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Arboles y Arboles y Hurac Hurac á á nes nes Henry Mayer Miami-Dade Extension July 2, 2009 http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu

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Page 1: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Arboles y Arboles y HuracHuracáánesnes

Henry MayerMiami-Dade Extension

July 2, 2009http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu

Page 2: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,
Page 3: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

South Florida es “Hurricane Country”

Page 4: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

PuedePuede ser su carro!!!ser su carro!!!

Page 5: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

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Page 6: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Con dedicacion su comunidad puede ser un modelo para otras comunidades

Page 7: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,
Page 8: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Un bosque urbano saludablepromueve:

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Page 9: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Bosque Bosque UrbanoUrbano 20072007--20082008

Los BosquesUrbanos son diferentes y cambiam!!

*http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/data/urban/state/?state=FL

Page 10: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Recommendacion :Establezca y maneje un buen programamediante:

� Having a comprehensive

tree management plan

� Having a structural pruning program

for young and mature trees

� Choosing more wind

resistance species

� Selecting the right species

� Designing the right place

� Planting high-quality trees

Page 11: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

• Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition

Pérdida de árboles depende de:

• Tree species, age, health, and structure

• Conditions during the hurricane such as precipitation and the time to move through an area

• Site characteristics such as soil conditions (for example soil depth and moisture)

Page 12: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,
Page 13: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

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http://treesandhurricanes.ifas.ufl.edu

Lista de árboles resistentes a los vientos

Page 14: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Especies que resisten la podredumbre:

Laurel oakRoyal poinciana

FicusOrchid tree

Live oakMahogany

Gumbo-limboTamarind

Trees prone to decayTrees that resist decay

Page 15: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

A mayor velocidad del viento más árboles se caerán

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R2 polyn=0.7154

y = 0.0032x2 - 0.4948x + 30.57

Page 16: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Siembre los árboles en grupos

Page 17: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Cuando un árbol se cae

SIEMBRE otro!

Page 18: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

0

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Jeanne Ivan Charley120 mph 130 mph 145 mph

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st (%

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9 - 20 in.

21 - 39 in.

40 - 79 in. The larger and older a tree is,

the more branches it will lose.

Arboles viejos se caen y quiebran más!

Page 19: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Arboles con daño interno se quiebran más!

Page 20: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Arboles con mala estructura se quiebranmás!

Page 21: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Arboles bien podadossobreviven más!

Live Oak Black Olive Gumbo Limbo0

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tand

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urri

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Page 22: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

PorquePorque podarpodar ??

Page 23: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Débil vs. Fuerte

Page 24: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,
Page 25: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Buena Buena estructuraestructura!!

Page 26: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Case Study: Weston Lakes Maintenance Association, Weston, FL

Structural Pruning of 100 Common Area and 700 Swale Mahogany Trees

Page 27: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Case Study: Weston Lakes Maintenance Association, Weston, FL

Structural Remediation Complete

Page 28: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

64%survival

0 to 3 m2

(0 to 39 ft2)

Street trees,Parking lots, Yards

73%survival

91%survival

Yards,Parks

4 to 7 m2

(40 to 75 ft2)> 7 m2

(> 75 ft2#

Campuses, Parks, Yards

Los árboles necesitanespacio para las raíces!

Page 29: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Falta de espacio!

Lack of mature rooting space/site constraints

Page 30: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

� Give small trees

at least 10’ by 10’

� Give medium

treesat least 20’ by 20’

� Give large trees at least 30’ by 30’

Recommendation:

Give trees enough rooting space according to their mature size

Page 31: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Courtesy: James Urban

Page 32: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

1.Arbol se sale del hoyo

3.Tronco principal partido

2.Ramas quebradas

6.Perdida de hojas

5.Sin dañoaparente

4.Arbol 4.Arbol inclinadoinclinado

Page 33: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Plan de RespuestaImmediately following stormStep 1: Remove hazards

Step 2: Stake fallen trees where possible

Step 3: Clean canopies of damaged trees

Before the next visit• Allow trees to regenerate energy reserves

• Develop a tree management program in the community

Page 34: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

RECOMMENDATION: If a large tree uproots and falls over, it is basically dead and should be removed.

ArbolArbol salidosalido del del hoyohoyo

Page 35: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

A small tree (under 4 inches in diameter) may be righted. Its future care needs to include staking and

watering as though it was freshly planted.

UprootUproot

Page 36: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Resiembra• Water as if the tree were

recently planted. Irrigate 3x a week with 3 gallons/inch trunk diameter. There is no

need to fertilize at this time.•Stake the tree. Adjust stakes and remove when tree is stable.

Page 37: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

TroncoTronco principal principal partidopartido

� is essentially dead as an urban tree� should be removed

Page 38: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Muchas ramaspartidas

� Large broken branches may be able to be repaired through pruning. � Small branches can be pruned.� If a tree has lost more than ½ its crown, it may never regain its structure and health

Page 39: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Limpieza de la copa

Haga cortes lisos en los tocones y ramas.

Reduce back to lateral branch if one is present.

Page 40: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

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Page 41: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Nunca hagacortes a ras

Wound wood does not develop evenly.

Page 42: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Cola de leónLions-tailing:trees with foliage concentrated at the tips of branches because inner branches were removed.• More susceptible to hurricane damage• Difficult to restore

Page 43: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Arboles caídos

Page 44: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Programa de Poda

Time needed

to restore:

• 4 + yrs.• four or more visits

• 3 – 4 yrs.• about threevisits

• 2 – 3 yrs. • about two visits

Mature (over 10” dbh)

Medium-aged (5-10”

dbh)

Young (under 5” dbh)

* dbh – diameter at breast height

Page 45: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Manejo de Brotes

Page 46: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Reduzca algunos- Shorten 1/3 of the sprouts. They will continue to store energy, but will eventually be removed.

Remueva algunos- Remove 1/3 of the sprouts to allow space for the most vigorous ones to grow.

Deje algunos- These will develop into the new branches.

Page 47: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

RemueveRemueve a a DejeDeje??

Page 48: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Remueva hojas que dañan al cogollo

Page 49: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

SIN PODA ACEPTABLE DEMASIADA PODA

Page 50: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Pines may show no immediate visible damage after a hurricane but may decline over time

SIN dañosvisibles

Page 51: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Contract specification requirements: All trees FL grade No. 1 or better; UF-IFAS planting detail; post-plant inspection;

SIEMBRA

Page 52: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

SE NECESITA VER LA RAíZ

Page 53: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Antes

Después

Page 54: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

SiembraSiembra –– 5 5 ”” profundoprofundo!!

Page 55: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Pre-plant root ball inspection, excavation and preparation

Page 56: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Kept covered and moist, the cut ends do regenerate an amazing number of roots.

Page 57: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,
Page 58: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

Si daña las raices el arbol se caera!

Page 59: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

REMUEVALAS!

Poor maintenance practices

Page 60: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

REMUEVALAS!

Page 61: Arboles y Huracánes - University of Florida · •Urban forest conditions such as overall tree canopy and composition Pérdida de árboles depende de: • Tree species, age, health,

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