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Aquatic Life Zones: 2 major categories 1.Marine (saltwater) Or 2.Freshwater Types of organisms determined by: Salinity Temperature Sunlight availability D.O. (dissolved oxygen) Nutrient availability

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Major types of Organisms Plankton: small free-floating organisms Phytoplankton: plant-like Photosynthetic diatoms, protists, etc

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- Zooplankton: animal-like Heterotrophic Protozoans Larvae Copopods, cnidarians, krilletc. - Ultraplankton : TINY (less than 2 micrometers) includes bacteria

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Benthos (benthic organisms): bottom dwellers anchor to one spot, burrow, or walk along bottom

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Nekton: active swimmers dont follow currents

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Baleen whales: filter feeders Plates (baleen) hang from upper jaw filter plankton from water includes: humpbacks and blue whales

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Toothed whales: teeth used to bite and chew food includes:orca (killer whale) and sperm whale

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Marine Lifezone: Subcategories: * Coastal * Open Ocean (Sea) euphotic zone bathyal zone abyssal zone

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Subcategory: Coastal High tide to Continental shelf (Ample sunlight) high NPP 90% of all marine species

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1. Coral reefs: MOST biodiverse areas of all aquatic life zones The Aquatic Rainforest Hundreds of thousands of coral polyps excrete CaCO 3 skeletons

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Grow slowly, disrupted easily: Biggest threat: sediment run-off Bleaching (even from 1 degree temp increase)

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Removal (aquariums/jewelry) Pollution Damage (tourists, anchors, natural disasters) Overfishing Cyanide/dynamite fishing 1 m 2 of reef killed for every fish caught

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2. Intertidal zone: shoreline between low and high tide Tides caused by gravitational pull of moon Organisms adapted to HARSH conditions

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3. Barrier Islands: islands separated from the mainland by a shallow sound, bay, or lagoon

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Constantly shifting beaches due to erosion Can be helped with a jetty

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Dunes backbone that provides stability Plants hold sand in place Protect from natural disasters

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4. Coastal wetlands: inlets, bays, sounds, Mangrove forest swamps

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5. Estuary: where freshwater meets saltwater (mouth of a river)

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Marine Lifezone: Subcategories: * Coastal * Open Ocean (Sea) euphotic zone bathyal zone abyssal zone

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Subcategory: Open Ocean 1. Euphotic zone: top Sunlight layer: phtyoplankton = photosynthesis: HIGH D.O. (dissolved oxygen) and low dissolved CO 2, big fish and mammals 2. Bathyal zone: middle Dimly lit little/no producers, zooplankton, smaller fish 3. Abyssal zone: bottom Dark, cold, little D.O., nutrients on floor Chemosynthetic bacteria at hydrothermal vents

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