approach towards green telecom trai

8/3/2019 Approach Towards Green Telecom Trai

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T R A I 1



22

CO2

emissions from the Telecom sector

(Indian Scenario )

• Around 4% of the total GHG emissions are from the ICT sector ,

contributing around 80 million tones of CO2 emissions every year.

• ~ 25% of GHG emissions i.e. 1% of the GHG emissions is from the

telecom sector which is around 20 million tones of CO2 year. In contrast

the Global GHG emissions from telecom sector is only 0.7%

• The Average CO2 emissions per subscriber in India is around 21kg whencompared to the Global average of 8Kg of CO2 emissions per subscriber.

•The Telecom sector enables second order / third order impacts of ICTs. --

- tele-working ,e-medicine etc - which can save on CO2 emissions of theother sectors.

• Of the 100 million tonnes of CO2 emission reduction target, 30%

reduction will be from ICT adoption in buildings, transport and other

sectors.



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The Telecom sector

constitutes 24% of theCO2 emissions of theICT sector

The ICT sector constitutes 4% of thetotal CO2 emissions

Global telecom footprint(devices and infrastructure)

emission in ICT2CO

Alarming !The Mobilesector will constituteabout 51% of theemissions by 2020



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Green Telecom Strategy

• Green Telecom Networks – estimation of carbon

footprints of the industry, use methods to reduce CO2

emission and evolve a voluntary Carbon credit policy.

• Green Manufacturing – greening the manufacturing process involving eco-friendly components , energy efficient

manufacturing equipments and adoption of Life Cycle

Assessment in manufacturing process.

• Waste disposal – collection , transportation, recycling and

efficient disposal of phones and telecom / network

equipments.

• Green Buildings – optimization of energy , thermalemission and minimization of GHG emissions.

• The Green rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)

adopted by Govt of India as national Green building rating

system could be adopted by the service providers for reducingthe energy consumption levels and the CO2 emissions levels.



The Carbon footprints in the telecom industry (CT) could bebroadly divided into four categories in the Access network:-

(i) Carbon footprint from Landline (CL)

(ii) Carbon footprint from Mobile (CM)(iii) Carbon footprint from Fixed Broadband (CFB)

(iv) Carbon footprint from FTTx (CFT

The other THREE vital blocks that add to the Carbon footprints of

the telecom network are:-(i) Carbon footprint from Core Network (which includesedge / core Routers / NGN /softswitches / IP Cores /all core items / data centers / all centralized sub systems / peripherals ) (CC)

(ii) Carbon footprint from Aggregrators or Backhaul (CA)

(iii) Carbon footprint from Transmission Networks (CTX)

There are also various other factors of the Life Cycle AssessmentLCA.

Estimation of carbon footprint



Formula for calculation of carbon Footprint If the consumption of power of the Network

element, in KW (including Air Conditioning etc)

is P , the Grid power is for ‘x’ hrs , the power

from ‘z’ KVA DG is for ‘y’ hrs and the efficiency

of the generator is ‘η’ then

C = 0.365 [0.84Px + (0.528 yz /η) ] in Tonnes

Similarly carbon footprints for each of the

network elements are to be calculated.



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Green Telecom Networks -Carbon

footprints and Carbon credit policy• The Service providers should estimate the carbon footprints

of their networks and declare the same half yearly.

• Power consumption in the network constitutes for 75 % of

the CO2 emissions.• DG sets -one of the main sources of CO2 emissions. An 8

hour DG set usage will result in 8760 liters of dieselconsumed every year per tower. Only 70% of the telecomtowers have grid/Electricity Board power availability of lessthan 12 hours.(The national average is only 13.5 hrs per day).Therefore State Electricity Boards to provide grid power on

priority basis to BTS sites.

• Service providers should endeavour to ensure that the total power

consumption of each BTS will not exceed 500 W by the year 2020.



8

Green Telecom Networks -Carbon

footprints and Carbon credit policy• All Service providers should evolve a ‘Carbon Credit

Policy’ in line with carbon credits norms with the

ultimate objective of attaining full carbon neutral

footprints in rural areas and with 50% carbon neutralfootprint in urban areas by the year 2020. The base year

for calculating all existing carbon footprints would be

2011, with an implementation period of one year.

Hence the first year of carbon reduction would be theyear 2012.

• Service Providers should effect carbon reduction targets of–

8% by 2013, 12% by 2015 , 17% by 2017 and 25% by 2019-from the current levels(Base line year as 2011);thus creatingCarbon Credits. The carbon credits calculated could be tradedover MCX



Methods for reducing Carbon

Footprints

Better network planning

Infrastructure Sharing Adoption of energy efficient equipment

and innovative technologies

Improvement in supply of Grid Power

Use of Renewable sources of energy



1010

Green Telecom Networks -Methods for

reducing Carbon Footprints• Better network planning

a) Deployment of power amplifier efficient BTS systems b) Reduced use of Air Conditioners by efficient energy cooling

systemsc) Intelligent network elements shutdown system.d) Use of Software defined Radios , Mistral Cooling system and

deploying more number of femto cells

Step1: Large vs. small cells applying the energy metrics



21/11/2008T R A I 11

Green Telecom Networks -Methods for

reducing Carbon Footprints• Infrastructure Sharing

a) Operators can jointly roll out sites –both passive and active sharing – which could

typically achieve a 30% CAPEX saving accumulated over five years. This will

also reduce OPEX by 15% per year by the fifth year. b) Active sharing of network infrastructure, which involves the sharing of antennae

systems, backhaul transmission systems and base station equipment, will allow

operators to save an additional 40% on top of available savings from passive

infrastructure sharing.

c) Sharing also results in reduction of number of generator sets and telecom masts

installed, which leads to reduction in noise, air and visual pollution.

d) Sharing of the infrastructure using passive as well active methodologies should be

done to minimize the eventuality of locating new sites within the vicinity of

existing towers. [say within 200m, in Urban areas & within 2 Km, in

Rural areas]. Service providers should plan to have at least 10% of their sites

actively shared by the year 2014.



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• Adoption of energy efficient equipment and innovative technologiesa) Intelligent shutdown of TRXs b) By modifying BTS as outdoor units in place of Indoor BTS,

substantial savings could be achieved in cooling.c) An Integrated BTS with transmission backhaul system could be planned for future networks .

• Improvement in supply of Grid Powera) 67% of OPEX costs is because of energy. b) Only 70% of the telecom towers have grid/Electricity Board

power availability of less than 12 hours. (The national average isonly 13.5 hrs per day )

c) On improvement in grid supply, the CO2 emissions levels could be reduced.

d) Grid power to rural BTS sites should be provided on priority basis.



1313

• Use of Renewable sources of energya) Wind and Solar Energy Utilisation b) Fuel Cells

c) Biomass Energyd) Pico Hydro

• A phased programme should be put in place by the telecom

service providers to have their cell sites, particularly in the rural

areas, powered by hybrid renewable sources including wind

energy, solar energy, fuel cells or a combination thereof. The

eventual goal under this phased programme is to ensure that

around 50% of all towers in the rural areas are powered by

hybrid renewable sources by the year 2015.

• Service providers should evolve a Voluntary Code of Practice

encompassing energy efficient network planning , active infra sharing

, deployment of energy efficient technologies and adoption of

renewable energy sources.



Standardization The energy efficiency is reported by a factor called Energy consumption

rating [ECR] (W/Gbps) . It is calculated as an energy consumption normalizedto effective throughput. In other words, we assume the more energy-efficientnetwork system to be the one that can transport more data (in bits) using thesame energy budget (in Joules).

[ ECR= E / T] , where E denotes the maximum energy consumption (in watts)and T denotes the effective system throughput (in bits per second)

The tests should cover all the following different scenarios:- Energy Consumption in relation to dynamically changing load

Energy Consumption in relation to Statically changing load

Component level energy footprint.

Embedded energy monitoring capabilities. Collateral Energy Management.

The results obtained from the tests Nos 1 to 4 forms the energy “passport” of the product under test, can be used directly by consumers for evaluation andenergy planning purposes. Comparing product metrics will allow the service providers to had energy efficiency to purchase criteria. Normalization of the

energy consumption to the highest sustained throughput recorder will beestimate of best technology level.

Energy billing estimates over a period of time (Operational Cost) ‘C’ couldalso have to be determined. This will help the service provider to estimate the

best product i.e. energy efficient with respect to cost over a period of time.



R & D Customs/central excise duty on imports/domestic purchases for research

purposes

125 % weighted tax deduction on R&D expenditure in certain areas

Depreciation allowance on plant & machinery set up based on indigenous

technology

3 years excise duty waiver on patented products. A profit making industry registered with Department of Scientific &

Industrial Research for in-house R&D may get support upto 50% of the

cost of the project

A consortium of industry, academic institutions, research laboratory andR&D institution etc., could be formed to undertake a R&D project.

Consortium members will be required to share at least 50% of the cost of

the project. Balance will be released from MNRE funds to the

implementing institution in the consortium selected by consortium

members.

An industry may join hands with the Ministry to entrust an R&D project to

an R&D institution/research laboratory or an academic institution. MNRE

support up to 50% of the cost of the project will be available. For some

proposal from Universities, Government research institutions etc. Ministrymay provide upto100% funding, depending on project priority.



Normalized ECR = 0.8 0.533 0.3733 0.32



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approach towards green telecom trai

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