arabic grammar mobile application
TRANSCRIPT
ARABIC GRAMMAR MOBILE APPLICATION
AMIRUL SAFWAN BIN ISMAIL
(044301)
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
(SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT) WITH HONOURS
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN
2018
i
ABSTRACT
Arabic language is one of the language that is used as a communication language. It is
also one of the subject that is learned at primary and secondary schools in Malaysia. Arabic
language like other language has its own grammars. The students use the books as main
references to study the Arabic grammar. The users have to refer many books in order to find
the words or example they are looking for. This will consume times for users in order to study
or finishing their homework. This mobile application is more focusing in nahu sorof. Its main
purpose to help users in studying the Arabic grammar (nahu sorof). The user can access this
application through their smartphone and choose the topics they want to learn or revise. They
can use search engine in order to change the words into specific grammar based on the topics.
The user can bookmarks their favourite examples for their future references. The students can
answer quizzes in this application in order to track their understanding about the certain topics.
Rule-based is used in this application to generate the suitable grammar based on user inputs on
the category. In conclusion, the user can learn and understand the Arabic grammar easier with
this mobile application.
ii
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ i
CONTENTS........................................................................................................................................... ii
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................................................. iv
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. v
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Problem Statement ...................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Objectives..................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 4
1.5 Limitation of Works ................................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Expected Result ........................................................................................................................... 5
1.7 Milestones and activity ............................................................................................................... 6
1.8 Report Structure ......................................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................. 8
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Mobile Learning Review ............................................................................................................ 9
2.3 Rule-Based System Review ...................................................................................................... 10
2.4 Research on Existing System ................................................................................................... 11
2.5 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Waterfall Methodology ............................................................................................................. 15
3.2.1 Requirement Phase ............................................................................................................ 16
3.2.2 Analysis Phase .................................................................................................................... 16
3.2.3 Design Phase ....................................................................................................................... 16
iii
3.2.4 Coding Phase ...................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.5 Testing Phase ...................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.6 Operation Phase ................................................................................................................. 17
3.3 Project Requirement ................................................................................................................. 18
3.3.1 Software Requirement ....................................................................................................... 18
3.3.2 Hardware Requirement ..................................................................................................... 19
3.4 System Design ............................................................................................................................ 20
3.4.1 Framework Design ............................................................................................................. 20
3.5 Process Model ............................................................................................................................ 22
3.5.1 Context Diagram (CD)....................................................................................................... 22
3.5.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 0 (DFD level 0) ....................................................................... 23
3.5.3 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 ............................................................................................... 26
3.5.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ................................................................................ 29
3.6 Database Design ........................................................................................................................ 30
3.6.1 Admin .................................................................................................................................. 30
3.7.2 Bookmark ........................................................................................................................... 31
3.6.3 Grammar ............................................................................................................................ 31
3.6.4 Quiz ..................................................................................................................................... 32
3.6.5 Request ................................................................................................................................ 32
3.6.6 User...................................................................................................................................... 33
3.7 Solution Complexity (Techniques) .......................................................................................... 34
3.7.1 Verbs Rules ......................................................................................................................... 34
3.7.2 Verbs Rules Flowchart ...................................................................................................... 35
3.6.3 Expected Outputs (Verbs Rules) ...................................................................................... 36
3.6.4 Nouns Rules ........................................................................................................................ 37
3.6.5 Nouns Rules Flowchart ...................................................................................................... 39
3.6.6 Expected Outputs (Nouns Rules) ...................................................................................... 40
3.7 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 41
References ............................................................................................................................................ 42
iv
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE NAME PAGE
3.1 Software Requirement 18
3.2 Hardware Requirement 19
v
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES NAME PAGE
3.1 Waterfall Methodology 15
3.2 Framework Design 20
3.3 Context Diagram 22
3.4 Data Flow Diagram Level 0 23
3.5 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Request The Words 26
3.6 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Manage Words 27
3.7 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Manage The Quiz 28
3.8 Entity Relationship Diagram 29
3.9 Table for overall application 30
3.10 Table for Admin 30
3.11 Table for Bookmark 31
3.12 Table for Grammar 31
3.13 Table for Quiz 32
3.14 Table for Request 32
3.15 Table for User 33
3.16 Verbs Rules Flowchart 35
3.17 Verbs Rules Outputs 36
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3.18 Nouns Rules Flowchart 39
3.19 Nouns Rules Outputs 40
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Nowadays, mobile phone has become an essential gadget in our daily life. People have
benefited with the inventions of mobile phone. People use mobile phone for various purposes
such as sending messages, accessing browser or social media and searching for new
information.
The Arabic grammar application is a mobile application that can help the user or
students in learning or make a revision in Arabic grammar. This application provide the users
with topics and its examples. Users can search the words in order to find its spelling with
suitable grammars or topics. The users can answer various quizzes based on the topics that they
learnt in order to test their understanding. The users can bookmarks their favourite example for
future references. The application will display their score with the answer of the questions
which they answered it wrong. This mobile application will make the Arabic grammar learning
more easier and fun for the users.
2
1.2 Problem Statement
Basically, there are many books that can be references for students in learning the
Arabic grammar. However, it will consume time for students in order to find the topics or
examples that they needed from the books
Furthermore, the example that was given in the books is limited and sometimes it does
not provide the suitable examples that needed for the students in order to give more
understanding about the topics.
Lastly, the books usually provide a limited quiz or exercise for a certain topics and the
students has to find new question in different books or resources if they want to test their
understanding for that topics.
3
1.3 Objectives
a) To design the mobile application that suitable for users from the various ages
b) To develop a mobile application that can help user in learning the Arabic grammar easily
using a mobile phone
c) To test the mobile application whether it can help the student in understanding the Arabic
grammar.
4
1.4 Scope
a) Mobile users
- can register into the application by input their username, ages and level of knowledge in
Arabic
- can search the words that was used in specific topics
- can answer the quiz that was provided in the application based on certain topics
- can request the new words to the admin if not available in the apps
b) Admin
- can add new words into the application
- can add new topics into the application
- can add new question for quiz in the application
- accepting the words request that made by the users
5
1.5 Limitation of Works
This application only focus on one categories of Arabic grammar, nahu sorof. It is only
can be access through a mobile phone and to fully access the function of the application, the
Wi-Fi connection is needed.
1.6 Expected Result
The expected results of the project are the user can easily learn Arabic grammar using
this mobile application. By using rule-based method, the application can generate the grammar
for the new words based on user inputs of root words and category. The users can search the
words based on the chosen grammar. The users also can answer the quiz in the application to
test their understanding of the certain topics.
6
1.7 Milestones and activity
Milestones Date Status
Topic Discussions and Determination Week 1 Completed
Project Title Proposal Week 2 Completed
Proposal writing - Introduction Week 3 Completed
Proposal writing – Literature Review Week 4 & Week 5 Completed
Proposal Progress Presentation & Evaluation Week 5 Completed
Discussion & Proposal Correction & Proposed
Solution Methodology
Week 6 Completed
Proof of Concept Week 7 & Week 8 Completed
Drafting Report of the Proposal Week 9 Completed
Submit draft of report to supervisor Week 10 & Week 11 Completed
Presentation Week 13 Completed
Report Correction Week 14 Completed
Final Report Submission Week 15 Completed
7
1.8 Report Structure
This report consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 is an introduction which contains
background, problem statement, objectives, scope and report structure. Chapter 2 is literature
review consisting of introduction, existing application that use the same technique and theory
that had been carried out by other researchers. Chapter 3 is Methodology, this chapter discuss
about the method or technique used in this project, design and framework and also specifying
the design of project developments in detail. Chapter 4 is implementation and result from the
project and the report of testing that had been carried out to the developed application. Lastly
Chapter 5, which conclude the overall project followed by references
8
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This chapter discuss the literature review for the application that will be developed. The
literature review is a process of reading, analysing, evaluating and summarizing scholarly
material about a specific. It can be a guideline to develop a new application so that the new
system can provide better or more function than existing system.
9
2.2 Mobile Learning Review
The rapid increasing of the mobile devices in a last few years has dramatically altered
the platform for business, games, social, entertainment and marketing using software
application. One of the field that benefited from the mobile devices is education. The mobile
devices availability provided us with a new technique called Mobile Learning. Mobile
Learning, also known as M-Learning is an educational system. M-Learning can be supports
with the help of mobile devices such as smartphone, tablet and laptop. According to the study
of Hwang and Wu (2014), mobile learning is considered as a notable shift from the traditional
learning tools. Sharples et al. (2002) highlighted that M-Learning allows the learner to continue
the learning process without restricting them at one place. The learning process can happen
outside of the classroom or in various location. An internet access enables the M-learning to
be easily access anytime and anywhere. The main target of the mobile learning is to use current
and modern technologies to provide new techniques of learning, training and education that
will be easy access and available to all who wish to be part of it.
10
2.3 Rule-Based System Review
Rule-Based is a conventional problem-solving computer programs make use of well-
structured algorithms, data structures, and crisp reasoning strategies to find solutions (Abraham
A, 2005). Conventional rule-based expert systems, use human expert knowledge to solve real-
world problems that normally would require human intelligence. Expert knowledge is often
represented in the form of rules or as data within the computer. A rule-based consists of if-then
rules, a bunch of facts, and an interpreter controlling the application of the rules, given the
facts. These if-then rules are used to formulate the conditional statements that comprise the
complete knowledge base. A single if-then rule assumes the form of ‘If X is A Then Y is B’
and the if-part of the rule ‘X is A’ is called premise while the rule ‘Y is B’ is called conclusion.
Rule-based can consists of multiple rules to produce a single output. Each rules must be
validate one by one before producing an output.
11
2.4 Research on Existing System
This is some of the existing system that related to mobile learning application. This can
be a guideline or a sample to upgrade or to develop a new or better system compared to the old
one.
No Author Title Description Advantages Disadvantages
1
Peshraw
Salam
Abdalqadir
(2017)
Development
of a mobile
application to
teach English :
Sunrise 12
This mobile
application is
focus on
teaching English
based on
categories such
as reading,
writing listening
and speaking
categories. Each
categories has
its own quiz.
The application
also teach about
grammars and
improper verbs.
1) Has text to speech
function
2) Has variation of
quiz type such as fill
in the blank and
MCQ
3) The application
divided into three
level for the user
1) This application
can only run on
android version 4.4.2
2) This application
required more than
100MB storage space
to install
12
2 Oriyomi
Oladele
(2014)
Study Time -
An Android
Based Mobile
Learning
This application
is focusing on
teaching various
subjects such as
Science,
Mathematics,
History and
Arts. Each
subjects has
their own type
of exercise for
each categories
in each subjects
1) Has multiple
subjects in the
application
2) Has examination
for each subjects
1) The application
only consists of
examination and
exercise but does not
have notes for
references and
revisions.
3 Zunaira
Batool,
Uzma Bibi
(2015)
Android-based
Application
For Basic
Math Skill
This application
focus on
teaching basic
mathematics
skills such as
addition,
subtraction,
multiplication
and division.
1) Interactive
interface with
images and pictures
2) Has simple
function in the
application.
1) Does not consist
level in the
application.
2) The question is
fixed and cannot be
changed without the
update
13
2.5 Summary
This chapter discusses the information about the study on the previous research to help
developer discover the problems of the previous system that needed to be improved by the
current project. Thus, all the research will help in the development of Arabic Grammar
Application by taking the previous system advantages and try to avoid previous system
disadvantages.
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter explains the methodology adopted in this project. Methodology is a
technique to do research which will provide ways to gather, categorized and analyses
information to come out with a conclusion. It is a systematic ways to tackle the problem and
solve them accordingly. The Waterfall Methodology is used to become a guidance in
developing the Arabic grammar mobile application.
15
3.2 Waterfall Methodology
Waterfall methodology is used in developing the Arabic Grammar Mobile Application.
Waterfall development methodology is a traditional approach to mobile application
development which takes methodical and systematic ways. There are six stages of waterfall
model: requirement phase, analysis, design, coding, testing and operations.
Figure 3.1: Waterfall Methodology
Requirement
Analysis
Design
Coding
Testing
Operations
16
3.2.1 Requirement Phase
Requirement phase or the initial phase is the phase where all ideas are written down
such as the type of application that wanted to develop, the functionality, problems and the
objectives. All of this elements are methodically analysed and recorded in specification
document that serves as the foundation of all future development. This phase required
brainstorming for the ideas. The ideas will be written on a piece of paper to decide which
application will be developed.
3.2.2 Analysis Phase
After the title of the project is chosen, the project is analysed thoroughly in order to
properly generate the models that will used in this application. This phase is also the part where
the reliable data is collected in order to get the clear imagination of objective, details of the
scope and function of the application development project and the data will be analysed before
proceed to the next phase.
3.2.3 Design Phase
In the design phase, Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram (DFD), framework diagram,
and ERD diagram are designed in order to know more details about the flow of the application.
The design phase also occurs here, establishing any technical requirement that will be utilized
in order to meet the needs of analysis phase.
17
3.2.4 Coding Phase
This phase is where the coding process is begin. This phase involves the real application
development based on the design that has been planned in the design phase. During this phase,
The application databases are created and the interface design during the design phase are
coded in order to make them a working application.
3.2.5 Testing Phase
Once the application has been coded and implemented, the next step is to go through a
series of testing procedures to identify and locate any potential bugs or issues that have been
cropped up. During the testing phase, faulty elements of the application can be quickly
identified because a few changes are made within any single increment.
3.2.6 Operation Phase
The application will be released to end users to implement whether the application is
well functioning in this phase. The application is installed into the smartphones. After the
function of the application is tested and working properly, the application is ready to go live.
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3.3 Project Requirement
To develop the application, there are two requirements that need to be fuilfilled which
are software requirement and hardware requirement. This is important to ensure the
development of the project went well and for future references.
3.3.1 Software Requirement
No. Software Description
1. Windows 10 Operating System
2. Android Studio Used to code the program of the project.
It debugs and run, test the application
3. Notepad++ Used to code the program, especially the
application connection to the database
4. Ionic, PHP,Java Programming language
5. PHPMyAdmin Database for the application
6. Json Connect the database to android studio
7. Microsoft Word 2013 Used to do the documentation of the
application
8. Google Chrome A browser to run the localhost and search the
information
Table 3.1: Software Requirement
19
3.3.2 Hardware Requirement
No Hardware Description
1. Laptop Acer Aspire E 15 E5-575G-54XT
2. Processor Intel Core i5-7200U @ 2.5 GHz
3. Memory 8 GB RAM
4. Pendrive Kingston 8GB
5. Mobile Phone OPPO F7
Table 3.2: Hardware Requirement
20
3.4 System Design
The design is the creation of a plain for the construction of an object or an application.
Besides, the design can also define as an approach to achieve the goal, In this project, the
project, the design will be presented by Framework, process model and data model.
3.4.1 Framework Design
Figure 3.2: Framework Design
21
Figure 3.4.1 shows the framework for the Arabic Grammar Mobile Application. The
design shows the workflow of the whole process for the application. It shows the guideline for
the users (Mobile user and Admin). Firstly the mobile user need to login into the application.
The user need to enter the email and password for the login process. The user can search the
words and can also request the new words for the application. The user can bookmarks the
words for future references. The user can answer the quiz in the application. Admin can manage
the words and manage the quiz.
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3.5 Process Model
3.5.1 Context Diagram (CD)
Figure 3.3: Context Diagram
Description :
The context diagram for Arabic Grammar Mobile Application is shown in the figure above.
The ARABIC GRAMMAR MOBILE APPLICATION process is at the centre of the diagram.
The two users (USER and ADMIN) are placed around the central process. Twelve data flows
are involved in the interaction between the central process and the entities. The USER entities
has four outgoing data flows, USER INFORMATION, NEW WORDS,
KEYWORDSSEARCH and QUIZ ANSWER. The incoming data are QUIZ QUESTION,
QUIZ EVALUATION and SEARCH RESULT. The ADMIN entity has four outgoing data,
NEW WORDS, NEW GRAMMAR, QUIZ QUESTION AND ACCEPT WORD REQUEST.
The incoming data flow is WORDS REQUEST.
23
3.5.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 0 (DFD level 0)
Figure 3.4: Data Flow Diagram Level 0
24
Description:
The DFD has two entities which are USER and ADMIN. LOGIN, SEARCH THE WORDS,
REQUEST THE WORDS, MANAGE WORDS, BOOKMARKS THE WORDS, ANSWER
THE QUIZ AND MANAGE THE QUIZ are seven processes involved in the application. There
are six data stores created in the application which is USER, ADMIN, REQUEST,
GRAMMAR, BOOKMARKS and QUIZ.
1. USER enters EMAIL AND PASSWORD into LOGIN process which output USER
LOGIN REQUEST into USER data store. Then USER data store sends USER
IDENTITY CONFIRMATION to LOGIN process. LOGIN process sends USER
LOGIN CONFIRMATION to USER. ADMIN enters ADMIN ID AND PASSWORD
into LOGIN process which output ADMIN LOGIN REQUEST into ADMIN data store.
Then ADMIN data store sends ADMIN IDENTITY CONFIRMATION into the
LOGIN process. LOGIN process sends ADMIN LOGIN CONFIRMATION to
ADMIN.
2. USER enters KEYWORDS into SEARCH THE WORDS process which output
SEARCH INFORMATION to GRAMMAR data store. Then, GRAMMAR data store
send WORDS LIST into SEARCH THE WORDS process. Then, SEARCH THE
WORDS sends SEARCH RESULT to USER.
3. USER enters REQUEST NEW WORDS into REQUEST THE WORDS process and
output the WORDS REQUEST into REQUEST data store. REQUEST data store sends
USER REQUEST into REQUEST THE WORDS process. Then, ADMIN sends
REQUEST CONFIRMATION to REQUEST THE WORDS process which output
UPDATE REQUEST into REQUEST data store then REQUEST data store sends
CONFIRMED WORDS into GRAMMAR data store.
25
4. ADMIN enters WORDS DETAILS into MANAGE WORDS process which output
NEW WORDS to GRAMMAR data store.
5. USER enters BOOKMARK WORDS into BOOKMARKS THE WORDS process
which output BOOKMARK DATA into BOOKMARKS data store. Then,
BOOKMARK data store sends BOOKMARK INFORMATION to BOOKMARKS
THE WORDS process then the process sends BOOKMARK WORDS to USER.
6. QUIZ data store sends QUIZ DATA into ANSWER THE QUIZ which output QUIZ
QUESTION to the USER. USER enter QUIZ ANSWER into ANSWER THE QUIZ
process which output the ANSWER DATA to QUIZ data store. QUIZ data store sends
QUIZ EVALUATION to ANSWER THE QUIZ process then the process sends QUIZ
RESULT to USER.
7. ADMIN enters QUIZ INFORMATION into MANAGE THE QUIZ process. Then
MANAGE THE QUIZ sends QUIZ DETAILS into QUIZ data store.
26
3.5.3 Data Flow Diagram Level 1
Request The Words
Figure 3.5: Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Request The Words
Description:
1. USER enters WORD REQUEST into ADD NEW REQUEST process. ADD NEW
REQUEST sends REQUEST DETAILS to REQUEST data store. REQUEST data store
sends USER REQUEST into ACCEPT THE REQUEST process.
2. ADMIN sends REQUEST CONFIRMATION into ACCEPT THE REQUEST process.
Then, ACCEPT THE REQUEST sends CONFIRMATION DATA to REQUEST data
store. REQUEST DATA STORE sends CONFIRMED WORDS to GRAMMAR
DATA store
3. ADMIN enters REQUEST DATA into DELETE THE REQUEST which output
REQUEST INFORMATION to REQUEST DATA STORE.
27
Manage Words
Figure 3.6: Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Manage Words
Description:
1. ADMIN enters WORDS INFORMATION into ADD NEW WORDS process which
output the WORDS DATA to WORDS data store.
2. ADMIN enters WORDS INFORMATION into UPDATE THE WORDS process which
output the WORDS DATA to WORDS data store.
3. ADMIN enters WORDS INFORMATION into DELETE THE WORDS process which
output the WORDS DATA to WORDS data store.
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Manage Quiz
Figure 3.7: Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Manage The Quiz
Description:
1. ADMIN enters QUIZ INFORMATION into ADD NEW QUIZ process which output
QUIZ DATA to QUIZ data store
2. ADMIN enters QUIZ INFORMATION into UPDATE THE QUIZ process which
output QUIZ DATA to QUIZ data store
3. ADMIN enters QUIZ INFORMATION into DELETE NEW QUIZ process which
output QUIZ DATA to QUIZ data store
29
3.5.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
Figure 3.8: Entity Relationship Diagram
Description:
An entity-relationship diagram (ERD) illustrates application’s entities information and entities’
relationship. ERD composed of three things such as identifying and defining the entities,
determine entities’ interaction and the cardinality of the relationship. Database name for this
application is FYP. This application has six tables, user, request, grammar, bookmark, admin
and quiz. Table user has five attributes. Table request has five attributes. Table grammar has
four attributes. Table bookmarks has two attributes. Table admin has two attributes. Table quiz
has five attributes.
30
3.6 Database Design
Figure 3.9: Table for overall application
Figure 3.9 shows the overall table that be used in this application used in this application. The
database is named with FYP. There are six tables in FYP database which is admin, bookmark,
grammar, quiz, request and user.
3.6.1 Admin
Figure 3.10: Table for Admin
Figure 3.10 shows the table admin for FYP database. This table is used to store the information
for the admin. This table has two attributes which are Admin_ID and Password.
31
3.7.2 Bookmark
Figure 3.11: Table for Bookmark
Figure 3.11 shows the table bookmark for FYP database. This table is used to store the
information for the bookmarks. This table has two attributes which are Email and Grammar.
3.6.3 Grammar
Figure 3.12: Table for Grammar
Figure 3.12 shows the table grammar for FYP database. This table is used to store the
information for the grammar. This table has four attributes which are Root_word, Grammar,
Category and Topic.
32
3.6.4 Quiz
Figure 3.13: Table for Quiz
Figure 3.13 shows the table quiz for FYP database. This table is used to store the information
for the quiz. This table has five attributes which are Question_ID, Question, Answer,
Category and Topic.
3.6.5 Request
Figure 3.14: Table for Request
Figure 3.14 shows the table request for FYP database. This table is used to store the information
for the request. This table has four attributes which are Root_word, Grammar, Category and
Email.
33
3.6.6 User
Figure 3.15: Table for User
Figure 3.15 shows the table user for FYP database. This table is used to store the information
for the user. This table has five attributes which are Email, Name, Gender, Age and Password.
34
3.7 Solution Complexity (Techniques)
The technique that used for this project is rule-based. The rule-based will be used in
request the words by the user. The user will inputs a root word and choose the category
then the application will generate the grammar based on rules in the application.
3.7.1 Verbs Rules
If Topic is فعل
AND char is equal to 3
AND category is فعل مضارع
THEN Add ي at the beginning of the word
If Topic is فعل
AND char is equal to 3
AND category is فعل الامر
THEN Add ا at the beginning of the words
If Topic is فعل
AND char is equal to 3
AND category is فعل ماضي
THEN Grammar is the same as inputs
35
3.7.2 Verbs Rules Flowchart
Figure 3.16: Verbs Rules Flowchart
36
3.6.3 Expected Outputs (Verbs Rules)
فعل الامر(Command)
فعل مضارع(Present)
فعل ماضي(Past)
Root Words
لفع يفعل افعل فعل
كتب كتب يكتب اكتب
جلس جلس يجلس اجلس
دخل دخل يدخل ادخل
درس درس يدرس ادرس
Figure 3.17: Verbs Rules Outputs
37
3.6.4 Nouns Rules
If Topic is اسم
AND Input does not have ة at the end of the word
AND Category is مذكر
AND Category is دمفر
THEN Grammar is same as inputs
If Topic is اسم
AND Input does not have ة at the end of the word
AND Category isمؤنث
AND Category is مفرد
THEN Add ة at the end of the word
If Topic is اسم
AND Input does not have ة at the end of the word
AND Category is مذكر
AND Category is مثنى
THEN Add ا and ن at the end of the word
38
If Topic is اسم
AND Input does not have ة at the end of the word
AND Category is مؤنث
AND Category is مثنى
THEN Add ت, ا and ن at the end of the word
If Topic is اسم
AND Input does not have ة at the end of the word
AND Category is مذكر
AND Category is جمع مذكر السالم
THEN Add و and ن at the end of the words
If Topic is اسم
Input does not have ة at the end of the word
AND Category is مؤنث
AND Category is جمع مؤنث السالم
THEN Add ا and ت at the end of the word
39
3.6.5 Nouns Rules Flowchart
Figure 3.18: Nouns Rules Flowchart
40
3.6.6 Expected Outputs (Nouns Rules)
جمع مؤنث السالم(More than 2)
جمع مذكر السالم(More than 2)
مؤنث)مثنى((2 person)
مذكر)مثنى((2 person)
مؤنث )مفرد((Female)
مذكر)مفرد((Male)
(Input)
المسلم المسلمة المسلمان المسلمتان المسلمون المسلمات
المؤمن المؤمنة المؤمنان المؤمنتان المؤمنون المؤمنات
الحاضر الحاضرة الحاضران الحاضرتان الحاضرون الحاضرات
Figure 3.19: Nouns Rules Outputs
41
3.7 Summary
Methodology is very important to make sure the development of application can be
done within the exact time given. A good methodology can provide systematic steps in develop
the application so that the application can be develop with minimum errors and problem. The
waterfall model is used in Arabic Grammar Mobile Application. System requirement which is
software and hardware requirements are needed in order to achieve this project. The technical
parts of this project is explained more. It includes the explanation of the context diagram, DFD,
ERD and database design of the system.
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References
1) Hwang, Gwo-Jen & Wu, Po-Han. (2014). Applications, impacts and trends of mobile
technology-enhanced learning: A review of 2008-2012 publications in selected SSCI
journals. Int. J. of Mobile Learning and Organisation. 8. 83 - 95.
2) Abraham, A. (2005). Rule‐Based expert systems. Handbook of measuring system
design.
3) Peshraw Salam Abdalqadir. (2017). Thesis of Development of a mobile application to
teach English : Sunrise 12
4) Oriyomi Oladele. (2014). Thesis of Study Time - An Android Based Mobile Learning
5) Zunaira Batool, Uzma Bibi, (2015). Thesis of Android-based Application For Basic
Math Skill