arches of foot
TRANSCRIPT
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Arches are designed to carry our body weight
Formed by tarsals and meta tarsals
Strengthened by ligaments, muscles,
tendons, aponeurosis
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Medial and lateral
Anterior and posterior4
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Features
Bones forming the
arch
Main joint of the
arch
Summit of the
arch
Pillars of the arch
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Calcaneum
Bones of the arch
Main Joint: Talocalcaneonavicular
joint
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Pillars: Anterior: heads of medial 3 metatarsals Posterior: Medial tubercle of calcaneus
Lies at trochlear surface of talus
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Main joint: Calcaneo cuboidBones: Calcaneus, Cuboid and heads of 4th & 5th metatarsalsSummit: lies at Subtalar jointPillars:
Anterior: Heads of 4th & 5th metatarsals
Posterior: lateral tubercle of calcaneus
Approximation of both feet
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Anterior arch: By heads of all 5 metatarsals
Posterior arch: by greater part of tarsals, Metatarsals
Complete
• Incomplete – only lateral end comes in contact with ground
• Completes with opposite foot
Maintaining factors
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Shape of the bones: Faceted at different angles
Inter-segmental ties: structures connecting adjacent
bones
Tie- beams: Structures connecting 2 ends of
arch
Sling: Structure suspend arch from
above - - keep the summit pulled up
Shape of the bonesIntersegmental ties
Tie beams
Slings
Slings
Shape of the bonesTie beams / bow stringsIntersegmental ties
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Maintenance of medial longitudinal arch Shape of the bones- faceted at
different angles
Thinner edge
Sup.
Inf.
13Spring ligament
Intersegmental tiers...
Tie-beams…
Abductor hallucis (1)
Plantar aponeurosis
Flexor digitorum brevis (1)
Flexor hallucis brevis (3)
Flexor hallucis longus (2)14
Slings Slings ……
Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
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Shape of bones
Short plantar ligamentLong plantar ligament
Intersegmental tiers
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Tie beams…
Aponeurosis AbDM
FDB
FDL
FDMB
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SlingsSlings……
Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis18
Peroneus tertius
Shape of bones
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Wedge shaped….3 cuneiforms, heads of metatarsals
Intersegmental tiersIntersegmental tiers……
Deep transverse ligament
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Ant.
Post.
med.Lat.
Transverse head of Ad.H
Dorsal interossei
Intersegmental tiers…
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Tie beamsTie beams……
Peroneus longusTibialis posterior
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Functions and mechanics of archesFunctions and mechanics of arches1. Proportional distribution of body weight.
60 lbs
30 lbs30 lbs
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2. Segmented lever action
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3.Protective action
4. Shift of weight distribution
Invertors and evertors
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5. Dynamic and pliable
Foot in weight bearing
Somewhat flattening of arches
Restoration of original contour in non weight bearing
Spring board effect
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A. Flat foot (Pes planus) : loss of arches
Anomalies Anomalies
Normal foot
Flat foot
Effects:•Loss of shock absorbing function – liable to trauma•Compression of nerves & vessels of sole- Leads to pain in the forefoot- metatarsalgia
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Pes cavus
Plantar flexion at transverse tarsal joint.
Dorsi-flexion at MTP joint.
Plantar flexion at interphalangeal joint
Pateint walk with highly arched foot- toes are dorsiflexed @MTP joint, plantar flexed @ IP joint- deformity of Claw foot
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Club foot
Primarily of 4 types Talipes equinus
Talipes calcaneus
Talipes varus
Talipes valgus
Talipes equinovarus
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Great toe is adducted towards midline of foot
Cause: Hereditary, high heels, narrow
pointed shoes
Hallux valgus
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Full flexion deformity at proximal interphalangeal joint
Usually affects 2nd / 3rd toeAssociated with hallux
valgus
Hammer toe
March foot- decalcification of neck of intermediate metatarsals in continuous stain- lead to pathological fracture- Observed in soldiers
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