Applied pathological anatomyinspection of meat

Inspection technique and Entry Patterns

H.I.D.A.O.A.

S 7 (DCEV2)

School year 2008-2009

Translation by Abohameed aly

reminders:• Ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections:

- AM 17/03/92, Article 19: "Inspection and control of approved establishments

accordance with this decree, as well as ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections

must be provided by a veterinary inspector.

To ensure such inspections and controls, the veterinary inspector shall be assisted

by health technicians and attendants under his authority and

responsibility.

- Ante-mortem inspection is a veterinary specificity (diagnosis)

- Even in cases of emergency, ante-mortem examination must be carried out by the

veterinary inspector of the slaughterhouse (AM of 9 June 2000, Article 8)

- Post mortem inspection: normal and abnormal carcasses are sorted

by technicians and attendants (except emergency slaughter), under the authority of the

veterinary

- No transfer of responsibility

Reminders: the "hygiene package"• Regulations EC 853/2004 and 854/2004 of 29 April 2004: organization of

controls and specific rules applicable to BDOAs

- Applicable to 1 January 2006

- Increased accountability of operators

- Strengthening of upstream requirements:

• Livestock information (livestock register)

• Animal health status

• Cleanliness of the animals

• "animal welfare": good treatment

- Information to be transmitted within 24 hours

the introduction of animals into the slaughterhouse

Inspection techniqueAnte-mortem Inspection (Former Formula):- Documents: if absence ==> postponement of slaughter or slaughter and carcass (854/2004)- Animal protection: search for ill-treatment and acts of cruelty- Pathologies:• Research on diseases transmissible to humans and animals• Research into diseases or disturbances of general meat unfit for human consumption• Search for signs indicating the administration of active substancespharmacological• Tired or injured animals- Animals "affected" by a communicable disease or affecting the health of meat: => euthanasia and rendering- Suspect animals: ==> End-of-chain slaughter and detailed examination

Inspection technique• Ante-mortem inspection (hygiene package):- Obligatory, on all animals- Within 24 hours of arrival of the animals at the slaughterhouse, andless than 24 hours before slaughter, and at any time- Search for signs indicating that "the welfare of animals hasbeen compromised "- Search for a condition likely to "harm animal or human health".human health, including zoonoses and diseases on thelist of notifiable diseases of the World Health Organizationanimal health- Full Clinical Inspection of Suspect Animals- Specific requirements for animals slaughtered outside slaughterhouses

List O.I.E. (common diseases to several species)Brucellosis (Brucella abortus) • Brucellosis(Brucella melitensis) • Brucellosis (Brucella am) •Cowdriosis • Echinococcosis / hydatidosis •Japanese encephalitis • Foot and mouth disease • Fever catarrhal sheep • Anthrax West Nile Fever • Rift Valley Fever • Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever • Fever Q • Leptospirosis • Aujeszky's disease • Myiasis Chrysomya bezziana • Myiasis Cochliomyiahominivorax • Paratuberculosis • Rinderpest •Rabies • Vesicular stomatitis • Trichinellosis • Tularemia• http://www.oie.int/fr/maladies/en_classification.htm

List O.I.E. bovine diseasesBovine Anaplasmosis • Bovine Babesiosis •Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis • Coryza gangreneux • Contagious nodular dermatosis• Bovine viral diarrhea • Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy • Bovine leukosis Enzootic • Contagious Pneumonia bovine •Infectious rhinotracheitis bovine / infectious pustular vulvovaginitis •Hemorrhagic septicemia • Theileriosis •Trichomoniasis • Trypanosomosis (transmitted bytsé-tsé) • Bovine tuberculosis

Cleanliness of the animals ...

Inspection technique• Post-mortem inspection:

- Uninterrupted supervision of inspection officers

- Inspection of all parts of an animal, including blood

- Three Times:

• Visual inspection

• palpation of certain organs

• Incision of certain organs and lymph nodes

- If cuts are necessary, have them practiced by the owner of the

carcass or its representative

- SANCTIONS:

• Applying the health stamp used in the slaughterhouse

• Instructions for further examinations (bacteriology, residues ...)

• Input (restriction of use)

Inspection techniquePost-mortem inspection:- Mandatory and systematic research:• Cysticercosis of pigs (Cysticercus cellulosae, Taenia solium)• Cysticercosis of other species (including C. bovis)• Gland of solipeds (Burkholderia mallei)• BSE testing: cattle over 30 months old (48 months soon)• Trichinae of pigs and solipeds• TSEs on sheep and goats (according to economic situation)• Tuberculosis and brucellosis- In a very general way: function of the dominant

(species, sex, age, type of production, etc.)

Inspection technique• Cattle over 6 weeks old:- Visual examination: head, throat, tongue, trachea and lungs, pericardium and heart, liver,gastrointestinal tract, spleen, kidneys, uterus, udder, diaphragm, pleura,peritoneum, joints, lymph nodes

(n.l.), visible muscle surfaces- Palpation: tongue, lungs, esophagus, liver, liver lymph nodes and pancreatic, stomach and mesenteric

lymph nodes, spleen, udder(if necessary)- Incisions:• External massagers (2 incisions) and internal (1 incision), n.l. of the head. Elimination of tonsils• N.l. pulmonary parenchyma, pulmonary parenchyma, trachea and main bronchi• Heart: 1 incision opening the 2 ventricles, passing through the septum• Liver: 2 incisions: palette and base of the caudate lobe

• Possibly: n.l. intestinal, kidneys, udder.

Technique d'inspection• Cattle less than 6 weeks old:- Visual examination: head and throat, lungs, trachea, esophagus, pericardium, heart,diaphragm, liver and corresponding lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract,spleen, kidneys, pleura, peritoneum,

umbilical region, joints- Palpation: tongue (!), Lungs, liver, n.l. Gastrointestinal Spleen Region umbilical and joints- Incisions:• N.l. retropharyngeal; ablation of the tonsils• N.l. pulmonary trachea, main bronchi• Heart: an incision (see cattle)• Liver if necessary• N.l. gastrointestinal tract if necessary• Kidneys and n.l. if necessary

• Umbilical region and joints if necessary

Inspection technique• Pigs:

- Visual examination: head and throat, mouth, back mouth, tongue, lungs,trachea, esophagus, pericardium, heart, diaphragm, liver and n.l., gastrointestinal tract,mesentery, n.l. corresponding, spleen, kidneys, pleura, peritoneum, organs

genitals, udder and n.l., umbilical region and joints

- Palpation: lungs and n.l., liver and n.l., n.l. stomach and mesenteric,spleen, umbilical region and joints.

- Incisions:

• N.l. submaxillary, elimination of tonsils

• Lungs, trachea and main bronchi

• Heart: an incision

• Kidneys and n.l. (if necessary)

• N.l. mammals (sow)

• Umbilical region and joints (if necessary and with all precautions hygienic: risk of spread of zoonoses: red mullet, salmonella,Pasteurella ...)

Inspection technique• Small ruminants:- Visual examination: head, throat, mouth, tongue, n.l. correspondents lungs,

trachea, esophagus, pericardium, heart, diaphragm, liver and n.l. gastrointestinal tract, mesentery and n.l.

corresponding, spleen, kidneys, pleura, peritoneum, genitals, udder and n.l., umbilical region and joints.

- Palpation: lungs and n.l., liver and n.l., spleen, umbilical region and joints- Incisions:• Lung and n.l. If in doubt• Heart in case of doubt• Liver: visceral face (examination of the bile ducts)• Kidneys and n.l. if necessary

• Umbilical region and joints if necessary

Inspection technique• Domestic solipeds:

- Visual examination: head and throat, tongue, lungs, trachea, esophagus, pericardium, heart,diaphragm, liver and n.l., gastrointestinal tract, mesentery and n.l., spleen, kidney,pleura, peritoneum, genitalia, udder and n.l., umbilical region and joints

- Palpation: n.l. cephalic, tongue, lungs, n.l. pulmonary, liver and n.l., spleen,kidneys, umbilical region and joints.

- Incisions:

• N.l. cephalic, ablation of the tonsils.

• N.l. lung, if necessary. Lung, trachea and main bronchi

• Heart: an incision

• N.l. stomach and mesentery

• Kidneys and n.l., if necessary

• N.l. breast, if necessary

• Umbilical region and joints, if necessary

- N.B .: horses with a gray or white dress: obligatory search for tumors

melanic: kidneys (incised over their entire length) and rhomboid (shoulder lift)

Logic of Inspection• Why seize (justification)?

- Because it is obligatory (reasons explicitly provided for by the regulations)

• See AM. From 17/03/92, Article 31

- Public health objective: toxic products

(presence of germs, parasites, substances dangerous for the consumer)

- Business Objective:

• Reputable commodities: color, odor, shape,consistency…

• Insufficient food: composition or content useful principles

Calf liver: malformation

Bovine kidney: malformation

Horse Liver: steatosis

Logic of Inspection

• DO NOT MIX UP:ground of seizure and justification of seizure- The reason must be described in precise terms andexplicit, without trial of the causes orat the evolutionary stage

- The rationale is implicit

Logic of Inspection• Nature of the abnormal phenomenon:- Traumatic?- Toxic?- Parasite?- Infectious?• Scope of the process:- Injury- Loco-regional effects

- General Impacts

Trauma and accidents• Traumatic injury (injury, fracture, sero-hemorrhagic infiltration,

accident…)

- Regulatory definition: AM of 9 June 2000, JORF of 15 June 2000,

Article 1:

• "Injured animal: any animal which presents clinical signs provoked abruptly by trauma or by failure of the surgery or obstetric surgery, while in a good state of health before trauma or intervention "

• "Sick animal: any animal which exhibits manifest pathological signs with serious repercussions on the general condition other than those defined in paragraph preceded or appeared in different circumstances ".

- An "accident" dating back more than TWO DAYS, or the absence of commemorates, causes the systematic euthanasia of the animal.

Veal shank: fractureVery Local Infiltration

Absence of repercussion:Very recent lesion

(per-mortem)=> partial input

Bovine leg: fractureImportance of haemorrhagic lesions, presence of fibrin

and edema: recent lesion (transport)

Bovine cutting: sero-haemorrhagic infiltrationCoagulated blood, fibrin and edema diffusing between the planes

muscle: advanced lesion (a few days)

Bovine legs: infiltrationsero-haemorrhagicFibrin and bloodthe surface of the carcassexternal contusionNormal-looking muscleRecent injury

Pelvic cow channel: sero-haemorrhagic infiltrationProbable origin: accident on the part

Cow back;sero-hemorrhagic infiltrationorigin: accident on the partVery dark, overworked meat

Mare carcass:Sero-hemorrhagic nfiltration of the pelvic pathway.Quasi-normal aspect of the carcass but total seizure:unfavorable bacteriological examination

Carcasses of lambs:Sero-hemorrhagic infiltrations extensive, due to the attack herd by stray dogsTotal entry

Pork thigh:Fracture of the femur.Sero-hemorrhagic infiltration.Injury where predominatesthe blood: recent character

Generalized processes

• Acute poisoning or intoxination:

- Ingestion or in situ production of toxic(Enterotoxicosis ...)

- Liver and kidney damage: degeneration

- Sometimes hemolytic jaundice

Liver, tongue and kidney of bovine: fatty degenerationLiver very hypertrophied, friable, dough consistencyHypertrophied, degenerated kidneysYellow tracheal mucosa: jaundiceToxic process not determined

Detail of the liver of the previous slide (hile region):soft and friable consistency

Cervical Uterus: gangrenous metritisLiver of the same animal: hepatitis and degeneration (resorptionof toxins)

Parasitic lesions• What parasite?

- Zoonoses:

• Bovine Cysticercosis

• Porcine cysticercosis

• Trichinosis

- Potential zoonoses

• Echinococcosis

- Other:

• Cysticercosis other

• Ascaridoses

• Hepatic, pulmonary and intestinal strongylosis

• Distomatoses

• Hypodermosis

Bovine masseter: live cysticeric

Heart of cattle: calcified cysticercosis

Pig muscle:cysticercosis(Cysticercus cellulosae)

Striped pig muscle: trichinous cyst

Sheep fringe:Echinococcosis

Sheep diaphragm: cysticercosis with Cysticercus ovis,larva of Taenia ovis (definitive host: canidae)

Liver of sheep: cysticercosis with Cysticercus taenuicollis, larva ofTaenia marginata (= T. hydatigena). Definitive host: canine

Synonyms: hepato-peritoneal cysticercosis, "water ball"

Bovine lung:Induced atelectasisby verminous plugsDirofilaria sp.

Sheep lungs: "verminous pneumonia" in its three essential forms:1: calcified pseudotuberculosis (Muellerius capillaris), 2: "gray pneumonia" (Protostrongylus

rufescens), 3: apical pneumonia.

Horse Liver: calcified pseudotubercles of strongylian origin

Pork liver and intestine: ascaridosis and chronic interstitial hepatitis

Bovine liver: cholangitis and sclerosis of distomic origin (Fasciola hepatica)

Bovine liver: cholangitis.Large living moat emerging from the incised bile ducts

Bovine liver: cholangitis and sclerosis of distomic originSubacute eosinophilic lymphadenitis

Bovine lung: partially calcified necrotic focuserratic distomatosis

Sheep liver: bile duct ectasia (fasciolosis)

Liver of sheep: foci of scattered sclerosis: dicrocoeliosis

Bovine carcassEosinophilic

dorsal infiltrationsHypodermosis

Spinal canal of cattle: larva migrans (hypodermosis)

Lesions of infectious origin• Characteristic lesions of a communicable diseaseto the man:- Tuberculosis- Brucellosis- Rouget- Salmonellosis- Coals (bacterial and symptomatic)

- Gore

Bovine lung TuberculosisComplete Primary ComplexN.B .: the denomination of tuberculosis is reserved for lesions where the tubercle

bacillus by culture or histopathology

Bovine lung tuberculosisChronic form of organsOther features:Bleeding AccidentRegurgitation of agony

Bovine liver: caseous necrosis and multiple nodules (tuberculosis)

Bovine liver: fibro-calcific lymphadenitis and parenchymatous focimultiples of the same nature. Tuberculosis (chronic form of organs)

Cow Placenta: Haemorrhagic necrosis of cotyledons (brucellosis)

Pork carcass:Congestive dermatitis in focigeometric"Disease of the tile"Rouget (cutaneous form)Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Veal liverNecrotizing insular hepatitis"Ledschbor Liver"salmonellosis

Bovine thigh: pseudotumoral focus of hemorrhagic necrosis:Symptomatic Coal: Clostridium sp.

Cattle spleen: Intense congestion and massive necrosis: Bacterial charcoal"Blood of spleen" (Bacillus anthracis)

Lesions of infectious origin• Other cases:- Extent of virulence?• Infectious focus: always virulent => seizure• Loco-regional repercussions: lymphadenitis• Passage into the bloodstream: syndromesgeneralization- septicemia- septico-pyoemia

- generalized congestion

Liver of cattle: abscessEncysted process: confined virulence

Bovine liver: hepatic necrobacillosis. Unconfined virulence

Lymphatic nodeof cattleCongestive Lymphadenitis

Bovine lymph node: fibrous lymphadenitis with hypertrophyof lymphoid follicles

Pig lymph nodeCongestive Lymphadenitis

Bovine carcass: hemorrhagic septicemia: multiple sufferings

Bovine IntestineMultiple haemorrhagic bleedingsepticemia

Bovine lungHemorrhagic necrosis outbreaksmultipleSeptico-pyaemia

Pig lung: pyoemic abscess

Bovine kidney: congestive glomerulitis

Bovine kidney: glomerulo-epithelial nephritis

Bovine kidney:Miliary abscessSeptico-pyaemia

Pork kidney: congestive glomerulo-nephritisNB: this lesion evokes red mullet

Bovine kidney:multiple abscessesSeptico-pyoemiabacillus of necrosiscytosteatonecrosisGeneral congestion

Pork kidney: thromboembolic nephritis

Spleen of cattle: pyoemic abscess

Lesions of infectious origin• Acute lesions (obligation to describe them):- Vascular and cellular phases of inflammation- Congestion- Exudation=> congestive, exudative, edematious, fibrinous,sero-fibrinous, sero-haemorrhagic, purulent,

necrotic, gangreneous, sickly ...

Bovine peritoneumCongestive Peritonitis

Bovine peritoneumCongestive Peritonitis

Bovine peritoneumFibrino-congestive peritonitis

Bovine peritoneum:Fibrino-congestive peritonitis

Bovine peritoneum:Gangreneous peritonitis

Bovine carcass:"Generalized congestion"Character bleeding

Lesions of infectious origin

• Chronic lesions (compulsory to describe):- Wound healing phase, fibrosis, reorganization,exhaustion.=> fibrous, sclerotic, cicatricial, encysted ...

=> amyotrophies, serous infiltrations

Bovine peritoneum:Fibrous peritonitis

Bovine carcassphthisis

Bovine carcassHydrocachexie

Bovine carcass:Hydrocachexie

Bovine carcass:Hydrocachexie