AP European History Unit TestRomanticism and Revolution

Questions 1 – 2 Relate to the Image Below

1. The painting above embodies Romanticism for all of the following reasons EXCEPTa. It hints at an oriental themeb. Its colors are darker and subduedc. It reveals man’s place in Natured. The human figure is less important than the background

2. English painters like John Constable tended to focus ona. Pastural and natural scenesb. Glorification of English Nationalismc. A refutation of Nature’s powerd. The glory of God

Questions 3 – 7 Relate to the Passage Below “The function of this agent shall be to see to the strictest enforcement of existing laws and disciplinary regulations; to observe carefully the spirit which is shown by the instructors in the university in their public lectures and regular courses, and, without directly interfering in scientific matters or in the methods of teaching, to give a salutary direction to the instruction, having in view the future attitude of the students. Lastly, he shall devote unceasing attention to everything that may promote morality, good order, and outward propriety among the students. . . .

1. The confederated governments mutually pledge themselves to remove from the universities or other public educational institutions all teachers who, by obvious deviation from their duty, or by exceeding the limits of their functions, or by the abuse of their legitimate influence over the youthful minds, or by propagating harmful doctrines hostile to public order or subversive of existing governmental institutions, shall have unmistakably proved their unfitness for the important office entrusted to them. . . . No teacher who shall have been removed in this manner shall be again appointed to a position in any public institution of learning in another state of the union.

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John Constable, The Hay Wain, 1821

2. Those laws which have for a long period been directed against secret and unauthorized societies in the universities shall be strictly enforced. These laws apply especially to that association established some years since under the name Universal Students' Union (Allgemeine Burschenschaft), since the very conception of the society implies the utterly unallowable plan of permanent fellowship and constant communication between the various universities. The duty of especial watchfulness in this matter should be impressed upon the special agents of the government. The governments mutually agree that such persons as shall hereafter be shown to have remained in secret or unauthorized associations, or shall have entered such associations, shall not be admitted to any public office. 3. No student who shall be expelled from a university by a decision of the university senate which was ratified or prompted by the agent of the government, or who shall have left the institution in order to escape expulsion, shall be received in any other university.

The Carlsbad Decrees, 1819

3. What is the historical context of the above statement?a. The development of the conservative nationalist movement in Germanyb. The radicalization of liberal German nationalism.c. The signing of the Protocol of Troppau d. The issuance of the Ems Dispatch

4. What event seemed to be the origin of the “harmful doctrines hostile to public order or subversive of existing governmental institutions?”

a. The July Revolution in France b. The June Days in Francec. The Napoleonic Wars d. The Greek Revolution

5. A modern day example of the fears expressed in the Carlsbad Decrees could involve which of the following?a. The decline of Catholic Church membership in formerly prominent countries like France and Spain.b. The spread of radical anarchism in British controlled India and Pakistanc. The spread of sleeper cells dedicated to fundamentalist Muslim terrorist organizationsd. The spread of resurgent support for the Irish Republican Army.

6. Conservative attempts to crush liberal nationalist uprisings succeeded everywhere with the exception ofa. Greece b. Belgium c. Serbia d. Austria

7. Which early 19th century leader would have been responsible for issuing this decreea. Lord Castlereagh b. Prince Metternichc. Chancellor Bismarck d. Emperor Frederick William IV

Questions 8 – 12 Relate to the Map Below

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8. What was the main objective for Czar Nicholas I of Russia to start the Crimean War?a. Seizure of Ottoman controlled Crimeab. Securing Russian control of the Straits of Dardanellesc. The seizure of Moldova from the Habsburg Empired. Control of the eastern Mediterranean Sea

9. Which of the following best describes the pretext for the Russia and the Ottoman Empire going to war in 1853?a. A dispute over the concession to protect Christians in the Holy Land.b. Russia "accidently" sank an Ottoman vessel near the Crimean Peninsulac. Czar Nicholas I wanted to overthrow Sultan Abdulmecid.d. A Russian spy was captured in Constantinople with plans to assassinate the Sultan

10. Why did Britain become embroiled in the conflict depicted on the map?a. Protection of the Holy Places as war raged around the region.b. Britain sought to control valuable ports in the Black Sea regionc. Britain sought to protect the line of communication to India.d. Britain had a binding military alliance with the Ottoman Empire

11. Which statement best describes the result of the Crimean War?a. While Russia was obviously defeated, they still secured some territory in the Black Sea region.b. Britain suffered severe losses and the Tory majority in Parliament suffered a major defeat during Parliamentary elections.c. Italy, as a result of French weakness, declared independence.d. Prussia dissolved the Holy Alliance and conservatism declined across Europe

12. How did the Crimean War impact France?a. Support for the 2nd French Republic waned as the number of dead exceeded expectations.b. Because of its smashing victories France secured control of Mideast countries such as Syriac. France, as a result of the horrible losses was forced to make an alliance with Italyd. Popular support for the 2nd French Empire weakened

Question 13 -16 Relate to the Poem belowFrom childhood's hour I have not been

As others were; I have not seen

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As others saw; I could not bringMy passions from a common spring.

From the same source I have not takenMy sorrow; I could not awaken

My heart to joy at the same tone;And all I loved, I loved alone.

Then- in my childhood, in the dawnOf a most stormy life- was drawnFrom every depth of good and illThe mystery which binds me still:From the torrent, or the fountain,From the red cliff of the mountain,From the sun that round me rolled

In its autumn tint of gold,From the lightning in the sky

As it passed me flying by,From the thunder and the storm,And the cloud that took the form

(When the rest of Heaven was blue)Of a demon in my view.

Edger Allen Poe, Alone, published 1875

13. How does the poem above reflect the Romantic movement?a. Poe glorifies man's ability to harness nature's power.b. It is written in blank verse which is synonymous with most Romantic worksc. It reflects a darker almost sinister toned. It reflects a positivity that is common among many American poets.

14. The tone of Poe's work would be most related to which of the following Romantic groups?a. The passive tone of English landscape paintersb. The appreciation of nature exhibited by the Hudson River school of American artc. It reflects the Realism of French poetsd. It reflects the sturm und drang of the German poets and writers

15. In which of the following nations was Romanticism less appreciated?a. Italy b. Germany c. Britain d. the United States

16. The European Romantic movement in Europe coincided with what cultural movement in the U.S.a. The First Great Awakening b. Transcendentalismc. Manifest Destiny d. Realism

Questions 17 - 20 Relate to the passage below“The provisional government of the French republic decrees that the Tuileries shall serve hereafter as a home for the veterans of labor. The provisional government of the French republic pledges itself to guarantee the means of subsistence of the workingman by labor. It pledges itself to guarantee labor to all citizens. It recognizes that workingmen ought to enter into associations among themselves in order to enjoy the advantage of their labor. The provisional government returns to the workingmen, to whom it rightfully belongs, the million which was about to fall due upon the civil list. The provisional government of the French republic decrees that all articles pledged at the pawn shops since the first of February, consisting of linen, garments, or clothes, etc., upon which the loan does not exceed ten francs, shall be given back to those who pledged them. The minister of finance is ordered to meet the payments incidental to the execution of the present edict. The provisional government of the republic decrees the immediate establishment of national workshops. The minister of public works is charged with the execution of the present decree.

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Decrees of the Provisional Government Relating to the Workingmen, 1848

17. The decree above would have been most supported bya. The Army b. Liberals in Paris c. The Paris Commune d. The aristocracy

18. The Revolution of 1848 was sparked bya. The Abdication of King Louis XVIII b. The July Ordinances being announcedc. The banning of banquets d. The Abdication of King Louis Philippe

19. The direct result of the Revolution of 1848 wasa. The end of the First French Empire b. The establishment of the 2nd Republicc. The establishment of the 2nd Empire d. The establishment of the 3rd Republic

20. The decree effectively ended which set of pre-existing French laws?a. The Chapilier Laws b. The Ferry Lawsc. The Combination Acts d. The Corn Laws

Questions 21 – 23 Relate to the passage belowLouis Napoleon to his fellow-citizens:"In order to recall me from exile, you have elected me a representative of the people; on the eve of choosing a chief magistrate for the republic my name presents itself to you as a symbol of order and security.Those proofs of so honorable a confidence are, I am well aware, addressed to my name rather than to myself, who, as yet, have done nothing for my country; but the more the memory of the Emperor protects me and inspires your suffrages, the more I feel compelled to acquaint you with my sentiments and principles. There must be no equivocation between us.I am moved by no ambition which dreams one day of empire and war, the next of the application of subversive theories. Brought up in free countries, disciplined in the school of misfortune, I shall ever remain faithful to the duties which your suffrages and the will of the Assembly impose upon me.If elected president, I shall shrink from no danger, from no sacrifice, in the defense of society, which has been so outrageously assailed. I shall devote myself wholly and without reservation to the consolidation of the republic, so that it may be wise in its laws, honest in its aims, great and strong in its deeds. My greatest honor would be to hand on to my successor, after four years of office, the public power consolidated, its liberties intact, and a genuine progress assured. . ."

LOUIS NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, 1848

21. What factor best explains why the French people favored Louis Napoleon Bonaparte as their new President?a. He had vast experience in public finance, an important issue to the French middle class.b. He promised to arrest the leaders of the radical Paris Commune.c. He found supporters among those who still admired his uncle.d. He promised to initiate universal male suffrage

22. From the source above which pledge would the author soon violate?a. To be a symbol of order and security b. To defend society if electedc. To have no dreams of empire d. To shrink from no danger

23. Which of the following was the most serious problem faced by the 2nd French Republic?a. It was formed in midst of a war with its neighborsb. It faced gridlock from having so many political factions in the Chamber of Deputiesc. It faced a rebellion in its Algerian colonyd. The Paris Commune threatened to rebel again if a socialist was not chosen as Vice President.

Questions 24 - 26 Relate to the Image Below

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24. The political cartoon depicts which historical character?a. Emperor Napoleon III of France b. King Louis Philippe of Francec. President Louis Napoleon Bonaparte of France d. King Charles X

25. The historical context of the caricature would relate toa. The rising popular discontent following the French debacle in Mexico.b. The rising popular discontent due to violent suppressions of workers demonstrations in Paris and Lyonc. The popular anger of France becoming embroiled in the Crimean Ward. The plebiscite allowing Louis Napoleon Bonaparte to have the hereditary title of emperor

26. One result of the growing unpopularity of the French leader represented in the image wasa. The Abdication of King Louis Philippe.b. The eruption of the July Revolutionc. The Day of the Barricades in Parisd. The end of the Second French Republic in 1852

Questions 27 – 30 Relate to the Image Below

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27. Which of the following events precipitated the tensions that eventually led to open revolt?a. There was a secession crisis as Czar Alexander I died without a male heir.b. The death of Czar Alexander I was sudden neither heir wanted the throne.c. The was a challenge against the proclamation of the next czar.d. There was anger over Russian involvement in the Greek Uprising

28. The Decemberists could best be characterized as a. Young college students calling for liberalization of the government.b. Young army officers who wanted a more reform-minded czarc. Young anarchists who wanted to stoke revolution and topple the government.d. Cossacks who challenged the authority of the new czar

29. The Decemberist Uprising resulted ina. Economic liberalization of the economy and the abolition of serfdomb. The spread of greater literacy and education reformc. The creation of a new liberal constitution that finally entrenched civil rightsd. A conservative backlash against liberalism

30. Following the victory of Czar Nicholas I in 1825 and his policy of nationalism, which of the following countries was invaded and incorporated into the Russian Empire?

a. The Ukraine b. Poland c. Romania d. Latvia

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Karl Kolman, The Insurrection of the Decemberist, 1825

Questions 31 – 32 Relate to the Map Below

31. Which of the following best describes the context of the map above?a. The reaction of the Latin American countries to Congress of Viennab. Support for the exiled Bonaparte regimec. The nationalist revolutions against Spanish and Portuguese controld. The attempt by Brazil to gain hegemony in the region.

32. The reformation of the Holy Alliance resulted ina. the eruption of a naval conflict between Britain and the Holy Allianceb. the creation of a binding military alliance between Britain and several Latin American statesc. the creation of the Monroe Doctrine by the U.S.d. the creation of conservative military regimes in Latin America

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Questions 33 – 35 Relate to the Passage Below“Up! up! my Friend, and quit your books;

Or surely, you'll grow double:Up! up! my Friend, and clear your looks;

Why all this toil and trouble?

The sun above the mountain's head,A freshening lustre mellow

Through all the long green fields has spread,His first sweet evening yellow.

Books! 'tis a dull and endless strife:Come, hear the woodland linnet,How sweet his music! on my life,

There's more of wisdom in it.Sweet is the lore which Nature brings;

Our meddling intellectMisshapes the beauteous forms of things:—

We murder to dissect.

Enough of Science and of Art;Close up those barren leaves;

Come forth, and bring with you a heartThat watches and receives.

William Wordsworth, Tables Turned, 1798

33. The poem above is an example of which of the following developments in modern European history?a. Romantic writers’ emphasis on the study of the supernatural.b. Romantic writer’s emphasis on naturec. Romantic writer’s response to the Industrial Revolutiond. Romantic writer’s response to the French Revolution

34. Which of the following would be considered a characteristic of Romantic writers?a. An emphasis on the emotion and intuition.b. The belief that science alone provide knowledgec. An analysis of society and historical evolutiond. An emphasis on social problems

35. Romantic writers such as William Wordsworth were influenced by which of the following?a. The emotional power of mass politicsb. Reform of the Catholic Churchc. Rousseau’s questioning of the exclusive reliance on reasond. Natural Science, literature, and popular culture increasingly exposed Europeans to outside cultures.

Questions 36 – 37 Relate to the Passage Below“Look about you in Germany for the character of the nation, for their own particular cast of thought, for their own peculiar vein of speech; where are they? Read Tacitus; there you will find their character: "The tribes of Germany, who never degrade themselves by mingling with others, form a peculiar, unadulterated, original nation, which is its own archetype. Even their physical development is universally uniform, despite the large numbers of the people," and so forth. Now look about you and say: "The tribes of Germany have been degraded by mingling with others; they have sacrificed their natural disposition in protracted intellectual servitude; and, since they have, in contrast to others, imitated a tyrannical prototype for a long time, they are, among all the nations of Europe, the least true to themselves.. . .”

Johann Gottfried von Herder, Materials for the Philosophy of the History of Mankind, 1784

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36. Herder’s writing reflects which of the following ideas?a. Rationalism b. Nationalism c. Internationalism d. Socialism

37. In the passage, what does Herder seem to imply is the reason for German degradation?a. The invasion of the Roman Empireb. The refusal to accept the ideas of other nationsc. The loss of cultural uniqueness.d. The acceptance of Romantic values.

Questions 38 – 39 Relate to the Quotation Below“Put your hand on a hot stove for a minute, and it seems like an hour. Sit with a pretty girl for an hour, and it seems like a minute. That's relativity.”

Albert Einstein, 1905

38. The long-accepted Newtonian Universe was dashed by the late 19th -early 20th century because:a. It was discovered that Newton had poor math skills and could not justify his theory.b. Relativity postulates there is but one universal constant, the speed of light.c. Newton’s view was predicated upon the geocentric theory.d. Newton believed that universal laws varied with time and space.

39. The refutation of Newton’s paradigm was similar to the 17th and 18th century refutation ofa. Aristotle b. Ptolemy c. Brahe d. Hershel

Questions 40 - 43 Relate to the Passage Below “The Governments, having lost their balance, are frightened, intimidated, and thrown into confusion by the cries of the intermediary class of society, which, placed between the Kings and their subjects, breaks the scepter of the monarch, and usurps the cry of the people--the class so often disowned by the people, and nevertheless too much listened to, caressed and feared by those who could with one word reduce it again to nothingness. We see this intermediary class abandon itself with a blind fury and animosity which proves much more its own fears than any confidence in the success of its enterprises, to all the means which seem proper to assuage its thirst for power, applying itself to the task of persuading Kings that their rights are confined to sitting upon a throne, while those of the people are to govern, and to attack all that centuries have bequeathed as holy and worthy of man's respect--denying, in fact, the value of the past, and declaring themselves the masters of the future. We see this class take all sorts of disguises, uniting and subdividing as occasion offers, helping each other in the hour of danger, and the next day depriving each other of all their conquests. It takes possession of the press, and employs it to promote impiety, disobedience to the laws of religion and the State, and goes so far as to preach murder as a duty for those who desire what is good.”

Prince Metternich, Secret Memorandum to Czar Alexander of Russia, 1820

40. Why would Prince Metternich have been particularly concerned with political events in 1820?a. He feared another rise of French absolutism that might impact the Habsburg Empireb. The Habsburg Empire was particularly prone to nationalist uprisingsc. He feared the rising tide of Marxism would cause a violent revolution.d. He was concerned with a potential challenge to the Holy Alliance by Britain.

41. In the passage Metternich seems to be most concerned with the rising power of a. The peasants who demand an end to serfdomb. The restless Magyar nobilityc. The growth of the middle classd. The growing socialist values of the working class

42. What seems to be the freedom that Metternich and conservatives feared the most?a. A free press b. The right to assemble c. The absence of a state church d. Free Speech

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43. Twenty-eight years after the issuance of this memorandum how did events impact the Habsburg Empire?a. The Dual Monarchy was created uniting Austria and Hungary politically.b. Serfdom was finally abolished and a free peasant class came about.c. Emperor Ferdinand I was forced to abdicate and replaced by his more conservative son.d. Metternich convinced Emperor Franz Joseph I to withdraw from the Holy Alliance

44. Twenty-eight years after this memorandum which member of the Holy Alliance was brought in to suppress nationalist uprising in Hungary?

a. Russia b. France c. Prussia d. Spain

Questions 45 – 47 Relate to the Poem Below

“Despite of every yoke she bears,

That land is glory’s still and theirs!

‘Tis still a watch-word to the earth.

When man would do a deed of worth,

He points to Greece, and turns to tread,

So sanctioned, on the tyrant’s head:

He looks to her, and rushes on

Where life is lost, or freedom won.”

Lord Byron, The Siege of Corinth, 1820

45. Russia became involved in the Greek Uprising becausea. Czar Alexander I wanted to ensure that no liberal nationalist government could take root.b. Czar Alexander I believed that a fellow conservative regime must be supported even though they were non-Christians. c. Russia was inspired to intervene for humanitarian reasons following the Massacre at Chiosd. Russia hoped to exploit Ottoman weakness in the region.

46. The spread of the Greek Uprising led to a wider European involvement becausea. Britain and France were concerned over Russian expansionism so they supported the Ottoman Empireb. The British and French were concerned that non-involvement would create tensions at home.c. Russia hoped to gain control of territories around the Black Sea area.d. The Greeks threated to form an alliance with Russia allowing access to naval bases on the Aegean Sea

47. The steady weakening of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century or, the “Eastern Question” was a concern for British foreign policy because

a. The Panhellenic Movement threatened to destabilize the region.b. The “line of communication to India” might be jeopardized by Russiac. The French seemed poised for an invasion of Egypt as they had under Napoleon d. The Russians may gain control of the oil reserves in Saudi Arabia.

Questions 48 – 50 Relate to the Passage Below“Germany is in ferment within, and exposed from without to danger from more than one side. Deliverance from this danger can come only from the most intimate union of the German princes and people under a single leadership... I have taken this leadership upon me for the hour of peril... I have today assumed the old German colours, and placed Myself and My people under the venerable banner of the German Empire. Prussia henceforth is merged into Germany."

King Frederick William IV, "To My People and to the German Nation" 1848

48. The statement above resulted in the a. exit of Prussia from the Holy Alliance

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b. creation of the Frankfort Parliamentc. creation of a military alliance between Austria and Prussiad. exit of Prussia from the Congress System

49. The failure of the Frankfort Parliament resulted largely froma. a disagreement whether or not to include Austria into the “Greater Germany”b. a disagreement whether or not to maintain Lutheranism as the state religion.c. a disagreement whether or not to accept Frederick William IV as the king of a united Germanyd. a disagreement on whether of not to declare war on Austria

50. Despite his assertion in the passage above, what did Frederick William finally do to end the 1848 German Revolution?

a. He sent troops in to disband the Frankfort Parliament.b. Withdrew the Carlsbad Decrees.c. Withdrew from the German Confederationd. Cemented a binding military alliance with Bavaria

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