application guide gear grinding · gear modul product name abrasive type 3m specification preferred...
TRANSCRIPT
Gear grinding. At the highest level.
As a machine element, the gear wheel is an elementary component of almost all modern machines.
This “wheel equipped with teeth evenly distributed along the circumference” is primarily installed in all types of gearboxes and is needed to make transfers between two rotations or between one rotation and a linear movement (pairing of a gear wheel with a rack). Gear drives represent the largest group among gear boxes. They are positive-locking and are consequently slip-free.
Gear grinding requires high precision throughout the process, and it is important to use the right grinding wheel for the application. The selection of abrasive material and wheel configuration depends on the base alloy, tooth geometry, and size of the production run, among other factors. 3M’s recently expanded abrasives portfolio can help you meet the growing demand for tighter dimensional tolerances and shorter production schedules, even with difficult-to-grind materials.
Our products and services• Competent application consultants
at your production site• Technical cooperation in order
to increase productivity• Calculation of the total cost• Grinding seminars
Threaded gear grindingIn threaded gear grinding a number of motions occur simultaneously. The worm grinding wheel rotates on its axis while mesh ing with the gear workpiece which is rotating on its axis. The radial infeed to engage the gear being ground with the wheel is in the x direc tion. The infeed across the thickness of the gear is up and down in the z direction while the shift travel moves the gear across the full width of the worm wheel in the y direction.
A solution for every application.
Bevel gear grindingIn bevel gear machining one distinguishes between two types of grinding:
• Generation grinding (discontinuous)
Generation grinding in bevel gear machining is a discontinuous grinding process in which machining is done tooth by tooth. The generating movement of grinding wheel and workpiece is coupled.
Grinding wormGrinding
stroke(axial feed
rate)
Grinding stroke(axial feed rate)
Shift travel fy
fz
• Plunge grinding
Plunge grinding is also a discontinuous grinding process, in which machining is performed tooth by tooth. Both tooth flanks are machined simultaneously. There is a surface contact between tooth flank and grinding wheel. Due to the plunge movement of the grinding wheel in the axis direction, the grit path runs in parallel to the tooth base and the surface structure runs in the tooth width direction. Grinding grooves running in parallel to the tooth base emerge. The grinding direction is from the ring gear toe at the inner diameter to the ring gear heel at the outer diameter, or vice versa. Only ring gears can be produced by means of plunge grinding. Pinions cannot be ground with this process due to their geometry.
· Additional oscillating movement besides main rotation of the grinding wheel
· Grinding spindle is positioned in an eccentric bushing, separately driven
· Eccentric value between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm
· Eccentric speed approx. 200 – 500/min; slower than the rotational speed of the grinding wheel (value approx. 2,000/min)
· Improved surface in pinion grinding
Grinding wheel
Cutting travelInfeed travel
Eccentric travel
Eccentric spindle axisGrinding spindle axis
Working wheel
Infeed is done through the grinding wheel before entering the flank. During generation grinding all axes are moved; however, the grinding wheel is not infed in the sense of grinding stock.
· When grinding ring gears, the oscillation causes an interruption of the grinding contact, which means better cooling, lower power consumption
• Single rib gear grinding
Gear profile grinding is a discontinuous grind ing process. Contrary to generation grinding, profile grinding is machined gap by gap. The grinding wheel profile is absolutely identical with the finished gear profile. Compared to generation grinding, where the profile is “produced” by the generating movement, in profile grinding the profile is generated by the profile form that is integrated in the grinding wheel. Thus a higher profile accuracy can be achieved compared to generation grinding.
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veh
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gea
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indu
stria
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k ge
ars,
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rosp
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gear
co
mpo
nent
s
helic
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sp
ur g
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pi
nion
sha
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- 2
.03M
™ V
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ed
Grin
ding
Whe
el 2
2VD
Abr
al93
NA
120
J18
VPL
F68
/60
2WS1
3
• go
od m
ater
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emov
al ra
te•
low
bur
n ris
k•
best
pro
file
qual
ity•
best
sur
face
fini
sh•
best
for s
mal
l mod
ules
• Li
ebhe
rr
• R
eish
auer
•
Kap
p-N
iles
•
Sam
pute
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•
othe
rs
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- 2
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™ V
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Grin
d ing
Whe
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Abr
al55
NA
120
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F77/
60
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™ 2
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™ V
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Grin
d ing
Whe
el 9
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min
a w
ith
Cer
pass
93
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9/6
01W
3•
high
mat
eria
l rem
oval
rate
• le
ss d
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ing
cycl
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4.0
3M™
Cub
itron
™ II
V
itrifi
ed G
rindi
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Whe
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Pre
cisi
on-
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93D
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9/6
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• si
gnifi
cant
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mat
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l rem
oval
rate
• si
gnifi
cant
min
imum
bur
n ris
k•
best
impr
ovem
ent o
f cyc
letim
es•
idea
l for
big
ger m
odul
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1.25
- 6.
03M
™ V
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Grin
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Abr
al93
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80
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VPL
F68
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2WS1
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• go
od m
ater
ial r
emov
al ra
te•
low
bur
n ris
k•
best
pro
file
qual
ity•
best
sur
face
fini
sh•
best
for s
mal
l mod
ules
1.25
- 6.
03M
™ V
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ed
Grin
d ing
Whe
el 2
2VD
Abr
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80
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60
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or L
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™ 2
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™ V
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Grin
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file
qual
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sur
face
fini
sh•
idea
l for
big
ger m
odul
es•
with
3M
™ V
450
bon
d•
good
pric
e/pe
rfor
man
ce v
alue
2.0
- 8
.03M
™ V
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Grin
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Whe
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min
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ith
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pass
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3M™
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™ II
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• si
gnifi
cant
ly h
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mat
eria
l rem
oval
rate
• si
gnifi
cant
min
imum
bur
n ris
k•
best
impr
ovem
ent o
f cyc
letim
es•
idea
l for
all
mod
ule
size
s
Sing
le
Rib
Grin
d ing
win
d po
wer
gea
rs,
ship
/tra
in g
ears
, in
dust
rial g
ears
, tr
uck
gear
s,
aero
spac
e ge
ar
com
pone
nts
plan
et g
ear,
rin
g ge
ar,
helic
al g
ear,
sp
ur g
ear,
pi
nion
sha
ft,
pini
on
> 1.5
3M™
Vitr
ified
G
rind i
ng W
heel
22V
DA
bral
55N
A8
0 F
15V
PH90
2W
• un
iver
sal w
heel
for a
ll ha
rden
end
wor
kpie
ces
• go
od p
erfo
rman
ce in
Qw a
nd V
w
• re
duce
d bu
rn ri
sk•
high
sur
face
and
pro
file
finis
h
• H
oefle
r •
Gle
ason
- Pf
aute
r •
Lieb
herr
•
Nile
s
• ot
hers
> 2.
03M
™ V
itrifi
ed
Grin
d ing
Whe
el 9
2VD
3M™
Cer
amic
G
rain
93
A6
0 F
15V
PH6
01W
• hi
gh m
ater
ial r
emov
al ra
te•
high
per
form
ance
in V
w
• st
anda
rd w
heel
bef
ore
3M
™ C
ubitr
on™
II la
unch
> 2.
03M
™ C
ubitr
on™
II
Vitr
ified
Grin
ding
W
heel
92V
G
3M™
Pre
cisi
on-
Shap
ed G
rain
91D
A8
0/8
0 F
15V
PH6
01W
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eal f
or K
linge
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rg/H
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r rap
id
serie
s
> 2.
03M
™ C
ubitr
on™
II
Vitr
ified
Grin
ding
W
heel
92V
J
3M™
Pre
cisi
on-
Shap
ed G
rain
93D
A8
0/8
0 F
15V
PH6
01W
• hi
gh m
ater
ial r
emov
al ra
te•
high
per
form
ance
in V
w.
• us
able
for m
achi
nes
with
low
spi
ndle
po
wer
> 2.
03M
™ C
ubitr
on™
II
Vitr
ified
Grin
ding
W
heel
93V
L
3M™
Pre
cisi
on-
Shap
ed G
rain
99D
A54
/80
F15
VPL
F90
1W
• hi
ghes
t pro
duct
ivity
• hi
ghes
t mat
eria
l rem
oval
rate
• m
axim
um V
w
• lo
wes
t bur
n ris
c
Beve
l G
ear
Grin
ding
light
veh
icle
gea
rs,
indu
stria
l gea
rs,
truc
k ge
ars,
ae
rosp
ace
gear
pa
rts
shaf
t pin
ion,
rin
g ge
ar
3M™
Vitr
ified
G
rindi
ng W
heel
92V
D3M
™ C
eram
ic
Gra
in
93A
80
F15
VP6
01W
• un
iver
sal s
peci
ficat
ion
for p
lung
e an
d ge
nera
ting
grin
ding
• hi
gh m
ater
ial r
emov
al ra
te•
high
pro
duct
ivity
· Klin
geln
berg
· G
leas
on
3M™
Vitr
ified
G
rindi
ng W
heel
92V
D3M
™ C
eram
ic
Gra
in93
A8
0 H
12V
P60
1
• un
iver
sal s
peci
ficat
ion
for a
utom
otiv
e ap
plic
atio
ns•
high
mat
eria
l rem
oval
rate
• hi
gh p
rodu
ctiv
ity
3M™
Vitr
ified
G
rindi
ng W
heel
92V
J3M
™ P
reci
sion
- Sh
aped
Gra
in93
DA
80
/80
H12
VP6
01
• hi
ghes
t pro
duct
ivity
for a
utom
otiv
e ge
ars
• hi
ghes
t mat
eria
l rem
oval
rate
by
st
rong
ly re
duce
d dr
essi
ng in
feed
indu
stria
l gea
rs,
truc
k ge
ars,
ae
ro sp
ace
gear
co
mpo
nent
s
3M™
Vitr
ified
G
rindi
ng W
heel
93V
L3M
™ P
reci
sion
- Sh
aped
Gra
in99
DA
80
/80
H12
VP9
01
• hi
ghes
t pro
duct
ivity
for i
ndus
tria
l gea
rs•
high
est m
ater
ial r
emov
al ra
te b
y st
rong
-ly
redu
ced
dres
sing
infe
ed
solid
3M™
Vitr
ified
G
rind i
ng W
heel
93V
L3M
™ P
reci
sion
- Sh
aped
Gra
in99
DA
80
/60
K11
VP9
01
Smal
l dia
met
er g
rindi
ng w
heel
fo
r sol
id m
ater
ial
solid
3M™
Vitr
ified
G
rind i
ng W
heel
93V
L3M
™ P
reci
sion
- Sh
aped
Gra
in99
DA
120
/120
K11
VP9
01
Smal
l dia
met
er g
rindi
ng w
heel
fo
r sol
id m
ater
ial
Typical workpieces
Planet gears Bevel pinion gears
Cylindrical gears
Abrasive Systems Division 3M Center, Building 223-6N-02St. Paul, MN 55144-10001-855-809-1710www.3M.com/us/precisiongrinding
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