ARCHIFACTS

o Bulletin of the Archives and Records Association of New Zealand

No. 16ns December 1980

A R C H I V E S A N D R E C O R D S

A S S O C I A T I O N O F N E W Z E A L A N D I N C .

P A T R O N : S i r J o h n Marsha l 1

P R E S I D E N T : R o b i n G r i f f i n

V I C E - P R E S I D E N T S : L a u r i e B a r b e r

M i chae l H o a r e

S E C R E T A R Y ; J a n e T u c k e r

T R E A S U R E R : C l a i r e Dawe

E D I T O R :

C O U N C I L :

S t u a r t S t r a c h a n

M a r g a r e t Brown

Graham B u t t e r w o r t h

J a c k Chu rchouse

M ichae l F i t z g e r a l d

M i c h a e l H i t c h i n g s

M e r y l L o w r i e

P a u l N e l s o n

C O U N C I L C O M M I T T E E S : A r c h i v a l E d u c a t i o n and T r a i n i n g B u s i n e s s A r c h i v e s C a r t o g r a p h i c A r c h i v e s F i l m A r c h i v e s L a b o u r A r c h i v e s L o c a l Body A r c h i v e s O r a l A r c h i v e s P h o t o g r a p h i c A r c h i v e s Reco rds Management R e s e a r c h

B R A N C H E S : A u c k l a n d C a n t e r b u r y S t e e r i n g Commi t tee O t a g o / S o u t h l a n d W a i k a t o Wei 1 i n g t o n

J u d i t h H o r n a b r o o k ( c o n v e n o r ) Rob in G r i f f i n ( c o n v e n o r ) B r a d P a t t e r s o n ( c o n v e n o r ) C l i v e Sowry ( c o n v e n o r ) R i c h a r d H i l l ' P e t e r M i l l e r ( c o n v e n o r )

J o h n S u l l i v a n ( c o n v e n o r )

M ichae l H o a r e ( c o n v e n o r )

Pau l O s b o r n e ( C h a i r m a n ) W . J . G a r d n e r 529-088 A . M . S m i t h ( C h a i r m a n ) 7 3 9 - 8 * 4

A D D R E S S : ρ · ° · B o x 1 1 - 5 5 3 , W e l l i n g t o n .

BULLETIN OF THE ARCHIVES AND

RECORDS ASSOCIATION OF NEW ZEALAND

D u r i n g my p r e s i d e n c y I hope t o c o n s o l i d a t e t h e s t r e n g t h s wh i ch t h e A s s o c i a t i o n has b u i l t up d u r i n g t h e f i v e y e a r s o f i t s e x i s t e n c e

What a r e t h e s e s t r e n g t h s 7

T h e y a r e , i n my o p i n i o n , t h r e e i n number

The f i r s t , b u t n o t n e c e s s a r i l y t h e most i m p o r t a n t , i s t h a t o f p u b l i c a t i o n s Archifacts ( 1 ) , o u r j o u r n a l , was p roduced even b e f o r e t h e i n c e p t i o n o f t he A s s o c i a t i o n By f a r t h e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t i o n o f o u r f u n d s a r e s p e n t on i t . Archifacts has d e v e l o p e d f r o m q u i t e a sma l l c o l l e c t i o n o f s h e e t s h e l d t o g e t h e r by a s t a p l e t o a most p r e s e n t a b l e and w e l l - p r o d u c e d j o u r n a l . I t has gone f r o m s t r e n g t h t o s t r e n g t h and i s s t i l l i m p r o v i n g . T h i s d e v e l o p m e n t i s l a r g e l y due t o t h e e f f o r t s o f t he E d i t o r and t h e E d i t o r i a l B o a r d I w o u l d l i k e t o s a y t h a t Archifacts does n o t b e l o n g t o t h e E d i t o r n o r t o t he E d i t o r i a l B o a r d , and most c e r t a i n l y n o t t o C o u n c i l I t i s your j o u r n a l You d e c i d e d a t t h e Annua l G e n e r a l M e e t i n g t o c o n t i n u e Archifacts i n i t s p r e s e n t f o r m a t and t h a t i t c o n t i n u e t o be p r o d u c e d f o u r t i m e s a y e a r B u t , t o o many o f t h e a r t i c l e s a re commiss ioned by t h e E d i t o r , a l l t h e r e v i e w s , I b e l i e v e I 'm r i g h t i n s a y i n g , a re commiss ioned by t h e Rev iews E d i t o r I n o t h e r w o r d s , mos t o f t he j o u r n a l i s commiss ioned So I p u t i t t o y o u I s i t y o u r j o u r n a l o r i s i t t h e E d i t o r i a l B o a r d ' s 7 I f i t i s y o u r j o u r n a l l e t ' s have p l e n t y o f a r t i c l e s f r o m y o u Send them t o t h e E d i t o r a t Ρ 0 Box 1 1 - 5 5 3 , W e l l i n g t o n

Sem ina rs a r e a n o t h e r a r e a o f e n d e a v o u r where t h e A s s o c i a t i o n has been h i g h l y s u c c e s s f u l And o f cou rse t h i s success has been due t o y o u r s u p p o r t f o r w h i c h on b e h a l f o f p r e v i o u s C o u n c i l s I w i s h t o t h a n k y o u I hope t h a t y o u r h e a r t e n i n g s u p p o r t o f c o n f e r e n c e s and sem ina rs w i l l c o n t i n u e The success o f o u r S e p t e m b e r c o n f e r e n c e in A u c k l a n d augurs w e l l f o r t h e f u t u r e T h e r e w i l l be s e m i n a r s i n t he coming y e a r , i n c l u d i n g one on p h o t o g r a p h s and f i l m s A g a i n , we welcome s u g g e s t i o n s f r o m y o u .

N o . 16 η s December 1980

HOLDING FAST

The l a s t a r e a o f e x p e r t i s e i s most e a s i l y d e s c r i b e d by one u n f o r t u n a t e

word - t h a t i s , w a r f a r e We seem c o n s t a n t l y t o be g e t t i n g i n v o l v e d i n w a r s , y e t I c a n n o t imag ine a more u n w a r l i k e A s s o c i a t i o n . P e r h a p s t h e w o r d , w a r , s h o u l d be r e p l a c e d b y t h a t o f j e h a d o r h o l y w a r b e c a u s e , i n f a c t , we campaign f o r p r i n c i p l e s w h i c h a re i m p o r t a n t t o us as a g r o u p , and wh i ch we b e l i e v e a r e i n t h e l o n g t e rm i n t e r e s t s o f a l l New Z e a l a n d e r s We have r e c e n t l y been c a m p a i g n i n g t o have t h e recommenda t ions o f t h e S m i t h R e p o r t i m p l e m e n t e d , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h o s e d e s i r a b l e f o r N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s A l o t o f g r a t i f y i n g s u p p o r t has been r e c e i v e d f r o m o u r members i n t h e shape o f l e t t e r s t o Members o f P a r l i a m e n t and t o t he M i n i s t e r o f I n t e r n a l A f f a i r s r e g a r d i n g N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s f u t u r e accommodat ion I w o u l d l i k e t o make two t h i n g s c l e a r he re We a re n o t b a t t l i n g f o r N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s , we a r e s t r i v i n g t o have t h e S m i t h R e p o r t ( 2 ) - our R e p o r t , n o t N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s ' o r t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f I n t e r n a l A f f a i r s ' o r anyone e l s e ' s r e p o r t - c a r r i e d o u t so f a r as i t r e l a t e s t o a p u b l i c body T h i s i s an a im I b e l i e v e we may be l o s i n g s i g h t o f We a im t o imp lement our S m i t h R e p o r t We a re n o t c r i t i c i s i n g N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s I b e l i e v e t h a t N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s i s d o i n g a v e r y good j o b w i t h i n t he l i m i t a t i o n s e x p o s e d by t he S m i t h R e p o r t N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s i s g i v i n g o f i t s b e s t , b u t i t s b e s t c a n n o t be f i r s t c l a s s u n t i l t h e recommenda t ions o f t he S m i t h R e p o r t become r e a l i t y The second p o i n t I w i s h t o c l a r i f y he re i s t h a t N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s a p p e a r s t o be i n t h e gun because i t i s t h e p r e m i e r a r c h i v e r e p o s i t o r y i n t h i s c o u n t r y . I , as an a r c h i v i s t i n a v e r y t i n y a r c h i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t , l o o k t o N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s f o r l e a d e r s h i p i n t he a r c h i v e s p r o f e s s i o n And t h e r e a r e o t h e r a r c h i v i s t s o r m a n u s c r i p t c u r a t o r s ( c a l l them w h a t y o u w i l l ) , as w e l l as a h o s t o f r e c o r d s o f f i c e r s who a l s o l o o k t o N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s f o r l e a d e r s h i p T h i s l e a d e r s h i p can o n l y emanate f r o m an i n s t i t u t i o n wh ich i s a d e q u a t e l y housed and s u f f i c i e n t l y s t a f f e d t o c a r r y o u t i t s t a s k s

The S m i t h R e p o r t , h o w e v e r , i s n o t o n l y a b o u t N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s T h e r e a re a l a r g e number o f o t h e r recommenda t ions most o f w h i c h we i n t e n d t o have imp lemen ted E v e n i f i t t a k e s two h u n d r e d y e a r s , t h i s A s s o c i a t i o n i s g o i n g t o see t h e S m i t h R e p o r t ' s recommenda t ions imp lemen ted

R o b i n G r i f f i n P r e s i d e n t

References.

1 Archifacts B u l l e t i n o f t h e A r c h i v e s Commi t tee o f t he New Z e a l a n d L i b r a r y A s s o c i a t i o n No 1 ( A p r i l 1 9 7 4 ) - No 9 ( O c t o b e r 1976)

Archifacts B u l l e t i n o f t h e A r c h i v e s & R e c o r d s A s s o c i a t i o n o f New Z e a l a n d No I n s ( F e b r u a r y 1977) t o d a t e

2 . W i l f r e d I S m i t h Archives m N e w Zealand- A Report. A r c h i v e s and R e c o r d s A s s o c i a t i o n o f New Z e a l a n d , W e l l i n g t o n 1978

and

' P e r s p e c t i v e s on t h e S m i t h R e p o r t ' b e i n g Archifacts Nos 7 & 8 η s ( S e p t e m b e r - D e c e m b e r 1978 )

A VERY SPECIAL COLLECTION

I n J u n e 1 9 8 0 , t w e l v e f i l m s f r o m t he e a r l i e s t y e a r s o f c inema were s e n t t o t h e N a t i o n a l F i l m U n i t by t h e Museum o f T r a n s p o r t and T e c h n o l o g y , A u c k l a n d The f i l m s had been i n t h e Museum's p o s s e s s i o n f o r some t ime - u n i d e n t i f i e d , u n a b l e t o be v i e w e d , and u n r e c o g n i s e d f o r wha t t h e y a r e - t h e o l d e s t f i l m s known t o s u r v i v e i n t h i s c o u n t r y , a v e r y s p e c i a l c o l l e c t i o n

Identification - Internal Evidence

When t he f i l m s a r r i v e d a t t he Ν F U and I was a b l e t o examine t h e m , t he age o f t h e f i l m s became i m m e d i a t e l y o b v i o u s The p e r f o r a t i o n s were o f a d i s t i n c t i v e sma l l t y p e w h i c h were i n use o n l y b e f o r e a b o u t 1906 E a c h f i l m was e x a m i n e d c l o s e l y and n o t e made o f i t s c o n t e n t and t e c h n i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s The i n i t i a l e x a m i n a t i o n p r o d u c e d t h e f o l l o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n

F i l m No 1 - 6 8 f e e t l o n g A p p e a r s t o be comp le te

A s i n g l e c o n t i n u o u s s h o t o f a r a i l w a y t r a c k f r o m t h e r e a r o f a t r a i n t r a v e l l i n g t h r o u g h a g o r g e A t r a d e mark embossed on t h e f i l m i d e n t i f i e s i t as h a v i n g been s o l d b y (and p r o b a b l y s h o t b y ) t h e Warwick T r a d i n g Company o f London

F i l m No 2 - 1 1 1 f e e t l o n g

A s i n g l e c o n t i n u o u s s h o t o f a g r o u p o f s o l d i e r s m a r c h i n g t h r o u g h a t o w n , wh i ch a p p e a r s t o be i n S o u t h A f r i c a T h e s o l d i e r s a r e d r e s s e d i n B r i t i s h u n i f o r m S e v e r a l o t h e r p e o p l e a l s o pass the camera The marg ins o f t h e f i l m ( i e t h e a r e a be tween t he f rame and t he edges o f t h e f i l m ) a r e b l a c k .

F i l m No 3 - 5 7 f e e t

A s i n g l e c o n t i n u o u s s h o t o f a h o r s e b e i n g shod i n a f i e l d An army t e n t and s e v e r a l s o l d i e r s a re p r e s e n t i n t he backg round The m a r g i n s o f t h e f i l m a r e b l a c k

F i l m No 4 - 4 0 f e e t .

A s i n g l e c o n t i n u o u s s h o t show ing Thomas E d i s o n a t work i n a l a b o r a t o r y B e h i n d h im a r e s h e l v e s f i l l e d w i t h b o t t l e s o f c h e m i c a l s T h e scene i s l i t by s u n l i g h t , wh i ch s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e scene was posed in a s t u d i o , p o s s i b l y E d i s o n ' s " B l a c k M a r i a " s t u d i o The marg ins o f t h e f i l m a re b l a c k .

F i l m No 5 - 4 9 f e e t A s i n g l e c o n t i n u o u s s h o t o f guardsmen m a r c h i n g b e h i n d a band T h e p a r a d e a p p e a r s t o be a t S t J a m e s ' s P a l a c e , London The e n t i r e f i l m i s t i n t e d r e d

F i l m No 6 - 4 6 f e e t

A s i n g l e c o n t i n u o u s s h o t o f a s t r e e t i n an u n i d e n t i f i e d town A crowd o f p e o p l e i s m i l l i n g a b o u t i n t h e s t r e e t wh i ch i s f r e e f r o m v e h i c u l a r t r a f f i c The f i l m i s t i n t e d o range

F i l m No 7 - 7 0 f e e t T h r e e s t r e e t scenes T r a f a l g a r Squa re f r o m a mov ing v e h i c l e , show ing h o r s e -drawn omnibuses and o t h e r t r a f f i c ( 4 6 f t ) , The " C a n a d a A r c h " w i t h t h e words " C A N A D A B r i t a i n ' s G r a n a r y God S a v e o u r K i n g and Q u e e n " , t r a f f i c p a s s i n g

u n d e r t h e a r c h ( 6 0 f t ) , Crowd o u t s i d e p a l a c e g a t e s ( 7 0 f t ) The m a r g i n s o f t h e f i l m a r e b l a c k and t h e f rame e x t e n d s i n t o t h e p e r f o r a t i o n s

F i l m No 8 - 7 5 f e e t

A s i n g l e c o n t i n u o u s s h o t f r o m a mov ing t r a i n W i n d s o r C a s t l e can be seen i n t h e d i s t a n c e T h e t r a d e m a r k o f t h e Warwick T r a d i n g Company i s embossed on t he f i l m

F i l m No 9 - 122 f e e t .

A s i n g l e c o n t i n u o u s s h o t o f a r o y a l p r o c e s s i o n p a s s i n g a l o n g a s t r e e t in London " K i n g Edward O p e n i n g P a r l i a m e n t " i s s c r a t c h e d on t h e l e a d e r .

F i l m N o . 10 - 122 f e e t .

A s i n g l e c o n t i n u o u s s h o t o f a number o f p a s s e n g e r s d i s e m b a r k i n g f r o m a s h i p T h e s i m i l a r d r e s s o f a number o f t h e p a s s e n g e r s s u g g e s t s t h e y c o u l d be members o f a s p o r t s team.

F i l m N o 1 1 - 32 f e e t

A comedy scene i n wh ich a man i s f l i r t i n g t h e l a u n d r e s s w h i l e she i s w a s h i n g c l o t h e s i n a t u b She w i p e s h i s f a c e w i t h a soapy c l o t h and dunks h i s head i n t o t h e t u b o f suds He i s g i v e n a t o w e l and d r i e s h i m s e l f The m a r g i n s o f t h e f i l m a re b l a c k .

F i l m No 12 - 64 f e e t .

A comedy in one scene The m a s t e r k i s s e s t he maid b e h i n d a b l a n k e t on t h e w a s h i n g - l i n e , b u t i s d i s c o v e r e d by t h e m i s t r e s s who s e t s a b o u t him w i t h h e r u m b r e l l a

F rom t h i s e x a m i n a t i o n we can deduce f r o m the p r e s e n c e o f t h e embossed t r a d e mark t h a t two o f t h e f i l m s ( n o 1 & no 8 ) were s o l d b y ( a n d p o s s i b l y p r o d u c e d b y ) t h e Warwick T r a d i n g Company The s u b j e c t m a t t e r o f f i l m no 4 s u g g e s t s t h a t i t was p roduced by t he E d i s o n Company

Common f e a t u r e s can be n o t i c e d i n some o f t h e f i l m s F i l m s 2 , 3 and 1 1 a l l have t h r e e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , i n common. T h e s e a r e b l a c k m a r g i n s , p e r f o r a t i o n s w i t h r ounded s i d e s , common f r a m e l i n e p o s i t i o n F i l m s 4 and 7 f i l m s a l s o have b l a c k m a r g i n s , and 7 a l s o has p e r f o r a t i o n s w i t h r ounded s i d e s B u t on b o t h t h e s e f i l m s t h e f r a m e l i n e o c c u r s i n a d i f f e r e n t p o s i t i o n , and t h e s i z e o f t h e f r ame T t s e l f d i f f e r s f r o m f i l m s 2 , 3 and 1 1 In a p a p e r he p r e s e n t e d t o t h e 1 9 6 7 C o n g r e s s o f t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l F e d e r a t i o n o f F i l m A r c h i v e s , ' F i l m I d e n t i f i c a t i o n by E x a m i n a t i o n o f F i l m C o p i e s ' , H a r o l d B r o w n , P r e s e r v a t i o n O f f i c e r o f t h e N a t i o n a l F i l m A r c h i v e , L o n d o n , n o t e d t h a t b l a c k m a r g i n s were a c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e f i l m s o f Thomas E d i s o n i n A m e r i c a and R o b e r t P a u l in E n g l a n d One f u r t h e r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f P a u l ' s f i l m s i s the p r e s e n c e a t i r r e g u l a r i n t e r v a l s o f b l u r r e d bands o f image T h i s was caused by s l i p p a g e o f t h e p r i n t s t o c k a g a i n s t t h e n e g a t i v e d u r i n g p r i n t i n g wh i ch was done by t h e c o n t i n u o u s method A f u r t h e r e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e f i l m s showed such b l u r r i n g t o be p r e s e n t i n f i l m s 2 , 3 and 1 1 b u t n o t i n f i l m 7 . N o t e , h o w e v e r , t h a t f i l m 4 i s o b v i o u s l y n o t one o f P a u l ' s f i l m s More e v i d e n c e c o n f i r m i n g some common c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n P a u l ' s f i l m s may be f o u n d i n The Beginnings of the Cinema m England by J o h n B a r n e s ( D a v i d & C h a r l e s 1 9 7 6 ) I n t h i s book s e v e r a l f r a m e s o f v a r i o u s P a u l f i l m s have been r e p r o d u c e d In t h e s e r e p r o d u c t i o n s one can see t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s common t o f i l m s 2 , 3 and

1 1 , name ly b l a c k m a r g i n s , p e r f o r a t i o n s w i t h r ounded s i d e s , and common f r a m e l i n e p o s i t i o n . I t w o u l d be r e a s o n a b l e t o a s s u m e , , t h e n , t h a t t h e s e f i l m s were p r o d u c e d by R o b e r t P a u l .

T h e r e m a i n i n g f i l m s do n o t have any d i s t i n c t i v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t h a t i n d i c a t e t h e y a r e t h e p r o d u c t o f a p a r t i c u l a r p r o d u c e r .

External Evidence

The s e a r c h now t u r n s t o t h e p r i n t e d r e c o r d U n f o r t u n a t e l y no c a t a l o g u e s / o f t h e e a r l y f i l m makers a r e known t o e x i s t i n New Z e a l a n d , b u t some s e c o n d -a r y r e f e r e n c e works a re a v a i l a b l e and can be c o n s u l t e d f o r f u r t h e r i n f o r m a -t i o n .

I n Motion Pictures 1 8 9 4 - 1 9 1 2 c o m p i l e d by Howard L a m a r r W a l l s ( U S C o p y r i g h t O f f i c e 1953 ) we f i n d t h a t a f i l m t i t l e d Mr Edison at work m his chemical Laboratory was r e g i s t e r e d f o r c o p y r i g h t a t t h e L i b r a r y o f C o n g r e s s on 5 J u n e 1 8 9 7 S i n c e no o t h e r f i l m o f s i m i l a r s u b j e c t m a t t e r was r e g i s t e r e d by t h e E d i s o n Company i t can r e a s o n a b l y be c o n c l u d e d t h a t f i l m 4 i s Mr Edisorr at Work m his Chemical Laboratory, an A m e r i c a n f i l m o f 1 8 9 7

F o r B r i t i s h f i l m s t h e r e was no s y s t e m o f r e g i s t r a t i o n t o c l a i m c o p y -r i g h t , so o t h e r r e f e r e n c e wo rks mus t be c o n s u l t e d One such wo rk i s D e n i s G l f f o r d ' s The British Film Catalogue 1895-1970 wh ich l i s t s f i c t i o n f i l m s p r o d u c e d i n B r i t a i n d u r i n g t h a t p e r i o d The f i l m s a re l i s t e d c h r o n o l o g i c a l l y and s e r i a l numbered A s e a r c h o f t he f i r s t t en y e a r s ' t i t l e s r e v e a l s two f i l m s ( b o t h f r o m 1 8 9 7 ) s i m i l a r i n s u b j e c t m a t t e r t o f i l m s 1 1 and 12 T h e s e a r e Cupid at the washtub, p r o d u c e d by R W P a u l . D e s c r i b e d t h u s "Groom f l i r t s w i t h l a u n d r e s s who ducks h im i n t u b o f s u d s " The l e n g t h o f t h e f i l m i s r e c o r d e d as 40 f e e t

The Maid m the Garden, p r o d u c e d by G A S m i t h D e s c r i b e d t h u s " M a s t e r k i s s e s maid b e h i n d b l a n k e t on c l o t h e s l i n e and i s seen b y w i f e " The l e n g t h o f t h e f i l m i s r e c o r d e d as 50 f e e t

F i l m 1 1 can r e a s o n a b l y be s a i d t o be a p r i n t o f Cupid at the washtub, p r o d u c e d by R o b e r t P a u l i n 1 8 9 7 . I n t e r n a l e v i d e n c e i n t h e f i l m has s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e f i l m was p r o d u c e d b y P a u l The s i m i l a r i t y o f s t o r y - l i n e r e i n f o r c e s t h i s .

F i l m 12 has o b v i O U S S i m i l a r i t i e s t o The Maid m the Garden, b u t i t s g r e a t e r l e n g t h s u g g e s t s a l a t e r v e r s i o n o f t h e same f i l m , p r o b a b l y s h o t when t h e f i r s t n e g a t i v e had worn o u t I n f o r m a t i o n on t h e r e - m a k e i s r e v e a l e d i n The National Film Archive Catalogue Part I I I , Silent Fiction Films 1895-1930 ( B r i t i s h F i l m I n s t i t u t e 1 9 6 6 ) , wh i ch n o t e s t h a t an 1898 p r o d u c t i o n b y G A S m i t h c a l l e d Hanging Out the clothes i s h e l d by t h e A r c h i v e The s y n o p s i s g i v e n c o u l d w e l l have been w r i t t e n o f f i l m 12 " A maid h a n g i n g o u t t h e c l o t h e s i s k i s s e d by h e r m a s t e r b e h i n d a b l a n k e t , t h e y a r e d i s c o v e r e d by h i s w i f e who s e t s a b o u t h im w i t h h e r u m b r e l l a " The N a t i o n a l F i l m A r c h i v e ' s copy i s l i s t e d as b e i n g 69 f e e t l o n g , 5 f e e t l o n g e r t h a n f i l m 12 F i l m 1 2 i s i n c o m p l e t e , t h i s i s c o n f i r m e d b y t h e p r e s e n c e o f s e v e r a l s p l i c e s i n t h e f i l m .

Mr Edison at Work in his Chemical Laboratory

Hanging Out the Clothes

Establishing Minimum Data

In i d e n t i f y i n g a f i l m , c e r t a i n minimum d a t a must be e s t a b l i s h e d , namely t h e o r i g i n a l t i t l e o f t h e f i l m

t h e d a t e o f p r o d u c t i o n t h e c o u n t r y o f o r i g i n

R e s e a r c h so f a r has s u p p l i e d t h e o r i g i n a l t i t l e o f o n l y 3 o f t h e 12 f i l m s F o r t h e same t h r e e f i l m s t h e d a t e o f p r o d u c t i o n and t h e c o u n t r y o f o r i g i n have a l s o been deduced F o r t h e o t h e r f i l m s , t h e c o u n t r y o f o r i g i n i s s u g g e s t e d by t h e c o n t e n t , o r by t h e p r o d u c e r o f t he f i l m s The t i t l e can be r e p r e s e n t e d by a d e s c r i p t i v e p h r a s e , w h i l e t h e d a t e o f p r o d u c t i o n can be e s t i m a t e d on each f i l m f r o m t h e c o n t e n t and t y p e o f p r o d u c t i o n D a t i n g i s made e a s i e r s i n c e we have e s t a b l i s h e d f r o m t h e d i s t i n c t i v e p e r -f o r a t i o n s t h a t a l l t h e f i l m s were p r o d u c e d b e f o r e a b o u t 1906

1 Railway track viewed from a tram i s a f i l m o f t he ' p h a n t o m - η de ' t y p e wh ich were made f r o m a b o u t 1896 t o a b o u t 1 9 0 0 . The f i l m m i g h t t h e r e -f o r e be d a t e d c 1 9 0 0 , s i n c e i t i s p r o b a b l y no l a t e r t h a n t h i s d a te

2 Soldiers marching through a South African town a p p e a r s t o have been s h o t f o r R o b e r t P a u l ( as m e n t i o n e d a b o v e ) d u r i n g t h e B o e r War ( O c t o b e r 1899 - May 1 9 0 2 ) I t was most l i k e l y t a k e n i n t h e e a r l y p a r t o f t h e war when any f i l m f r o m t h e w a r z o n e had appea l f o r a u d i e n c e s w h e t h e r o r n o t any " a c t i o n " was shown I t c o u l d t h e r e f o r e be assumed t h a t t h e f i l m was made c 1900

3 shoeing a horse i s a n o t h e r P a u l p r o d u c t i o n The p r e s e n c e o f s o l d i e r s a p p e a r s t o i n d i c a t e some c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e Armv Pau l i s known t o have p r o d u c e d a s e r i e s o f f i l m s in 1900 c a l l e d Army Life, or How soldiers are Made. I t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t t h i s f i l m d e p i c t s one o f t h e i n c i d e n t s o f camp l i f e i n c l u d e d i n t h i s s e r i e s

5 The s h o r t l e n g t h o f Parade of Guardsmen s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e f i l m was made w e l l b e f o r e 1 9 0 0 , and may be as e a r l y as 1 8 9 7 - 1 8 9 8

6 street scene i s i n c o m p l e t e b u t p r o b a b l y n o t much l o n g e r t h a n t h e r e m a i n i n g 46 f e e t T h i s , t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e l a c k o f a c t i o n w i t h i n t h e f r a m e , t e n d s t o s u g g e s t t h e f i l m i s n o t l a t e r t han 1900

7 The p r e s e n c e o f t he Canada A r c h i n London street scenes s u g g e s t s t h e f i l m was t a k e n i n 1902 when t he s t r e e t s o f London were d e c o r a t e d f o r t h e c o r o n a t i o n o f Edward V I I The c o r o n a t i o n was p o s t p o n e d , ow ing t o t h e K i n g ' s i l l n e s s , and i t i s l i k e l y t h e f i l m was t a k e n d u r i n g h i s i l l n e s s T h i s i s f u r t h e r s u g g e s t e d by t h e s h o t o f crowds w a i t i n g o u t s i d e t h e p a l a c e g a t e s .

8 Windsor from a moving tram i s a n o t h e r o f t h e ' p h a n t o m - n d e ' t y p e o f f i l m and i s p r o b a b l y f r o m 1900

9 Kmg Edward opens Parliament. T h i s i s l i k e l y t o have been s h o t between 1902 and 1906 S i n c e t h e r e i s o n l y a s i n g l e s h o t f r o m a s i n g l e , s t a t i c camera p o s i t i o n i t i s l i k e l y t h a t t he f i l m was s h o t i n t h e e a r l i e r y e a r s o f t h i s p e r i o d , 1 9 0 2 - 1 9 0 3

10 Passengers disembarking from a ship has no c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t h a t d i s t i n -g u i s h i t as t h e p r o d u c t o f a p a r t i c u l a r p r o d u c e r The s u b j e c t t e n d s t o s u g g e s t t h a t t h e f i l m i s t h e p r o d u c t o f a sma l l p r o d u c e r w i t h a l i m i t e d m a r k e t The l e n g t h o f t h e f i l m s u g g e s t s t h a t i t i s l a t e r than 1900 and p r o b a b l y as l a t e as 1 9 0 5 - 1 9 0 6

And so t h e t a s k o f i d e n t i f y i n g t h e f i l m s has r e a c h e d a p o i n t where f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n must be o b t a i n e d f r o m o v e r s e a s s o u r c e s In te rms o f i t s minimum d a t a , t h e c o l l e c t i o n may be l i s t e d t h u s

1 (Railway Track Viewed From A Tram) G r e a t B r i t a i n C 1900 2 (Soldiers Marching Through A South African Town) G Β c 1900 3 . (Shoeing a Horse) G . B C 1900 4 MR EDISON AT WORK IN HIS CHEMICAL LABORATORY U S A 1 8 9 7 5 . (Parade Of Guardsmen) G Β C 1 8 9 7 - 1 8 9 8 6 (street Scene) o r i g i n unknown c 1900 7 . (London Street Scenes) G Β C 1902 8 (Windsor From A Moving Tram) G Β C . 1 9 0 0 9 (King Edward Opens Parliament) G Β C 1 9 0 2 - 1 9 0 3

10 (Passengers Disembarking From A Ship) o r i g i n unknown C 1 9 0 5 - 0 6 1 1 CUPID AT THE WASHTUB G Β 1 8 9 7 12 HANGING OUT THE CLOTHES G Β . 1898

Historical Note

From t he f i r s t s c r e e n i n g o f m o t i o n p i c t u r e s i n 1896 u n t i l t h e e s t a b -l i s h m e n t o f pe rmanen t p i c t u r e t h e a t r e s i n 1 9 0 8 , New Z e a l a n d a u d i e n c e s were e n t e r t a i n e d by t h e m o t i o n p i c t u r e shows o f i t i n e r a n t showmen These show-men bough t t h e i r f i l m s o u t r i g h t f r o m t h e p r o d u c e r s o r t h e i r a g e n t s in London When t h e s e f i l m s l o s t p o p u l a r i t y i n t h e showman's t e r r i t o r y , he w o u l d swap them w i t h o t h e r showmen o r i m p o r t new t i t l e s and d i s c a r d t h e o l d ones I n t h e s e ways t h e showmen k e p t t h e i r programmes f r e s h and o r i g i n a l e n s u r i n g t h a t a u d i e n c e s w o u l d r e t u r n t o t h e i r shows a g a i n and a g a i n The p i c t u r e shows were o f t e n combined w i t h a programme o f mus i ca l and v a r i e t y e n t e r t a i n e r s The f i l m s i n t h e c o l l e c t i o n w e r e , q u i t e p o s s i b l y t h e f i l m segment o f one such v a r i e t y and f i l m show When t h e show s t o p p e d t o u r i n g t h e f i l m s w o u l d have been s t o r e d a w a y , h a v i n g l i t t l e commerc ia l v a l u e f o l l o w i n g t h e a r r i v a l o f t h e pe rmanen t p i c t u r e t h e a t r e s w i t h t h e i r r e g u l a r changes o f programme As t h e commerc ia l c inema d e v e l o p e d t h e f i l m s l a y f o r g o t t e n u n t i l , many y e a r s l a t e r , t h e y were s e n t t o t h e Museum.

C l i v e Sowry F i l m A r c h i v i s t N a t i o n a l F i l m U n i t

POSTSCRIPT

I s e n t a s e t o f t h e f r ame s t i l l s a l o n g w i t h a copy o f my n o t e s t o J o h n B a r n e s , C u r a t o r o f t h e Ba rnes Museum o f C i n e m a t o g r a p h y and a u t h o r o f The Beginnings of Cinema m England , and W h o I S an a u t h o r i t y Ο Π the

e a r l y y e a r s o f f i l m making i n B r i t a i n He was a b l e t o c o n t r i b u t e t h e f o l l o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n

" N o 1 T h i s I am p r e t t y s u r e i s one o f a s e r i e s o f Warwick f i l m s t a k e n d u r i n g a t o u r o f t h e West C o u n t r y ( D e v o n ) i n 1898

No 2 P r o b a b l y E N T R Y O F S C O T S ' GUARDS I N T O B L 0 E M F 0 N T E I N ( 1 2 0 f t ) 1900 R W. Pau l

No 3 F A R R I E R S H O E I N G H O R S E S I N CAMP ( 6 0 f t ) 1899 R W P a u l R e f The Era, 9 December 1 8 9 9 , pp 1 8 and 28

No 1 1 C U P I D AT T H E WASH TUB ( 4 0 f t ) 1898 R W P a u l R e f Pau l L i s t No 15 ( A u g u s t 1898 ) ρ 20

N o . 1 2 H A N G I N G OUT T H E C L O T H E S ( 7 5 f t ) Sep tember 1 8 9 7 G A S m i t h F e a t u r i n g Mr & Mrs Tom Green R e f S m i t h ' s cash book

Hove E c h o , 2 7 November 1 8 9 7 , ρ 5 "

As w e l l as c o n f i r m i n g t h e t i t l e s on two o f t h e f i l m s , t h e t i t l e s o f two more a r e s u p p l i e d and a d a t e g i v e n f o r t h e f i r s t f i l m

C l i v e Sowry 6 November 1980

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * THE KING AND I

THE FOWLDS PAPERS

The l a r g e s t m a n u s c r i p t c o l l e c t i o n i n t he A u c k l a n d U n i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y i s t h a t o f S i r Geo rge F o w l d s ( 1 8 6 0 - 1 9 3 4 ) , t h e A u c k l a n d m e r c e r , C a b i n e t M i n i s t e r in t h e Ward G o v e r n m e n t , and l a t e r P r e s i d e n t o f A u c k l a n d U n i v e r s i t y C o l l e g e F o w l d s was a h o a r d e r , n o t q u i t e as bad as W a l t e r N a s h , b u t , c o n s i d e r i n g t h a t i t was h o r s e and buggy d a y s , o f t h e same c l a s s The n i n e me t res i n t h e c o l l e c t i o n make i t t h e l a r g e s t and most i m p o r t a n t s e t o f p a p e r s o f t h e L i b e r a l p e r i o d i n New Z e a l a n d F o w l d s has had h i s r e v e n g e on S e d d o n , w h o , a t t h e m e n t i o n o f F o w l d s , wou ld l i f t h i s eyes t o t h e c e i l i n g and murmur ' S i n g l e T a x ' B u t F o w l d s k e p t h i s p a p e r s T h e y have s u r v i v e d , and t h e y s t a n d a l o n e What i s t h e r e o f B a l l a n c e , o f S e d d o n , o f W a r d , o f M a s s e y 7

Where have a l l t h e i r p a p e r s g o n e 7

The h a r d c o r e o f t h e F o w l d s P a p e r s c o v e r t h e p e r i o d 1906 t o 1 9 1 1 , when he was M i n i s t e r o f E d u c a t i o n and P u b l i c H e a l t h H i s e a r l i e r and l a t e r l i f e a r e r e p r e s e n t e d i n much l e s s d e p t h He was born i n F e n w i c k , A y r s h i r e , i n S c o t l a n d , i n 1860, t h e son o f one o f t h e few r e m a i n i n g hand loom w e a v e r s , Ma t thew F o w l d s , (whose loom i s now in t he A u c k l a n d I n s t i t u t e and Museum) When he was 22 he m i g r a t e d t o S o u t h A f r i c a , where he s e t u p ' a s a b o o k e e p e r on t h e d iamond f i e l d s a t K i m b e r l e y , and m a r r i e d a F e n w i c k g i r l , Mary Ann F u l t o n In 1885 t h e y l e f t S o u t h A f r i c a t o s e t t l e in A u c k l a n d , and by 1888 he had e s t a b l i s h e d h i s own b u s i n e s s as a m e r c e r i n downtown A u c k l a n d I n t h e n i n e t i e s h i s a f f a i r s p r o s p e r e d , so he l e f t t h e r u n n i n g o f t h e b u s i n e s s t o h i s s o n , and s t o o d f o r P a r l i a m e n t as a L i b e r a l On S e d d o n ' s d e a t h F o w l d s was a p p o i n t e d t o t h e Ward C a b i n e t He rema ined i n o f f i c e u n t i l 1 9 1 1 when he r e s i g n e d , t h e r e b y c o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h e f a l l o f t h e Ward a d m i n i s t r a t i o n He d i d n o t succeed i n r e g a i n i n g a s e a t i n P a r l i a m e n t i n s p i t e o f h i s a t t e m p t s t o r a l l y mode ra te L a b o u r and ' t r u e L i b e r a l s ' i n t h e U n i t e d L a b o u r P a r t y

S u b s e q u e n t l y F o w l d s was a c t i v e i n p u b l i c l i f e i n A u c k l a n d u n t i l h i s d e a t h i n 1934 D u r i n g W o r l d War I he was i n v o l v e d i n p a t r i o t i c work w i t h t h e J o i n t Commi t tee o f t h e Red C r o s s and O r d e r o f S t J o h n , and w i t h t h e Temperance movement i n t h e campaign f o r P r o h i b i t i o n wh i ch n e a r l y succeeded i n 1 9 1 9 From 1922 t o 1933 F o w l d s was P r e s i d e n t o f A u c k l a n d U n i v e r s i t y C o l l e g e and a l s o p l a y e d a p r o m i n e n t p a r t i n t h e f o u n d i n g o f Massey A g r i c u l -t u r a l C o l l e g e

The p a p e r s r e f l e c t t h e v a r i e t y o f i n t e r e s t s o f a v e r y g r e g a r i o u s and a c t i v e p u b l i c man who c o r r e s p o n d e d w i t h a w i d e range o f p e o p l e i n many p a r t s o f t h e w o r l d H i s name c r o p s up i n many d i f f e r e n t c o n n e c t i o n s t h e New Z e a l a n d I n s t i t u t e f o r t h e B l i n d , t he S i n g l e T a x o r g a n i s a t i o n , t h e Temperance movemen t , R o t a r y , t h e F r e e m a s o n s , Town P l a n n i n g , a g r i c u l t u r a l e d u c a t i o n , women 's movemen ts , t h e Young M a o r i P a r t y , t h e C o n g r e g a t i o n a l C h u r c h , t h e B i b l e i n S c h o o l s c o n t r o v e r s y , as w e l l as a p a t r o n o f many c l u b s and s o c i e t i e s f r o m b r a s s bands t o b o a t i n g c l u b s U n d e r t h e h e a d i n g ' A u c k l a n d ' i n t h e index, o f wh i ch more a n o n , t h e r e a r e o v e r e i g h t y e n t r i e s

Because o f t h e p r o t e a n n a t u r e o f F o w l d s ' s i n t e r e s t s and t h e s i z e o f t h e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e s e r i e s , a check o f t h e P a p e r s i s d e s i r a b l e f o r any s t u d y o f t h e p e r i o d 1890 t o 1920 F rom them one can g e t an i n k l i n g o f so many f a c e t s o f l i f e o f t h e t i m e How d i d t h e f a m i l y r e a c t t o t h e w h i r l w i n d engagement o f D a i s y i n D u n e d i n , o r t o a y o u n g A m e r i c a n who was t r a v e l l i n g w i t h t h e C h a u t a u q u a A s s o c i a t i o n ' What was t h e C h a u t a u q u a A s s o c i a t i o n 7 What was t h e d a y - t o - d a y l i f e o f a M i n i s t e r l i k e m t h o s e d a y s 7 What t h i n g s d i d he ask f o r m o r d e r t o s e t up h i s m i n i s t e r i a l o f f i c e 7 How were r a i l w a y c a r r i a g e s h e a t e d t h e n 7 How d i d one g e t f r o m A u c k l a n d t o W e l l i n g t o n b e f o r e t h e Main T r u n k l i n e was c o m p l e t e d 7 What d i d F o w l d s and t h e 1905 R e f o r m P a r t y t h i n k o f Seddon ( ' T h e K i n g and Γ ) 7 One can l e a r n o f t h e j o y s and s o r r o w s o f e a r l y m o t o r i n g when p e t r o l came i n t i n s i n wooden c a s e s , o f l i f e d u r i n g t h e f l u e p i d e m i c , t h e p r i c e s o f t h e s i deshows a t t h e New Z e a l a n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l E x h i b i t i o n a t C h r i s t c h u r c h , and o t h e r m i n u t i a e , and wha t d i d y o u o r d e r f o r a m i n i s t e r i a l ga rden p a r t y , how d i d y o u t r a i n a s p a n k i n g p a i r o f c a r r i a g e h o r s e s and wha t was t h e K n y v e t t Case a l l a b o u t 7

The P a p e r s a r e n o t a b l e f o r t h e i r a r r a y o f comic and t r a g i c s t o r i e s -one c a n n o t b u t be amazed a t t h e v a r i e t y o f t h e h a r d l u c k l e t t e r s t h a t came t o t h e M i n i s t e r ' s d e s k , and t h e i r r e f l e c t i o n o f t h e ebb and f l o w o f s o c i a l and economic c o n d i t i o n s - t h e h a r d up r a i l w a y m a n who w a n t e d t o g e t m a r r i e d and t h o u g h t t h e M i n i s t e r w o u l d l e n d h im t h e money , f o r t h e good o f t h e c o u n t r y , t h e M e r c u r y Bay bushmen ( " I am w r i t i n g t h i s a t C h a r l i e ' s d i c t a t i o n " ) , who needed h e l p t o keep t h e i r h o s p i t a l g o i n g d u r i n g a d r o u g h t when t h e l o g s were p i l e d up i n t h e r i v e r beds and t h e m i l l was c l o s e d , and t h e p a r e n t who asked f o r h i s son t o be r e l e a s e d f r o m an i n s t i t u t i o n - t o o l a t e - t h e boy had commi t t ed s u i c i d e

H i s r e p o r t s t o f r i e n d s and r e l a t i v e s , and h i s l e t t e r s t o h i s f a m i l y g i v e i n s i g h t s i n t o f a m i l y l i f e N o t h i n g i s more r e v e a l i n g o f h i s e s s e n t i a l goodness t h a n h i s r e s t r a i n t and good sense i n t h e f a c e o f f a m i l y c r i s e s H i s r e b u k e t o h i s son i s i n g e n t l e t e rms and he a c c e p t s t h e s o n ' s r e b u t t a l i n a l l modes t y We r e a d o f s o c i a l o c c a s i o n s as when d a u g h t e r A g g i e w e n t t o h e r f i r s t h a l l , o f t h e m a r r i a g e s o f son and d a u g h t e r s , and h e a r h i s c o m p l a i n t s t h a t m i n i s t e r i a l l i f e s e p a r a t e s him f r o m h i s f a m i l y - Mrs F o w l d s w o u l d n o t l i v e i n W e l l i n g t o n

F o w l d s , an a d m i r e r o f J o h n S t u a r t M i l l , was a b e l i e v e r i n t h e e q u a l i t y o f women He and h i s b r i d e - t o - b e s i g n e d an A n t i - n u p t i a l C o n t r a c t ( s u r e l y t h a t s h o u l d be A n t e 7 ) i n wh i ch t h e k e y wo rds were ' t h e r e s h a l l be no communi ty o f p r o p e r t y ' I n p u b l i c l i f e he was w e l l - k n o w n as b e i n g s y m p a t h e t i c t o women's o r g a n i s a t i o n s , and he numbered many women amongst h i s c o r r e s p o n d e n t s , i n c l u d i n g C a t h e r i n e S p e n c e , E v e l i n e C u n m n g t o n , Ann W a t t W h i t e l a w , L M L a u r e n t , a n d E v e l y n and W i n i f r e d I s i t t

The most i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f t h e c o l l e c t i o n i s t h e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e w h i c h ,

s i r George Fowlds. T u r n b u l l L i b r a r y

f o r t h e m i n i s t e r i a l y e a r s , i s c o m p a r a t i v e l y m a s s i v e and d a u n t i n g . T o a i d access t o t h e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4 0 , 0 0 0 l e t t e r s I have p r o v i d e d some a d d i t i o n a l f i n d i n g a i d s as d e s c r i b e d be low The o u t w a r d l e t t e r s a r e c o n t a i n e d i n 7 5 l e t t e r b o o k s , most o f them o f 250 p a g e s , and t h e i n w a r d l e t t e r s a r e o f c o r r e s p o n d i n g v o l u m e . When i n o f f i c e , F o w l d s f i l l e d a l e t t e r book i n a b o u t t h r e e w e e k s , wh i ch a v e r a g e s a b o u t 1 0 l e t t e r s a w o r k i n g d a y Much o f t h i s i s r o u t i n e s t u f f a b o u t j o b s , v i s i t s , t r a v e l , c o n g r a t u l a t i o n s , c o m m i s e r a t i o n s and so o n , b u t i f anyone a t t e m p t s t h e s t e a d y r e a d i n g o f t h e o u t w a r d l e t t e r s , w h i c h a r e m c h r o n o l o g i c a l o r d e r , t h e panorama o f a m a n ' s l i f e and a s o c i e t y opens b e f o r e o n e . T h i s i s g i v e n c o n t i n u i t y by h i s r e g u l a r l e t t e r s t o Τ W O r r i n L o n d o n i n w h i c h he r e p o r t s on h i s own a c t i v i t i e s and h i s f a m i l y , comments on p o l i t i c s i n New Z e a l a n d and B r i t a i n , and e x p r e s s e s h i s o p i n i o n s on a w i d e a r r a y o f s u b j e c t s T h e O r r c o r r e s p o n d e n c e f r o m 1906 t o 1 9 1 8 p e r f o r m s t h e f u n c t i o n o f a j o u r n a l , i m p a r t i n g some o f t h e f a s c i n a t i o n o f B o s w e l l ' s J o u r n a l s w i t h t h e t h r e a d s o f v a r i o u s i n t e r e s t s b e i n g moved a s t e p f o r w a r d as t h e pages t u r n . Mos t o f t h e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e a c c u m u l a t e d be tween 1906 and 1 9 1 1 , when F o w l d s was M i n i s t e r o f E d u c a t i o n and P u b l i c H e a l t h D u r i n g t h i s t i m e he had t h e s e r v i c e s o f s u p p o r t i n g s t a f f , p a r t i c u l a r l y h i s P r i v a t e S e c r e t a r y , W i l l i a m C r o w , who had f o r m e r l y been S e d d o n ' s P r i v a t e S e c r e t a r y In t h e s e y e a r s t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l o f f i c e s t a f f gave F o w l d ' s p r i v a t e p a p e r s t h e c o h e r e n t s t r u c t u r e t h a t i s a p p a r e n t t o d a y - i n w a r d and o u t w a r d c o r r e s -p o n d e n c e ; i n f o r m a t i o n f i l e s ( m a i n l y c l i p p i n g s ) on s u b j e c t s and a c t i v i t i e s , d r a f t s o f s p e e c h e s , sermons e t c , and t h e i r p u b l i s h e d f o r m s , remembrances , i n v i t a t i o n s , d o c u m e n t s , i n c l u d i n g h i s s e a l s o f o f f i c e , f i l e s o f o r g a n i s a t i o n s » and p h o t o g r a p h s and o t h e r p i c t o r i a l m a t t e r W i t h t h e r e s o u r c e s o f t h e G o v e r n m e n t a t h i s d i s p o s a l F o w l d s was a b l e t o have h i s momentos mounted i n p r o p e r f a s h i o n , w i t h t h e c l i p p i n g s and p h o t o g r a p h s housed i n bound Vo lumes s u p p l i e d t o o r d e r by t h e G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t e r . I t i s t h e r e f o r e w e l l - o r g a n i s e d compared w i t h t h e s t a t e o f t h e o t h e r p r i v a t e c o l l e c t i o n s t h a t I have h a n d l e d

T h e p a p e r s were g i v e n t o A u c k l a n d U n i v e r s i t y C o l l e g e i n 1940 In 1 9 6 2 , u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e t h e n L i b r a r i a n A r t h u r S a n d a l ! , t h e L i b r a r y was a b l e t o f i n d a sma l l f u n d t o emp loy me t o p u t t h e c o l l e c t i o n i n o r d e r I n my s p a r e t i m e f r o m t e a c h i n g I p r e p a r e d an i n v e n t o r y , a r r a n g e d t h e m a t e r i a l i n s p e c i a l l y d e s i g n e d w a l l e t s and p l a c e d i t i n boxes The i n v e n t o r y was p u b l i s h e d as a B i b l i o g r a p h i c a l B u l l e t i n by t h e L i b r a r y i n 1 9 6 4 In i t I n o t e d t h a t t h e l a r g e r p o r t i o n o f t h e i n w a r d l e t t e r s were m i s s i n g I n 1 9 7 5 t h e m i s s i n g l e t t e r s , a b o u t t h r e e m e t r e s i n a l l , were f o u n d i n a s t o r e i n t h e O l d A r t s B u i l d i n g I o f f e r e d t o P e t e r D u r e y , A r t h u r S a n d a l l ' s s u c c e s s o r , t o i n c o r p o r a t e t h i s f i n d i n t h e c o l l e c t i o n , wh i ch I d i d on my r e t i r e m e n t i n 1 9 7 6 The I n v e n t o r y was r e v i s e d and c i r c u l a t e d w i t h t h e amendments gummed i n

When t h e i n d e x was c o m p l e t e d I d e c i d e d , s i n c e t h e c o l l e c t i o n was so l a r g e and i n t r a c t a b l e , t o work on an i n d e x o f c o r r e s p o n d e n t s S i n c e t h i s e n t a i l e d r e a d i n g r i g h t t h r o u g h t h e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e i t e m s , a t a s k t h a t was u n l i k e l y t o be r e p e a t e d , i t seemed s e n s i b l e t o make n o t e s o f s u b j e c t s c o v e r e d t h a t c o u l d be t h e b a s i s f o r a s e r i e s o f c a l e n d a r s I n t h e e v e n t I r e c e i v e d a sma l l g r a n t f r o m t h e U n i v e r s i t y t o p r e p a r e a c a l e n d a r o f p a p e r s r e l a t i n g t o A u c k l a n d U n i v e r s i t y C o l l e g e T h i s was t o a i d P r o f e s s o r K e i t h S i n c l a i r i n h i s t a s k o f p r e p a r i n g a h i s t o r y o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y A g r a n t was a l s o made f r o m t h e S i r D o u g l a s Robb Memor ia l F u n d ( S i r D o u g l a s was a f o r m e r C h a n c e l l o r ) t o w a r d s t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f c a l e n d a r s on H e a l t h , E d u c a t i o n and P o l i t i c s A f t e r t h r e e y e a r s t h e index and t h e c a l e n d a r s a r e now r e a d y f o r p u b l i c a t i o n The index i n c l u d e s s e l e c t e d s u b j e c t h e a d i n g s , s i n c e an i n d e x o f c o r r e s p o n d e n t s a l o n e w o u l d have f a i l e d t o r e v e a l much i m p o r t a n t m a t e r i a l

The p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e index p r e s e n t e d a number o f p rob lems stemming f r o m t h e s c a l e o f t h e o p e r a t i o n compared w i t h a book i n d e x I t was n o t p o s s i b l e o r d e s i r a b l e t o i n d e x a l l t h e l e t t e r s . I t was t h e r e f o r e n e c e s s a r y t o e x c l u d e c e r t a i n c a t e g o r i e s o f l e t t e r s - t h o s e t h a t were ' o n c e r s ' , b e g g i n g l e t t e r s , r e q u e s t s f o r an i n t e r v i e w , h o n o r i f i c s , and r o u t i n e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e m a t t e r s , e t c S e c o n d l y , t h e w r i t i n g i n some s e t s was a l m o s t i l l e g i b l e , as i n t h e case o f Ma t t hew F o w l d s , and w o u l d t a k e t o o much t ime t o d e c i p h e r T h i r d l y , t h e raw m a t e r i a l was so v o l u m i n o u s t h a t t h e s u b j e c t h e a d i n g s c o u l d o n l y be s a m p l i n g s o f t h e many l e t t e r s t h a t a r e t h e r e on any p a r t i c u l a r s u b j e c t The index i s t h e r e f o r e h i g h l y s e l e c t i v e

A n o t h e r p rob lem was t o d e v i s e a n o t a t i o n c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e page numbers o f t h e vo lumes S i n c e t h e two s e r i e s i n v o l v e d ( 1 ' L e t t e r s S e n t ' and 2 ' L e t t e r s R e c e i v e d 1 ) have a combined a l p h a b e t i c a l and c h r o n o l o g i c a l a r r a n g e m e n t , t h e index n o t a t i o n w o u l d a l s o have t o combine t h e e l e m e n t s o f name and d a t e A f t e r much c o n s u l t a t i o n and e x p e r i m e n t a c a l l s i g n s y s t e m was d e v e l o p e d , w h e r e b y t h e i n i t i a l name i n t h e index i s t h e name u n d e r wh i ch t h e l e t t e r i s f i l e d , u n l e s s a second name i s gven a f t e r t h e d a t e The i n i t i a l name can t h e r e f o r e be e i t h e r t h a t o f a d d r e s s e e , a d d r e s s o r , o r s u b j e c t , v i z

A b b o t t J R 1 / 2 7 1 9 0 7 3 A g ( F o w l d s w r o t e t o J R A on t h a t d a t e ) A b b o t t J R 2 / 1 3 5 1 9 0 7 3 S ( J R A w r o t e t o G F on t h a t d a t e ) E d u c a t i o n 2 / 1 3 8 1 9 0 7 1 1 D M u r f i t t Ρ (PM w r o t e t o G F a b o u t e d u c a t i o n

m a t t e r s on t h a t d a t e and t h e l e t t e r was f i l e d unde r ' E d u c a t i o n ' ) Chea l Ρ 2 / 3 7 1899 15 J a Seddon R J ( R J S w r o t e t o G F a b o u t PC on t h a t

d a t e , and t h e l e t t e r was f i l e d unde r ' S e d d o n ' )

The c a l l s i g n s y s t e m i s d e s c r i b e d i n more d e t a i l i n t h e I n t r o d u c t i o n t o the Index.

The c a l e n d a r s c o n s i s t o f n o t e s o f t h e c o n t e n t s o f s e l e c t e d l e t t e r s . These a re s e t o u t in c h r o n o l o g i c a l o r d e r T h e y p r o v i d e a k i n d o f j o u r n a l o f F o w l d s ' s i n v o l v e m e n t i n each o f t h e s u b j e c t s s e l e c t e d M a n u s c r i p t and a r c h i v a l s o u r c e s a r e r a t h e r t h i n f o r t h i s p e r i o d so t h a t F o w l d s ' s m i n i s t e r i a l pape rs f i l l a gap in t h e r e c o r d The t h r e e t h a t I chose t o work on were f i r s t the conce rns o f h i s most i m p o r t a n t m i n i s t r i e s , E d u c a t i o n and H e a l t h , and P o l i t i c s The l a t t e r c a l e n d a r i l l u s t r a t e s h i s p o l i t i c a l l i f e unde r t he Seddon and Ward a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s and h i s s u b s e q u e n t i n v o l v e m e n t w i t h t h e U n i t e d L a b o u r P a r t y The c a l e n d a r s , as w i t h t h e index, a r e h i g h l y s e l e c t i v e and a r e i n t e n d e d t o g i v e an i n d i c a t i o n o f t h e c o n t e n t o f spec imen l e t t e r s and t o show where in t h e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e more m a t e r i a l on t h e s u b j e c t s i s l i k e l y t o be f o u n d

The s t r e n g t h s o f t h e c o l l e c t i o n l i e i n t h e c o v e r a g e o f p o l i t i c a l and s o c i a l i s s u e s o f t h e L i b e r a l and W o r l d War I p e r i o d i n New Z e a l a n d Because o f h i s s t r o n g r e l i g i o u s , s o c i a l and p o l i t i c a l c o n v i c t i o n s , F o w l d s was a c t i v e i n p u b l i c l i f e t o p romote h i s b e l i e f s i n F r e e T r a d e , t h e S i n g l e T a x and i t s c o n c o m i t a n t , R a t i n g on t h e U n i m p r o v e d V a l u e , t he e q u a l i t y o f women, P r o -p o r t i o n a l R e p r e s e n t a t i o n , T e m p e r a n c e , and so on In a d d i t i o n , F o w l d s ' s i n v o l v e m e n t i n b u s i n e s s , g o v e r n m e n t , chu rch and o t h e r a s s o c i a t i o n s , i s a means o f p r o v i d i n g a c o n s p e c t u s o f c o n t e m p o r a r y l i f e The b e g g i n g l e t t e r s t h a t he r e c e i v e d as a M i n i s t e r add up t o a b r o a d s o c i a l commentary We a r e a l s o g i v e n an i n s i d e v iew o f t h e d a y - t o - d a y d i f f i c u l t i e s o f t h e G o v e r n m e n t and t h e d e p a r t m e n t s o f s t a t e w i t h wh ich he was conce rned F o r t h o s e s i x y e a r s o f o f f i c e t h e r e a d e r i s a t t h e m i n i s t e r ' s desk s h a r i n g h i s p rob lems In

a d d i t i o n we see h im as t h e f a m i l y man , t h e b u s i n e s s m a n , t h e l e a d e r i n t h e C o n g r e g a t i o n a l Church and o t h e r f i e l d s T h r o u g h h i s p a p e r s we g a i n a p i c t u r e n o t o n l y o f h i s l i f e , b u t o f t h e l i f e o f h i s t i m e

R o g e r s , F r a n k The Fowlds Papers, an inventory of the Sir George Fowlds Collection. R e v . e d A u c k l a n d , A u c k l a n d U n i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y , 1 9 7 7

The Fowlds Papers, a calendar of material relating to Auckland University College, 1 9 0 7 - 1 9 4 0 . A u c k l a n d , A r c h i v e s P r e s s , 1 9 8 0 .

The Fowlds Papers, a calendar of letters relating to Education 1899-1933. A u c k l a n d , A r c h i v e s P r e s s , 1 9 8 0 .

The Fowlds Papers, a calendar of letters relating to Health 1900-1933. A u c k l a n d , A r c h i v e s P r e s s , 1980

The Fowlds Papers; a calendar of letters relating to Politics 1895-1933. A u c k l a n d , A r c h i v e s P r e s s , 1980

The Fowlds Papers, Index of correspondents and subjects, 1 8 7 8 - 1 9 3 4 . A u c k l a n d , A r c h i v e s P r e s s , 1 9 8 0 .

F r a n k R o g e r s A u c k l a n d

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T h e J u n e i s s u e o f Archifacts c o n t a i n e d a l e t t e r by me d e s i g n e d t o b r i n g t o p u b l i c n o t i c e t h e c o n d i t i o n o f t h e Nash p a p e r s as seen by a h i s t o r i a n s e e k i n g access M iss H o r n a b r o o k ' s r e p l y w a s , t o me, most u n s a t i s f a c t o r y , m i x e d as i t was w i t h d e r o g a t o r y comments as t o my p r o f e s s i o n a l a b i l i t i e s T o f o c u s on h e r e x p l a n a t i o n , h o w e v e r , I w o u l d a p p r e c i a t e comment on t h e f o l l o w i n g

( 1 ) W h i l e we a g r e e t h e Nash p a p e r s r e q u i r e t h e a t t e n t i o n o f a f u l l - t i m e p r o f e s s i o n a l a r c h i v i s t , M i ss H o r n a b r o o k d e f e n d s e n l i s t i n g t h e s e r v i c e s o f a " s e n i o r , l o n g - s e r v i n g F o r e i g n A f f a i r s o f f i c e r w i t h a c l o s e know ledge o f t h e a r e a and many p e o p l e c o v e r e d b y t h e p a p e r s " H a r d l y a b a s i s f o r t h e " e x p e r t i s e " n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e i r a r r a n g e m e n t and d e s c r i p t i o n

( 2 ) The compu te r a p p l i c a t i o n t a l k e d o f s t i l l r e q u i r e s a p r e l i m i n a r y manual a r r a n g e m e n t and d e s c r i p t i o n . Two a r c h i v i s t s i n 1 9 7 5 were b o t h q u a l i f i e d and w i l l i n g t o do t h i s y e t no move was made , n o t even one day a week s e t a s i d e W h y '

( 3 ) D i s c o v e r i n g t h e i n a d e q u a c y o f t h e b u n d l e l i s t as a f i n d i n g a i d can h a r d l y be c a l l e d p r o g r e s s as t h i s was known f o u r y e a r s ago S i r W a l t e r ' s c a r d i n d e x e s , t o o , b e a r l i t t l e r e l a t i o n t o t h e p a p e r s i n t h e i r c u r r e n t s t a t e and a re u n l i k e l y t o be based on a r c h i v a l p r i n c i p l e s , wh i ch must be a d h e r e d

t o f o r a compe ten t and p r o f e s s i o n a l a r r a n g e m e n t I s t h i s n o t so?

( 4 ) Do t h e " o t h e r demands" o f a r c h i v i s t s r e a l l y d e t r a c t f r o m a t t e n t i o n b e i n g g i v e n t o t h e Nash p a p e r s 7 T h e work o f a p p r a i s a l s h a l l p r o b a b l y c o n t i n u e as l o n g as t h e r e a r e a r c h i v e s , so can h a r d l y be advanced as an e x c u s e f o r i n a c t i o n i n o t h e r f i e l d s The c a r t o g r a p h i c a r c h i v e s , wh i ch t o o r e q u i r e t h e a t t e n t i o n o f an e x p e r t , have t o my knowledge r e c e i v e d l i t t l e t r e a t m e n t o t h e r t h a n b e i n g r a i s e d o f f t h e f l o o r A r c h i v e s ' new f u n c t i o n u n d e r t h e L o c a l G o v e r n m e n t A c t has n o t , as y e t , been p u t i n t o o p e r a t i o n and t h e needs o f c o n s e r v a t i o n a r e n o t i n any case f u l f i l l e d by a r c h i v i s t s .

( 5 ) Why, a f t e r f i v e y e a r s o f i n a c t i v i t y , a r e t h e Nash p a p e r s s u d d e n l y u n d e r g o i n g a c r a s h t h r e e - m o n t h a r r a n g e m e n t and d e s c r i p t i o n p rog ramme, c a r r i e d o u t f o r t h e most p a r t by j u n i o r a r c h i v i s t s 7 Such an a p p r o a c h smacks t o a g r e a t e r d e g r e e o f " s i m p l i c i t y and u n p r o f e s s i o n a l i s m " t h a n a n y t h i n g I p r e v i o u s l y s u g g e s t e d How can " a d i s o r g a n i s e d mass o f 200 m e t r e s o f p a p e r s i n some 2000 b u n d l e s " be p u t i n o r d e r i n t h a t t i m e 7 A r e t h e p r i n c i p l e s l a i d down i n S c h e l l e n b e r g ' s Modern Archives, o r more a p p r o p r i a t e l y i n D u c k e t t ' s Modern Manuscripts g o i n g t o be f o l l o w e d 7

( 6 ) Why d i d n o t N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s , h a v i n g f o u n d a s t a b l e e n v i r o n m e n t i n wh ich r u s t does n o t g r o w , p a t e n t t h e i r d i s c o v e r y 7 T h e y c o u l d have used t h e p r o c e e d s t o emp loy a few more a r c h i v i s t s

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Mr T h e o b a l d ' s second l e t t e r has two c r i t i c i s m s o f N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s ' t r e a t -ment o f t h e Nash p a p e r s F i r s t he accuses us o f n e g l e c t .

I t i s p l a i n he i s n o t aware o f w h a t has been done and t h a t p r i o r i t i e s have t o be s e t I n common w i t h many a r c h i v e s i n s t i t u t i o n s N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s has had t o f a c e a s t e a d i l y i n c r e a s i n g vo lume o f work i n a l l a r e a s , and one r e s u l t i s t h a t a r r a n g e m e n t and d e s c r i p t i o n has been s e v e r e l y s q u e e z e d by t h e immed ia te demands o f t h e p u b l i c and g o v e r n m e n t d e p a r t m e n t s N o r does he seem t o a p p r e c i a t e t h e d i s r u p t i v e e f f e c t o f t h e move t o o u r p r e s e n t p r e m i s e s , r e q u i r i n g as i t d i d a v a s t i n p u t o f t i m e f r o m a l l s t a f f f r o m 1 9 7 5 u n t i l w e l l i n t o 1 9 7 8 In t h e s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s t h e e a g e r n e s s o f a r c h i v i s t s t o t a c k l e t h e Nash p a p e r s had t o be f r u s t r a t e d

The more s e r i o u s a c c u s a t i o n i s t h a t o f an u n p r o f e s s i o n a l s p u r t i n a c t i v i t y Mr T h e o b a l d has l o s t s i g h t o f an i m p o r t a n t d i s t i n c t i o n o p e n i n g a c o l l e c t i o n f o r p u b l i c r e s e a r c h i s n o t n e c e s s a r i l y t a n t a m o u n t t o a f i n a l a r r a n g e m e n t and d e s c r i p t i o n T h e r e a r e t h r e e components i n t h e work o f p r o c e s s i n g by a r c h i v i s t s F i r s t i s p h y s i c a l c o n t r o l assuming t h e p h y s i c a l i n t e g r i t y o f t h e c o l l e c t i o n and p r o v i d i n g t h e u s e r w i t h a means o f p r e c i s e c i t a t i o n Second i s i n t e l l e c t u a l c o n t r o l , t h e r e s u l t s o f wh ich a r e e v i d e n t t o u s e r s i n f i n d i n g a i d s T h i r d i s access c o n t r o l , t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f i t e m s o f a s e n s i t i v e n a t u r e and d e t e r m i n i n g o f t h e n a t u r e o f t h e r e s t r i c t i o n t o be imposed Where o n e . o r two a r c h i v i s t s a r e p r o c e s s i n g a sma l l c o l l e c t i o n t h e t h r e e components a re e n t w i n e d - f o r examp le t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f o r i g i n a l o r d e r w i l l be r e f l e c t e d i n t h e f i n a l p h y s i c a l a r r a n g e m e n t and t h e a p p e a r a n c e o f t h e c o l l e c t i o n t o t h e u s e r w i l l be t h a t e v i d e n t t o a r c h i v i s t s The

components may be s e p a r a t e d and i n p r o c e s s i n g a l a r g e c o l l e c t i o n , such as t h e Nash P a p e r s , i t i s r e a s o n a b l e t o do so

T h e s e p r i n c i p l e s were f i r m l y i n mind when c o n s i d e r i n g t h e P u b l i c T r u s t e e ' s r e q u e s t e a r l y t h i s y e a r t o open t h e c o l l e c t i o n as soon as p o s s i b l e , r a t h e r t h a n e x t e n d t h e p e r i o d o f t o t a l c l o s u r e u n t i l 1990 We d e c i d e d t o f i x t h e a r r a n g e m e n t o f t h e p a p e r s as t h a t o f t h e b u n d l e s made ( a n d l i s t e d ) in 1969 and as s u b s e q u e n t l y used by P r o f e s s o r S i n c l a i r P h y s i c a l c o n t r o l i s b e i n g e s t a b l i s h e d by f o l i o number ing w i t h a u t o m a t i c number ing mach ines ' T h i s a l l o w s p r e c i s e r e f e r e n c e t o any i t e m - p r o v i d i n g u s e r s w i t h an i n t e l l i g i b l e s h o r t h a n d c i t a t i o n , e n a b l i n g t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f any document w h i c h needs r e s t r i c t e d access w i t h o u t c l o s i n g a d j a c e n t i t e m s b u n d l e d w i t h i t and p e r -m i t t i n g t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f more d e t a i l e d s e r i e s d e s c r i p t i o n s , a t a l a t e r d a t e .

The s h o r t t e r m p r i c e f o r a c c e l e r a t e d o p e n i n g i s i n t h e f i n d i n g a i d s T h e r e i s o f c o u r s e much r e s e a r c h and d e s c r i p t i v e l i s t i n g s t i l l t o do d e t a i l e d and p r e c i s e s e r i e s i d e n t i f i c a t i o n and a n a l y s i s w i l l p r o c e e d f r o m t h i s work The d e s c r i p t i o n s c o m p i l e d i n t h e o r i g i n a l b u n d l i n g p r o c e s s have been much enhanced d u r i n g t h e p a s t s i x m o n t h s , n o t o n l y by a r c h i v i s t s , s e n i o r as w e l l as j u n i o r , b u t a l s o by t h e s p e c i a l a s s i s t a n t whoée l o n g e x p e r i e n c e i n F o r e i g n A f f a i r s p r o v i d e s mos t h e l p f u l f i r s t hand know ledge o f t h e p e r i o d . I t i s by no means unusua l t o e n l i s t p e o p l e w i t h s p e c i a l i s e d know ledge t o a s s i s t w i t h comparab le p r o j e c t s i n New Z e a l a n d , and o v e r s e a s in a r c h i v e s p r o j e c t s I h a v e l a i d down c r i t e r i a f o r r e s t r i c t i o n s and a l l s t a f f mak ing b u n d l e a s s e s s m e n t s have been i n s t r u c t e d t o o b s e r v e them I n t h i s c o n t e x t t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f s p e c i a l i s t know ledge i n c e r t a i n a r e a s has been v a l u a b l e

I n i t i a l l y r e s e a r c h e r s w i s h i n g t o use t h a t p o r t i o n o f t h e c o l l e c t i o n wh i ch i s open w i l l be a s s i s t e d by an e d i t e d v e r s i o n o f o u r w o r k i n g p a p e r s , a d e s c r i p t i v e l i s t - i n v a r y i n g d e t a i l - i n b u n d l e number o r d e r More c o n v e n t i o n a l s e r i e s g u i d e s w i l l come l a t e r In a d d i t i o n , t h e r e l e v a n t p o r t i o n s o f t h e Nash i n d e x e s w i l l p r o v e h e l p f u l , - e v e n t hough a l l t h e c r o s s -r e f e r e n c e s i n them a r e as y e t i m p e r f e c t l y u n d e r s t o o d I t i s an i m p o r t a n t a r c h i v a l p r i n c i p l e t o p r e s e r v e and use such c o n t e m p o r a r y f i n d i n g a i d s

J u d i t h H o r n a b r o o k C h i e f A r c h i v i s t

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««**·**·«»·**·****»»*·***«*******»*««*««*****»*****·»*·***# * * I SMITH REPORT I * * * * * S P E C I A L B A R G A I N O F F E R * * — * * * * T h i s v e r y u s e f u l r e p o r t on t h e s t a t e o f New Z e a l a n d * * a r c h i v e s p u b l i s h e d i n 1 9 7 8 and w r i t t e n b y D r W i l f r e d * * I S m i t h , Dom in i on A r c h i v i s t o f C a n a d a , i s now o f f e r e d * * f o r s a l e a t a much r e d u c e d p r i c e A l s o o f f e r e d w i t h * * i t i s a copy o f t h e p u b l i s h e d p r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e * * Symposium on t h e S m i t h r e p o r t h e l d a t t h e A s s o c i a t i o n ' s * * annua l c o n f e r e n c e i n W e l l i n g t o n i n 1 9 7 8 and i s s u e d as * * Archifacts 7 and 8 * * * * * * P r i c e S m i t h R e p o r t and Symposium *

* * * Members $1 00 * * Non-Members $1 50 * * * * S m i t h R e p o r t o n l y # * Members $0 50 * * Non-Members $1 00 * * * * O r d e r s s h o u l d be s e n t t o t h e S e c r e t a r y , A R A N Z , * * Ρ 0 Box 1 1 ^ 5 5 3 , W e l l i n g t o n * * * * * *«****«*»************«»«**************«****#*«***»***«»***·

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By a r r a n g e m e n t w i t h t h e P u b l i c T r u s t e e a m a j o r p o r t i o n o f t he p r i v a t e and p o l i t i c a l p a p e r s o f S i r W a l t e r N a s h , M i n i s t e r o f F i n a n c e i n t h e f i r s t L a b o u r G o v e r n m e n t , 1935 t o 1 9 4 9 , and P r ime M i n i s t e r o f t h e second f r o m 1 9 5 7 t o 1 9 6 0 , w i l l be open t o p u b l i c i n s p e c t i o n a t N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s f r o m M o n d a y , 1 December O f t h e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1850 b u n d l e s o f p a p e r o c c u p y i n g a b o u t 250 l i n e a r m e t r e s o f s h e l f s p a c e , some 900 b u n d l e s r e l a t i n g t o t h e p e r i o d u n t i l 1 9 4 9 , when t h e f i r s t L a b o u r gove rnmen t f e l l , w i l l be a v a i l a b l e T h e y i n c l u d e p e r s o n a l p a p e r s , documents r e l a t i n g t o t h e r i s e o f t h e New Z e a l a n d L a b o u r P a r t y p r i o r t o 1 9 3 5 , p o l i t i c a l p a p e r s c o n c e r n i n g t h e f i r s t L a b o u r gove rnmen t and i t s programme o f economic and s o c i a l r e f o r m , and documents c o n c e r n i n g t h e c o n d u c t o f New Z e a l a n d ' s war e f f o r t and p o s t - w a r r e c o v e r y u n t i l 1949 The p a p e r s w i l l be r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e , e x c e p t t h o s e w h i c h c o n t a i n c o n f i d e n t i a l i n f o r m a t i o n on l i v i n g p e r s o n s , " s h a r e d " documents

w i t h o t h e r g o v e r n m e n t s , and g o v e r n m e n t p a p e r s wh i ch have a r e s t r i c t i v e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . In some o f t h e s e cases access may be a p p r o v e d a f t e r a p p l i c a t i o n t o t h e C h i e f A r c h i v i s t .

I t i s i n t e n d e d t h a t t h e p a p e r s up t o t h e s t a r t o f t h e second L a b o u r g o v e r n -ment i n 1 9 5 7 w i l l be opened by O c t o b e r o f n e x t y e a r , and t h a t by O c t o b e r o f t h e f o l l o w i n g y e a r t h e who le c o l l e c t i o n , i n c l u d i n g p a p e r s r e l a t i n g t o t h e second L a b o u r g o v e r n m e n t , s u b j e c t t o n e c e s s a r y c o n t i n u i n g r e s t r i c t i o n s , w i l l be open

N E W Z E A L A N D E R S A T I N T E R N A T I O N A L A R C H I V E S C O N G R E S S

An u n p r e c e d e n t e d number o f New Z e a l a n d e r s a t t e n d e d t h e I X t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n g r e s s on A r c h i v e s o r g a n i s e d by t h e U N E S C O a f f i l i a t e d I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o u n c i l on A r c h i v e s a t London i n S e p t e m b e r T h e y were J u d i t h H o r n a b r o o k , C h i e f A r c h i v i s t , N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s , Rosemary C o l l i e r , f o r m e r l y S e n i o r A r c h i v i s t , N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s , P e t e r M i l l e r , A r c h i v i s t , Hocken L i b r a r y , and F r a n k R o g e r s , a r c h i v e s e n t h u s i a s t f r o m A u c k l a n d

A t t h e Cong ress M iss H o r n a b r o o k was e l e c t e d t o t he 1 4 member E x e c u t i v e Commi t tee o f I C A f o r t h e y e a r s 1984 t o 1 9 8 6 , and a f t e r w a r d s she a t t e n d e d a s e n i o r a r c h i v e s management c o u r s e a t E a s t h a m p s t e a d o r g a n i s e d by t h e B r i t i s h C o u n c i l

I m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r t h e C o n g r e s s Rosemary C o l l i e r , F r a n k R o g e r s , and a l s o J e a v o n s B a i l l i e , C o n s e r v a t i o n O f f i c e r , N a t i o n a l L i b r a r y o f New Z e a l a n d , a t t e n d e d t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n f e r e n c e on t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n o f l i b r a r y and a r c h i v e m a t e r i a l s and t h e g r a p h i c a r t s s p o n s o r e d by t h e S o c i e t y o f A r c h i v i s t s and t h e I n s t i t u t e o f P a p e r C o n s e r v a t i o n a t Cambr idge U n i v e r s i t y .

I N T E R N A T I O N A L R E C O R D S M A N A G E M E N T F E D E R A T I O N

A R A N Z i s a member o f t h e IRMF as a r e s u l t o f wh i ch we r e c e i v e ARMA Records Management Quarterly. C o p i e s o f t h e s e f r o m J a n u a r y 1980 and o f Information s Records Management f r o m November 1 9 7 9 - a m o n t h l y p u b l i c a t i o n - a r e a v a i l -a b l e f o r p e r u s a l a t B N Z A r c h i v e s i n W e l l i n g t o n I t may be p o s s i b l e t o a r r a n g e a m a i l i n g l i s t b u t p l e a s e do n o t a l l r u s h a t once A d d r e s s f o r c o r r e s p o n d e n c e i s B N Z A r c h i v e s , Ρ 0 Box 2 3 9 2 , W e l l i n g t o n S t r e e t a d d r e s s f o r v i s i t o r s i s Second F l o o r , B N Z B u i l d i n g , 100 C o u r t e n a y P l a c e , W e l l i n g t o n E n t r y t h r o u g h t h e Bank d u r i n g b a n k i n g hou rs

I N T E R N A T I O N A L R E C O R D S R E T E N T I O N S U R V E Y R E P O R T

The IRMF has announced t he i s s u e o f t h e above R e p o r t on i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e c o r d s r e t e n t i o n p r a c t i c e s I t i s based on r e s p o n s e s t o a q u e s t i o n n a i r e s e n t t o 1 8 o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n 1 3 c o u n t r i e s ( i n c l u d i n g New Z e a l a n d ) and seven l aw f i r m s i n seven c o u n t r i e s I t w i l l be i s s u e d f r e e t o a l l IRMF members ( i n c l u d i n g t h e P r e s i d e n t o f A R A N Z ) b u t can o t h e r w i s e be p u r c h a s e d f o r $US25 f r o m I R M F , Ρ 0 Box 1 9 3 2 , R a c i n e WI 5 3 4 0 1 , U S A

N E W M A R L B O R O U G H A R C H I V E S A S S O C I A T I O N

A s e v e n - s t r o n g s t e e r i n g commi t tee was f o r m e d a t a p u b l i c m e e t i n g i n B l e n h e i m on 29 S e p t e m b e r t o p romo te t h e b u i l d i n g o f a new a r c h i v e s - m u s e u m p r e m i s e s f o r M a r l b o r o u g h . A t t h e m e e t i n g w h i c h was a t t e n d e d by a b o u t 60 p e o p l e i t was s t a t e d t h a t $20 ,000 w h i c h c o u l d be used f o r t h e p u r p o s e was h e l d i n v a r i o u s a c c o u n t s and 2 h e c t a r e s o f l a n d was a v a i l a b l e a t B rayshaw P a r k The c h a i r -man o f t h e M a r l b o r o u g h U n i t e d C o u n c i l , M r Tom B r y a n t , s a i d h i s c o u n c i l c o u l d g i v e a s s i s t a n c e i f i t s f o u r c o n s t i t u e n t members - P i c t o n and B l e n h e i m Bo rough and K a i k o u r a and M a r l b o r o u g h C o u n t i e s - c o u l d be c o n v i n c e d t h a t an a r c h i v e s b u i l d i n g w o u l d be a w o r t h w h i l e r e g i o n a l p r o j e c t He s a i d t h a t by law such u n i t e d c o u n c i l s u p p o r t had t o be unan imous . The m e e t i n g , wh ich had been convened by Mr N e v i l l e M a t t h e w s , P r e s i d e n t o f t he M a r l b o r o u g h H i s t o r i c a l S o c i e t y , d e c i d e d t h a t t he s t e e r i n g commi t tee s h o u l d r e p o r t back n e x t y e a r when a M a r l b o r o u g h A r c h i v e s and Museum A s s o c i a t i o n w i l l be f o r m a l l y s e t up

W E L L I N G T O N C U L T U R A L C O N S E R V A T O R S

W e l l i n g t o n C u l t u r a l C o n s e r v a t o r s i s t h e name o f a g roup o f p e o p l e who have met m o n t h l y f o r o v e r a y e a r t o d i s c u s s t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n o f c u l t u r a l and h i s t o r i c a l m a t e r i a l N o t s u r p r i s i n g l y , t h e m a j o r i t y o f members a r e p r o -f e s s i o n a l l y i n v o l v e d i n c o n s e r v a t i o n I n t h e g r o u p we have a Document R e s t o r e r , a Map M o u n t e r , a C u r a t o r o f P r i n t s and s e v e r a l a s s o r t e d C o n s e r v a -t i o n O f f i c e r s and A s s i s t a n t s , L i b r a r i a n s and A r c h i v i s t s

E s s e n t i a l l y , o u r a im i s t o p r o v i d e a f o rum i n wh ich p e o p l e , i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n o f i t e m s h e l d i n a r c h i v e s , a r t g a l l e r i e s and museums, can d i s c u s s t h e i r w o r k , t h e i r p rob lems and g e n e r a l l y any i d e a s o f i n t e r e s t

The f o r m a t o f each m e e t i n g v a r i e s We have c o n d u c t e d e x p e r i m e n t s i n workshop s e s s i o n s on such t o p i c s as t h e e f f e c t s o f a c i d i t y , h u m i d i t y and u l t r a v i o l e t l i g h t D r N a t h a n S t o l o w has a d d r e s s e d t h e g roup on h i s work i n m i c r o e n v i r o n m e n t s And s e v e r a l p e o p l e f r o m f i r m s wh i ch s u p p l y c o n s e r -v a t i o n m a t e r i a l have spoken On a number o f o c c a s i o n s we have wa tched a f i l m on some a s p e c t o f o u r work One p r a c t i c a l e x e r c i s e t h a t t he g roup t o o k p a r t i n , i n v o l v e d a s i m u l a t e d f i r e f i g h t i n g s i t u a t i o n , i n wh i ch we had t o stem t he f l o w o f w a t e r down a s t a i r w e l l t o p r o t e c t an i m a g i n a r y c o l l e c t i o n o f v a l u a b l e c u l t u r a l m a t e r i a l on t h e f l o o r be low The g roup i s now c o n s i d e r i n g a p l a n t o use u n i v e r s a l l y r e c o g n i s e d symbo ls t o f a c i l i t a t e t h e rescue o f m a t e r i a l o f g r e a t c u l t u r a l v a l u e i n t h e e v e n t o f a d i s a s t e r

We w i l l g l a d l y r e c e i v e any e n q u i r i e s f r o m anyone i n t e r e s t e d i n o u r a c t i v i t i e s W r i t e t o K e v i n B o u r k e , A r c h i v i s t , A N Z B a n k i n g G r o u p (New Z e a l a n d ) L t d , Ρ 0 Box 1 4 9 2 , W e l l i n g t o n

B N Z A R C H I V E S C O N S E R V A T I O N A P P O I N T M E N T

The BNZ A r c h i v e s , wh ich was e s t a b l i s h e d i n 1 9 7 3 , a p p o i n t e d a C o n s e r v a t o r on 18 A u g u s t l a s t A c o n s e r v a t i o n l a b o r a t o r y has been s e t up w i t h b a s i c e q u i p m e n t c o m p r i s i n g a l i g h t - t a b l e , fume c a b i n e t and v a r i o u s m i s c e l l a n e o u s i t ems such as a " M a g i l a m p " , t a c k i n g i r o n , s i p h o n , wash ing t r a y s , s team i r o n , l e t t e r p r e s s , e t c The f u l l - t i m e c o n s e r v a t o r , M a r j o r i e P a r k , has had f i v e y e a r s e x p e r i e n c e a t N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s where she a s s i s t e d w i t h t h e e s t a b l i s h -

ment o f t h e i r c o n s e r v a t i o n l a b o r a t o r y The s t a f f a t B N Z A r c h i v e s now number f o u r two f u l l - t i m e and two p a r t - t i m e

T U R N B U L L A P P O I N T M E N T S

D a v i d R e t t e r , f o r m e r l y a r c h i v i s t a t N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s , was a p p o i n t e d F i r s t A s s i s t a n t i n t h e M a n u s c r i p t s S e c t i o n o f t h e A l e x a n d e r T u r n b u l l L i b r a r y f r o m A u g u s t He has an MA d e g r e e f r o m t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f C a n t e r b u r y and was a t N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s f r o m 1 9 7 8 - 8 0 , where h i s m a m e x p e r i e n c e was i n t h e R e f e r e n c e D e p a r t m e n t . H i s a p p o i n t m e n t i s a new one i n v o l v i n g f o r w a r d p l a n n -i n g , s u p e r v i s i o n o f w o r k , s t a f f t r a i n i n g , as w e l l as a r r a n g e m e n t and d e s c r i p -t i o n , and r e f e r e n c e w o r k .

K e v i n S t e w a r t has been a p p o i n t e d M a n u s c r i p t s A s s i s t a n t f r o m A u g u s t 1980 a f t e r f i v e months as a T E P w o r k e r i n t h e M a n u s c r i p t s S e c t i o n An MA g r a d u a t e f r o m Massey U n i v e r s i t y , he t a u g h t E n g l i s h and H i s t o r y f r o m 1 9 7 2 - 7 9 i n Wanganui and H a m i l t o n He i s c u r r e n t l y c o - a u t h o r i n g a h i s t o r y o f Wanganui C o u n t y f o r t h e C o u n t y C o u n c i l

N A T I O N A L A R C H I V E S A P P O I N T M E N T S

M a r g a r e t R e t t e r , who was p r e v i o u s l y w i t h N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s f r o m 1 9 7 8 - 7 9 , r e j o i n e d t h e s t a f f i n O c t o b e r a f t e r one y e a r ' s l e a v e o f absence

Mark S t e v e n s and Wayne N e l s o n j o i n e d N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s i n A u g u s t and S e p t e m b e r r e s p e c t i v e l y Mark g r a d u a t e d M A . i n H i s t o r y f r o m V i c t o r i a U n i v e r s i t y i n 1 9 7 6 w i t h a t h e s i s on New Z e a l a n d d e f e n c e f o r c e s and d e f e n c e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n 1 8 7 0 - 1 9 0 0 , and a f t e r w a r d s t a u g h t h i s t o r y a t Mana C o l l e g e H i s main i n t e r e s t i s m i l i t a r y h i s t o r y Wayne i s a l s o a h i s t o r y g r a d u a t e f r o m V i c t o r i a U n i v e r s i t y F o r h i s M A t h e s i s he w r o t e an i n t e l l e c t u a l b i o g r a p h y o f F r a n k L l o y d W r i g h t He i s a keen d r a w e r and v e r y i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e h i s t o r y o f p h o t o g r a p h y

R o b e r t K e r r - H i s l o p was a p p o n n t e d i n S e p t e m b e r S c i e n c e T e c h n i c i a n ( C o n s e r v a t i o n ) i n p l a c e o f Mrs M a r j o r i e P a r k who l e f t in A u g u s t t o e s t a b l i s h a c o n s e r v a t i o n u n i t i n t h e Bank o f New Z e a l a n d A r c h i v e s

N A T I O N A L A R C H I V E S C H A N G E O F A D D R E S S

P l e a s e n o t e t h a t N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s new p o s t a l a d d r e s s i s Ρ 0 Box 6 1 4 8 , Te A r o , W e l l i n g t o n .

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a a » » » » » * » * * * » * * » * * » * * * * » » * * * * » » * » » m it it » it μ κ k h » it « » it κ mi * * î î Ζ . . f o r p e o p l e i n t e r e s t e d i n l o c a l h i s t o r y . . t * * * THE A U C K L A N D - WAIKATO H I S T O R I C A L J O U R N A L $

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has 40 p a g e s , w e l l - p r i n t e d and i l l u s t r a t e d , and i t a ims t o $ * p r e s e r v e a u t h e n t i c m a t e r i a l d e a l i n g w i t h t h e e v e r y d a y l i f e o f t h e $ * p e o p l e o f t h i s r e g i o n d u r i n g t h e 1 9 t h and e a r l y 2 0 t h c e n t u r i e s * * Mos t o f t h e e s s a y s and p h o t o g r a p h s a r e c o n t r i b u t e d by members $ * o f t h e v a r i o u s h i s t o r i c a l s o c i e t i e s i n t h e d i s t r i c t and embody $ * b i o g r a p h i e s and s t o r i e s n o t p u b l i s h e d e l s e w h e r e f * * The J o u r n a l i s r e a s o n a b l y p r i c e d a t $3 p e r y e a r ( p o s t e d ) $ * S u b s c r i p t i o n s may be s e n t t o Mrs M R B r o w n , $ t 1 5 7 L a n d s c a p e R o a d , g t Mt E d e n , f t A u c k l a n d 4 |

B O O K R E V I E W S

National Register of Archives and Manuscripts m New Zealand W e l l i n g t o n , N a t i o n a l L i b r a r y o f New Z e a l a n d , 1 9 7 9 -B i n d e r $3 Vo lume I p a r t 1 $ 4 , p a r t 2 $7 5 0 , p l u s p a c k i n g a n d „ p o s t a g e

Volume I P a r t I h i g h l y recommended. A b e d s i d e book The v e r y t h i n g t o d i p i n t o , t o b rowse t h r o u g h b e f o r e d r o w s i n e s s g i v e s way t o s t a r t l e d awaken ing as t h e 1 5kg c r a s h e s t o t h e f l o o r Y o u r knowledge o f d e t a i l s , a t t i m e s b i z a r r e , o f New Z e a l a n d b i o g r a p h y and i n s t i t u t i o n s ( i f y o u can r e c a l l i t n e x t m o r n i n g ) w i l l p o s i t i v e l y amaze y o u r f e l l o w a r c h i v i s t s and r e c o r d keepe rs E r n e s t H i n d s ( p e r s o n ) d i e d t h r e e months a f t e r H a r o l d L o g a n ( H o r s e ) E f f i e H i n d s m o r e o v e r was m a r r i e d t w i c e ( A 7 9 ) . The C a n t e r b u r y C l u b i s l e s s s o c i a l l y e x c l u s i v e t h a n t h e C h r i s t c h u r c h C l u b ( A 5 5 ) T h a t ' s i n t e r e s t i n g T h e s e days t h e f o r m e r sounds more e x c l u s i v e , b u t n o t so a p p a r e n t l y 1 2 4 y e a r s ago when t h e l a t t e r was f o u n d e d The W a i t o t a r a L ime Company f a c t o r y was l o c a t e d a l o n g s i d e t he W a i t o t a r a R a i l w a y S t a t i o n and a t one s t a g e i t was run " a s i f " i t we re a c o o p e r a t i v e ( A 3 ) Now w h a t does t h a t m e a n 9 D o n ' t l i n g e r L o s e no s l e e p o v e r i t . Now h e r e ' s a s t r a n g e t h i n g A 4 8 , B o x i n g r e c o r d s o f New Z e a l a n d How do D r a m a t i s t h e a t r e ( o r s h o u l d i t be T h e a t r e 7 ) r e c o r d s come t o be m ixed u p w i t t i t h e m 7 W r e s t l i n g and t h e a t r e a r e q u i t e u n d e r s t a n d a b l e I t i s w e l l known w r e s t l e r s mus t have a b o v e a v e r a g e a c t i n g a b i l i t y , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e f a c i l i t y o f c o n v e y i n g e m o t i o n s o f r a g e , p a i n and a b j e c t d e f e a t by mere f a c i a l e x p r e s s i o n . B u t b o x i n g i s an a l t o g e t h e r more

s e r i o u s b u s i n e s s A l l i s t e r B r i s t o w was W e l l i n g t o n C i t y A r c h i v i s t 1950 -1 9 7 4 ( A 1 3 9 ) Does t h a t C i t y have t h e d i s t i n c t i o n o f b e i n g t h e f i r s t t o a p p o i n t an a r c h i v i s t 7 And so t h e t u r n i n g o f t h e pages goes

I t was i n 1954 when i t a l l s t a r t e d The New Z e a l a n d L i b r a r y A s s o c i a t i o n A r c h i v e s Commi t tee then s t a r t e d t o d e v i s e r u l e s f o r a U n i o n C a t a l o g u e o f M a n u s c r i p t s . N o t i f i c a t i o n s were made t o t h e T u r n b u l l L i b r a r y on s t a n d a r d l i b r a r y c a r d s and t he L i b r a r y r e s p o n d e d by p u b l i s h i n g f i r s t some p r e l i m i n a r y e d i t i o n s o f v e r y s l i g h t s i z e c u l m i n a t i n g i n 1968 and 1969 i n t h e two vo lume i n t e r i m e d i t i o n . T h a t e s s e n t i a l l y l i b r a r y a p p r o a c h a p p e a r e d t o l a n g u i s h b u t new v i g o u r was i n j e c t e d i n 1 9 7 5 by Tom W i l s t e d t h e n M a n u s c r i p t s L i b r a r i a n a t T u r n b u l l A new N Z L A commi t tee was s e t up u n d e r h i s c o n v e n o r s h i p , t o become in 1 9 7 6 a commi t tee o f A R A N Z New and r a t h e r s i m p l e r r u l e s were d e v i s e d , t h e scope b r o a d e n e d t o t a k e i n a l l m a n u s c r i p t s and a r c h i v e s n o t s i m p l y t h o s e r e l a t i n g t o New Z e a l a n d and t h e P a c i f i c , t h e s t a n d a r d c a t a l o g u e c a r d was r e j e c t e d i n f a v o u r o f A4 p a g e s , t h e need f o r an i n d e x was c l e a r l y r e c o g n i s e d , an i n s t r u c t i o n manual was p r e p a r e d and t h e p r o j e c t w e l l p u b -l i c i z e d o v e r t he who le range o f r e c o r d k e e p i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s

F o r a p r o j e c t so l o n g i n g e s t a t i o n , t h e r e s u l t s as d i s p l a y e d i n vo lume I p a r t I a r e m i l d l y d i s a p p o i n t i n g , a p a r t f r o m t h e a d m i r a b l e i n d e x c o m p i l e d b y J a n e T u c k e r The E d i t o r i a l Commi t t ee ( t w o f r o m T u r n b u l l , one f r o m N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s ) i s o f c o u r s e l a r g e l y i n t h e hands o f t h e c o n t r i b u t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s C o n s i d e r a t i o n s o t h e r t h a n p u r e l y a r c h i v a l mus t i n f l u e n c e t h e amount o f e d i t i n g d o n e , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e n e c e s s i t y o f n o t w i e l d i n g so h e a v y an e d i t o r i a l p e n c i l as t o d i s c o u r a g e c o n t r i b u t o r s N e v e r t h e l e s s , p a r t i c u l a r l y as t h e Commi t t ee hopes " t h a t t h i s f i r s t i n s t a l m e n t w i l l p r o v i d e t h e s t a n d a r d f o r a l l f u t u r e e n t r i e s " (p v ) , i t seems t o me more r i g o r o u s e d i t i n g based on t h e r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f p a p e r s was r e q u i r e d I d o n ' t wan t t o b e a t H a r o l d Logan ( H o r s e ) t o d e a t h , and r a c i n g - m a d t h o u g h we a r e , a w h o l e page d e v o t e d t o t h e s e 1 v o l & 5 f i l e s ( A 7 9 ) c a n n o t be j u s t i f i e d P o e t r y - m a d we may n o t b e , b u t n e i t h e r can t h e l e n g t h o f t h e e n t r y f o r A l e x a n d e r M c K a y ' s poem ( A 1 7 8 ) be j u s t i f i e d O t h e r examp les abound T o o many l i b r a r y c a t a l o g u e r s o f o l d d i d n o t see c l e a r l y t h a t t h e i r c a t a l o g u e s were ( o r s h o u l d b e ) s i m p l y i n d e x e s t o t h e i r book c o l l e c t i o n s T h e y l o o k e d on t h e c a t a l o g u e s as b e i n g a l s o r e p o s i t o r i e s o f p a r t i c u l a r l y b i o g r a p h i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n in t h e f o r m o f f u l l names and d a t e s o f a u t h o r s and e d i t o r s , and t h e y e x p e n d e d u n t o l d e f f o r t i n t r a c k i n g t h e s e down S i m i l a r l y , i n t h e p r e s e n t i n s t a n c e I s u s p e c t f i r s t t h e c o m p i l e r s o f e n t r i e s ^ and more c u l p a b l y t h e E d i t o r i a l Commi t tee have f a i l e d t o a p p r e c i a t e t h e t r u e p u r p o s e o f t h e National Register The P r e f a c e (p i n ) s t a t e s i t t o be "a s e r v i c e t o t h e r e s e a r c h commun i t y " The I n t r o d u c t i o n (p v ) hopes i t w i l l be " a u s e f u l t o o l f o r r e s e a r c h e r s and o t h e r s " R e -s e a r c h e r s d o n ' t n e e d ^ t h e s u p e r f l u i t y o f t o o much o f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n g i v e n u n d e r D e s c r i p t i o n Who a r e t h e s e " o t h e r s " 7 Can t h e y p o s s i b l y j u s t i f y t h e t i m e , t r o u b l e and e x p e n s e d e v o t e d t o t h e m 7 I s u s p e c t n o t

I f much o f t h i s i r r e l e v a n t b a c k g r o u n d i n f o r m a t i o n was d e l e t e d , space w o u l d be a v a i l a b l e f o r more t a b u l a r l i s t i n g o f r e c o r d s T h i s wou ld f a c i l i t a t e q u i c k s c a n n i n g C l o s e packed l i n e s o f t y p e s c r i p t r e q u i r e more c a r e f u l and s l o w e r r e a d i n g t h a n do l i s t s t o be s u r e n o t h i n g i s m i s s e d

The need f o r t i g h t e r and c o n s i s t e n t e d i t o r i a l c o n t r o l i s d i s p l a y e d e l s e w h e r e F o r examp le w h y , i n A 1 7 8 a l r e a d y r e f e r r e d t o , use t h e p r e t e n -t i o u s " L i t e r a r y m a n u s c r i p t " when w h a t i s meant and i s l a t e r r e f e r r e d t o , i s " P o e m " 7 Compare t h e d i r e c t n e s s o f t h e n e x t e n t r y - " N o t e s on e u c a l y p t s "

n o f ' B o t a m c a l m a n u s c r i p t " A 1 0 4 c o n t a i n s a c o u p l e o f Name E n t r i e s u n e x p l a i n -ed i n t h e D e s c r i p t i o n and t h e r e f o r e m e a n i n g l e s s e x c e p t p r e s u m a b l y t o t h o s e i n t h e know a b o u t t h e P u k e t a p u F e u d How d i d t h i s manage t o s l i p t h r o u g h w i t h -o u t a d i s s e r t a t i o n on i t 7

A l l i n a l l t h e r e a re t o o many words Why r e p e a t page a f t e r page a f t e r p a g e , The r e c o r d s i n c l u d e , The r e c o r d s c o n s i s t o f , The r e c o r d s c o m p r i s e , The c o l l e c t i o n i n c l u d e s 7 Why use two c o n j u n c t i o n s " and a l s o " when one s u f f i c e s 7 Why s a y an I n s t i t u t e was " s u c c e s s f u l l y " f o u n d e d ( A 6 3 ) 7 I s i t a h i n t t h e r e were u n s u c c e s s f u l a t t e m p t s 7 I f t h e r e w e r e , i s t h e f a c t r e l e v a n t 7

And so on T h e s e a r e i n d i v i d u a l l y t r i v i a l p o i n t s i n d e e d , b u t t h e y and o t h e r s add up t o i n d i c a t e a l a c k o f e d i t o r i a l c o n t r o l t h a t s h o u l d n o t be t h e r e " T o o l " t h e Register may b e , b u t l e t i t be a p r e c i s i o n one

The i n d e x i s e x c e l l e n t and i t seems c h u r l i s h t o comp la i n t h a t i n t he copy i n hand ρ 16 p recedes ρ 15 I t i s p a r t i c u l a r l y p l e a s i n g t o have s u b j e c t s g a t h e r e d up u n d e r p l a c e , a l s o p l a c e s u n d e r s u b j e c t O f c o u r s e i t i s f a i r l y g r o s s i n d e x i n g b u t i t was d e s i g n e d t h a t way t o reduce t h e " o n e r o u s " ( p . v ) n a t u r e o f i t s c o m p i l a t i o n W i t h i n t h e g r o s s n e s s t h e r e a re i n a d e q u a c i e s one may r e f e r t o F o r examp le t h e r e i s no s u b j e c t a r e a New Z e a l a n d , and t h e awkward d e v i c e o f u s i n g b o t h N o r t h I s l a n d and S o u t h I s l a n d must be used W a i k o u a i t i C o u n t y (now p a r t o f S i l v e r p e a k s C o u n t y ) n e v e r i n a l l i t s days had a n y t h i n g t o do w i t h S o u t h O t a g o I n o t e a l s o t h a t t he instruction Manual's recommended t ime d i v i s i o n s by decade a re s u p p l a n t e d i n t h e a c t u a l i n d e x by p r e c i s e d a t e s T h i s , and t he s t r i n g s o f e n t r i e s f o r examp le u n d e r M a o r i s , a re e a r l y i n d i c a t i o n s t h a t t h i s s i d e o f t h e Register must f a c e change Word p r o c e s s o r s and compu te rs w i l l s u r e l y be b r o u g h t i n t o p l a y

Vo lume I P a r t I I . Add t h i s t o y o u r r i n g b i n d e r , b o t h i n d e x e s t o t h e f r o n t I ' d s u g g e s t f o r added ease o f c o n s u l t a t i o n and t he w e i g h t , b o t h i n f a c t and o f many o f t h e e n t r i e s t a k e s i t o u t o f the b e d s i d e book c a t e g o r y . Here one can d e t e c t g r e a t e r e d i t o r i a l c o n f i d e n c e o r p o s s i b l y b e t t e r copy t o work f r o m B u t w h a t ' s happened t o t h e N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s e d i t o r i a l r e p 7 I t r u s t i t s c o n t r i b u t i o n now p r e s u m a b l y acco rded t o o low a p r i o r i t y among t he v e r y many p r e s s u r e s on t h a t i n s t i t u t i o n , w i l l n o t a l l o w i t s e x p e r i e n c e as t he p r ime a r c h i v a l i n s t i t u t i o n i n t h e c o u n t r y t o be l o s t t o t h e Register by d e f a u l t

A l t h o u g h n o t so p r o m i n e n t i n t h i s p a r t as i n t h e e a r l i e r o n e , s i m i l a r d rawbacks a re e v i d e n t T h e r e a p p e a r s t o me s t i l l t o o g r e a t an emphas is on b i o g r a p h i c a l d e t a i l a l t h o u g h an a t t e m p t i s made i n t h e I n t r o d u c t i o n t o j u s t i f y t h i s on t he g round t h a t i t " s h o u l d a s s i s t w i t h e s t a b l i s h i n g t he c o n t e x t i n wh i ch t he v a r i o u s c o l l e c t i o n s were c r e a t e d " What i s t h e r e s u l t 7

A324 i s a n o t u n t y p i c a l e x a m p l e , two f u l l p a r a g r a p h s on t he r e d o u b t a b l e B i c k e r t o n ( w h i c h i n f o r m a t i o n c o u l d r e a d i l y be g o t f r o m S c h o l e f i e l d ' s DNZB and o t h e r " b a s i c s o u r c e s " m e n t i o n e d i n t h e I n t r o d u c t i o n ) and one m e a s l y s e n t e n c e a b o u t t h e p a p e r s w h i c h t e l l s t h e r e a d e r a b s o l u t e l y n o t h i n g c o n c e r n -i n g them - " p e r s o n a l c o r r e s p o n d e n c e " a b o u t w h a t , " l i t e r a r y p a p e r s " a b o u t w h a t , and "a d i a r y " c o n t a i n i n g wha t s o r t s o f e n t r i e s and w h e n 7 Come now, t h i s p u r p o r t s t o be a r e g i s t e r o f a r c h i v e s and m a n u s c r i p t s n o t a b i o g r a p h i c a l d i c t i o n a r y B u t t h e r e i s p r o g r e s s A t l e a s t a c o u p l e o f e n t r i e s ( A 4 3 5 , A465 ) r e f e r t h e r e a d e r t o S c h o l e f i e l d , a l t h o u g h t o b a l a n c e t h e s e i s A492 wh ich g i v e s n e i t h e r b i o g r a p h i c a l d e t a i l n o r b i o g r a p h i c a l r e f e r e n c e t o t h a t p r o m i n e n t s c i e n t i s t S i r James H e c t o r

T h e r e i s f u r t h e r l a c k o f e d i t o r i a l c o n s i s t e n c y , e g A335 g i v e s a run down on t he a d m i n i s t r a t i v e h i s t o r y o f t he C h r i s t c h u r c h Tramway B o a r d and some o t h e r e n t r i e s do a s i m i l a r j o b f o r t h e i r o r g a n i s a t i o n s , b u t A 3 2 7 i g n o r e s such i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t i n g t o t he C a n t e r b u r y E d u c a t i o n B o a r d , A359 t h e M i n i s t r y o f C i v i l D e f e n c e , A350 t he I n l a n d Revenue D e p a r t m e n t and so on W h y 7 The s i m p l e answer p r o b a b l y i s l a c k o f t ime o r maybe m i s p l a c e d a l l o c a t i o n of t i m e

A350 t h r o w s up an o v e r s i g h t . E v e r y o t h e r gove rnmen t d e p a r t m e n t save I n l a n d Revenue i s e n t e r e d u n d e r N Z and so i n d e x e d , w i t h t h e r e s u l t t h i s p a r t i c u l a r d e p a r t m e n t may w e l l be o v e r l o o k e d when t h e i n d e x i s c o n s u l t e d ( P e r h a p s a F r e u d i a n s l i p r a t h e r t h a n a s i m p l e o v e r s i g h t ) A n d anyway ( s t i l l w i t h A350 ) w h a t a re T e s t a m e n t a r y R e g i s t e r s and N a t i v e S u c c e s s i o n R e g i s t e r s 7

What i s t h e " c o n t e x t " ! t h a t t h r e w them u p 7 I d o n ' t know, and I am s u r e t h e r e a r e many s o u r c e s I s h o u l d c o n s u l t b e f o r e I s h o u l d e x p e c t t o have access t o such t h i n g s as t h e s e B u t i n r e s p e c t o f mos t e n t r i e s t h e Register does n o t a p p e a r t o r e c o g n i s e t h e f a c t t h a t , b y and l a r g e , u s e r s o f a r c h i v e s and manu-s c r i p t s s h o u l d be i n f o r m e d u s e r s I t i t s e l f a t t e m p t s t o i n f o r m them

D i l i g e n t e d i t o r s , f o r g i v e my h a r p i n g on y o u r m isdemeanours My c o m p l a i n t i s n o t so much w i t h y o u as w i t h y o u r m a s t e r s On t h e e v i d e n c e b e f o r e me i t i s a p p a r e n t t h e y do n o t a l l o w y o u t h e t i m e and t h e r e s o u r c e s t o do t h e f u l l y p r o f e s s i o n a l j o b y o u r u n d o u b t e d s k i l l s and e x p e r i e n c e f i t y o u t o do May t h a t Situation be c o r r e c t e d SO t h a t t h e National Register of Archives and Manuscripts

becomes n o t s i m p l y t h e " u s e f u l t o o l " i t now i s , b u t w h a t i t o u g h t t o b e , an impeccab le work of s c h o l a r s h i p t h a t w i l l f i t t i n g l y enhance t he s t a n d i n g o f t h e N a t i o n a l L i b r a r y of New Z e a l a n d o v e r whose i m p r i n t i t a p p e a r s

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Μ Ε Hoa re Boys, Urchins, Men. A History of the Boys' Brigade m Australia and Papua-New Guinea 1882-1976. S y d n e y , R e e d , 1980 2 8 7 pp $10

J o h n B a r r e t t Falling In. Australians and Boy Conscription' 1911-1915. S y d n e y , H a l e and I r e m o n g e r , 1 9 7 9 320 pp

I n s t i t u t i o n a l h i s t o r i e s pose v e x i n g p rob lems f o r even t he most e x p e r i e n c e d w r i t e r s The a u t h o r i s c o n s t a n t l y aware o f t he e x p e c t a t i o n , o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n commiss i on i ng h i m , o f t h e need t o b a l a n c e d e t a i l w i t h f a i r p e r s p e c t i v e , and o f t he c r i t i c a l g a z e o f t h o s e w i t h i n t h e i n s t i t u t i o n who somet imes a p p e a r as n i g h t m a r i s h s p e c t r e s a c c u s i n g t he w r i t e r o f n e g l e c t i n g t h i s o r t h a t accomp l i shmen t by some cha i rman o r s e c r e t a r y o f y e s t e r y e a r O n l y t h e b r a v e s h o u l d ag ree t o w r i t e i n s t i t u t i o n a l h i s t o r y

D r M i chae l Hoa re s H i s t o r y o f t h e B o y s ' B r i g a d e i n A u s t r a l i a and P a p u a -New G u i n e a w i l l s e r v e n o t o n l y as a c a r e f u l l y r e s e a r c h e d and b a l a n c e d a n a l y s i s o f t h a t movemen t ' s impac t f r o m 1883 t o 1 9 7 6 , b u t as a model f o r w r i t e r s o f i n s t i t u t i o n a l h i s t o r i e s Boys, urchins and Men i s a w e l l - o r g a m s e d h i s t o r y , w i t h a most u s e f u l t a b l e o f s i g n i f i c a n t d a t e s p l a c e d s e n s i b l y b e f o r e t he i n t r o d u c t i o n , w i t h a s p l e n d i d s e t o f a p p e n d i c e s u s e f u l t o B o y s ' B r i g a d e o f f i c e r s i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e o r i g i n s o f t h e i r c o m p a n i e s , and w i t h a f o r e w o r d by S i r P a u l H a s l u c k , t h e G o v e r n o r - G e n e r a l o f A u s t r a l i a

The b o o k ' s g r e a t e s t s t r e n g t h i s t h e s e t t i n g o f t h e A u s t r a l i a n e x p a n s i o n o f S i r W i l l i a m A l e x a n d e r S m i t h ' s B o y s ' B r i g a d e i n t h e s o c i a l s e t t i n g s . o f t h e

y e a r s f r om 1883 The B o y s ' B r i g a d e ' s a r r i v a l i n Sydney i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h u rban p o v e r t y The a u t h o r t e l l s

I n t h e e a r l y 1880s some p h i l a n t h r o p i c c i v i c - m i n d e d c i t i z e n s and chu rch men i n Sydney became d e e p l y w o r r i e d a b o u t t he ' c o n d i t i o n o f t h e l a d s engaged i n s t r e e t newspaper s e l l i n g ' ' R a g g e d , s h o e l e s s , d i r t y , o f t e n h u n g r y , and m a n i f e s t i n g an ominous p r e c o c i t y i n t h e a d o p t i o n o f t h e c o u r s e and c u n n i n g h a b i t s wh ich d i s t i n g u i s h e d t h e o u t e r f r i n g e o f s o c i e t y ' t h e newspape r u r c h i n s o r ' n i p p e r s ' posed a p rob lem f o r t h o s e conce rned b o t h w i t h t h e ' m o r a l i t i e s and d e c e n c i e s o f l i f e ' among t h e y o u n g w o r k i n g c l a s s p e o p l e o f S y d n e y , and w i t h t h e c r i m e , p o t e n t i a l and a c t u a l , i n t h e s t r e e t s o f t h e c i t y

F o r t h e g e n e r a l r e a d e r D r H o a r e ' s n a r r a t i v e i s a t i t s most i n t e r e s t i n g d u r i n g t he y e a r s o f j i n g o i s m and i m p e r i a l i s m , w i t h some boys t r a i n i n g f o r A u s t r a l i a ' s d e f e n c e w i t h M a r t i n i H e n r y r i f l e s and c u t l a s s e s The B o y s ' B r i g a d e r e a d e r s s h o u l d be p l e a s e d w i t h t h e a u t h o r ' s a v o i d a n c e o f t h e t e m p t a t i o n t o l e s s e n h i s t r e a t m e n t o f t h e l e s s s p e c t a c u l a r y e a r s o f p o s t -Wor ld War I I i n f a v o u r o f g r e a t e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n on t h e more f a s c i n a t i n g e a r l i e r h i s t o r y T h e s e r e a d e r s s h o u l d a l s o be p r o v o k e d i n t o u s e f u l a s s e s s -ment o f t h e B r i g a d e ' s o r g a n i s a t i o n by D r H o a r e ' s e p i l o g u e

The s e l e c t i o n and r e p r o d u c t i o n o f p h o t o g r a p h s f o r any i n s t i t u t i o n a l h i s t o r y u s u a l l y l e a d s t o c o n t e n t i o n I t i s a p i t y t h a t any ' b a t t l e ' o v e r t he p h o t o g r a p h s i n Bogs, orchms, Men d i d n o t end i n t h e i r d e l e t i o n f r om t h e b o o k , and by t h e i r r e p l a c e m e n t w i t h a s e t o f e y e - c a t c h i n g c a r t o o n s The p h o t o g r a p h s i n c l u d e d a r e b o r i n g , and some a r e o f p o o r q u a l i t y

The S o u t h A f r i c a n War ( 1 8 9 9 - 1 9 0 2 ) r e v e a l e d s e r i o u s d e f i c i e n c i e s i n m i l i t a r y t r a i n i n g and i n p h y s i c a l f i t n e s s b o t h i n A u s t r a l i a n and New Z e a l a n d r e c r u i t s Soon a f t e r t h e w a r b o t h Domin ions expanded t h e i r c i t i z e n a rm ies w i t h t he i n t r o d u c t i o n o f c o n s c r i p t i o n f o r y o u n g men and f o r boys I n Falling in, t h e M e l b o u r n e h i s t o r i a n J o h n B a r r e t t d i s c u s s e d t h e p o p u l a r f e a r s - some a n t i - J a p a n e s e - t h a t l e d t o t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f c o n s c r i p t i o n , t h e r e a c t i o n o f p a r e n t s , r e l i g i o u s g roups and t r a d e u n i o n i s t s t o t h e D e f e n c e A c t , and t h e e n t h u s i a s m o f some c o n s c r i p t s t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e a v o i d a n c e o f p a r a d e s , d r i l l s and camps b y o t h e r s

U n d e r t h e A u s t r a l i a n A c t f r o m 1 9 1 1 boys o f f r o m 1 2 - 1 4 y e a r s were r e q u i r e d t o s e r v e i n t h e J u n i o r C a d e t s , boys 1 4 - 1 8 y e a r s in t h e S e n i o r C a d e t s , w h i l e l a d s o f 1 8 - 2 6 were o b l i g e d t o s e r v e i n t h e c i t i z e n f o r c e s

B a r r e t t q u i c k l y shows t h a t t h e c a d e t co rps was i n e f f i c i e n t i n i t s use o f t h e t i m e o f pe rmanen t army s t a f f and i n i t s p r o d u c t R e p l i e s t o 200 q u e s t i o n n a i r e s showed t h a t some o f t h e c o n s c r i p t s e n j o y e d t h e c a m a r a d e r i e , l i k e d t h e o p p o r t u n i t i e s g i v e n t o wea r u n i f o r m s and f i r e r i f l e s , and f o u n d t h a t c o m p u l s o r y t r a i n i n g i m p r o v e d t h e i r h e a l t h O t h e r now a n c i e n t c o n s c r i p t s had t h e i r o b j e c t i o n s summed-up b y one o f B a r r e t t ' s r e s p o n d e n t s , " Ε V G " o f West M e l b o u r n e "Some b o n e - h e a d e d army r o u t i n e was n o t e n j o y a b l e , and i t t o o k a l o t o f o u r S a t u r d a y a f t e r n o o n s and T u e s d a y e v e n i n g s "

As f a r as t h e c a d e t s were conce rned w o r k i n g c l a s s boys were d i s a d v a n t a g e d A M e l b o u r n e T r a d e H a l l d e p u t a t i o n made t h a t c l e a r i n a 1 9 1 2 d e p u t a t i o n t o t h e M i n i s t e r o f D e f e n c e when t h e y a r g u e d t h a t " t h e l a d s o f t h e more w e a l t h y p e o p l e a r e a l l o w e d t o do t h e i r d r i l l i n Schoo l T ime and t h e l a d s o f the p o o r e r

c l a s s e s had t o do i t i n t h e i r own t i m e " E m p l o y e r s o f t e n d i s m i s s e d l a d s whose m i l i t a r y s e r v i c e o b l i g a t i o n s caused them t o be a b s e n t f r o m work and f o r p u b l i c s e r v a n t s t h e r e were o c c a s i o n a l " C a t c h 2 2 " s i t u a t i o n s , e x e m p l i f i e d b y t h e case o f J W R u s s e l l o f K e n s i n g t o n P a r k , who c o u l d n o t c o m p l e t e h i s d r i l l s because he was a t t e n d i n g n i g h t schoo l t o p r e p a r e f o r a p u b l i c s e r v i c e e x a m i n a t i o n f o r t e l e g r a p h m e s s e n g e r s , and b y f a i l i n g t o meet h i s m i l i t a r y t r a i n i n g o b l i g a t i o n s made h i m s e l f i n e l i g i b l e t o be a p u b l i c s e r v a n t

New Z e a l a n d r e a d e r s w i l l be i n t r i g u e d by D r B a r r e t t ' s s e v e r a l c r o s s -r e f e r e n c e s t o New Z e a l a n d c o n s c r i p t i o n d e v e l o p m e n t s o f t h e same h a l f decade T h e y w i l l a l s o be i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e o p p o s i t i o n t o t h e A u s t r a l i a n D e f e n c e A c t by H a r r y H o l l a n d , l a t e r t o be t h e l e a d e r o f t h e New Z e a l a n d P a r l i a m e n t a r y L a b o u r P a r t y B a r r e t t r e c o r d s H o l l a n d ' s a t t a c k s f r o m t h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f t h e p a m p h l e t The crime of conscription i n 1 9 1 2 , t o h i s p r e v e n t i o n o f h i s s o n , R o y , f r o m r e p o r t i n g f o r m i l i t a r y s e r v i c e

J o h n B a r t l e t t ' s Failing in i s w r i t t e n i n a v i g o r o u s s t y l e and i s w e l l i l l u s t r a t e d w i t h a good b a l a n c e o f c o n t e m p o r a r y p h o t o g r a p h s and c a r t o o n s I t d e s e r v e s t o be w i d e l y r e a d , i n b o t h A u s t r a l i a and New Z e a l a n d

L a u r i e B a r b e r U n i v e r s i t y o f W a i k a t o

H e n r y S e w e l l The Journal of Henry seweii 1853-7. E d i t e d w i t h an i n t r o -d u c t i o n b y W D a v i d M c l n t y r e C h r i s t c h u r c h , W h i t c o u l l s , 1980 2 vo lumes 5 1 0 pp and 3 7 1 pp $65

U n l i k e most o f h i s c o n t e m p o r a r i e s H e n r y S e w e l l began h i s j o u r n a l a f t e r he came t o New Z e a l a n d He a r r i v e d a t L y t t l e t o n i n F e b r u a r y 1 8 5 3 , as s a l a r i e d l e g a l a d v i s e r t o t h e C a n t e r b u r y A s s o c i a t i o n , w i t h t h e m i s s i o n o f w i n d i n g up i t s a f f a i r s i n New Z e a l a n d F o r t h e n e x t f o u r y e a r s t h a t he was i n t h e C o l o n y S e w e l l k e p t a d e t a i l e d j o u r n a l i n wh i ch he r e c o r d e d h i s a c t i v i t i e s and i m p r e s s i o n s o f p e o p l e s , p l a c e s and e v e n t s . H e n r y S e w e l l was no p i o n e e r , he n e v e r a t t e m p t e d o r had any a m b i t i o n t o f a r m l a n d , and h i s engagement i n New Z e a l a n d l i f e was e s s e n t i a l l y s o c i a l and p o l i t i c a l , as a p a r t i c i p a n t and as an o b s e r v e r H i s r e l a t i v e l y advanced age (he was 46 i n 1 8 5 3 ) , h i s e x p e r i e n c e and a b i l i t y as ' a man o f b u s i n e s s ' , and ' h i s w i l l i n g n e s s t o a c c e p t a d m i n i s t r a t i v e bu rdens o t h e r men were happy t o d o d g e ' combined t o p r o p e l him i n t o a p l a c e o f l e a d e r s h i p i n c o l o n i a l p o l i t i c s The e v e n t s c o v e r e d i n h i s . j o u r n a l i n c l u d e t h e b e g i n n i n g o f p r o v i n c i a l g o v e r n m e n t i n C a n t e r b u r y and W e l l i n g t o n i n 1 8 5 3 , h i s e l e c t i o n t o t h e f i r s t G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y and i t s p r o c e e d i n g s i n 1 8 5 4 , t h e s u c c e s s f u l , and t o S e w e l l immense ly s a t i s f y i n g , s e t t l e m e n t o f t h e C a n t e r b u r y A s s o c i a t i o n a c h i e v e d w i t h t h e P r o v i n c i a l G o v e r n -ment i n 1 8 5 5 , t h e g a i n i n g o f r e s p o n s i b l e g o v e r n m e n t , S e w e l l ' s s h o r t s p e l l as P r e m i e r i n A p r i l and May 1 8 5 6 , and t h e mak ing o f t h e f i n a n c i a l compact o f J u n e 1856 i n w h i c h S e w e l l t o o k t h e m a j o r p a r t By t h e t i m e he l e f t New Z e a l a n d f o r L o n d o n i n O c t o b e r 1856 t o n e g o t i a t e a T r e a s u r y g u a r a n t e e f o r a ,£ 500 ,000 New Z e a l a n d gove rnmen t l o a n , h i s j o u r n a l was o v e r 900 pages l o n g

In i t s m a n u s c r i p t fo rm t h e j o u r n a l has been w i d e l y used by a l m o s t two g e n e r a t i o n s o f t h e s i s s t u d e n t s a t i t s p l a c e o f d e p o s i t i n t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f C a n t e r b u r y L i b r a r y Because o f i t s f r a n k comments a b o u t p e o p l e , i t was r e g a r d e d as s l i g h t l y dange rous and c o u l d o n l y be c o n s u l t e d u n d e r s t r i c t

c o n d i t i o n s l a i d down by i t s o w n e r , t h e B i s h o p o f C h r i s t c h u r c h I t s p u b l i c a t i o n i s a u s e f u l a c t o f d é m y s t i f i c a t i o n , and a t t h e same t i m e makes g e n e r a l l y a v a i l -a b l e a c o n t e m p o r a r y commentary on C a n t e r b u r y and New Z e a l a n d p o l i t i c s and s o c i e t y o f e x t r a o r d i n a r y v a l u e . I t w i l l a l s o make H e n r y S e w e l l a f a r b e t t e r known and u n d e r s t o o d f i g u r e

I n a s u b s t a n t i a l i n t r o d u c t i o n o f o v e r 90 pages P r o f e s s o r M c l n t y r e p o r t r a y s S e w e l l ' s e a r l y l i f e and c a r e e r as a s o l i c i t o r i n E n g l a n d , d e s c r i b e s h i s g r o w i n g i n v o l v e m e n t and work w i t h t h e C a n t e r b u r y A s s o c i a t i o n i n L o n d o n , and t h e r e a f t e r t r a c e s h i s p r o g r e s s i n New Z e a l a n d I t i s a mos t s a t i s f y i n g p i e c e o f w o r k A s one w o u l d e x p e c t much o f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n on S e w e l l i n E n g l a n d i s new and mos t o f i t p r e v i o u s l y u n p u b l i s h e d I t a l s o i n c l u d e s b y f a r t h e most u s e f u l and c o m p l e t e r e c e n t a c c o u n t o f t h e t r o u b l e d f i n a n c e s o f t h e C a n t e r b u r y A s s o c i a t i o n t h r o u g h t o t h e f i n a l s e t t l e m e n t T h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e c o u r s e o f p o l i t i c s i n New Z e a l a n d f r o m 1 8 5 3 - 5 6 , t h o u g h n e c e s s a r i l y f o c u s s e d on t h e r o l e o f S e w e l l , i s one o f t h e b e s t t o have a p p e a r e d and e v e n l e a d s t o a r e v i s i o n o f o u r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e manner i n w h i c h ag reemen t was r e a c h e d be tween G o r e Browne and h i s m i n i s t e r s on r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r n a t i v e a f f a i r s i n A u g u s t 1 8 5 6 . F o r t h i s s e c t i o n more use c o u l d have been made o f c o n t e m -p o r a r y m a n u s c r i p t s o u r c e s such as t h e H a l l p a p e r s as a g l o s s on S e w e l l ' s r e c o r d I t w o u l d a l s o have been n i c e t o have had s o m e t h i n g on S e w e l l ' s f o u r months as a G o v e r n m e n t a d m i n i s t r a t o r and as a l a w y e r , and t o know more o f h i s d o m e s t i c s i t u a t i o n and f i n a n c i a l c i r c u m s t a n c e s H o w e v e r , S e w e l l t h e man , w i t h h i s c u r i o u s c o m b i n a t i o n , o f a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a b i l i t y , s n o b b i s h n e s s , m d e c i s i v e n e s s , d i l i g e n c e , and c o u r a g e , i s s t r o n g l y and c o m p a s s i o n a t e l y drawn

The j o u r n a l i t s e l f , w h i c h i t must be remembered was w r i t t e n f o r h i s f r i e n d ' s i n E n g l a n d , i s e x t r e m e l y r e a d a b l e , b u t has t o be r e a d f o r i t s e x c e l l e n c e and d i f f i c u l t i e s t o be f u l l y a p p r e c i a t e d S e w e l l ' s most u n b u t t o n e d comments a r e r e s e r v e d f o r i n d i v i d u a l s O f James E d w a r d F i t z g e r a l d he w r o t e , ' h e i s u n s t a b l e as w a t e r ' , and o f t h e Rev O c t a v i a u s M a t h i a s ' t h a t r a b i d man' R o b e r t C u f f , M H R f o r A k a r o a , he c a s t i g a t e d as a ' v e n d i b l e commod i t y ' H o w e v e r , h i s j u d g e m e n t s were i n s e c u r e and f r e q u e n t l y he changed h i s mind When"he f i r s t met J o h n H a l l , l a t e r S i r J o h n and P r e m i e r , i n J u n e 1 8 5 3 , he w r o t e o f him as ' a good man and v a l u a b l e a d d i t i o n t o t h e C o l o n y ' L a t e r t h e y c r o s s e d swords and S e w e l l r e f e r r e d t o h im s p i t e f u l l y as a 'me re o f f i c e c l e r k , u t t e r l y d e f i c i e n t , i n t a c t , know ledge o f a f f a i r s , o r any r e m a r k a b l e a b i l i t y a l t o g e t h e r p a s s a b l e as a t h i r d r a t e man , b u t n o t h i n g b e t t e r ' L a t e r he was t o r e g a r d him as a f r i e n d , a l t h o u g h I am n o t s u r e H a l l r e c i -p r o c a t e d . S e w e l l had a r e a d y o p i n i o n on most s u b j e c t s f r o m a r c h i t e c t u r e , c o l o n i a l d o m e s t i c c o m f o r t , t h e r e l a t i v e p r o s p e c t s o f C h r i s t c h u r c h , L y t t e l t o n and K a i a p o i , c h u r c h p r o p e r t y a r r a n g e m e n t s , c o n s t i t u t i o n a l f o r m s , t o r e l a t i o n s w i t h t h e Maor i The j o u r n a l w i l l be an i n e x h a u s t i b l e mine o f i n f o r m a t i o n and comment , t o be w o r k e d , one hopes w i t h c a u t i o n , f o r many y e a r s t o come

The e d i t i n g i s e x e m p l a r y , w i t h t h e methods used c l e a r l y s t a t e d T h e r e a r e no e l i s i o n s , w h a t s o e v e r , and changes made b y S e w e l l t o t h e t e x t a r e c l e a r l y shown . A l m o s t e v e r y i n d i v i d u a l m e n t i o n e d has been i d e n t i f i e d and a s h o r t b i o g r a p h y o f each g i v e n T h e s o u r c e i s s u p p l i e d f o r a l m o s t one h u n d r e d c l a s s i c a l q u o t a t i o n s w i t h t r a n s l a t i o n s p r o v i d e d , and t h e r e a r e p l e n t y o f c r o s s -r e f e r e n c e s T h e f o o t n o t e s and r e f e r e n e s , t h a n k G o d , a r e a t t h e f o o t o f t h e pages where t h e y can be e a s i l y r e f e r r e d t o T h e r e a r e o v e r s i x t y w e l l - c h o s e n p l a t e s n i c e l y c a p t i o n e d and seven maps s p e c i a l l y drawn F o l l o w i n g t h e j o u r n a l i s a c o n c i s e summary o f S e w e l l ' s l a t e r c a r e e r f o r w h i c h t h e r e a r e

f r a g m e n t a r y and s t i l l u n p u b l i s h e d j o u r n a l s

The o n l y u n t i d i n e s s i s t h e p o o r d e s c r i p t i o n o f u n p u b l i s h e d s o u r c e s i n t h e B i b l i o g r a p h y E x c e p t f o r p r i v a t e p a p e r s , an a l p h a b e t i c a l l i s t i n g i s q u i t e u n s u i t a b l e f o r a r c h i v e s and a more s t r u c t u r e d app roach c o u l d have bee r a d o p t e d w i t h a d v a n t a g e , so t h a t t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e p r o v e n a n c e o f t h e s e r i e s used i s m a d e c l e a r i n each c a s e . F o r i n s t a n c e , ' C a n t e r b u r y P r o v i n c i a l S e c r e t a r y ' : In L e t t e r s ' , ' P a p e r s L a i d b e f o r e t h e P r o v i n c i a l C o u n c i l , C a n t e r b u r y ' , and ' M i n u t e s o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o u n c i l o f C a n t e r b u r y ' a r e a l l p a r t o f t h e C a n t e r b u r y P r o v i n c e g roup o f a r c h i v e s , and t h e ' C o m m i s s i o n e r ' s R e c o r d B o o k , P a s t u r a g e L i c e n c e s O u t s i d e t h e C a n t e r b u r y B l o c k 1 8 5 3 - 5 6 ' i s a p a r t o f t h e r e c o r d s o f t h e C h r i s t c h u r c h O f f i c e o f L a n d s and S u r v e y D e p a r t m e n t I n some cases t h e d a t e range i s g i v e n and i n o t h e r s i t i s n o t , a f a u l t wh ich s p i l l s o v e r i n t o t h e o f f i c i a l p u b l i c a t i o n s and newspaper s e c t i o n s . N o r a r e a r c h i v e s code r e f e r e n c e s c o n s i s t e n t l y s u p p l i e d One y e a r n s f o r t h e e x a c t c o m p l e t e n e s s i n t h i s r e s p e c t Of A . H M c L i n t O C k ' c Crown Colony G o v e r n m e n t m New Zealand. How o f t e n a r e t o be seen i n o t h e r w i s e v e r y r e s p e c t a b l e wo rks m a g n i f i c e n t l y f u l l and c o r r e c t l i s t i n g s o f p u b l i s h e d s o u r c e s a l o n g s i d e d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y s h o r t and mudd led d e s c r i p t i o n s o f t h e u n p u b l i s h e d s o u r c e s used I t i s a l s o s u r p r i s i n g t o n o t e t h e o m i s s i o n o f R i c h a r d G r e e n a w a y ' s t h e s i s on H e n r y S e l f e S e l f e f r o m t h e l i s t o f t h o s e c o n s u l t e d

These t h i n g s a p a r t P r o f e s s o r M c l n t y r e i s t o be c o n g r a t u l a t e d on an a l m o s t p e r f e c t p i e c e o f w o r k , as a r e W h i t c o u l l s f o r h a v i n g t h e good t a s t e and c o u r a g e t o p u b l i s h t h e j o u r n a l i n such handsome f o r m , even a t t h e b r u t a l p r i c e o f $65

S t u a r t S t r a c h a n N a t i o n a l A r c h i v e s

C O R R E C T I O N

A m i s p r i n t o c c u r r e d i n Ian M c G i b b o n ' s r e v i e w o f The Rise and Fall of the Singapore Base i n t h e Sep tember i s s u e o f Archifacts. The f i n a l s e n t e n c e s h o u l d have r e a d ' T h e s e n i t p i c k s s h o u l d n o t , h o w e v e r , o b s c u r e t h e f a c t t h a t t h e book i s a m a j p r c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e l i t e r a t u r e o f b o t h B r i t i s h and A u s t r a l a s i a n d e f e n c e p o l i c y and o f i n t e r - I m p e r i a l r e l a t i o n s be tween t h e wars '

R i c h a r d H i l l r e s i g n e d as R e v i e w s E d i t o r on 2 1 A u g u s t and t h e E d i t o r a p o l o g i s e s f o r t h e p r o o f r e a d i n g and a r r a n g e m e n t f a u l t s i n t h e J u n e and S e p t e m b e r i s s u e s , f o r w h i c h R i c h a r d H i l l was n o t r e s p o n s i b l e

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

A C C E S S I O N S

A L E X A N D E R T U R N B U L L L I B R A R Y , W E L L I N G T O N

B E N N E T T , F 0 ' T h e Shadow o f my N e i g h b o u r An H i s t o r i c a l S u r v e y o f C e r t a i n A s p e c t s o f S o c i a l P r o g r e s s i n New Z e a l a n d , 1835 - 1975 ' 1 vo lume

B R A S C H , C h a r l e s ' I n d i r e c t i o n s A M e m o i r , 1909 - 1 9 4 7 ' T S 1 vo lume R E S T R I C T E D

B R I T T E N D E N F a m i l y . L e t t e r s , 1 8 7 2 - 1 9 7 1 , o f members who s e r v e d i n t h e S o u t h A f r i c a n and F i r s t and Second Wor ld Wars

BROWN, R o b e r t ' D e s c r i p t i o n o f t he M i l i t a r y and N a v a l E x p e d i t i o n f r o m T a r a n a k i t o t h e Warea P a h ' 20 1 P h o t o c o p y

C 0 L E N S 0 , W i l l i a m P a p e r s , 1 8 4 1 - 1854 24cm

C Y C L I S T ' S T o u r i n g C l u b M i n u t e s , 1 9 2 7 - 1930 and s c r a p b o o k , 1929 - 5 1 , o f t h e New Z e a l a n d D i s t r i c t A s s o c i a t i o n o f t h e C l u b 2 vo lumes

D E L L , D r R Κ S c i e n t i f i c p a p e r s 0 7m R E S T R I C T E D U N T I L S O R T E D

G R A Y L A N D , E . C ' A n A c c o u n t o f an E a r t h q u a k e i n t h e W a i r a r a p a D i s t r i c t o f New Z e a l a n d , March 1 9 3 4 ' 1942 1 vo lume

G U D O P P , A Τ L e t t e r s t o G u d o p p , ama teu r b o t a n i s t , 1935 - 1 9 5 8 , f r o m Η Η A l l a n , Ε J G o d l e y and o t h e r s 12 i t e m s

HARTHAM Women's C e n t r e , P o n r u a R e c o r d s , 1966 - 1 9 7 8 100 f

H I L L , F Ε P a p e r s c o n c e r n i n g Somes I s l a n d P r i s o n e r o f War camp, 1 9 1 5 -1 9 1 8 2 vo lumes and 9 1 R E S T R I C T E D

J O Y I T A I n c i d e n t P a p e r s , 1955 - 1 9 5 7 , c o m p i l e d by Mr Norman S t a c e , c o n c e r n i n g t h e v e s s e l ' J o y i t a ' .

K O O T I , R i k i r a n g i Te T u r u k i Te N o t e b o o k , 1864 In Maor i 1 vo lume

L A W L O R , Ρ A F u r t h e r P a p e r s 60cm R E S T R I C T E D

M A U R I C E V I L L E S c h o o l Commi t t ee M i n u t e s , 1 8 9 1 - 1 9 0 1 1 vo lume

M O U N T J O Y F a m i l y P a p e r s , 1930 - 1 9 5 5 , o f W i l l i a m J o s e p h M o u n t j o y , 1884 -1 9 7 1 , and W i l l i a m J o s e p h j u n i o r , 1 9 0 7 - 1954 12cm

NEW Z E A L A N D F r e e K i n d e r g a r t e n R e c o r d s 1 2m R E S T R I C T E D

NEW Z E A L A N D N a t i o n a l P a r t y F u r t h e r r e c o r d s , 1943 - 1 9 7 2 1 2m R E S T R I C T E D

NEW Z E A L A N D S o c i e t y f o r t h e P r o t e c t i o n o f Home and F a m i l y W e l l i n g t o n B ranch F u r t h e r r e c o r d s , 1 9 6 7 - 1 9 7 4 2cm

P O L Y N E S I A N S o c i e t y F u r t h e r r e c o r d s , 1 8 9 1 - 1968 5 2m R E S T R I C T E D

P O R I R U A L i t t l e T h e a t r e S o c i e t y R e c o r d s , 1954 - 1 9 7 9 5cm

PUPONGA C o a l r m n e r s I n d u s t r i a l U n i o n o f Workers R e c o r d s , 1904 - 1 9 1 9 5cm

R U S S E L L , P r o f J Ε ' N o t e s on t h e New Z e a l a n d E d u c a t i o n a l S y s t e m 1 , 1928 1 v o l u m e , 19 1

S T A N D R E W ' S on t h e T e r r a c e . R e c o r d s , 1865 - 1 9 7 5 4 5m R E S T R I C T E D

S T M A R Y ' S A n g l i c a n C h u r c h , New P l y m o u t h . R e c o r d s , 1 8 4 3 - 1 9 6 4 . M i c r o f i l m 6 r e e l s . R E S T R I C T E D

S H E P P A R D , P e t e r 'Some N o t e s on O l d S t P a u l ' s ' . 1 vo lume

T A T L E R , G e o r g e . L e t t e r s , 1854 - 1 8 6 4 , o f a c o r p o r a l w i t h t h e 6 5 t h R e g i m e n t i n New Z e a l a n d 52 i t ems

T H O M S O N , J M L e t t e r s t o Mr and Mrs E . C r o z i e r , 1965 - 1 9 7 6 . 100 i t e m s R E S T R I C T E D

U N I T Y T h e a t r e . R e c o r d s , 1944 - 1 9 7 9 1 3m

V E I T C H , H . C War l e t t e r s , 1942 - 1 9 4 5 . 12cm

W E L L I N G T O N H a r b o u r B o a r d . P a s s e n g e r and e m i g r a n t l i s t s , 1 9 2 5 , l i s t o f e m i g r a n t s p e r ' J o s e p h F l e t c h e r ' , 1 8 5 5 , a l s o A u c k l a n d P r o v i n c i a l G o v e r n m e n t c o r r e s p o n d e n c e r e e m i g r a n t s 1855 - 1859 37 i t e m s

W E L L I N G T O N R e f e r e e s A s s o c i a t i o n . R e c o r d s , 1899 - 1942 4 vo lumes

W E L L I N G T O N W o r k i n g M e n ' s C l u b R e c o r d s , 1 8 7 7 - 1 9 7 9 7 8m R E S T R I C T E D

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H e n r y S e w e l l . The Journal of Henry Sewell 1853-7. E d i t e d by W. D a v i d M c l n t y r e . ( S t u a r t S t r a c h a n ) 403

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R E G I S T E R E D A T P O S T O F F I C E H E A D Q U A R T E R S / W E L L I N G T O N / A S A M A G A Z I N E .