aqua and mariculture of crustaceans in russia · in the open fish ponds on the south part of russia...
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Aqua and Maricultureof Crustaceans
in Russia
Russian Federal Research Institute ofFisheries and Oceanography
Dr. Kovatcheva Nikolina
Head of Laboratory of CrustaceanOntogenesis and Methods of Renewaltheir abundance (VNIRO, Moscow, Russia)
Introduction
In recent years, the cultivation of crustaceans is an importantdirection for aqua-culture in East and Central Europe, andparticularly Russia.
WHY is it important ?
preservation of species variety; maintenance of natural population size of commercially
valuable species; increase of production and diversity of delicacy
hydrobionts
WHY is it important ?
Subject of crustacean cultivation andinvestigation in Russia
giant freshwaterprawn
red king crab
freshwater crawfish
Crustaceans in Russia – distribution and cultivation
Murmansk
Russia
Vladivostok
Moscow
Freshwater crawfish in Russia(males) – subfamili Astacinae Latreille, 1802
(E.I. Alexandrova, 2008)
Distribution and economic –valuable parameters ofcrawfish in Russia
Species DistributionEconomic parameters
ProductivityKg/ha
FertilityEggs/f
consumerquality
A. astacus Baltic countries,Dnepr basin, Ukraine,Western Siberia,New Siberian area
Middle100 - 150
Low100-150
Very highBaltic countries,Dnepr basin, Ukraine,Western Siberia,New Siberian area
P. leptodactylus Asov-Black sea andCaspian basinBasins of White,Barents, and Baltic seas
Middle150 - 250
Middle150-200
High
P. cubanicus Basin of the Don riverand leman's of the eastcoast Asov sea
Middle150 - 300
High200-300
High
“Catching and culture of freshwater crayfishes in Russia”/ E.N. Aleksandrova, Yu.P.Mamontov, T.Yu. Polos’ants, M., 2001. – 47 p./ Review Information/ VNIERKh; Iss.1.)
WINTERAUTUMN
Technological scheme for narrow-clawed crawfishcultivation
WINTERAUTUMN
SPRINGSUMMER
Incubation period - Dec/AprilJuveniles 1-3 stage - April/JuneFirst year rearing (0+) - July/Oct
Winter period - Nov/AprilRearing of 2 years old cf - April/Oct
Marketing size – selling/brood stock
SPRINGSUMMER
Crawfish cultivation on the South part ofRussia
Crawfish cultivation on the North part ofRussia
The scheme of basin farm for crawfish juveniles rearing
Juvenile rearing tanks
Water reservoirwith heating
Accumulatingwater basin
Exhaust water reservoir
Mitckevich O.I., 2006, Crawfish catch and farming on the basin of European part of Russia. 207 p
Juvenile rearing tanks
Incubators
Brood stock basins
Freshwater crawfish obtain very aggressive cannibalistic behaviorand in the process of cultivation it is very important tounderstand the main definite factors.
Definite factors:
Stock density; Feeding; Temperature regime; Light day duration; Shelter availability; Structuredness of the space; Sex and age-related structure in the group; Other factors, challenge the stress.
Experiments for investigations ofcrawfish aggressive behavior
FRESHWATER CRAWFISH IN RUSSIA
Aggressive behavior investigations (VNIRO, Moscow)Freshwater crawfish obtain very aggressive cannibalistic behavior
and in the process of cultivation it is very important tounderstand the main definite factors.
Definite factors:
Stock density; Feeding; Temperature regime; Light day duration; Shelter availability; Structuredness of the space; Sex and age-related structure in the group; Other factors, challenge the stress.
Experiments for investigations ofcrawfish aggressive behavior
Giant freshwater prawnMacrobrachium rosenbergii
FWPOvigerouse
female
FWPPost-larvaeJuveniles
Warm – water aquaculture
FWPEggs
SWPLarvae
Zoea (I-XI)
FWP – freshwater period (benthic behavior)
SWP – salt water period (planktonic behavior)
Life cycle of M.rosenbergii(Wickins & Lee, 2002)
- water temperature – 28 - 31ºC
- salinity - 12 – 14 g L-1;
- differential feeding;
- stock density 80-120 ind./l;
Larvae culture conditions
Duration of all phases inculture conditions
(CRWS, VNIRO)
eggs – 14 days;larvae – 27 – 35 days;post-larvae – 14 days;juveniles untilmaturity – 90 days
Duration of all phases inculture conditions
Survival rate - 45-60 % (Z-XI)Z-XI length - 7.2 - 8.5 mm;Z-XI weight - 6.6 - 7.4 mg.
Optimization of the technology of stocking materialreceiving (M.rosenbergii) – VNIRO, Moscow (CRWS)
• optimal termo- and hydro chemical regimes in CRWS;• flow rate;• light intensity and photoregim;• stock density;• differential feeding;• grading decreasing of the
post-larva density;• substrates and shelters.
Warm – water aquaculture
Optimization of the technology of stocking materialreceiving (M.rosenbergii) – VNIRO, Moscow (CRWS)
• optimal termo- and hydro chemical regimes in CRWS;• flow rate;• light intensity and photoregim;• stock density;• differential feeding;• grading decreasing of the
post-larva density;• substrates and shelters.
Created 4 Patents ofCreated 4 Patents ofRussian FederationRussian Federation
In Russia were established 3 main cultivation approaches :
in the open fish ponds on the South part of Russia (in the summer period)
In the cages, basins and ponds on the waste hot water of the power stations;
In the basins with closed recycling water system.
Warm – water aquaculture
Two farms in Russia«Decapoda AS»,Astrakhan region – 2 tproduction/year.«Shaparievskii AS», Krasnodar region, - 1 tproduction /year
Two farms in Russia«Decapoda AS»,Astrakhan region – 2 tproduction/year.«Shaparievskii AS», Krasnodar region, - 1 tproduction /year
Directions of workArtificial reproduction with aim of rehabilitation of thenatural crab stocks
Dynamic of the red king crabstocks stocks in the Far Eastern basin
Red king crabRed king crabCold – water aquaculture
Cultivation and upgrading of techniques for long termlive king crab transportation
Interannual dynamic (TAC), official andunofficial catch of the red king crab from thewestern part of Kamchatka coastal area
Product is available all the year round every where in the world Live crabs are high quality and increasingly demanded raw material
The main steps of the red king crab artificial reproductionArtificial reproduction
Catch, transportation and keeping of females with eggs to themoment of larvae hatching;
Females transportationFebruary – MarchFemales transportationFebruary – March
Artificial reproduction
Growing tanks and aquariaGrowing tanks and aquariaLarvae hatching
Flowing system in the coastalComplexes
water temperature - 6-8ºC,water salinity - 32 – 35 g L-1.
Artificial reproduction
Recirculation water system (Moscow, VNIRO):1 – Holding tank; 2 – Biofilter; 3 – Chiller
Red king crab early life stages
Zoea I - 8-10 days56-70 degree-days
Zoea II – 7-8 days56-64 degree-days
Zoea III – 9-10 days72-80 degree-days
Zoea IV - 11-12 days88-96 degree-days
Larvae – planktonic zoeal stages (I-IV)
Artificial reproduction
The post larval stage – glaucothoenon-feeding stage (18 - 20 days)
Early JuvenilesJuveniles rearing: June – July,I stage 14-20 days, 140-200 degree days
The Barents Sea and the Sea of Japan, subzone Primorye
JUVENILES RELEASING IN THE NATURALENVIRONMENT
In 2012 were realized:in the Barents Sea - 300 000 red king crab juveniles;in the gulf «Vostok», the Sea of Japan – 200 000 red king crab juveniles
Artificial reproduction
Duration of the full cycle of red king crab juveniles receivingwere composed 2,5 months
ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION OF THE RED KINGCRAB IN PRIMORYE AND BARENTS SEA
OUR INVESTIGATION INPUT
• Approbation of red king crab artificial reproductionbiotechnology in the experimental coastal complexes.
• Optimization of the process of keeping berried females andlarvae receiving.
• Appreciating of efficiency of alga and ready-mixed feed forlarvae feeding.• Appreciating of efficiency of alga and ready-mixed feed forlarvae feeding.
• Investigating of larvae daily ratio.
• Testing of different kind of substrates forpost larvae (glaucotoe) settlement.
• Receiving of viable red king crabjuveniles.• Releasing of juveniles in the naturalenvironment.
Establishment of the experimental land based complex for redking crab keeping and on growing ;Optimization of techniques for long term storage and ongrowing of the red king crab;Upgrade of techniques for long term live king crab shipment.
Red king crab cultivationTASKS & GOALSTASKS & GOALS::
Establishment of the experimental land based complex for redking crab keeping and on growing ;Optimization of techniques for long term storage and ongrowing of the red king crab;Upgrade of techniques for long term live king crab shipment.
live king crab shipment
Research directions:
● Feeds and rations;
● Densities;
● Meat content determination;● Storage during pre-moulting and moulting
period.
Optimization of techniques for long term storage andon growing of the red king crab
Red king crab cultivation
● Feeds and rations;
● Densities;
● Meat content determination;● Storage during pre-moulting and moulting
period.
Experimental complexes in the Ura bay, “Arktic servis AS”and Vidiaevo “Severni proekt AS”, the Barents Sea
RUSSIA Red king crab cultivation
Flowing system“Severni proekt AS”
Recirculation water system“Arctic serves AS”
(36 tanks - 136 м2)(40 tanks - 160 м2)
Aviary in the Goriachinska bay, the Barents Sea ("Аquarius" AS) - 1600 м2
Red king crab cultivationRUSSIA
2000 crabs
Russian-Norwegian research project ( 2007-2011) :«Optimization and biological experimentation on the red king crabkeeping and on growing in the land based storage complex.Transportation and marketing live crab»
Norway King Crab Production AS,Bugǿynes, Norway,VNIRO, Moscow, Russia
NORWAY RUSSIARed king crab cultivation
Norway King Crab Production AS,Bugǿynes, Norway,VNIRO, Moscow, Russia
Bugøynes
Zero mortality during long term storage andtransportation;
Flow through water supply system;
On-line vital water parameters control;
61 tanks specially designed for crabs storage;
Heart activity monitoring system;
Effective sorting & packing methods;
Big scale experimental facility
WHAT WE HAVE GOT TODAYRed king crab cultivation
Zero mortality during long term storage andtransportation;
Flow through water supply system;
On-line vital water parameters control;
61 tanks specially designed for crabs storage;
Heart activity monitoring system;
Effective sorting & packing methods;
Big scale experimental facility
Paralithodescamtschaticu
s
Macrobrachiumrosenbergii
Astacusleptodactylus
Age of maturity, years 7-8 0,2-0,3 2-3Maturation frequency,annually
1 3-6 1
Biological and bioeconomical characteristics of thecrustacean species – subject of cultivation in Russia
Maturation frequency,annuallyFecundity, thousand/eggs 130-500 20-150 0,10-0,42Temperature limits, 0С 2-13 26-30 19-24Offspring care No No YesFood availability ** ***** ****Control of cultivation ***** ***** ***Commercial interest:Artificial reproductionCultivation - selling
*******
No*****
****
Remark: * - inferiority; ***** - maximum
What is necessary to organize for stimulationWhat is necessary to organize for stimulationof crustacean aqua and mariculture in Russia inof crustacean aqua and mariculture in Russia in
future?future?
TO ADOPT A NEW RULE OF AQUACULTURE AND ALL
SUBORDINATE ACTS
TO OPTIMIZE THE RISK INSURANCE SYSTEM IN THE
AQUA AND MARICULTURE
TO INCREASE THE INVESTMENT GUARANTEE AND
ATTRACTIVENESS
TO ADOPT A NEW RULE OF AQUACULTURE AND ALL
SUBORDINATE ACTS
TO OPTIMIZE THE RISK INSURANCE SYSTEM IN THE
AQUA AND MARICULTURE
TO INCREASE THE INVESTMENT GUARANTEE AND
ATTRACTIVENESS
ConclusionsConclusions
ALL PRESENTED BLOCKS AND DIRECTIONS OF WORK IN
CRUSTACEAN AQUA AND MARICULTURE BUILD ON
SETTLEMENT OF A GLOABAL PROBLEMS:
REHABILITATION OF THE NATURAL STOCKS OF
VALUABLE COMMERCIAL CRUSTACEANS SPECIES, AND
INCREASING EXPLOITATION EFFECTIVITY THERE
RESOURCE POTENTIAL.
ALL PRESENTED BLOCKS AND DIRECTIONS OF WORK IN
CRUSTACEAN AQUA AND MARICULTURE BUILD ON
SETTLEMENT OF A GLOABAL PROBLEMS:
REHABILITATION OF THE NATURAL STOCKS OF
VALUABLE COMMERCIAL CRUSTACEANS SPECIES, AND
INCREASING EXPLOITATION EFFECTIVITY THERE
RESOURCE POTENTIAL.
OUR TEAMOUR TEAMScientists from Laboratory of Crustacean Ontogenesisand Methods of Renewal their abundance, VNIRO,Moscow
Nikolina Kovatcheva, head oflaboratory,Rostislav Borisov,Ruslan LebedevAndrey Parshin-ChudinNatalia KryakhovaDaria NemtsevaMaria NazartsevaIvan ZagorskyDmitry TirinElena Chertoprud
OUR PARTNERSOUR PARTNERS
IBM DVO RAN, Vladivostok; “Dalnie Zelency”, Murmansk, Russia
Nikolina Kovatcheva, head oflaboratory,Rostislav Borisov,Ruslan LebedevAndrey Parshin-ChudinNatalia KryakhovaDaria NemtsevaMaria NazartsevaIvan ZagorskyDmitry TirinElena Chertoprud
