applied biomechanics – a multifaceted approach to answering human movement questions with...
TRANSCRIPT
Applied Biomechanics –a multifaceted approach to answering human movement questions with objective data
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Session 1: Experts review the basic principles of biomechanics and how the study of human movement has evolved over time. Presenters highlight examples in applied kinematics, applied kinetics and applied neuromuscular/motor control and demonstrate how methodologies vary depending on the field of study or area of expertise.
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John Cockroft, PhD
Managing Staff Scientist,Central Analytical FacilitiesStellenbosch University
Coleman Bessert
Applied BiomechanistNORAXON USA
Applied Biomechanics –a multifaceted approach to answering human movement questions with objective data
Hosted By: Sponsored By:
J o h n C o c k c r o f t , P h DC o l e m a n B e s s e r t , M . S c .
© 2 0 1 6 N O R A X O N U S A , A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . H o s t e d b y I n s i d e S c i e n t i f i c w i t h p e r m i s s i o n .
Mission, to be a catalyst for the scaling and use of biomechanics from the research environments to the applied science world of clinicians, specialists, and sports scientists.
From my experience, these clinicians are searching for objective ways to assess and monitor their patients/athletes, which I
believe biomechanics is the solution.
Coleman Bessert
Mission: to contribute towards the advancement of evidence-based healthcare services in Africa through the development of
world-class research facilities, professional expertise and student training curricula.
John Cockcroft
Biomechanics: the study of the structure and function of biological systems using the principles of mechanics.
TODAY’S FOCUS:
Human musculoskeletal biomechanics: the study of the structure and function of the human musculoskeletal system during functional movement.
Electromyography (EMG):Recording of the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles.
TODAY’S FOCUS:
Kinesiological EMG: the recording of electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles during movement.
Surface EMG: the recording of electrical activity using electrodes mounted on the skin surface.
From philosophers To cutting edge technology
Aristotle, “Father of Kinesiology”
~400 B.C.
Galen, “Father of Sports Medicine”
~200 A.D.
WHAT WERE THE MAJOR ADVANCEMENTS THAT FOLLOWED?
New discoveries about the human body- Systematic dissection of human cadavers
- Establishment of anatomy as a discipline
Development of mathematical disciplines- Analytical geometry
- Newtonian mechanics
Sensor Technologies
Computing Solutions
Electro-mechanical devices for measuring:- Time
- Position
- Force
- Bio-electrics
Computers used for performing:
- Reliable data storage
- Automatic analysis
- Real-time data visualizations
Portable Sensing and Computing
Mobile Integrated Solutions
Application-Rich Solutions
- Untethered
- Unobtrusive
- Easy to use
MovementHuman
MovementTheory
Question
Experiment
Analysis
VisualObservation
Insight
Female Athlete. Elite level female soccer player about to start an off-season training program.
Risk of Injury. The performance staff wants to understand which athletesare at risk of injury if they participate in off-season program.
Count-Movement Vertical Jump.Replicates the eccentric and concentric loads an athlete endures during a change of direction task.
Measurement& Modelling Data
MovementHuman
MovementTheory
Question
Insight
Analysis
Experiment
VisualObservation
(video)
MeasurementData
Measured (external)
Segment kinematics
Modelled(internal)
Skeletal kinematicsVisual
Observation
Flexion, 5.4 degrees asym. more on right.(131.5 / 136.9)
Abduction, 12.9 degrees more on right.(6.4 / 19.3)
Rotation(out), 18 degrees more on left.(12.5 / -5.5)
Dorsi Flexion, 2.5 degrees asym. more on right.(30/32.5 )
Inversion, 3 degrees more on left.(16.7 /13.7)
Flexion, 5.4 degrees asym. more on right.(131.5 / 136.9)
Abduction, 12.9 degrees more on right.(6.4 / 19.3)
Rotation(out), 18 degrees more on left.(12.5 / -5.5)
Dorsi Flexion, 2.5 degrees asym. more on right.(30/32.5 )
Inversion, 3 degrees more on left.(16.7 /13.7)
MovementHuman
MovementTheory
Question
Insight
Analysis
Experiment
Cause
Forces
Measured(external)
Segment kinetics
Modelled(internal)
Skeletal kineticsMeasurement
& Modelling Data
VisualObservation
(video)
Modelled(internal)
Skeletal kinematics
Measured (external)
Segment kinematics
Modelled(internal)
Skeletal kinetics
LEFT
-
-
546 N /1323 N
2575 N/s
RIGHT
-
-
522 N / 1246 N
2053 N/s
RATIO
2.6
2.2
1.05/1.06
1.25
KAI Eccentric
KAI Concentric
Loading / Landing PF
Rate of Force Development
MovementHuman
MovementTheory
Question
Insight
Analysis
Experiment
MeasurementData
Measurement& Modelling Data
Cause
Forces
Mechanics
Cause
Biology
NeuromuscularActivity
Measured(external)
Muscle excitation
Modelled(internal)
Muscle forces
VisualObservation
(video)
Modelled(internal)
Skeletal kinetics
Modelled(internal)
Skeletal kinematics
Measured(external)
Segment kinetics
Measured (external)
Segment kinematics
Modelled(internal)
Muscle forces
Activation Level
122.4%
55%
2.23
Quad (VMO)
Hamstring (Sem)
Ratio
Muscle Group
Model input
MovementHuman
MovementTheory
Question
Insight
Analysis
Experiment
Cause
Forces
Mechanics
Cause
Biology
NeuromuscularActivity
Biomechanics
Measurement& Modelling Data
VisualObservation
(video)
Modelled(internal)
Skeletal kinetics
Measured (external)
Segment kinematics
Modelled(internal)
Skeletal kinematics
Measured(external)
Segment kinetics
Measured(external)
Muscle excitation
Modelled(internal)
Muscle forces
Fundamental Knowledge
Integrative Perspective
Sensor Solutions
Computing Solutions R & D R & D R & D
Mobile
EMG3D Motion Capture
Video CapturePressure and Force
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F r o m P r e v e n t i o n T o R e c o v e r y
A Snapshot. One to many tests that provide insight into an
individual’s compensations and restrictions.
Injury Prevention or Rehab. The continual re-assessment to track
progress and intervention impact.
Training Tool. Leveraging visual, auditory, and tactile senses to increase the rate of recovery.
Outcome Data. Measure the outcome of the rehab or training effect on the athlete in an uncontrolled chaotic environment.
Forces. Ability to express, control, and stabilize external load on the body.
Motion. Joint mobility and stability during static and dynamic movements.
Neuromuscular Activation. Muscular effort, coordination, and symmetry.
Baseline, allowing for practitioner's to rapidly gain insight into key athletic qualities and capabilities.
Confirming your Intuition. Subjective assessments are only as good as the practitioner. Objective data can be used to standardize and remove intra- and inter-tester variability.
Forces. Center of Pressure, Tibial Shock.
Motion. Stability– Hip Drop, Hip and Knee Adduction. Mobility – Hip and Knee Rotation.
Neuromuscular Activation. Prime Mover Activation LevelsCore Activation and Fatigue
Subconscious improvement, returning accurate information real-time to the user. Allowing the
user to interact with and understand the internal control systems.
Consistent, meaningful tracking. Collecting data to understand adaptation and improve prescription.
Stay in the moment. Push your limits and be able to analyze every aspect of your performance.
InsideScientific is an online educational environment designed for life science researchers. Our goal is to aid in
the sharing and distribution of scientific information regarding innovative technologies, protocols, research tools
and laboratory services.
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