aquaculture: something fishy is going on! · 2017. 3. 3. · aquaculture: something fishy is going...
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Aquaculture: something fishy is going on!
David Murray
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Triploid Atlantic salmon
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Introduction
• Farmed fish are an incredibly popular part of the global food market
• Aquaculture supplies 16% of all consumed animal protein
• Population expected to rise to 9 billion by 2050 Tacon and Metian, 2015. Aqu.
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Introduction
• Aquaculture has a number of bottlenecks preventing its expansion
• Accidental escapes of farmed fish into the wild is a major problem for the industry
• Triploid fish may solve many problems for aquaculture
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Impacts of farmed fish escapes
“Wild Atlantic salmon populations are conspecific with farmed salmon, and therefore
susceptible to genetic effects from interbreeding”
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Impacts of farmed fish escapes
Farmed
Wild
• Both fish are 18 months old
AquaBounty Technologies®
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Triploidy: What is that?
• Organisms containing three sets of chromosomes
Haploid Diploid Triploid
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Triploid fish: What are they?
• Triploidy has been successful induced in multiple farmed species
• Impairs reproductive maturation and/or causes infertility
Rainbow trout Blue tilapia
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Triploid fish: How are they made? • Pressure or temperature shock and chemicals
can be used to induce triploidy
Meiosis I Meiosis I division
Shock
PB1 PB2 Meiosis II division
Fertilisation
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Triploid fish: What are they?
• However, polyploidy can be spontaneous and occurs in naturally producing fertile populations
Piferrer et al., 2009. Aqu.
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Methods
Diploid Triploid
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Preliminary work on salmon sterility
• Sperm concentrations: diploid vs triploid
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Preliminary work on salmon sterility
? Triploid
Diploid
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Conclusions (so far)
• No reproductively active triploid salmon.
• However even some diploid salmon were not mature yet.
• Triploids will need to be checked again next year.
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Diploid vs Triploid: nutritional sustainability?
“Sustainable feed ingredients has resulted in a decrease in
the nutritional value of farmed salmon”
Sprague et al., 2016. Sci. Reports
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Introduction
• Alternative feed ingredients lack essential nutrients
• Previous work has shown that physiology may enhance dietary nutrition
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Energetics of Reproduction
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Preliminary work
Juvenile Adult
Tocher et al., 2015. Sci. Rep.
Onset of gonadal development
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Triploidy and Sustainability
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Planned Work
• Comparison of muscle tissue biochemistry between triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon
• Does triploid inhibition of gonadal tissue
provide more nutrients to somatic tissues ?
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Conclusions
• Aquaculture provides good nutrition at cheap prices
• Triploidy salmon can benefit conservation of wild fish populations.
• Triploidy may also improve the sustainability of aquaculture.
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Thank you
Kainz Research Group University of Vienna Gage Research Group
University of East Anglia
Ims NINA Forskningsstasjon