applied well testing
TRANSCRIPT
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Applied Well TestingApplied Well TestingDieter Becker Dieter Becker
Echometer CompanyEchometer Company
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Well Test ObjectivesWell Test Objectives
•• Reservoir PressureReservoir Pressure
•• PermeabilityPermeability
•• Skin Factor Skin Factor
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Types of Well TestsTypes of Well Tests
•• DrillstemDrillstem TestTest
•• Drawdown TestDrawdown Test•• Buildup TestBuildup Test
••
Injection TestInjection Test•• Falloff TestFalloff Test
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Test ToolsTest Tools
•• DrillstemDrillstem toolstools
•• Wireline Conveyed Pressure GaugeWireline Conveyed Pressure Gauge
•• Permanently Installed Pressure GaugePermanently Installed Pressure Gauge
•• Capillary TubeCapillary Tube
•• Surface Pressure GaugeSurface Pressure Gauge•• Acoustic DeviceAcoustic Device
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Advantages of AcousticAdvantages of Acoustic
Pressure MeasurementsPressure Measurements
•• No need to pull rods & pump No need to pull rods & pump
•• Less costLess cost
•• Better early time dataBetter early time data•• Data viewed in real timeData viewed in real time
•• Ensures test objectives metEnsures test objectives met
•• Well returned to production ASAPWell returned to production ASAP
•• No downhole tools No downhole tools•• Able to test highly deviated wellsAble to test highly deviated wells
•• No potential fishing No potential fishing
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Load &AccelerationSignals
Motor Current and Power SignalsPressure SignalAcoustic
Signal
Pump
Flowline
Microphone
Fluid Level
Flowing BHP
Reservoir Pressure
PolishedRodSensor
Casing Head Pressure
Computer and A/D Transducer
12 Voltbattery
G a s S u p p l y
ValveControl
Gas
Gaseous Liquid
Liquid
WELL ANALYZER SYSTEMWELL ANALYZER SYSTEM
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Well Analyzer Well Analyzer
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Wellhead AttachmentWellhead Attachment
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Test SetupTest Setup
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Measurement ScheduleMeasurement Schedule
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Liquid LevelLiquid Level
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Depth DeterminationDepth Determination
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Test DataTest Data
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Data PlotsData Plots
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BHP vs. TimeBHP vs. Time
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Liquid AfterflowLiquid Afterflow
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LogLog--Log PlotLog Plot
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MDH PlotMDH Plot
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Horner PlotHorner Plot
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What is Skin Effect?What is Skin Effect?
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Skin DamageSkin Damage
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Negative Skin factor Negative Skin factor
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Skin Factor Skin Factor
•• Skin factor used to quantify skin effectSkin factor used to quantify skin effect
•• Run pressure transient test (buildup) toRun pressure transient test (buildup) todetermine skin effect.determine skin effect.
•• Skin factor used to see if productionSkin factor used to see if production
increase is possible with stimulationincrease is possible with stimulation•• Determine economics of stimulationDetermine economics of stimulation
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Flow EfficiencyFlow Efficiency
khS qB Ps /2.141 ???
Jideal Jactual ency FlowEffici /?
)/()(/ pwf p ps pwf p Jideal Jactual ?????
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Analysis ToolsAnalysis Tools
•• LogLog--Log Plot w/DerivativeLog Plot w/Derivative
•• Horner PlotHorner Plot•• MDH PlotMDH Plot
•• Type CurvesType Curves
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LogLog--Log PlotLog Plot
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Horner PlotHorner Plot
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MDH PlotMDH Plot
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Type Curve MatchingType Curve Matching
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Case StudyCase Study
ProductionProduction
AfterAfter
TreatmentTreatment
(MCFGPD)(MCFGPD)
TreatmentTreatmentProductionProduction
BeforeBefore
TreatmentTreatment
(MCFGPD)(MCFGPD)
Skin Factor Skin Factor
--3.043.04
2702702000 gal acid2000 gal acid1701701.61.6
2502501500 gal acid1500 gal acid43437.087.08
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SummarySummary
•• Run Pressure Transient TestRun Pressure Transient Test
•• Determine Skin EffectDetermine Skin Effect
•• Determine if Production IncreaseDetermine if Production IncreasePossiblePossible
••
Determine Economics ofDetermine Economics ofStimulationStimulation
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Horizontal Well TestingHorizontal Well Testing
??Differ from Vertical Well Tests as follows:Differ from Vertical Well Tests as follows:
– – Flow geometry is 3 dimensional instead of 1Flow geometry is 3 dimensional instead of 1
dimensional. Analysis more difficult.dimensional. Analysis more difficult.
– – Open interval to flow much larger and not wellOpen interval to flow much larger and not well
known.known.
– – Vertical permeability plays important role.Vertical permeability plays important role.
– – Many possible flow regimesMany possible flow regimes
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Early Time FlowEarly Time Flow
Ky and Kz
Ky
Kz
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Late Time FlowLate Time Flow
Boundary
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Pressure ResponsePressure Response
Pressure
Derivative
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SummarySummary
??Data acquisition uses conventionalData acquisition uses conventionalmethods.methods.
??Analysis more complicated than verticalAnalysis more complicated than vertical
well.well.
??Requires more information about reservoirRequires more information about reservoirrock properties.rock properties.
??Best analysis from use of computerBest analysis from use of computersimulation to match pressure andsimulation to match pressure andderivative.derivative.