The American Revolution

April 1775: Battle of Lexington and ConcordFirst battle of the American revolution

between _____________forces and _____________ _____________

Paul Revere’s Ride “__________________________”

Concord was a victory for the colonist-“ The Shot heard round the World”

Lexington was a win for the _____________

British

Colonial Minute Men The British are Coming

British

May 1775: Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia13 out of the Thirteen colonies met:

the president of the Congress was _____________

Selected ___________________to be head of the continental Army

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwWi0zdF7wk&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

John Hancock

George Washington

June 1775: Battle of Bunker HillActually called

________________________Frontal attack by the British;

___________________________________of the War

Continental Army was _____________ until they ran out of gun powder

Breeds Hill

Bloodiest day of the War

winning

July 1775 Olive Branch PetitionLast attempt by colonist to restore

_____________ with BritainKing George Rejected the Petition

and asked Parliament to order a naval blockade

Peace

1775 King of England responds to loss of menHired thousands of German troops

called _____________ to help crush the rebellious colonist

Shock to the colonials- felt this was a “_____________”

http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/videos#american-revolution

Hessians

Family War

December 1775: failed invasion of CanadaGeneral Montgomery pushed north

to capture Quebec and met with General ________ __________________and what was left of his troops.

Launch on _________ failedMontgomery died and Arnold was

wounded in the leg

Benedict Arnold

Quebec

January 1776: Paine’s Common SenseInspiring piece of literatureCalled the King “ the Royal Brute of

Great Britain”Asked the questions

“___________________”America has a sacred mission to set

herself up as an independent, democratic republic

Made people see that we could not hope for aid from _____________ if we remained loyal to Britain

What Good is a King

France

July 1776: Declaration of Independence

July 2, 1776 – Congress agreed to pass Richard Henry Lee’s (Va.) statement that the United colonies should be free and independent state.

Needed a written statement- assigned a committee to do this

Thomas Jefferson wrote the statementStatement was signed on July 4, 1776Ideas on what to write came from:

1. Enlightenment philosopher: John Locke2. Author of Common Sense: Thomas Paine

1776: Choosing sides:Patriots or Whigs _____________ the

war of independence because:Loyalists or Tories fought for the

crown____ of the population stayed loyal

supported

20%

Summer and fall 1776: British Victories

Captured Quebec, burned Norfolk, took control of Boston;The British were settings sights on New York Sent 5 ships with _____________men ( largest armed force

seen until the Civil War)Washington with his _____________men fought and lost;

retreated back to New Jersey with the British at his heelsMilitary factor to colonial win: George Washington

avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his army and his leadership kept his army together when defeat and hard times prevailed.

British commander Howe did not want a winter campaign with supplies at low number so he set up camp

35,000

18,000

August 1776: Defeat in New York____________________ and ______________________

( Brothers) sailed into New York harbor with 32,000 men including _________________________________

Washington rallied 23,00 Americans – ________________ and had poor equipment

Americans were forced to retreat, and were pushed into PA

Many of Washington men had either _________________________________, so he was down to less than _________ men

Untrained

Admiral Howe

Hessian Mercenaries

General Howe

Deserted or been killed 8,000

Dec 25, 1776: Battle at Trenton:

Date December 26,1776 Washington and men crossed the

_______________Attack was a surpriseCaptured Hessians sleeping off _____________

_____________In retreat, Washington then inflicted a

sharp defeat on small British group at Princeton

*** revealed Washington or “_____________” at his military best

Delaware River

Christmas Celebration

Old Fox

Spring 1777- PhiladelphiaGeneral Howe hoped to take the ___________

The ________________________________ fled the city,

Washington attempts to block the British advances were_________________________

Capital City Second Continental Congress

Unsuccessful

October 1777 Battle of Saratoga:

British General Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire command to American General Gates

*** victory revived colonial cause*** this win helped to persuade the French to

enter into the war

Winter of 1777-1778 Valley Forge: Location outside of _____________Stayed _____________ there Men suffered from _____________and

_____________Still Continental Army was whipped into

shaped by Prussian drillmaster _____________

Philadelphiawinter

hungerFrost bite

Frederich von Stuben

1778: Formation of the French-American allianceColonies was Britain’s most ___________ possession

and if France could help them gain freedom, then France could get revenge for the loss in the French/Indian war and could regain the rank as ________________________________

France has been helping since Lexington loss – 90% of gunpowder used in war had come from France

King Louis XVI and France scared to openly declare war but feared to wait too long – might end up fighting Britain and its colonies if they lose

Valuable

A world power

________________________________was made between France and Ben Franklin, representative sent from the colonies to persuade entering the war – diplomatic factor leading to colonial victory

French support threw the British: could not count on commanding the coast due to French fleet in waters

Treaty of Alliance

1778-1779: Clark’s victories in the west:America at its darkest: congress going Bankrupt,

munity over back pay, disunion among the statesBritish General Cornwallis had fallen back to

Chesapeake Bay at ________________________________ waiting for supplies and reinforcements

Did not know Britain had lost control of the seas General Washington marched from New York to

Yorktown along with French while French blockaded ________________________________ in the sea

Cornwallis was cornered and surrendered 7,000 men while his band played “The world turned upside down”

Yorktown

Yorktown

Date ________________________________– Last battle of American Revolution

Triumph was French and AmericanLord North cried it was not over and fighting

continued for over one year in Yorktown but did no good

Military factor leading to colonial win: ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Americans benefited from presence of French army and navy at Battle of Yorktown

October 19, 1781

1783: Treaty of Paris:America sent three peace negotiators to

Paris:1. Ben Franklin 2. John Adams3. John JayInstructions from congress to make no

separate peace and consult with French allies throughout the negotiations

France had influenced ___________ to enter into war and made them promises they can’t keep

Spain

France wanted independence for America but wanted to keep it weak so they could promote French policy – paid heavy price in men and money for this win

John Jay started making secret negotiations with ________________________________

London, England

Treaty signed said:1. U.S granted independence from

Britain2. U.S. will not punish loyalists 3. Established boundaries of the US

and British territory4. Release of Prisoners of War 5. Granted the US and Britain access

to the Mississippi River 6. Gave the US Fishing rights in the

Gulf of Saint Lawrence and in the Great Banks

**** Britain wanted peace agreement to be as alluring as possible so it could pull America away from its French alliance

Problems with the treaty:1. British debt owed by the colonists

can be collected2. Did not set a date for when the

British must leave

New boundaries for the United States of America are :West: Mississippi River

East: Atlantic Ocean

North: Canada

South: Florida