a sensation when built. In keeping with Bauhaus philosophy, every aspect of the house and its surrounding landscape was planned for maximum efficiency and simplicity.
• Gropius carefully sited the house to complement its New England habitat on a rise within an orchard of 90 apple
trees.
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GROPIUS HOUSE• Two bathrooms • Lounge • Study • Wardrobe • Kitchen • Room service • Spiral staircase • Porch • Floor
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GROPIUS HOUSE• The materials used
were wooden tablets on the walls, brick, steel to the forges as stairs, pergolas, balustrades, columns and ornamental porches lined with sheet metal building, the foundation stone and flooring, as well as laminated glass for the woodwork and glass block to shed light on some points
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Lobby Three bedrooms Terrace
Study Two bathrooms
GROPIUS HOUSE
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• Set amid fields, forests, and farmhouses, the Gropius House mixes up the traditional materials of New England architecture (wood, brick, and fieldstone) with industrial materials such as glass block, acoustic plaster, and chrome banisters.
GROPIUS HOUSE• The house structure
consists of a traditional New England post and beam wooden frame, sheathed with white painted tongue and grove vertical siding. Traditional clapboards are used in the interior foyer, but are applied vertically.
WALTER GROPIUSGropius House, view from rear side
GROPIUS HOUSE• On this floor access is
diagonal, under a porch that welcomes visitors, here Gropius used hollow glass block to give privacy to the lobby
• The bathrooms in both the plans and in the top group in the north corner where there is no just views
• The spaces such as dining and living area, are next to the center of the house which is located a stone fireplace. WALTER GROPIUS
GROPIUS HOUSE
•On the back porch is located one space covering the porch with stone flooring.
•It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000
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GROPIUS HOUSE• The plan above is accessed from the main staircase to the
lobby which leads to the bedrooms, study and terrace. • In the back of the house, a pergola performs the function of
double height covered terrace which allows the lighting in the dining room.
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GROPIUS HOUSE
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All family possessions are still in place, including a remarkable collection of furniture designed by Marcel Breuer and made in the Bauhaus workshops.
PAN AM BUILDING• The PAN AM Building is a skyscraper located at 200
Park Avenue at East 45th Street above Grand Central Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
• Built in 1958–63 as the Pan Am Building, then headquarters of Pan American World Airways, it was designed by Emery Roth & Sons, Pietro Belluschi and Walter Gropius in the International style, and is one of the fifty tallest buildings in the United States.
• When it opened on March 7, 1963 the Pan Am Building was the largest commercial office space in the world.
• It bore 15' tall "Pan Am" displays on its north and south faces and 25' tall globe logos east and west.
• The Pan Am Building is an e.g. of an International
Style skyscraper. WALTER GROPIUS
PAN AM BUILDING
• It is purely commercial in design with large floors, simple massing, with an absence of ornamentation inside and out
• The building previously had helicopter service to Pan Am's terminal at John F. Kennedy International Airport, a 7-to-10-minute flight from the rooftop helipad. .
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PAN AM BUILDING• The design is inspired by never built Grand Central Terminal
project from Le Corbusier and by the slender Pirelli Tower in Milan
• It consisted of a tower of 49 stories resting on a 10 story base. • The exterior is covered with concrete panels to strengthen the
building visually. • The 246 meter / 808ft tall building was completed in 1963 and
incorporates an immense 390,700 m2 office space. • Originally the project was called Grand Central City, but was
renamed in 1960 after its main tenant, the Pan American Airways.
• In 1981 the building was sold to Metlife insurance company for $400 million and is since called Metlife Building.
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HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER-CAMBRIDGE-1950
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HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER
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•Harvard's new Graduate Center has eight buildings arranged to enclose a series of large and small quadrangles.• No building is more than four stories high; construction is of concrete with exterior walls of buff-colored brick or limestone
• The group of eight buildings arranged round small and large courtyards on the Oxbridge pattern has a good community feel about it and is humanly scaled.
• The various buildings house dormitories, common-rooms, refectory and a lounge convertible into a meeting hall for 250 people
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HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER
HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER• The dormitory blocks are
constructed in reinforced concrete and the community buildings in steelwork.
• The planning of the dormitories is of the conventional central-corridor type with single and double rooms off either side."
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J.F. KENNEDY FEDERAL BUILDING-1966
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J.F. KENNEDY FEDERAL BUILDING
• The John F. Kennedy Federal Building in Boston, Massachusetts, is one of the federal government's most noteworthy Modern designs
• Master architect Walter Gropius and his firm The Architects Collaborative (TAC) designed the complex with the assistance of Boston architect Samuel Glaser
• Technically one building, it consists of twin 26-story high-rise towers, which sit on axis to each other, and a low, 4-story building.
• This combination of tall towers paired with low buildings is a common Modern form that is used extensively throughout the United States and abroad.
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J.F. KENNEDY FEDERAL BUILDING
• The building occupies only 45 percent of the 4.6-acre site. The remaining portion contains terraces, plazas, extensive landscaping, a sunken patio, and driveways
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J.F. KENNEDY FEDERAL BUILDING
• The double towers increase the number of offices lit by natural light and decrease the visual bulk that a single monolithic building would create. The building contains 839,000 square feet
• The exterior of the towers is constructed of pre-cast reinforced concrete.
• The lower sections are faced with polished granite. • All aluminum work has a dark anodized finish in a medium
gray tone, which the architects designed to contrast with the white concrete facade.
• Overall, the exterior lacks ornamentation, instead displaying a stark functionality.
• ..
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J.F. KENNEDY FEDERAL BUILDING• Bands of windows wrap
around the towers; corner windows have rounded edges..
• The tops of the towers are distinguished by metal louvers An exposed glass atrium connects the two towers at the ground level.
• A glass-enclosed walkway connects the four-story building to the towers.
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DESIGN PHILOSPHY AND ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
• One of the most influential architects of the twentieth century, German-born Gropius founded the world-renowned Bauhaus school in Weimar, Germany, in 1919
• He is credited with bringing the International Style of architecture to the United States and for promulgating Modernist design principles
• Gropius's Modern designs make no reference to regional or local architectural influences.
• Uniting new social demands with advanced technological possibilities, he radically simplified building design. Building forms were basic and usually built of glass, steel, and concrete with minimal ornamentation.
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DESIGN PHILOSPHY AND ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
• Gropius advocated pushing architecture forward as the society needs it. He concluded by saying that “There is no finality in architecture – only continuous change.”
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