application of mems in surgery

8/8/2019 Application of Mems in Surgery

1/27

APPLICATION OF MEMS

IN SURGERY

SUBMITTED BY

SUCHITH SOMAN.T

EPAHEECO55

GOVT.ENGG COLLEGE

SREEKRISHNAPURAM


2/27

What is MEMS?

MEMS Fabrication

MEMS Devices

Advantages

Future Scope


3/27

WHAT IS MEMS ?

MEMS is the acronym for Micro Electro

Mechanical Systems

It is a technique of combining Electricaland Mechanical components together on a

chip, to produce a system of miniature

dimensions.

Especially actuators and sensors.


4/27

MEMS FABRICATION

Micro-electro discharge machining

Laser Micro Machining

Stereo Lithography


5/27

MICRO ELECTRO DISCHARGE

MACHINING To shape conductive materials

Controlled electronic discharge

Dielectric fluid for :. Removal of erosion particles

. Keeping substrate material from

oxidising


6/27

Classification ofbiological MEMS

devices

Biomedical MEMS deals in vivo, withinthe host body.

precision surgery

Drug delivery

Biosensors and other physical sensors

Biotechnology MEMS deals in vitro, withthe biological samples obtained from thehost body.

gene sequencing D


7/27

MEMS and

PrecisionSurgery


8/27

Micro-surgicaltools

Present day surgeons operate within a do-

main restricted by the mobility and control

of the surgical tools at hand.

MEMS surgical tools provide the flexibility

and accuracy to perform

precision surgery.


9/27

MEMS driven scalpels

Precise control of the scalpel is an

important requirement in any surgery.

MEMS piezoelectric motor help toaccurately position the scalpel.

MEMS pressure sensors incorporated on

the scalpel, can help to measure the force

exerted on the area operated upon.

Accordingly, the scalpel can he handled.


10/27

MEMS Driven Scalpel


11/27


12/27

MEMS redefines endoscopy with

Lab on a Pill

Size : 35mmComponents of lab on a pill Digital camera (CMOS Technology)

Light source Battery Radio transmitter Sensors (MEMS Technology)

Requires no sedationCan show a view of the entire small intestineCan aid in early detection of colon cancer


13/27

THE MEMS PILL

INTERNAL STRUC

TURE


14/27

Working ofthis MEMS pill

The pill is intended to be swallowed like anynormal pill.

Once within the body, the pill's sensors sample

body fluids and pick up "meaningful patient data"such as temperature, dissolved oxygen levelsand pH.

The pill is expected to retrieve all data over a 12-

hour period and disposed off, once excreted. This data is transmitted wirelessly to a card

attached to the wrist of the individual.


15/27

MEMSandDrug

Delivery


16/27

MEMS Micro-needles

MEMS enables hundreds of hollow micro-needles to be fabricated on a single patch ofarea, say a square centimeter.

This patch is applied to the skin and drug isdelivered to the body using micro-pumps.

These micro-pumps can be electronicallycontrolled to allow specific amounts of the drugand also deliver them at specific intervals.

Micro-needles are too small to reach andstimulate the nerve endings, and hence causeno pain to the body.


17/27

MICRO-NEEDLE

PATCH


18/27

Smart Pill A MEMS device that can be implanted in the

human body.

Consists of

biosensors

Battery Control circuitry

Drug reservoirs

The biosensors sense the substance to be

measured, say insulin. Once this quantity falls below a certain amount

required by the body, the pill releases the drug.


19/27


20/27

MEMSBIO-SENSORS


21/27

Biological Sensors

Device that integrates a biological component

with an electronic component to yield a

measurable signal.

Biosensors, which come in a large variety of

sizes and shapes, are used to monitor changes

in environmental conditions.

They can measure acidity levels (pH), analytesand pressure in blood.


22/27

TYPES OF BIO-SENSORS

Pressure Sensors

Temperature Sensors

UltraSound Sensors


23/27

Challenges forMEMS medical

sensors Biocompatibility remains the biggest hurdle for

MEMS medical devices.

Life of the device.

Retrieving data out of the device.

Resist drifting along with the body fluids.


24/27

ADVANTAGES OF MEMS

Small volume of reagent samples (like blood),required for analysis.

Low power consumption, hence lasts longer onthe same battery.

Less invasive, hence less painful.

Integration permits a large number of systems tobe built on a single chip.

Batch processing can lower costs significantly.

Existing IC technology can be used to makethese devices.

Silicon, used in most MEMS devices, interfereslesser with body tissues.


25/27

CONCLUSION

In the next five years we will begin to see the

proliferation of MEMS technology into surgery

As surgical MEMS technology becomes more

mature and established, we will see theintegration of multiple sensors on surgical tools.

The result will be smart surgical tools which will

communicate with the surgeon, even turning

themselves off or resisting the surgeons

movements if they sense danger to the patient.


26/27

REFERENCE

[1] K.J. Rebello, Applications of MEMS inSurgery,. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.92,

No.1, Jan., 2006.

[2] P. Dario, A. Menciassi, C. Stefanini, and D.Accoto, Miniaturization of biomedicalmicromachines, in Proc. 2nd Annu. Int.IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conf.Microtechnology Medicine and Biology,2002, pp. 291296.

[3] D. Polla, A. Erdman, D. Peichel, R. Rizq,Y. Gao and D. Markus Precision


27/27

THANK YOU

application of mems in surgery

Documents