Appendix I / Infusion Pump Charts 395

395

From: Contemporary Cardiology: Cardiac Drug Therapy, Seventh EditionM. Gabriel Khan © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

Appendix I: Infusion Pump Charts

Dopamine Infusion Pump Chart(Dopamine 400 mg in 500 mL [800 µg/mL]a

Rate (mL/h [pump] or drops/min [microdrip])b

Dosage for different body weights (kg)

(µg/kg/min) 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

1.0 3 4 5 5 6 7 81.5 5 6 7 8 9 10 112.0 6 8 9 11 12 14 152.5 8 9 11 13 15 17 193.0 9 11 14 16 18 20 233.5 11 13 16 18 21 24 264.0 12 15 18 21 24 27 304.5 14 17 20 24 27 30 345.0 15 19 23 26 30 34 386.0 18 23 27 32 36 41 457.0 21 26 32 37 42 47 538.0 24 30 36 42 48 54 609.0 27 34 41 47 54 61 68

10.0 30 38 45 53 60 68 7512.0 36 45 54 63 72 81 9015.0 45 56 68 79 90 101 11320.0 60 75 90 105 120 135 15025.0 75 94 113 131 150 169 188

aThe above rates apply only for an 800 mg/L concentration of dopamine. If a differentconcentration must be used, appropriate adjustments in rates should be made. Start at 1 µg/kg/min; ideal dose range 5–7.5 µg/kg/min. Maximum suggested 10 µg/kg/min. Dopamineshould be given via a central line.

bUse chart for (1) pump (mL/h) or (2) microdrip (drops/min). Example: 60-kg patientat 2.0 µg/kg/min: (1) set pump at 9 mL/h; (2) run microdrip solution at 9 drops/min.

396 Cardiac Drug Therapy

Nitroprusside Infusion Pump Chart(Nitroprusside 50 mg [1 vial] in 100 mL [500 mg/mL]a

Dosage Rate (mL/h) for different body weights (kg)

(µg/kg/min) 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.2 1 1 1 2 2 2 20.5 2 3 4 4 5 5 60.8 4 5 6 7 8 9 101.0 5 6 7 8 10 11 121.2 6 7 9 10 12 13 141.5 7 9 11 13 14 16 181.8 9 11 13 15 17 19 222.0 10 12 14 17 19 22 242.2 11 13 16 18 21 24 262.5 12 15 18 21 24 27 302.8 13 17 20 23 27 30 343.0 14 18 22 25 29 32 363.2 15 19 23 27 31 35 383.5 17 21 25 29 34 38 423.8 18 23 27 32 36 41 464.0 19 24 29 34 38 43 484.5 22 27 32 38 43 49 545.0 24 30 36 42 48 54 606.0 29 36 43 50 58 65 72

a The above rates apply only for a 500 mg/L concentration of nitroprusside. If a dif-ferent concentration must be used, appropriate adjustments in rates should be made. Startat 0.2 µg/kg/min. Increase slowly. Average dose 3 µg/kg/min. Usual dose range 0.5–5.0µg/kg/min.

Continuous Infusion Heparina

Rate (mL/h) Units (/h) Units (/24 h) Volume (mL/24 h)

1. 21 840 20,1602. 25 1000 24,000

6003. 28 1120 26,8804. 30 1200 28,8005. 32 1280 30,7206. 34 1360 32,6407. 36 1440 34,5608. 38 1520 36,480 9129. 40 1600 38,400

10. 42 1680 40,32011. 44 1760 42,240

a 20,000 heparin in 500 mL 5% dextrose; 1 mL = 40 units. Start with infusion no. 1for patients < 67 kg for acute MI, and choose no. 2 for patients > 67 kg. Choose theappropriate alternative depending on the PTT value. Nos. 3 to 10 are mainly for pul-monary embolism and massive DVT.

Start with infusion no. 2 and choose the appropriate alternative depending on the once-daily PTT value.

Appendix II / Drug Index 397

397

From: Contemporary Cardiology: Cardiac Drug Therapy, Seventh EditionM. Gabriel Khan © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

Appendix II: Drug Index

The Drug Index gives the generic drug name in lowercase; the pharmaceutical trade namesbegin with a capital letter. C, Canada when different from USA; F, France; G, Germany.

USA UK Europe Japan

ACE inhibitorsbenazepril benazepril benazeprilLotensin Briem (F),

CibaceCibacinLotensine

captopril captopril captopril captoprilCapoten Capoten Captolane (F) Captopril

Lopril (F)Loprin (G)Tensobon (G)

cilazapril cilazapril cilazapril cilazaprilInhibace Vascace Dynorm (G)

enalapril enalapril enalapril enalaprilVasotec Innovace Pres (G) Renivace

Renitec (F)Xanef (G)

fosinopril fosinopril fosinopril fosinoprilMonopril Staril Dynacil (G)

Eliten (I)

lisinoporil lisinopril lisinopril lisinoprilPrinivil Carace LongesZestril Zestril Zestril (F)

moexipril moexipril moexipril

398 Cardiac Drug Therapy

USA UK Europe Japan

ACE inhibitors (continued)Univasc Perdixperindopril perindopril perindopril perindoprilCoversyl Coversyl Acertil

CoversumPexum

quinapril quinapril quinapril quinaprilAccupril Accupro Accuprin

AcuitelKorec (F)

ramipril ramipril ramipril rarniprilAltace Tritace Delix

RamaceTriatec (F)spirapril spiraprilRenpressSandopril

trandolapril trandolapril trandolapril trandolaprilMavik Gopten Gopten

Odrikzefenopril zefenopril

Angiotensin II receptor blockerscandesartan candesartan candesartanAtacand Amias

eprosartan eprosartanTeveten

irbesartan irbesartanAvapro Aprovel

losartan losartan losartan losartanCozaar Cozaar Cozaar

olmesartan olmesartan olmesartanBenicar

telmisartan telmisartan telmisartan telmisartanMicardis

valsartan valsartan valsartan valsartanDiovan Diovan Diovan

Appendix II / Drug Index 399

USA UK Europe Japan

Antiarrhythmicsadenosine adenosine adenosine adenosineAdenocard Adenocor

amiodarone amiodarone amiodarone amiodaroneCordarone Cordarone X

disopyramide disopyramide disopyramide disopyramideNorspace Dirythmin SARythmodan Rythmodan

flecainide flecainide flecainide flecainideTambocor Tambocor

mexiletine mexiletine mexiletine mexiletineMexitil Mexitil

procainamide procainamide procainamide procainamidePronestyl Pronestyl

propafenone propafenone propafenone propafenoneRythmol Arythmol Rytmonorm

quinidine quinidine quinidine quinidine

sotalol sotalol sotalol sotalolBetapace Beta-cardone SotacorSotacor Sotacor

Anticoagulantsdalteparin dalteparin dalteparinFragmin

enoxaparin enoxaparin enoxaparin enoxaparinLovenox Clexane

warfarin warfarin warfarin warfarinCoumadin Marevan

Antiplatelet agentsabciximab abciximabReoPro ReoPro

aspirin aspirin aspirin aspirin

clopidogrelPlavix (continued)

400 Cardiac Drug Therapy

USA UK Europe Japan

Antiplatelet agents (continued)dipyridamole dipyridamole dipyridamole dipyridamole

Persantine Persantine PersantinePersantin CardoxinRetard

ebtifibatideIntegrilin

tirofibanAggrastat

Beta-blockersacebutolol acebutolol acebutolol acebutololSectral Sectral PrentMonitan Neptall

Sectral

atenolol atenolol atenolol atenololTenormin Tenormin Tenormine (F)

TenorminBêtatop

betaxolol betaxolol betaxolol betaxololKerlone Kerlone Kerlone

bisoprolol bisoprolol bisoprolol bisoprololZebeta Emcor(Ziac) Monocor

carteolol carteolol carteololCatrol

carvedilol carvedilol carvedilolCoreg Eucardic

celiprolol celiprolol celiprololCelectol Celector

Celectol (F)

esmolol esmolol esmololBrevibloc Brevibloc Brevibloc

labetalol labetalol labetalol labetalolNormodyne Trandate Trandate Trandate

metoprolol metoprolol metoprolol metoprololBetaloc Betaloc

Appendix II / Drug Index 401

USA UK Europe Japan

Beta-blockers (continued)Lopressor Lopressor LopressorToprol XL Metohexal

Séloken

nadolol nadolol nadolol nadololCorgard Corgard Corgard

Solgol (G)

nebivolol nebivolol nebivolol nebivololNebilit Nebilit Nebilit

propranolol propranolol propranolol propranololInderal Inderal Angilol

Inderal-LA Avolacardyl (F)BerkololDociton (G)Efektolol

sotalol sotalol sotalol sotalolSotacor Sotacor Sotacor

Betapace Beta-Cardone Sotalex (G)Sotalex (F)

timolol timolol timolol timololBlocadren Blocadren Timacor (F)

Betim Temserin

Calcium antagonistsamlodipine amlodipine amlodipine amlodipineNorvasc Istin Amlor (F)

Norvasc

diltiazem diltiazem diltiazem diltiazemCardizem CD Adizem XL Dilrene (F)Tiazac Tildiem LA Dilzem

Viazem XL Herbesser

felodipine felodipine felodipine felodipinePlendil Plendil Flodil (F)Renedil

isradipine isradipine isradipine

(continued)

402 Cardiac Drug Therapy

USA UK Europe Japan

Calcium antagonists (continued)DynaCirc Prescal Flodil (F)

lacidipine lacidipine lacidipineMontens

nicardipine nicardipine nicardipineCardene CardeneCardene SR Cardene SR

nifedipine nifedipine nifedipine nifedipine

Adalat CC Adalat LA AdalatAdalat XL (C) Nifensar XLProcardia XL

nisoldipine nisoldipine nisoldipineSular Syscor Baymycard

nitrendipineBaypress

verapamil verapamil verapamil verapamilIsoptin SR Securon SR IsoptinCalan SR Univer IsoptineCovera-HS Cordilox ArpamylChronovera (C)

Digitalisdigitoxin digitoxin digitoxin digitoxindigoxin digoxin digoxin digoxinLanoxin Lanoxin Lanoxin

LanoxineDiureticsbendrofluazide bendrofluazide bendrofluazideNaturetin Aprinox

Neo-Naclex

bumetanide bumetanide bumetanide bumetanideBumex BurinexBurinex

chlorothiazide chlorothiazide chlorothiazideDiuril Saluric Saluric

chlorthalidone chlorthalidone chlorthalidone chlorthalidoneHygroton Hygroton Hygroton

Cyclopentazide CyclopentazideNavidrex Navidrex

Appendix II / Drug Index 403

USA UK Europe Japan

Diuretics (continued)furosemide frusemide frusemide furosemideLasix Lasixhydrochlorothiazide hydrochlorothiazide hydrochlorothiazide hydrochlorothiazide

Esidrix EsidrexHydro Diuril Hydro Saluric

indapamide indapamide indapamide indapamideLozol Natramid NatrillixLozide (C) Natrilix

metolazone metolazone metolazoneZaroxolyn Metenix Diulo

spironolactone spironolactoneAldactone Aldactone

torsemide torasemideDemadex Torem

Combination drugshydrochlorothiazide co-amilozide hydrochlorothiazide

plus amiloride Amil-Co plus amilorideModuretic Moduret 25Moduret (C) Moduretic

hydrochlorothizide hydrochlorothizide hydrochlorothizideplus triamterene plus triamterene plus triamterene

Dyazide Dyazide

Lipid-lowering agentsStatinsatrovastatin atrovastatin atrovastatin atrovastatinLipitor Lipitor

fluvastatin fluvastatin fluvastatin fluvastatinLescol Lescol Lipur (F)

lovastatinMevacor

pravastatin pravastatin pravastatin pravastatinPravachol Lipostat Elisor Vasten

rosuvastatin rosuvastatin rosuvastatin rosuvastatinCrestor Crestor Cresto

(continued)

404 Cardiac Drug Therapy

USA UK Europe Japan

Lipid-lowering agents (continued)Statinssimvastatin simvastatin simvastatin simvastatinZocor Zocor Zocor

LodalesResinscholestyramine cholestyramine cholestyramine cholestyrarnineQuestran Questran Questran

Questran Light Cuemrid

colestipol colestipol colestipolColestid Colestid

Fibratesbezafibrate bezafibrate bezafibrate bezafibrateBezalip BezalipBezalip Mono Bezalip Mono

fenofibrate fenofibrate fenofibrate fenofibrateLipidil Lipantil Micro

gemfibrozil gemfibrozil gemfibrozil gemfibrozilLopid Lopid Lopid

Lipur (E)

Nitratesisosorbide dinitrate isosorbide dinitrate isosorbide dinitrate isosorbide dinitrateIsordil Cedocard Retard

IsocardIsordilSorbid SASorbitrate

isosorbide isosorbide isosorbide isosorbidemononitrate mononitrate mononitrate mononitrate

Imdur Imdur

nitroglycerin nitroglycerine nitroglycerine nitroglycerinnitroglycerin glyceryl trinitrateNitrolingual spray Nitrolingual spray

Coro-nitrospray

Index 405

INDEX

405

A

Abciximab,dosing, 339indications, 339, 340properties, 338trade names, 399

Abciximab, unstable angina management,174

Acebutolol,dosing, 8mortality reduction studies, 4overview, 23pharmacologic properties, 10trade names, 400

ACE inhibitors, see Angiotensin-convertingenzyme inhibitors

Acetazolamide,overview, 94trade names and dosing, 86

ACUITY, findings, 383, 384Acute coronary syndrome, see Unstable

anginaAdenosine,

atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardiamanagement, 254

contraindications, 254dosing, 254drug interactions, 365lactation safety, 358pregnancy and drug safety, 356trade names, 399

-Adrenergic receptors,classification, 4–6tissue distribution, 4–6

AF, see Atrial fibrillationAFFIRM, findings, 389African Americans,

heart failure studies, 245, 246hypertension drug selection, 147–154

A-HeFT, findings, 386Albuterol, cardiac effects, 376Aldactazide, formulation and dosing, 93Aldactide, formulation and dosing, 93Aldosterone antagonists,

hallmark clinical trials, 385, 386heart failure management, 98, 99, 222,

223, 245ALLHAT, findings, 386, 387Alpha1-blockers,

contraindications, 127hypertension management, 126, 127

Amiloride, trade names and dosing, 86Aminophylline, pulmonary edema

management, 237Amiodarone,

action, 277adverse effects, 278–280atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

management, 258cardiac arrest management, 291, 292dosing, 277drug interactions, 279, 365, 366indications, 278lactation safety, 358overview, 277pharmacokinetics, 277, 278pregnancy and drug safety, 356trade names, 399

Amlodipine,angina management, 163combination therapy, 77heart failure management, 221hypertension management, 124overview, 73trade names, 401unstable angina management, 172

Amphotericin B, fungal endocarditismanagement, 304

406 Index

Aneurysm,beta-blocker management of dissecting

aneurysm, 18, 19hypertension management, 113

Angina pectoris,aspirin therapy, 168, 169beta-blocker therapy,

comparison with calcium channelblockers and oral nitrates, 3, 15, 16

contraindications, 163dosing for cardioprotection, 162, 163first-line treatment, 2, 3, 160–162indications, 16unstable angina, 171

calcium channel blocker management, 76,77, 163, 164, 172

clinical features, 159controversies, 177–179hypertension management, 113nitrates in management, 164–168pathophysiology, 159, 160Prinzmetal’s angina, see Variant anginatreatment algorithm, 162unstable angina, see Unstable angina

Angioedema, angiotensin blockadecomplication, 52, 146, 147

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), seealso specific drugs,

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorcomparison trials, 58, 59, 63

combination therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 64, 65

contraindications, 50, 51controversies, 63–65dosing, 45heart failure management, 48, 49, 65,

218–221, 244, 245hypertension management,

action, 121adverse effects, 121contraindications, 122overview, 47, 48specific drugs, 122, 123

indications, 47–50mechanism of action, 58mortality reduction, 43pharmacology, 45trade names, 398

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors, see also specific drugs,

adverse effects, 51–53, 146, 147

angiotensin-receptor blocker comparisontrials, 58, 59, 63

classes, 43combination therapy with angiotensin

receptor blockers, 64, 65comparison with other vasodilators, 46, 47contraindications, 50, 51controversies, 63–65digoxin combination therapy, 227, 228dosing, 44drug interactions, 53, 364, 365gene polymorphisms, 46heart failure management, 48, 49, 65,

218–221, 244, 245hypertension management,

action, 121adverse effects, 121contraindications, 122overview, 47, 48specific drugs, 122, 123

indications, 47–50lactation safety, 358mechanism of action, 43, 45, 46mortality reduction, 43myocardial infarction management, 195pharmacology, 44, 53pregnancy use for hypertension, 354, 356trade names, 397, 398

Antibiotics,cardiac effects, 375drug interactions, 372infective endocarditis management,

drug selection guidelines, 299, 300enterococcal endocarditis, 302miscellaneous bacteria, 302, 303prophylaxis, 305, 306right-sided endocarditis, 303, 304Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis,

native valve, 301overview, 300, 301prosthetic valve, 301

Streptococcus viridans and S. bovisendocarditis,

native valve, 301prosthetic valve, 301, 302

unstable angina management, 174Anticoagulants, see Heparin; WarfarinAntihistamines,

cardiac effects, 376drug interactions, 372

Antiplatelet agents, see also specific drugs,

Index 407

drug interactions, 368efficacy, 332indications, 331mechanism of action, 331, 332trade names, 399, 400

APCs, see Atrial premature contractionsARBs, see Angiotensin receptor blockersArrhythmias, see also specific arrhythmias

and drugs,beta-blocker management, 16, 17diagnosis,

narrow QRS complex arrhythmias, 251wide QRS complex arrhythmias, 251–253

drugs,classification of antiarrhythmic drugs,

250, 251hallmark clinical trials, 389trade names, 399

hypertension management, 113myocardial infarction association and

management, 197, 198pregnancy and drug safety, 356, 357rational therapy factors, 249

Aspirin,actions, 334, 335angina management, 168, 169, 172atrial fibrillation management, 262, 263dosing, 335drug interactions, 368hallmark clinical trials, 390, 391historical review, 332–334indications, 333, 334lactation safety, 359myocardial infarction management, 185overview, 332unstable angina management, 172

ASTEROID, findings, 387, 388Asystole, see Cardiac arrestAtenolol,

cardiovascular protection studies, 139, 140dosing, 7, 8hypertension management, 116overview, 24pharmacologic properties, 10pregnancy use for hypertension, 351selection guidelines, 31trade names, 400

Atorvastatin,dosing, 314drug interactions, 314dyslipidemia management, 314

hallmark clinical trials, 387trade names, 403

Atrial fibrillation (AF),hallmark clinical trials, 389treatment,

anticoagulation, 262, 263cardioversion, 261, 262chronic atrial fibrillation, 261paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 261rate control versus rhythm control, 262recent onset, 260, 261

ventricular response, 260Atrial flutter, management, 259Atrial premature contractions (APCs),

management, 258, 259Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

(AVNRT),chronic management, 257, 258clinical features, 253termination of acute arrhythmia,

drugs, 254—257physical maneuvers, 253

Atropine,arrhythmia management following

myocardial infarction, 197, 198indications, 293overview, 293

AVNRT, see Atrioventricular nodal reentranttachycardia

Azimilide, atrial fibrillation management,261

B

Bartter’s syndrome, angiotensin blockademanagement, 50

Benazepril,dosing, 44, 123overview, 56pharmacology, 44trade names, 397

Bendrofluazide,overview, 119trade names and dosing, 86

Bendroflumethiazide, trade names and dosing,86, 402

Benzthiazide, trade names and dosing, 86Beta-blockers, see also specific drugs,

acute myocardial infarction,controversies, 40, 41management, 17, 18, 187, 194, 195

angina management,

408 Index

comparison with calcium channelblockers and oral nitrates, 3, 15, 16

contraindications, 163dosing for cardioprotection, 162, 163first-line treatment, 2, 3, 160—162indications, 16unstable angina, 171

antiarrhythmic activity, 275controversies,

diabetes, 38–40, 141–146hypertension, 37, 38, 137–139myocardial infarction, 40, 41

dosing, 7, 8drug interactions, 23, 368, 369efficacy in coronary heart disease, 2features of specific drugs, 23–31glucose intolerance induction studies, 38–40,

141–145, 389, 390heart failure,

management, 18, 223–225risks, 146

hypertension,controversies,

elderly, 38first-line management, 37, 38

management,action, 115dosing, 115overview, 17specific drugs, 116, 117

indications, 16–22lactation safety, 359mechanism of action, 6, 7mortality reduction studies, 2, 4pharmacological properties,

blood flow effects, 13blood lipid effects, 2, 13cardioselectivity, 8–11intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, 11lipid solubility, 12liver metabolism, 12, 13membrane-stabilizing activity, 12plasma volume effects, 12potassium effects, 13renin interactions, 12

pregnancy use,arrhythmias, 356, 357heart failure, 355hypertension, 351–353

receptors, see -Adrenergic receptorssalutary effects, 2, 3, 13–15selection guidelines, 31, 32

side effects, 22, 23trade names, 400, 401ventricular tachycardia management, 266warnings and contraindications, 20, 22

Betaxolol, trade names, 400Bezafibrate,

dyslipidemia management, 318trade names, 404

Bicarbonate,adverse effects, 292, 293overview, 292

Bisoprolol,dosing, 8heart failure management, 225hypertension management, 116, 117overview, 24, 25perioperative protection, 25pharmacologic properties, 10selection guidelines, 31, 32trade names, 400

Bivalirudin,hallmark clinical trials, 384, 385overview, 344

BNP, see B-type natriuretic peptideBronchospasm, beta-blocker precautions, 8, 9B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), heart failure

diagnosis, 246Bumetamide,

heart failure management, 221overview, 90trade names and dosing, 86, 402

C

Calcium channel blockers, see also specificdrugs,

adverse effects, 2, 4angina management, 76, 77, 163, 164, 172angina pectoris first-line treatment trials

versus beta-blockers, 3, 15, 16channels,

beta-blocker interactions, 7types, 7, 68

combination therapy, 77, 79controversies,

heart failure, 81, 82hypertension with coronary heart disease,

82, 83drug interactions, 369, 370hemodynamic and electrophysiologic

effects, 68, 69hypertension management, 124–126indications, 75–78

Index 409

lactation safety, 359mechanism of action, 67, 68pregnancy use for hypertension, 354selection guidelines, 75, 77trade names, 401, 402

Calcium chloride, cardiac arrest management,294

Candesartan,dosing, 45, 123hallmark clinical trials, 386overview, 59pharmacology, 45trade names, 398

Capozide, hypertension management, 124CAPRICORN, findings, 385Captopril,

dosing, 44, 54, 123drug interactions, 53heart failure management, 220hypertension management,

dosing, 122overview, 122

overview, 54pharmacology, 44, 54trade names, 397

Cardiac arrest,drug therapy, 290—294life-saving procedures,

breathing, 288cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines,

286circulation, 287, 288defibrillation, 289, 290oxygen therapy, 289precordial thump technique, 288, 289responsiveness checking, 286

pathophysiology, 285, 286Cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarction

association and management, 202–204Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR),

guidelines, 286Cardioversion, atrial fibrillation management,

261, 262Carotid sinus massage, arrhythmia termination,

253Carteolol, trade names, 400Carvedilol,

dosing, 8, 26hallmark clinical trials, 385heart failure management, 224hypertension management, 117indications, 26, 27

overview, 25, 26pharmacologic properties, 10, 26selection guidelines, 31, 32trade names, 400

CETi-1, cholesterol ester transfer proteinvaccine, 328

CETP, see Cholesterol ester transfer proteinCHARISMA, 391CHARM, findings, 386Chloroquine, cardiac effects, 376Chlorothiazide, trade names and dosing, 86, 402Chlorthalidone, trade names and dosing, 86, 402Cholesterol,

absorption inhibitors, 316, 372dyslipidemia, see Dyslipidemia

Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP),CETi-1 vaccine, 328

Cholestyramine,drug interactions, 372dyslipidemia management, 316trade names, 404

Cilazapril,dosing, 44, 123overview, 56pharmacology, 44trade names, 397

Cimetidine, drug interactions, 372, 373Cisapride, drug interactions, 377Cisplatin, cardiac effects, 377Clonidine, hypertension management, 125, 126Clopidogrel,

angina management,stable angina, 169unstable angina management, 172variant angina management, 177

aspirin combination therapy, 177, 178clinical trials, 336, 337drug interactions, 368hallmark clinical trials, 336, 337, 390, 391non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

management, 205, 206overview, 336trade names, 399

Coarctation of the aorta, angiotensin blockademanagement, 50

Colestipol,dyslipidemia management, 316trade names, 404

COMMIT, findings, 390COMMIT/CCS-2, findings, 391COPERNICUS, findings, 385Corticosteroids, cardiac effects, 376

410 Index

Cough, angiotensin blockade complication, 51CPR, see Cardiopulmonary resuscitationCyclopenthiazide, trade names and dosing, 86Cyclophosphamide, cardiac effects, 377Cyclosporin, drug interactions, 373Cyclothiazide, trade names and dosing, 86

D

Dalteparin, trade names, 399Defibrillation, cardiac arrest, 289, 290Depression, hypertension management, 115Diabetes,

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorprotection studies, 64

beta-blockers,glucose intolerance induction studies,

38–40, 141–145, 389, 390management, 20

diuretics and glucose intolerance inductionstudies, 141–146

hypertension management, 113percutaneous coronary intervention, 176

Diamorphine, myocardial infarctionmanagement, 187

Diastolic heart failure, heart failure pre-served ejection fraction management,241–244

Diazoxide, hypertensive emergencymanagement, 132

Diet, see Lifestyle modificationDigoxin,

angiotensin-converting enzyme combinationtherapy, 227, 228

atrial fibrillation management, 261, 262atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

management, 257CHARM-Preserved study, 244dosing, 228, 229drug interactions, 230, 370heart failure preserved ejection fraction

management, 243, 244herb interactions, 378indications, 225, 226lactation safety, 359, 360mechanism of action, 228monitoring, 229, 230overview, 225pregnancy use for heart failure, 355study analysis, 226, 227toxicity,

management, 231, 232symptoms, 230, 231

trade names, 402Diltiazem,

action, 72, 73adverse effects, 73angina management, 164atrial fibrillation management, 260atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

management, 257drug interactions, 73hypertension management, 125overview, 72trade names, 401

Dipyridamole,action, 269adverse effects, 269, 270dosing, 269drug interactions, 335, 366indications, 269, 335, 336lactation safety, 360overview, 269, 335pharmacokinetics, 269pregnancy and drug safety, 357trade names, 399, 400

Diuretics, see also specific drugs,dosing, 86drug interactions, 370, 371glucose intolerance induction studies,

141–146heart failure,

management, 221risks, 146

hypertension management, 117–120indications, 85lactation safety, 360loop diuretics,

action, 88adverse effects, 89contraindications, 89dosing, 87, 88drug interactions, 89, 90examples, 90, 91intravenous indications, 88, 89mechanism of action, 87pharmacokinetics, 88selection guidelines, 98, 99

monitoring, 85, 87potassium-sparing diuretics,

advantages, 92, 93combination therapy, 93, 94contraindications, 92disadvantages, 93indications, 91, 92

Index 411

mechanism of action, 91warnings, 92, 94

potassium supplements, 95–98pregnancy use for heart failure, 355, 356thiazide diuretics and pregnancy use for

hypertension, 353trade names, 86, 402, 403

Divistyramine, dyslipidemia management, 316Dobutamine,

cardiogenic shock management, 203, 204heart failure management, 199, 200, 233infusion pump chart, 200

Dofetilide, atrial fibrillation management,260, 61

Dopamine,cardiogenic shock management, 203, 204heart failure management following

myocardial infarction, 199infusion pump chart, 201, 395

Doxazosin, warnings, 133Doxorubicin, cardiac effects, 377Drug interactions, see also specific drugs,

pharmacodynamic interactions, 363Dyazide,

formulation and dosing, 93hypertension management, 119, 120

Dyslipidemia, see also Statins,beta-blockers and blood lipid effects, 2, 13diagnosis, 308diet modification, 309–311drug therapy,

cholesterol absorption inhibitors, 316combination therapy, 315fibrates, 317, 318guidelines, 308, 311, 318, 320nicotinic acid, 316, 317statins, 311–315, 319

hypertension management, 114lipoproteins,

conversion calculations, 308goals, 307, 308

secondary causes, 308, 309Dytide, formulation and dosing, 93

E

Ebtifibatide, trade names, 400Enalapril,

dosing, 44, 55, 123heart failure management, 220hypertension management,

dosing, 123, 124overview, 123

overview, 55pharmacology, 44, 55trade names, 397

Enalaprilat, hypertensive emergencymanagement, 129, 133

Endocarditis, see Infective endocarditisEndothelin-1, beta blocker effects on levels, 6Enoxaparin,

adverse effects, 344hallmark clinical trials, 381—383monitoring, 344myocardial infarction management, 193overview, 343trade names, 399

Enterococcal endocarditis, see Infectiveendocarditis

EPHESUS, findings, 385, 386Epinephrine,

dosing, 291, 292indications, 292overview, 291

Eplerenone,hallmark clinical trials, 385, 386heart failure management, 222, 223hypertension management, 120indications, 99

Eprosartan,dosing in hypertension, 123overview, 60trade names, 398

Eptifibatide,dosing, 340indications, 340non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

management, 205properties, 338unstable angina management, 174

Ergotamine, cardiac effects, 376Erythromycin, cardiac effects, 375Esmolol,

action, 27atrial fibrillation management, 260dosing, 27hypertensive emergency management, 129indications and contraindications, 27overview, 27trade names, 400

Ethacrynic acid,overview, 90trade names and dosing, 86

ExTRACT-TIMI 25, findings, 382, 383Ezetimibe, dyslipidemia management, 316, 320

412 Index

F

Felodipine,hypertension management, 125overview, 74trade names, 401

Fenofibrate,dyslipidemia management, 318, 327, 328trade names, 404

Fenoldopam, hypertensive emergencymanagement,

action, 131indications, 129

Fibrates,dyslipidemia management, 317, 318prospects in cardiovascular disease

management, 327, 328trade names, 404

Flecainide,action, 274adverse effects, 274atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

management, 258dosing, 273drug interactions, 366overview, 273pharmacokinetics, 274trade names, 399

5-Fluorouracil, cardiac effects, 377Fluvastatin, trade names, 403Folic acid, homocysteine lowering trials,

391, 392Fondaparinux,

hallmark clinical trials, 381, 382myocardial infarction management, 193, 194overview, 345

Foscarnet, cardiac effects, 376Fosinopril,

dosing, 44, 56, 123overview, 56pharmacology, 44trade names, 397

Frumil, formulation and dosing, 93Frusemide, see FurosemideFrusine, formulation and dosing, 93Furosemide,

action, 88adverse effects, 89contraindications, 89dosing, 86–88drug interactions, 89, 90heart failure management, 198, 199, 221

hypertension management, 120intravenous indications, 88, 89overview, 87pharmacokinetics, 88pulmonary edema management, 236trade names, 403

G

Gatifloxacin, unstable angina management,174

Gemfibrozil,adverse effects, 317, 318overview, 317trade names, 404

GEMINI, findings, 389, 390Gentamicin, right-sided endocarditis

management, 303, 304Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers, see

also specific drugs,mechanism of action, 337, 339types and properties, 338unstable angina management, 173, 174

Gout, hypertension management, 115Grapefruit juice, drug interactions, 378

H

Halofantrine,cardiac effects, 375drug interactions, 372

Heart failure,aldosterone antagonist therapy, 98, 99,

222, 223, 245angiotensin blockade in management, 48,

49, 65, 218–221, 244, 245antihypertensive association studies, 146beta-blocker therapy, 18, 223–225black patients, 245, 246calcium channel blocker management, 81, 82diagnosis, 214–216digoxin therapy,

angiotensin-converting enzymecombination therapy, 227, 228

dosing, 228, 229drug interactions, 230indications, 225, 226mechanism of action, 228monitoring, 229, 230study analysis, 226, 227toxicity,

management, 231, 232symptoms, 230, 231

diuretic therapy, 221

Index 413

dobutamine therapy, 233epidemiology, 211etiology, 211–213guidelines for management, 217, 218hallmark clinical trials, 385, 386heart failure preserved ejection fraction

management, 241–243hypertension management, 114infective endocarditis, 305myocardial infarction association and

management, 198–201, 219, 220natriuretic peptides in diagnosis, 246nesiritide, 246pathophysiology, 216, 217precipitating factors, 213, 214, 217pulmonary edema management, 236, 237statin therapy, 247, 327treatment guidelines by stage, 233–235

Heparin,action, 343adverse effects, 343hallmark clinical trials, 382–384infusion pump chart, 396low-molecular-weight heparin, 343, 344myocardial infarction management, 193, 194thrombolytic therapy adjunct, 191unstable angina management, 172, 173

Hirudin, overview, 344, 345HOPE, findings, 386HOPE-2, findings, 391, 392Hydralazine,

hallmark clinical trials, 386heart failure management, 47, 221hypertensive emergency management,

dosing, 132indications, 129

pregnancy use for hypertension,adverse effects, 353dosing, 353hypertensive emergencies, 353overview, 352, 353

Hydrochlorothiazide,hypertension management,

action, 117adverse effects, 117–119

trade names and dosing, 86, 117, 403Hydroflumethiazide, trade names and dosing,

86Hypertension,

age and ethnicity in drug selection, 147–154alpha1-blocker management, 126, 127

angiotensin blockade therapy,action, 121adverse effects, 121contraindications, 122overview, 47, 48specific drugs, 122, 123

beta-blockers,controversies,

elderly, 38first-line management, 37, 38, 137–139

management,action, 115dosing, 115overview, 17specific drugs, 116, 117

blood pressure classification, 105, 106calcium channel blocker management, 82,

83, 124–126centrally acting drug management, 125, 126clinical trial design, 154detrimental effects, 104diuretic management, 117–120drug selection,

comorbid conditions, 113–115older patients, 109–113younger patients, 107–109

emergency management, 127–129epidemiology, 103hallmark clinical trials, 386, 387isolated systolic hypertension, 105laboratory work-up, 107lifestyle modification in management, 106pharmacotherapy limitations, 103pregnant patient management, 115, 349–355risk stratification, 104, 105secondary hypertension causes, 106, 107urgency management, 129

Hyperthyroidism, hypertension management,115

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, beta-blockermanagement, 19

Hypoglycemia, beta-blocker precautions, 11Hyzaar, hypertension management, 124

I

Ibutilide, atrial fibrillation management, 260IE, see Infective endocarditisIndapamide, trade names and dosing, 86, 403Infective endocarditis (IE),

antibiotic therapy,drug selection guidelines, 299, 300

414 Index

enterococcal endocarditis, 302miscellaneous bacteria, 302, 303prophylaxis, 305, 306right-sided endocarditis, 303, 304Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis,

native valve, 301overview, 300, 301prosthetic valve, 301

Streptococcus viridans and S. bovisendocarditis,

native valve, 301prosthetic valve, 301, 302

anticoagulant therapy, 304blood culture for organism identification,

298, 299classification, 297diagnosis, 297, 298etiology, 297fungal endocarditis management, 304precipitating factors, 298surgery indications, 298, 304, 305

Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA),beta-blockers, 11

Irbesartan,dosing, 45, 123overview, 59pharmacology, 45trade names, 398

ISA, see Intrinsic sympathomimetic activityIsosorbide dinitrate,

angina management, 166, 167hallmark clinical trials, 386trade names, 404

Israpidine,overview, 73trade names, 401, 402

LLabetalol,

hypertensive emergency management,dosing, 131, 132indications, 129

overview, 27, 28pregnancy use for hypertension, 352trade names, 400

Lactation,cardiac drug safety, 357–360drug excretion factors, 357, 358

Lamifiban,properties, 338unstable angina management, 174

Lidocaine,action, 271

adverse effects, 272arrhythmia management following

myocardial infarction, 197, 198cardiac arrest management, 291, 293dosing, 271, 293drug interactions, 366, 367indications, 271, 272lactation safety, 360overview, 271pharmacokinetics, 271pregnancy and drug safety, 357ventricular tachycardia management, 266

Lifestyle modification,dyslipidemia and diet, 309–311hypertension management, 106

LIPID, findings, 389Lisinopril,

dosing, 44, 56, 123heart failure management, 220, 221overview, 55pharmacology, 44, 56trade names, 397

Lithium, drug interactions, 373Long QT syndromes, beta-blocker management,

18Loop diuretics, see Diuretics; specific drugsLosartan,

dosing, 45, 123overview, 59pharmacology, 45trade names, 398

Lovastatin,dosing, 313dyslipidemia management, 313trade names, 403

M

Magnesium,cardiac arrest management, 291, 294myocardial infarction management, 196, 197pregnancy use for hypertension, 354, 355torsades de pointes management, 267, 268

Marfan’s syndrome, beta-blocker management,19

Maxzide, formulation and dosing, 93Mefloquine, drug interactions, 372Membrane-stabilizing activity (MSA), beta-

blockers, 12Meperidine, myocardial infarction management,

187MERIT-HF, findings, 385Methylclothiazide, trade names and dosing, 86

Index 415

Methyldopa,hypertension management, 126lactation safety, 360pregnancy use for hypertension, 350

Metoclopramide, cardiac effects, 376Metolazone,

heart failure management, 221overview, 94trade names and dosing, 86, 403

Metoprolol,angina management, 162dosing, 8hallmark clinical trials, 385hallmark clinical trials, 391heart failure management, 224, 225hypertension management, 116mortality reduction studies, 4overview, 28pharmacologic properties, 10pregnancy use for hypertension, 351selection guidelines, 31, 32trade names, 400, 401

Mexiletine,action, 272adverse effects, 272, 273dosing, 272drug interactions, 367lactation safety, 360overview, 272pharmacokinetics, 272trade names, 399

MI, see Myocardial infarctionMibefradil, withdrawal from market, 67, 74Mitral regurgitation, beta-blocker management,

19Mitral stenosis, beta-blocker management, 19Mitral valve prolapse,

beta-blocker management, 19hypertension management, 115

Moduretic,formulation and dosing, 93, 120hypertension management, 120

Moexipril, trade names, 397, 398Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, drug

interactions, 374Morphine,

myocardial infarction management, 186, 187pulmonary edema management, 236unstable angina management, 170

MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study, findings,388

MSA, see Membrane-stabilizing activity

Müller maneuver, arrhythmia termination,253

Multifocal atrial tachycardia, management,258

Myocardial infarction (MI),angiotensin blockade in management, 49,

50, 195aspirin therapy, 185beta-blockers and acute myocardial infarction,

controversies, 40, 41management, 17, 18, 187, 194, 195

complications and management,arrhythmias, 197, 198cardiogenic shock, 202–204heart failure, 198–201right ventricular infarction, 201, 202

diagnosis, 183genetics, 183, 184guideline changes, 206, 207heparin therapy, 191, 193, 194infarct size-limiting interventions, 188magnesium therapy, 196, 197monitoring, 187, 188nitrate therapy, 195, 196non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

management, 204–206oxygen therapy, 187pain management, 186, 187percutaneous coronary intervention, 186,

188, 189statin therapy, 196thrombolytic therapy, 186, 189–191

Myocardial ischemia, see Angina pectoris

N

Nadolol,dosing, 7, 8, 28, 29overview, 28pharmacologic properties, 10trade names, 401

Nebivolol, overview, 31Nesiritide, heart failure management studies,

246Neurocardiogenic syncope, beta-blocker

management, 20Neutropenia, angiotensin blockade

complication, 52, 59Niacin, see Nicotinic acidNicardipine,

hypertensive emergency management, 129overview, 74trade names, 402

416 Index

Nicorandil, angina management, 178, 179Nicotinic acid,

adverse effects, 317dosing, 316, 317

Nifedipine,action, 69adverse effects, 69–71drug interactions, 71hypertension management, 124overview, 69pregnancy use for hypertension, 354trade names, 402

Nimodipine,dosing, 74hypertensive emergency management,

129, 133overview, 74

Nisoldipine,overview, 74trade names, 402

Nitrates, see also specific drugs,action, 164angina management,

cutaneous nitroglycerin, 165, 166intravenous nitroglycerin, 167, 168isosorbide dinitrate, 166, 167oral nitroglycerin, 164

angina pectoris first-line treatment trialsversus beta-blockers, 3, 15, 16

calcium channel blocker combinationtherapy, 79

drug interactions, 371myocardial infarction management, 195, 196tolerance, 166trade names, 404types and trade names, 165unstable angina management, 171

Nitroglycerin,action, 164cutaneous nitroglycerin, 165, 166dosing, 164heart failure management, 47hypertensive emergency management, 129intravenous nitroglycerin, 167, 168overview, 164pulmonary edema management, 236trade names, 404

Nitroprusside,heart failure management following

myocardial infarction, 199hypertensive emergency management,

action and metabolism, 130

adverse effects, 130, 131contraindications, 130dosing, 130indications, 129

infusion pump chart, 202, 396Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

(NSAIDs), drug interactions, 373NSAIDs, see Nonsteroidal anti-inflamma-

tory drugs

O

OASIS-5, findings, 381, 382OASIS-6, findings, 382Olmesartan, trade names, 398Organophosphates, cardiac effects, 376Osteoporosis, hypertension management, 115Oxprenolol,

smoking effects, 112trade names, 401

Oxygen therapy,cardiac arrest, 289heart failure management following

myocardial infarction, 199myocardial infarction management, 187

P

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT), man-agement, 258

PAT, see Paroxysmal atrial tachycardiaPCI, see Percutaneous coronary interventionPCI-CLARITY, findings, 390Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),

beta-blocker management, 18myocardial infarction management, 186,

188, 189non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

management, 205, 206Perindopril,

dosing, 44, 123overview, 57pharmacology, 44trade names, 398

Peripheral vascular disease,beta-blocker precautions, 9hypertension management, 115

Phenothiazines, drug interactions, 373Phenoxybenzamine, hypertension management,

127Phentolamine, hypertension management,

127Phenylephrine, atrioventricular nodal reentrant

tachycardia management, 257

Index 417

Phenytoin,action, 273adverse effects, 273dosing, 273drug interactions, 367indications, 273overview, 273pharmacokinetics, 273pregnancy and drug safety, 357

Piretanide, trade names and dosing, 86Plasma volume, beta-blocker effects, 12Polythiazide, trade names and dosing, 86Potassium,

angiotensin blockade and hyperkalemiacomplication, 51

beta-blocker effects, 13intravenous potassium chloride guidelines,

96, 97supplementation in diuretic patients,

monitoring, 96, 98potassium chloride, 95, 96salt substitutes, 96

Potassium-sparing diuretics, see Diuretics;specific drugs

Pravastatin,dosing, 313dyslipidemia management, 313, 314hallmark clinical trials, 389trade names, 403

Prazosin, heart failure management, 47Precordial thump, technique, 288, 289Pregnancy,

arrhythmia management, 356, 357cardiovascular drug guidelines, 349heart failure management, 355, 356hypertension management, 115, 349–355

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs),management, 264

Prinzmetal’s angina, see Variant anginaProcainamide,

action, 270adverse effects, 270cardiac arrest management, 291dosing, 270drug interactions, 367indications, 270overview, 270pharmacokinetics, 270trade names, 399

Propafenone,action, 274adverse effects, 275

contraindications, 275dosing, 274drug interactions, 367overview, 274pharmacokinetics, 274, 275trade names, 399

Propranolol,angina management, 162atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

management, 257cardiac arrest management, 294dosing, 7, 8indications, 29mortality reduction studies, 4overview, 29pharmacologic properties, 10smoking effects, 112trade names, 401

PROSPER, findings, 389Proteinuria, angiotensin blockade complication,

52PROV IT-TIMI 22, findings, 387Pulmonary edema, management, 236, 237Pulmonary hypertension, angiotensin blockade

management, 50PVCs, see Premature ventricular contrac-

tionsQQuinapril,

dosing, 44, 123overview, 57pharmacology, 44trade names, 398

Quinethazone, trade names and dosing, 86Quinidine,

action, 268adverse effects, 268dosing, 268drug interactions, 367, 368overview, 268pharmacokinetics, 268pregnancy and drug safety, 357trade names, 399

Quinine, drug interactions, 372

R

RALES, findings, 385Ramipril,

dosing, 44, 123hallmark clinical trials, 386overview, 57pharmacology, 44

418 Index

trade names, 398Ranazoline, angina management, 178Rash, angiotensin blockade complication,

52Renal insufficiency, hypertension management,

114Renin, beta-blocker interactions, 11, 12Renoprotection, angiotensin blockade, 50,

63, 64Reteplase, overview, 192, 193Rosuvastatin,

dosing, 314dyslipidemia management, 314, 315trade names, 403

S

Saint John’s Wort, drug interactions, 378Scleroderma renal crisis, angiotensin blockade

management, 50Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

(SSRIs),cardiac effects, 376drug interactions, 373, 374

Sildenafil, drug interactions, 377, 378Simvastatin,

dosing, 313dyslipidemia management, 313trade names, 404

Smoking, beta-blocker effects, 112Sodium bicarbonate, see BicarbonateSodium nitroprusside, see NitroprussideSotalol,

action, 276adverse effects, 276, 277dosing, 7, 8, 276indications, 276indications and contraindications, 30overview, 30overview, 276pharmacologic properties, 10trade names, 399, 401

Spiramycin, cardiac effects, 375Spirapril, overview, 57Spironolactone,

advantages, 92, 93disadvantages, 92, 93hallmark clinical trials, 385heart failure management, 222, 223indications, 91, 92overview, 92trade names and dosing, 86, 403

SSRIs, see Selective serotonin reuptakeinhibitors

Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, seeInfective endocarditis

Statins, see also specific drugs,adverse effects, 312, 313clinical trial outcomes, 319combination therapies, 315contraindications, 312controversies,

drug interactions, 326, 327high-intensity therapy and

atheroma regression, 323,324, 387, 388

low-density cholesterol targets,324

malignant arrhythmia management,327

rhabdomyolysis, 324–325differences between drugs, 312drug interactions, 325–327, 371hallmark clinical trials, 387–389heart failure management, 247, 327myocardial infarction management, 196overview, 311, 312pharmacokinetics, 325pleiotropic effects, 311trade names, 403, 404unstable angina management, 173

Streptococcus bovis endocarditis, seeInfective endocarditis

Streptococcus viridans endocarditis, seeInfective endocarditis

Streptokinase,action, 191adverse effects, 192drug interactions, 192overview, 191

Stroke, hypertension management, 114Subarachnoid hemorrhage,

beta-blocker management, 20hypertension management, 115

Sudden cardiac death, see Cardiac arrestSumatriptan, cardiac effects, 376Supraventricular arrhythmia, see Atrial

flutter; Atrial fibrillation; Atrial pre-mature contractions; Atrioventricularnodal reentrant tachycardia; Multifo-cal atrial tachycardia; Paroxysmalatrial tachycardia; Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Index 419

T

TACTICS-TMI 18, findings, 384Taste loss, angiotensin blockade complication,

52TDP, see Torsades de pointesTelmisartan,

overview, 59trade names, 398

Tenecteplase, overview, 192Terazosin, hypertension management, 126,

127Terbutaline, cardiac effects, 376Tetralogy of Fallot, beta-blocker management,

19Theophylline, drug interactions, 374Thrombolytic therapy, see also specific

agents,contraindications, 191myocardial infarction management, 186,

189–191Thyroxine, drug interactions, 375Timolol,

angina management, 162dosing, 8mortality reduction studies, 4overview, 30, 31pharmacologic properties, 10trade names, 401

Tirofiban,dosing, 340hallmark clinical trials, 384indications, 340, 341non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

management, 205properties, 338trade names, 400unstable angina management, 173, 174

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA),action, 192drug interactions, 372overview, 192

Tobramycin, right-sided endocarditismanagement, 303, 304

ToprolXL, advantages, 28Torsades de pointes (TDP), management,

267, 268Torsemide,

advantages, 98heart failure management, 221overview, 90, 91trade names and dosing, 86, 403

t-PA, see Tissue plasminogen activatorTrandolapril,

dosing, 44, 123overview, 57, 58pharmacology, 44trade names, 398

Triamterene, trade names and dosing, 86Trichlormethiazide, trade names and dosing,

86Tricyclic antidepressants,

cardiac effects, 376drug interactions, 373

U

Unstable angina,acute coronary syndrome terminology,

169hallmark clinical trials in acute coronary

syndromes, 381—385laboratory work-up, 169, 170management,

antibiotics, 174, 175aspirin, 172beta-blockers, 171calcium channel blockers, 172clopidogrel, 172glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers,

173, 174heparin, 172, 173intravenous nitroglycerin, 167, 168pain, 170, 171statins, 173

athophysiology, 169risk stratification, 170

Urapidil, hypertensive emergency management,129, 132

V

Valsartan,dosing, 45, 123overview, 59pharmacology, 45trade names, 398

Variant angina,diagnosis, 175treatment,

percutaneous coronary intervention,176

pharmacotherapy, 175Vasalva maneuver, arrhythmia termination,

253

420 Index

Vaseretic, hypertension management, 124Vasopressin, cardiac arrest management, 292Ventricular fibrillation,

cardiac arrest, 285survivor management, 266

Ventricular tachycardia (VT),cardiac arrest, 285diagnosis, 264management,

algorithm, 265drugs, 266

recurrent sustained tachycardia, 266, 267Verapamil,

action, 71adverse effects, 71, 72angina management, 164atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

management, 254, 257, 258combination therapy, 77contraindications, 254, 257drug interactions, 72

hypertension management, 125overview, 71trade names, 402

Vincristine, cardiac effects, 377VT, see Ventricular tachycardia

W

Warfarin,atrial fibrillation management, 262, 263dosing, 341drug interactions, 342endocarditis management, 304lactation safety, 359overview, 341trade names, 399vitamin K antagonism and food content,

341, 343Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, arrhythmia

management, 263, 264

Z

Zofenopril, overview, 58