APWH

1450-1750

AFRICA 1450-1750Key Concepts

• 1st significant Euro contact with Africa• Motivations for Euro contact: 3 G’s• Main interest of Euros in Africa: slave trade• Major conflicts: among rival groups within Africa

(Moroccan invasion of the Songhai in 1591)• Depopulation of some areas of Africa• Political, economic, and social structures of

Africa remained largely intact until the 19th century

AFRICA 1450-1750Key Terms

• Benin• Cape Colony• Cassava• Dahomey• Gold Coast• Hausa• Kongo• Maize

• Manikongo• Oyo• Slave Coast• Songhai Empire• Swahili Coast• Trans-Saharan trade• Whydah

THE MIDDLE EAST 1450-1750Key Concepts

• Capture of Constantinople from the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire (1453)

• Euro powers challenged the empire’s social structure, economic prosperity, and political stability

• Safavid Empire (Iran): land-based empire at a time when power and wealth came from naval might and sea trade

• Global inflation caused by New World silver brought crisis to the OE and the SE

THE MIDDLE EAST 1450-1750Key Terms

• Anderun• Askeri• Devshirme system• Fatwa• Harem• Isfahan• Ismail

• Janissary• Mufti• Qizilbash• Raya• Shari’a• Sufi

ASIA 1450-1750Key Concepts

• Resurgence of traditional Chinese social, political, and economic practices

• China retreated from contact with lands to the east and west during the Ming

• Tokugawa Shogunate centralized authority in Japan• Shoguns maintained strict control over foreign influences

to minimize destabilizing influences in their society• Rise of Euro trade, laying the foundation for colonial

domination• Akbar (Mughal emperor): policies of religious toleration

allowed for Mughal Empire’s expansion• Akbar’s successors fail to maintain the centralized

authority necessary to withstand European involvement in India

ASIA 1450-1750Key Terms

• Canton system• Daimyo• Dutch East India

Company• Jesuit• Kabuki theater

• Little Ice Age • Manchu• Rajputs• Samurai• Shogun• Sikhs

EUROPE 1450-1750Key Concepts

• Major changes after the Crusades and the Black Death

• Towns and cities revived, driven by a growing Euro interest in trade which led to exploration and colonization

• Humanist world view• Effects of the printing press (led to Sci.

Rev. and Enlightenment)• Rise of absolutist regimes

EUROPE 1450-1750Key Terms

• Atlantic System• Bourgeoisie• Capitalism• Caravel• Catholic Counter

Reformation• Columbian Exchange• Enlightenment• Guild• Humanist • Indulgence

• Joint-stock company• Mercantilism• Middle Passage• Papacy• Printing press• Protestant Reformation• Renaissance• Scientific Revolution• Serf• Stock exchange• vernacular

THE AMERICAS 1450-1750Key Concepts

• Prior to Euro contact, civilizations throughout the Americas existed in relative isolation from one another

• Explorers from Spain, Portugal, England, France, the Netherlands, and others settled throughout the Western Hemisphere

• Effects of Columbian Exchange• Consequences of the introduction of African slaves• By 1750, Spain and Portugal controlled Mesoamerica

and South America• North American territory was shared by several Euro

colonial powers• British settlements would begin pressing for

independence

THE AMERICAS 1450-1750Key Terms

• Algonquin• Arawak• Atlantic System• Ayllu• Aztec• Carib• Chartered company• Chinampas• Columbian Exchange• Conquistador • Dutch West India

Company

• Encomienda• Huron• Iroquois Confederacy• Inca• Indentured servant• Khipu• Middle Passage• Mit’a• Plantocracy• Treaty of Tordesillas• viceroyalty

MAJOR COMPARISONS

• Compare European monarchies w/ land-based Asian Empires

• Compare labor systems: Atlantic slave trade; plantation vs. encomienda systems

• Compare the building of empires in Asia, Africa, Europe: How was power consolidated? Who had control? Who lost it?

• Compare Russia’s interaction w/ West and China or the Ottoman Empire

THE BIG PICTURE

1. Why did Europe become the dominant power 1450-1750?

2. Why were some European nation-states able to develop vast empires?

3. How did the various non-European cultures interact w/ Europeans? Why? Consequences?

4. How did the global economy change from 1450-1750?

5. How were the world’s civilizations impacted by this economic change?