apprentissage moteur
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
PSYCHOLOGY OF MOTOR PSYCHOLOGY OF MOTOR LEARNINGLEARNING
MOTOR CONTROLMOTOR CONTROL
![Page 2: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
THE SENSORY SIDETHE SENSORY SIDE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SENSATION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SENSATION AND PERCEPTIONAND PERCEPTION
SENSORY RECEPTORSENSORY RECEPTOR SENSORY NEURONSENSORY NEURON SENSORY LIMITSSENSORY LIMITS SENSORY ADAPTATIONSENSORY ADAPTATION SPATIAL/TEMPORAL SUMMATIONSPATIAL/TEMPORAL SUMMATION
![Page 3: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
SOURCES OF SENSORY SOURCES OF SENSORY INFORMATIONINFORMATION
PROPRIOCEPTIVEPROPRIOCEPTIVE VESTIBULARVESTIBULAR JOINT RECEPTORSJOINT RECEPTORS MUSCLE SPINDLESMUSCLE SPINDLES CUTANEOUS CUTANEOUS
RECEPTORSRECEPTORS GTOsGTOs
EXTEROCEPTIVEEXTEROCEPTIVE
VISIONVISION
AUDITIONAUDITION
![Page 4: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
MOTOR UNITMOTOR UNIT
VARIATIONSVARIATIONS– INNERVATION INNERVATION
RATIORATIO
– TYPES OF FIBERS TYPES OF FIBERS INNERVATEDINNERVATED
![Page 5: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
MOTOR UNITMOTOR UNIT
AMOUNT OF AMOUNT OF TENSION TENSION DETERMINED BY:DETERMINED BY:– NUMBER OF UNITS NUMBER OF UNITS
RECRUITEDRECRUITED
– FREQUENCYFREQUENCY
![Page 6: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
SPINAL CORDSPINAL CORD
INTERNEURONSINTERNEURONS PATTERN GENERATORSPATTERN GENERATORS CENTRAL PROGRAMS IN CORDCENTRAL PROGRAMS IN CORD
![Page 7: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
PROPRIOCEPTION AND PROPRIOCEPTION AND MOTOR CONTROLMOTOR CONTROL
MUSCLE SPINDLEMUSCLE SPINDLE GOLGI TENDON GOLGI TENDON
ORGANORGAN
![Page 8: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
MUSCLE RECEPTORSMUSCLE RECEPTORS GTOGTO
– In series with muscle In series with muscle fibersfibers
– Sensitive to tensionSensitive to tension
– Firing sends inhibitory Firing sends inhibitory message to muscle in message to muscle in which located (so stretch which located (so stretch to active muscle would to active muscle would cause same muscle to cause same muscle to decrease tension) decrease tension)
MUSCLE SPINDLEMUSCLE SPINDLE– In parallel with In parallel with
extrafusal muscle fibersextrafusal muscle fibers
– Sensitive to length and Sensitive to length and rate of change of lengthrate of change of length
– Firing sends excitatory Firing sends excitatory message to muscle in message to muscle in which it is located (so which it is located (so stretch enhances stretch enhances contraction)contraction)
![Page 9: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
GTOGTO
Each GTO connected to only small group (3 Each GTO connected to only small group (3 to 25) muscle fibers; thus, receptor to 25) muscle fibers; thus, receptor positioned to sense tensions in limited positioned to sense tensions in limited number of motor units rather than whole number of motor units rather than whole musclemuscle
Very LARGE stretch needed to cause firing.Sensor a protective device to prevent muscle from contracting too forcefully
![Page 10: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
MUSCLE SPINDLESMUSCLE SPINDLES
COMPONENTS:COMPONENTS:– Sensory Receptors sensitive to length of Sensory Receptors sensitive to length of
equatorial regionequatorial region– Ia Afferent Neuron - output related to length of Ia Afferent Neuron - output related to length of
equatorial region (position) and rate change of equatorial region (position) and rate change of region (velocity) - basis of stretch reflexregion (velocity) - basis of stretch reflex
– Intrafusal fibers - small muscle fibers Intrafusal fibers - small muscle fibers innervated by gamma efferent (motor) neuronsinnervated by gamma efferent (motor) neurons
![Page 11: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
You have now been exposed to all of the components of the stretch reflex. Get into your study groups and work on the following assignments. Draw the stretch reflex and include all of the components. Then, think about ways that the stretch reflex is used in order to enhance various movements. Come up with at least two examples.
![Page 12: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
STRETCH REFLEXSTRETCH REFLEX
![Page 13: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
SPINAL REFLEXESSPINAL REFLEXES
STRETCH STRETCH REFLEXREFLEX
FLEXION FLEXION REFLEXREFLEX
CROSSED CROSSED EXTENSOR EXTENSOR REFLEXREFLEX
![Page 14: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
BRAIN STEM AND MOTOR BRAIN STEM AND MOTOR CONTROLCONTROL
RIGHTING RIGHTING REFLEXESREFLEXES– LABYRINTHINELABYRINTHINE
– NECK RIGHTINGNECK RIGHTING
– BODY RIGHTINGBODY RIGHTING
– OPTIC RIGHTINGOPTIC RIGHTING
![Page 15: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
BRAIN STEMBRAIN STEM
TONIC TONIC REFLEXESREFLEXES– Tonic Tonic
Labyrinthine Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)Reflex (TLR)
– Tonic Neck Tonic Neck Reflex (TNR)Reflex (TNR)
![Page 16: Apprentissage moteur](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061611/555dd1bdd8b42ab56b8b531b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
HIGHER CORTICAL LEVELS HIGHER CORTICAL LEVELS INVOLVED IN MOTOR INVOLVED IN MOTOR
CONTROLCONTROL RETICULAR RETICULAR
FORMATIONFORMATION CEREBELLUMCEREBELLUM BASAL GANGLIABASAL GANGLIA MOTOR CORTEXMOTOR CORTEX