applying it can be difficult to do
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Applying IT can be difficult to do. Systems analysis and design is about understanding and applying methodologies to help create effective information systems. A brief introduction to the WCA. Let’s look at the Work Centered Analysis (WCA) as its applied to the Amazon case - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Applying IT can be difficult Applying IT can be difficult to doto do
Systems analysis and design is about Systems analysis and design is about understanding and applying understanding and applying methodologies to help create methodologies to help create effective information systemseffective information systems
A brief introduction to the A brief introduction to the WCAWCA
Let’s look at the Work Centered Let’s look at the Work Centered Analysis (WCA) as its applied to the Analysis (WCA) as its applied to the Amazon caseAmazon case
We’ll go into this in much more detail We’ll go into this in much more detail next class...next class...
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.2
Table 1.1Amazon.com Provides a New Way to Shop for Books
A brief introduction to the A brief introduction to the WCAWCA
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.3
Table 1.1Amazon.com Provides a New Way to Shop for Books
CUSTOMER
Person who purchases books
Wholesalers that supply the books
Amazon.com’s shipping department
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.4
Table 1.1Amazon.com Provides a New Way to Shop for Books
PRODUCT
Information about books that might be purchased
Information describing each book order
Books that are eventually delivered
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.5
Table 1.1Amazon.com Provides a New Way to Shop for Books
BUSINESS PROCESS
Major Steps:
•Purchaser logs on to www.amazon.com
•Purchaser identifies desired book or gives search criteria
•Purchaser looks at book-related information and decides what to order
•Purchaser enters order
•Amazon.com orders book from wholesaler
•Wholesaler sends book to Amazon.com
•Shipping department packages order and sends it to the purchaser
Rationale:
Instead of forcing book buyers to go to typical bookstores, permit them touse online access from home or from work.
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.6
Table 1.1Amazon.com Provides a New Way to Shop for Books
PARTICIPANTS
People interested inpurchasing books
Order fulfillmentdepartment of wholesaler
Shipping departmentof Amazon.com
INFORMATION
Orders for books
Price and otherinformation abouteach book
TECHNOLOGY
Personal computer usedby purchaser
Computers and networksused by Amazon.com fororder processing
Phases in Building and Phases in Building and Maintaining SystemsMaintaining Systems
InitiationInitiation DevelopmentDevelopment ImplementationImplementation Operation & MaintenanceOperation & Maintenance
Another view of Another view of DevelopmentDevelopment
Requirements Analysis
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Testing
Conversion
MaintenanceTraditional WaterfallModel
Prototyping
Iterative Model
Prototyping allows Prototyping allows you to use you to use “successive “successive approximation” to approximation” to get closer to an get closer to an optimum solutionoptimum solution
OO Analysis and Design
OO Analysis and Design organize an application around objects with a problem domain.
Analysis Design
Object ModelingObject ModelData DictionaryState Transition Diagrams
Use Case AnalysisInteraction DiagramInformal Use Case
Classes/Responsibilites /Collaborators
CRC CardsCollaboration Graphs
System DesignObject DesignTechnical ArchitectureRefined Object ModelState Transition Diagrams
Requirements Analysis
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Testing
Conversion
Maintenance
Multiple IterationsMultiple IncrementsConcurrent Development
Design phases can be Design phases can be applied to non-IT projectsapplied to non-IT projects
Have you experienced similar phases Have you experienced similar phases in any type of project you’ve in any type of project you’ve undertaken?undertaken? Buying a car?Buying a car? Renting an apartment?Renting an apartment?
IT-Based Innovations in IT-Based Innovations in Business FunctionBusiness Function
Product design systemsProduct design systems Procurement systemsProcurement systems Manufacturing systemsManufacturing systems Sales and Marketing systemsSales and Marketing systems Delivery systemsDelivery systems Customer service systemsCustomer service systems Finance systemsFinance systems
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.12
Table 1.3Six Data Processing Functions Performed by Information Technology
FUNCTION: CAPTURE
Definition: Obtain a representation of information in a form permitting it tobe transmitted or stored
Example: Keyboard, bar code scanner, document scanner, opticalcharacter recognition, sound recorder, video camera, voice recognitionsoftware
FUNCTION: TRANSMIT
Definition: Move information from one place to another
Example: Broadcast radio, broadcast television via regional transmitters,cable TV, satellite broadcasts, telephone networks, data transmissionnetworks for moving business data, fiber optic cable, fax machine, electronicmail, voice mail, internet
FUNCTION: STORE
Definition: Move information to a specific place for later retrieval
Example: Paper, computer tape, floppy disk, hard disk, optical disk,CD-ROM, flash memory
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.13
Table 1.3Six Data Processing Functions Performed by Information Technology
FUNCTION: RETRIEVE
Definition: Find the specific information that is currently needed
Example: Paper, computer tape, floppy disk, hard disk, optical disk,
CD-ROM, flash memory
FUNCTION: MANIPULATE
Definition: Create new information from existing information throughsummarizing, sorting, rearranging, reformatting, or other types ofcalculations
Example: Computer (plus software)
FUNCTION: DISPLAY
Definition: Show information to a person
Example: Laser printer, computer screen
Progress in ITProgress in IT
Miniaturization, speed and portabilityMiniaturization, speed and portability Connectivity; convergence of Connectivity; convergence of
computers and communicationscomputers and communications
Progress in IT (continued)Progress in IT (continued)
Use of digitized information and Use of digitized information and multimediamultimedia
Improved software techniques and Improved software techniques and human interfaceshuman interfaces
Obstacles when Applying IT Obstacles when Applying IT in the “Real World”in the “Real World”
Unrealistic expectationsUnrealistic expectations Difficulty in building and modifying Difficulty in building and modifying
systemssystems Difficulty in interfacing/integrating Difficulty in interfacing/integrating
systemssystems Organizational inertia/change Organizational inertia/change
managementmanagement
It is It is reallyreally hard to predict hard to predict the future in ITthe future in IT
What about Bill Gates, stating that no What about Bill Gates, stating that no one would ever need more than one would ever need more than 640KB of memory on a PC?640KB of memory on a PC?
What type of PC do you think you’ll What type of PC do you think you’ll be using in 5 years?be using in 5 years?
Dell Computer CaseDell Computer Case
What role does information What role does information technology play in running Dell’s technology play in running Dell’s business?business?
Dell has moves toward a “virtual Dell has moves toward a “virtual value chain.” What is this? What are value chain.” What is this? What are the pros and cons of this approach?the pros and cons of this approach?