approaches to scaling byboru douthwaite and ann degrande
TRANSCRIPT
Approaches to Scaling
Session 9: Theme 2Boru Douthwaite
Ann Degrande
An approach that aims to:• Use collective construction of
ToC to build ownership, energy, enthusiasm in implementation
• Identify emerging innovation trajectories to stabilize and amplify as one scaling pathway
• Periodically revisit ToC to build understanding of how R4D works, in what respect, to what extent, for whom, in what context (an IPG)
• Uses this IPG to improve program implementation => second scaling pathway
Theory of change as lever of changeBoru Douthwaite, Rodrigo Paz and Marina Apgar
Farmer-to-farmer extension in Cameroon: practice, opportunities and challenges
S Tsafack, A Degrande, S Franzel and B Simpson
• F2F extension is perceived as effective, but not sufficiently known, recognised, and supported
• Challenges related to:– Lead Farmer selection– Motivating LFs– Supporting LFs technically
and logistically– Synergies with other
extension services and notably government extension
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Advantages of F2F approach
Institutional perspective
Lead farmer perspective
• No meaningful differences in terms of age of HH head, HH size, farm size, experience with farming or wealth indicators between adopters and non-adopters
• What facilitated adoption significantly: • membership in farmer organisation,
• Contact with extension services,
• Exposure to agroforestry information.
• Farmers, men and women, share knowledge with fellow farmers within and outside their village, though to different extent depending on technique
• Importance of grassroots extension mechanisms and farmer-to-farmer dissemination
WHAT DRIVES AGROFORESTRY ADOPTION IN CAMEROON?Degrande A, Chiatoh M, Nimino G, Ngaunkam P, Franzel S And Place F
Key points from discussions
Theory of Change• Learning based approaches work generally well at
community level, but how deal with wider institutional changes that are required for changes to happen?
• How to scale this up? • How to actively invest in scaling? • What is the role of platforms in this process?
Not clear how the case studies that were presented inform about scaling approaches
Key points from discussions
Farmer-to-farmer extension• F2F extension is a useful approach• General concerns about:
– its effectiveness in reaching less well-off farmers and vulnerable groups
– Its sustainability (without external support)– Motivation of and incentives to lead farmers
• F2F probably works best in a more advanced stage along the innovation trajectory. Where does this approach fit into the Humidtropics model?
Adoption
• Adoption studies have the potential to help us better design extension programmes, and henceforth scaling out and up, but to be able to do that adoption needs to be unpacked. – what are the motives behind adoption?
– is adoption genuine?
– is adoption spreading?
– are farmers recommending to others?
Key points from discussions
Key take home messages
• Session looked at emerging innovation trajectories (ToC, F2F extension, role of CBOs in disseminating agroforestry innovations); the question is how to stabilise and amplify them to become pathways to scaling
• Adoption surveys can be useful in guiding scaling-up processes if they more explicitly look at underlying innovation trajectories and try to understand adoption dynamics