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Appendix I Cognitive and Neuropsychological Battery-Specific
Culture-Language Matrices
Note: The broad and narrow CHC ability classifications that usually follow subtest names are intentionally omitted in this section to reduce potential confusion and reinforce the notion that evaluation of validity involves attention to other variables (i.e., cultural and linguistic factors) that may have influenced performance above and beyond what the test was intended to measure. Once the validity of test scores has been evaluated, scores may be entered into the XBA DMIA v2.0 for further analyses regarding the requirements for establishing psychometric validity of composite scores according to CHC or neuropsychological theory.
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Cancellation Block Design (BD) and BD No Time Bonus Letter-Number Sequencing
Matrix Reasoning Coding
Digit Span
Symbol Search
Mo
der
ate
Arithmetic
Picture Concepts
Hig
h
Picture Completion Comprehension
Information
Similarities
Vocabulary
Word Reasoning
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition Integrated
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Spatial Span Forward and Backward Block Design Process Approach Letter-Number Seq. Process Approach
Visual Digit Span Coding Copying Letter Span
Block Design Multiple Choice (BDMB) and BDMC No Time Bonus
Coding Recall
Elithorn Mazes (EM) and EM No Time Bonus
Mo
der
ate
Arithmetic Process Approach
Written Arithmetic
Hig
h
Comprehension Multiple Choice
Information Multiple Choice
Picture Vocabulary Multiple Choice
Similarities Multiple Choice
Vocabulary Multiple Choice
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Cancellation Block Design Letter-Number Sequencing
Matrix Reasoning Coding Visual Puzzles Digit Span Symbol Search
Mo
der
ate
Arithmetic
Figure Weights
Hig
h
Picture Completion Comprehension
Information
Similarities
Vocabulary
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Third Edition
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Matrix Reasoning Block Design
Coding
Symbol Search
Mo
der
ate
Object Assembly Picture Concepts Receptive Vocabulary
Hig
h
Picture Completion Picture Naming Comprehension
Information
Similarities
Vocabulary
Word Reasoning
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Fourth Edition
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Matrix Reasoning Block Design
Cancellation Bug Search
Mo
der
ate
Object Assembly Picture Concepts Receptive Vocabulary
Animal Coding
Hig
h
Picture Memory Picture Naming Comprehension
Zoo Locations Information
Similarities
Vocabulary
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Woodcock-Johnson III Normative Update Tests of Cognitive Abilities
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Spatial Relations Numbers Reversed Analysis-Synthesis Visual Matching Auditory Working Memory Concept Formation
Mo
der
ate
Pair Cancellation DR: Visual Auditory Learning Auditory Attention Picture Recognition Rapid Picture Naming Decision Speed Planning Retrieval Fluency Incomplete Words Visual-Auditory Learning Memory for Words Sound Blending
Hig
h
General Information Verbal Comprehension
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Woodcock-Johnson III Normative Update Diagnostic Supplement
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Block Rotation Cross Out
Number Matrices Memory for Names
Number Series Memory for Names Delayed
Sound Patterns-Voice
Mo
der
ate
Visual Closure Sound Patterns-Music Memory for Sentences
Hig
h
Bilingual Verbal Comprehension
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales – Fifth Edition
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Nonverbal Visual-Spatial Nonverbal Fluid Reasoning Nonverbal Working Memory
Mo
der
ate
Nonverbal Quantitative Reasoning Verbal Quantitative Reasoning Verbal Working Memory
Hig
h
Nonverbal Knowledge
Verbal Fluid Reasoning
Verbal Knowledge
Verbal Visual-Spatial
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Differential Ability Scales – Second Edition
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Copying Recall of Digits-Backward Recall of Digits-Forward
Matching Letter-Like Forms Speed of Information Processing Matrices Pattern Construction
Recall of Designs Sequential & Quantitative Reasoning
Mo
der
ate
Picture Similarities Early Number Concepts Phonological Processing
Recall of Objects-Delayed Rapid Naming
Recall of Objects-Immediate Recall of Sequential Order
Recognition of Pictures
Hig
h
Naming Vocabulary Verbal Similarities
Verbal Comprehension Word Definitions
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Atlantis Block Counting
Atlantis Delayed Number Recall
Face Recognition Rebus
Hand Movements Rebus Delayed
Pattern Reasoning
Triangles
Mo
der
ate
Conceptual Thinking
Rover
Word Order
Hig
h
Gestalt Closure Story Completion Expressive Vocabulary
Riddles
Verbal Knowledge
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Odd-Item Out
Mo
der
ate
Nonverbal Memory Verbal Memory
Hig
h
What's Missing Guess What
Verbal Reasoning
Culture-Language Test Classifications: NEPSY-II
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Imitating Hand Positions Block Construction Oromotor Sequences
Inhibition Finger Tapping
Manual Motor Sequences Geometric Puzzles
Statue Memory for Designs
Memory for Designs Delayed
Visual-Motor Precision
Mo
der
ate
Affect Recognition Body Part Naming and Identification List Memory
Arrows Clocks List Memory Delayed
Design Copying Picture Puzzles Memory for Names
Design Fluency Repetition of Nonsense Words Memory for Names Delayed
Narrative Memory
Sentence Repetition
Speeded Naming
Hig
h
Memory for Faces Animal Sorting
Memory for Faces Delayed Auditory Attention and Response Set Route Finding Comprehension of Instructions
Phonological Processing
Theory of Mind
Word Generation
Word List Interference
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Trail Making Test: Motor Speed Design Fluency Test: Empty Dots Only
Design Fluency Test: Filled Dots
Design Fluency Test: Switching
Mo
der
ate
Trail Making Test: Letter Sequencing Trail Making Test: Number-Letter Switching
Trail Making Test: Number Sequencing
Trail Making Test: Visual Scanning
Hig
h
Color-Word Interference: Color-Naming
Color-Word Interference: Inhibition
Color-Word Interference: Inhibition/Switch.
Color-Word Interference: Word Reading
Proverb Test: Free Inquiry
Proverb Test: Recognition
Sorting Test: Free Sorting
Sorting Test: Sort Recognition
Tower
Twenty Questions Test
Verbal Fluency Test: Category Fluency
Verbal Fluency Test: Category Switching
Verbal Fluency Test: Letter Fluency
Word Context Test
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Wechsler Memory Scale – Fourth Edition
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Designs I
Designs II Delayed Recall
Designs II Recognition
Symbol Span
Visual Reproduction II Copy
Mo
der
ate
Visual Reproduction I Spatial Addition Logical Memory I
Visual Reproduction II Delayed Recall Verbal Paired Associates I Logical Memory II Delayed Recall
Visual Reproduction II Recognition Verbal Paired Associates II Logical Memory II Recognition
Hig
h
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Matrices Coding
Recognition Picture Arrangement
Spatial Span
Mo
der
ate
Object Assembly
Hig
h
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Wide-Range Assessment of Memory and Learning – Second Edition
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Design Memory Number Letter
Design Memory Recognition Sound Symbol
Finger Windows Sound Symbol Recall
Verbal Working Memory
Mo
der
ate
Symbolic Working Memory Sentence Memory
Verbal Learning
Verbal Learning Recall
Verbal Learning Recognition
Hig
h
Picture Memory Story Memory
Picture Memory Recognition Story Memory Recall
Story Memory Recognition
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Test of Memory and Learning – Second Edition
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Abstract Visual Memory Digits Backward
Manual Imitation Digits Forward
Memory for Location Letters Backward
Visual Selective Reminding Letters Forward
Mo
der
ate
Facial Memory Object Recall Memory for Stories
Visual Sequential Memory Paired Recall Memory for Stories-Delayed
Word Selective Reminding Word Selective Reminding-Delayed
Hig
h
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Dean Woodcock Neuropsychological Battery
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Auditory Acuity Finger Tapping
Coordination
Gait and Station
Grip Strength
Romberg
Tactile Examination: Finger Identification
Tactile Examination: Simultaneous Localization Visual Confrontation
Mo
der
ate
Construction Expressive Speech
Tactile Examination: Object Identification Lateral Preference Scale
Tactile Examination: Palm Writing Left-Right Movements
Near-Point Visual Acuity
Hig
h
Mime Movements
Naming Pictures of Objects
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Kaplan Baycrest Neurocognitive Assessment
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Complex Figure 1 Auditory Signal Detection Praxis
Complex Figure 2 Numbers
Expression of Emotion Spatial Location
Motor Programming
Mo
der
ate
Clocks Repetition
Conceptual Shifting Sentence Reading-Arithmetic
Orientation Verbal Fluency
Reading Single Words Word Lists 2
Symbol Cancellation
Word Lists 1
Hig
h
Picture Recognition Auditory Comprehension
Picture Description Oral
Picture Description: Written
Picture Naming
Practical Problem Solving
Sequences
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Neuropsychological Assessment Battery
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Figure Drawing Design Construction
Shape Learning Digits Backward
Visual Discrimination Digits Forward
Dots
Mazes
Mo
der
ate
Numbers and Letter Daily Living Memory
List Learning
Map Reading
Story Learning
Hig
h
Naming Auditory Comprehension
Bill Payment
Categories
Driving Scenes
Judgment
Oral Production
Orientation
Reading Comprehension
Word Generation
Writing
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals – Fourth Edition
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Number Repetition-Backward Familiar Sequences
Number Repetition-Forward
Mo
der
ate
Concepts and Following Directions
Recalling Sentences
Hig
h
Sentence Structure Expressive Vocabulary
Formulated Sentences
Semantic Relationships
Sentence Assembly
Understanding Spoken Paragraphs
Word Classes-Expressive
Word Classes-Receptive
Word Definitions
Word Structure
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Batería III Woodcock-Muñoz Cognitiva
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Integracion de Sonidos Analisis-Sintesis Formacion de Conceptos
Atencion Auditiva Rapidez en el Decision Memoria de Trabajo Auditivo
Reconocimiento de Dibujos Relaciones Espaciales
Palabras Incompletas
Mo
der
ate
Cancelacion de Pares Memoria Para Palabras Fluidez de Recuperacion
Planeamiento Inversion de Numeros
Rapidez en la Identificacion de Dibjuos
Pareo Visual Informacion General
Hig
h
Aprendizaje Visual-Auditivo Comprension Verbal
Memoria Diferida-Aprendizaje Visual-Auditivo
NOTE: The subtests and their classifications as shown in this matrix have not been the subject of extensive empirical investigation. The classifications herein are drawn primarily from the work of Esparza-Brown (2008, 2011) and users are referred to this source for additional information. The classifications offered herein are provided primarily for the purposes of continued research and exploration. As such, their use in evaluating the validity of obtained test results and their utility in making subsequent decisions regarding the effect of cultural and linguistic variables on the test performance of English Language Learners cannot yet be recommended as meeting an evidence-based standard at this time.
Culture-Language Test Classifications: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition Spanish
DEGREE OF LINGUISTIC DEMAND
Low Moderate High
DEG
REE
OF
CU
LTU
RA
L LO
AD
ING
Low
Cancellation Block Design Letter-Number Sequencing
Matrix Reasoning Coding
Digit Span
Symbol Search
Mo
der
ate
Arithmetic
Picture Concepts
Picture Completion
Comprehension
Hig
h
Information
Similarities
Vocabulary
Word Reasoning
NOTE: The WISC-IV Spanish subtests and their classifications as shown in this matrix have not been the subject of extensive empirical investigation. The classifications herein are drawn primarily from the existing WISC-IV classifications, given the parallel nature of the two tests. However, the classifications are provided only for the purposes of continued research and empirical exploration. As such, their use in evaluating the validity of obtained test results and their utility in making subsequent decisions regarding the effect of cultural and linguistic variables on the test performance of English Language Learners cannot yet be recommended as meeting an evidence-based standard at this time.