appendix a biophysical assessment report

APPENDIX A – BIOPHYSICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

Biophysical Assessment:

Westchester Quarry Expansion

2327 Westchester Road, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia — PID 25090887

July 2018

Prepared for:

Chapman Brothers Construction Limited Truro, Nova Scotia

Prepared by:

Envirosphere Consultants Limited

P.O. 2906 | Unit 5 – 120 Morison Drive

Windsor, Nova Scotia B0N 2T0

Tel: (902) 798‐4022 | Fax: (902) 798‐2614

www.envirosphere.ca

NOTE: An addendum containing updates to information in the 2018 report, where they were considered necessary, is provided as an appendix (Appendix D) to the EA Registration Document.

Biophysical Description and Assessment for Westchester Quarry Expansion, July 2018

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Information Sources ............................................................................................................................................. 1 3 Site Location and Study Area ................................................................................................................................ 1 4 Existing Environment ............................................................................................................................................ 4

4.1 Physical Environment ................................................................................................................................... 4 4.1.1 Climate and Winds .............................................................................................................................. 4 4.1.2 Topography and Geology .................................................................................................................... 5 4.1.3 Air Quality, Noise & Light .................................................................................................................... 7 4.1.4 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................................ 8 4.1.5 Hydrogeology ...................................................................................................................................... 8 4.1.6 Soils ..................................................................................................................................................... 9

4.2 Biological Resources and Habitat ................................................................................................................. 9 4.2.1 Terrestrial Environment ...................................................................................................................... 9 4.2.2 Aquatic Environment ......................................................................................................................... 12 4.2.3 Water Quality .................................................................................................................................... 15 4.2.4 Wetlands ........................................................................................................................................... 16 4.2.5 Fish & Fish Habitat ............................................................................................................................. 16 4.2.6 Birds ................................................................................................................................................... 18 4.2.7 Mammals ........................................................................................................................................... 22 4.2.8 Reptiles and Amphibians ................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.9 Species at Risk ................................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.10 Natural Areas & Wilderness .............................................................................................................. 30

4.3 Human Uses of the Environment ............................................................................................................... 30 4.3.1 Mi’kmaq ............................................................................................................................................ 30 4.3.2 Population and Economy .................................................................................................................. 31 4.3.3 Water Supply and Residential Wells .................................................................................................. 31 4.3.4 Land Use ............................................................................................................................................ 32 4.3.5 Hunting and Trapping ........................................................................................................................ 32 4.3.6 Forestry ............................................................................................................................................. 33 4.3.7 Recreational, Commercial, and Mi’kmaq Fishing .............................................................................. 33 4.3.8 Historical, Archaeological and Palaeontological Resources .............................................................. 33 4.3.9 Parks and Protected Areas ................................................................................................................ 34 4.3.10 Recreational/Cultural Features ......................................................................................................... 36 4.3.11 Residential Use .................................................................................................................................. 36 4.3.12 Commercial/Industrial Development ................................................................................................ 36 4.3.13 Tourism and Viewscape ..................................................................................................................... 36 4.3.14 Transportation ................................................................................................................................... 38

5 Environmental Impacts, Significance, and Mitigation ........................................................................................ 39 5.1 Assessment Approach and Methods .......................................................................................................... 39 5.2 Valued Environmental Components .......................................................................................................... 39 5.3 Socioeconomic Impacts .............................................................................................................................. 40

5.3.1 Mi’kmaq ............................................................................................................................................ 40 5.3.2 Recreational Activities ....................................................................................................................... 40 5.3.3 Tourism and Viewscape ..................................................................................................................... 40 5.3.4 Recreational, Commercial & Mi’kmaq Fishing .................................................................................. 41 5.3.5 Archaeological/Cultural/Historical .................................................................................................... 41 5.3.6 Land Use and Value ........................................................................................................................... 41 5.3.7 Transportation ................................................................................................................................... 41 5.3.8 Residential Use .................................................................................................................................. 42


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5.3.9 Commercial/Industrial Use ................................................................................................................ 42 5.3.10 Water Supplies and Residential Wells ............................................................................................... 42 5.3.11 Parks and Protected Areas ................................................................................................................ 42 5.3.12 Resource Use—Forestry, Hunting & Trapping .................................................................................. 43

5.4 Biophysical Impacts––Impacts of the Project on the Environment ........................................................... 43 5.4.1 Air Quality, Noise, and Light .............................................................................................................. 43 5.4.2 Groundwater ..................................................................................................................................... 43 5.4.3 Hydrology .......................................................................................................................................... 44 5.4.4 Water Quality .................................................................................................................................... 44 5.4.5 Freshwater Aquatic Environments .................................................................................................... 44 5.4.6 Wetlands ........................................................................................................................................... 44 5.4.7 Fish and Fish Habitat ......................................................................................................................... 45 5.4.8 Flora and Fauna and Habitat ............................................................................................................. 45 5.4.9 Species at Risk ................................................................................................................................... 45 5.4.10 Natural Areas & Wilderness .............................................................................................................. 46

6 Impacts of the Environment on the Project ........................................................................................................ 46 7 Cumulative Effects .............................................................................................................................................. 46 8 Monitoring .......................................................................................................................................................... 56 9 Public Consultation ............................................................................................................................................. 56 10 Personal Communications .............................................................................................................................. 56 11 References ...................................................................................................................................................... 56 12 Limiting Conditions ......................................................................................................................................... 57

List of Figures:

Figure 1. Project location. .............................................................................................................................................. 2

Figure 2. Study area in relation to local site features in a 2014 air photo. .................................................................... 2

Figure 3. Panoramic view of Westchester Quarry, facing north, September 1 2017. ................................................... 3

Figure 4. North pit area, Westchester Quarry, September 1, 2017. ............................................................................. 3

Figure 5. Active quarry face viewed from southeast, August 2017. .............................................................................. 4

Figure 6. Annual temperature and precipitation cycle for Westchester Quarry using observations from Jackson (1981‐2010) located about 8 km west of the site (Canadian Climate Normals 2017). ......................................... 5

Figure 7. Bedrock geology of the study area. From Keppie (2000) and digital version (2016). ..................................... 6

Figure 8. Surficial geology of the study area. From Stea et al (1992). ........................................................................... 6

Figure 9. Annual flows in Mountain Brook at Rose, based on Wallace River flows at Wentworth Center, 1979‐1999, based on drainage areas of 0.9 and 298 km2 respectively (Environment Canada 1989 & Water Survey of Canada, https://wateroffice.ec.gc.ca). ................................................................................................................. 8

Figure 10. Undisturbed deciduous woodland at northeast end of the survey area June 28, 2017. ............................ 10

Figure 11. Small stream and ravine along west edge of undisturbed deciduous woodland on the property. June 28, 2017. ................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 12. A relatively recent cutover area (located southwest of the quarry). Woody regeneration at this location is primarily deciduous. View to northeast. June 28, 2017. ................................................................................. 11


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Figure 13. Mixed regeneration (coniferous and deciduous tree species both present) in woodland south and southwest of quarry. June 28, 2017. .................................................................................................................. 11

Figure 14. Tributary of Mountain Brook, at Site WS‐2‐1, near west margin of study area, September 1, 2017. ........ 12

Figure 15. Permanent stream draining east side of study area at Site WS‐6, September 1, 2017. ............................. 14

Figure 16. Permanent stream on east side of study area at Site WS‐6, showing substrate, September 1, 2017. ...... 14

Figure 17. Second stream exiting eastern extremity of site at WS‐7, September 1, 2017. ......................................... 15

Figure 18. Hanging culverts where upper headwaters join Mountain Brook, near Wentworth‐Collingwood Road, Site WS1‐1, September 1, 2017. Mountain Brook is in foreground. ................................................................... 13

Figure 19. Mountain Brook upstream of beaver dam at Site WS‐1, near Wentworth Wentworth Collingwood Road, Sepbember 1, 2017. ............................................................................................................................................ 13

Figure 20 Locations of point count surveys for song birds and owls, Westchester Quarry, June 12, 2017. ............... 22

Figure 21. Parks and protected areas in the vicinity of Westchester Quarry. ............................................................. 35

Figure 22. Westchester Road and entrance to Westchester Quarry on right, May 21, 2017. .................................... 37

Figure 23. View of the Westchester Quarry from Wentworth‐Collingwood Road, May 21 2017. .............................. 37

Figure 24. Westchester Quarry as seen from Westchester Road at Wentworth‐Collingwood Road, looking southeast, May 21, 2017. ................................................................................................................................... 38


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List of Tables:

Table 1. Water quality measurements in surface waters located at or near the Chapman Brothers Construction Limited, Westchester Quarry, Cumberland County, September 1, 2017. .......................................................... 16

Table 2. Fish species, number and size based on set minnow traps in surface waters for >24 hrs, located at or near the Westchester Quarry, Cumberland County. .................................................................................................. 18

Table 3. Birds potentially breeding in the Cobequid Hills, Cumberland County (Survey areas 20MR34 &20MR44, Maritime Breeding Bird Atlas 2017). .................................................................................................................. 20

Table 4. Bird species heard or observed during dawn bird surveys conducted June 12, 2017, between 04:50 and 09:10 hrs at the Westchester Quarry study site. For locations of observation points, see Figure 20. ............... 21

Table 5. Potential for occurrence of Nova Scotia amphibians and reptiles at Westchester Quarry. Species in bold were found at the site or potentially could breed at the site. Other species are unlikely to occur or breed due to the absence of permanent ponds or other, suitable habitat. Source: Gilhen 1984. ...................................... 23

Table 6. Records of species of concern within a 5 km radius of Westchester Quarry, Cumberland County. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre (ACCDC) Database, May 2017. .................................................................... 26

Table 7. Provincially listed species of concern with potential to occur in the vicinity of the project site (~10km). Nova Scotia Museum records (S. Weseloh McKeane, NS Museum, pers. comm., 2017). .................................. 28

Table 8. Five‐year cumulative summary of wildlife harvested in Cumberland County and Nova Scotia (2011 – 2016). .................................................................................................................................................................. 33

Table 9. Valued Environmental Components (VECs) for Westchester Quarry Expansion. .......................................... 39

Table 10. Potential interactions between project activities and operations and Valued Environmental Components (VECs) for Westchester Quarry expansion. ......................................................................................................... 47

Table 11. Summary of impacts and mitigation on Valued Environmental Components, Chapman Brothers Construction Limited, Westchester Quarry Expansion. ...................................................................................... 48


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1 INTRODUCTION

Chapman Brothers Construction Limited, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, is proposing to expand an existing quarry in Westchester, Cumberland County, about 19 km south of the community of Oxford, Nova Scotia. The quarry is presently operating under an industrial approval for quarries less than four hectares; an approval to expand the quarry beyond the current size is required under the Environmental Assessment Regulations of the Nova Scotia Environment Act. Chapman Brothers Construction Limited contracted Envirosphere Consultants Limited of Windsor, Nova Scotia, to prepare a biophysical and socio‐economic overview and assessment of the expansion in support of the approval application. This report contains the results of the overview and assessment. It presents a description of the methodology and scope, existing environment, environmental effects, cumulative effects, discussion, and conclusions. The assessment provides a sufficient level of detail to ensure that all information necessary to allow adequate review of the project is provided; to demonstrate how the assessment was conducted; and to document the information on which the conclusions were based.

2 INFORMATION SOURCES

Information for the biophysical and socio‐economic overview and assessment was collected from various sources, including interviews with representatives of the Department of Natural Resources, Nova Scotia Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries (NSDAF), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, contacts with organizations, businesses and individuals in the Westchester area; review of existing published information including soil surveys, reports on geology and natural history (e.g. Natural History of Nova Scotia); use of relevant websites and databases (Nova Scotia Open Data Portal; DNR Significant Habitat and Wetland Databases, Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, and Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History); use of maps, digital data on land use and property ownership, aerial photos, and 1:50,000 topographic maps. Site visits and walkovers by project personnel were carried out on June 28, 2017 and September 18, 2017 (early summer and fall botany surveys); June 12 & 14, 2016 (owls and breeding birds respectively); and May 21 and August 31‐ September 1, 2017 (site reconnaissance). Key project personnel included Patrick Stewart (M.Sc.), Valerie Kendall (M.Env.Sc.), and Heather Levy (B.Sc. Hons. Environmental Science) (background review, site reconnaissance, wetlands, water quality & fish habitat assessment); William Shaw, P.Geo, W.G. Shaw and Associates, Antigonish (hydrogeology); Ruth Newell, M.Sc. (botany surveys); and Mr. Fulton Lavender and Mr. Richard Hatch (bird surveys).

3 SITE LOCATION AND STUDY AREA

The Chapman Brothers Construction Limited Westchester Quarry (Westchester Quarry) in Cumberland County is located at 2327 Westchester Road adjacent to the Wentworth‐Collingwood Road near the community of Rose, at approximately UTM Zone 20, NAD83, Easting 441571 and Northing 5048554, PID 25090887. The site is shown in Nova Scotia Air Photos 2014 0905‐0240 & 0908‐0109, September 5 & 8, 2014 respectively; and Google Earth satellite imagery from September 23, 2014. The focus area for the assessment is shown on Figures 1 & 2, and Map A‐1, Appendix A. The quarry is shown in Figures 3 to 5. The proposed expansion area will be located entirely within the EA study area.


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Figure 1. Project location.

Figure 2. Study area in relation to local site features in a 2014 air photo.


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Figure 3. Panoramic view of Westchester Quarry, facing north, September 1 2017.

Figure 4. North pit area, Westchester Quarry, September 1, 2017.


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Figure 5. Active quarry face viewed from southeast, October 19, 2017.

4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.1.1 Climate and Winds The Westchester Quarry study site is an inland location, but with some marine influence on the climate from the Northumberland Strait 32 kilometers to the north, 25 kilometers southeast of Springhill, and approximately 19 kilometers southeast of Oxford, Nova Scotia. Proximity to the ocean results in a cool, humid, temperate climate in which the weather displays variability during all seasons. Winters are cold with high snowfall, and springs are late, cool, and cloudy and summers are warm and humid. Highest levels of precipitation as rain are experienced in the fall.

Temperatures range from ‐6.0 degrees Celsius in January to 18.3 degrees Celsius in July (Figure 6) and mean annual precipitation ranges from 989.9 to 1193.8 mm of rainfall and 1524 to 2032 mm of snowfall (Cumberland County). Frost‐free period ranges from 100 to 140 days (Figure 6) (Canadian Climate Normals 2017). Winds are predominantly from the north to northwest in winter, shifting to the south and southwest during the May to November period (TDC 1991). The study area is expected to experience winds which are above average in severity due to the elevation and position of the site near the northern slope of the Cobequid Highlands which forces winds upward, and consequently these areas are prone to local cloud and thunderstorm formation and shower activity (NavCan 2013).


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Figure 6. Annual temperature and precipitation cycle for Westchester Quarry using observations from Jackson (1981‐2010) located about 8 km west of the site (Canadian Climate Normals 2017).

4.1.2 Topography and Geology

4.1.2.1 Landscape

The Westchester Quarry is located at an elevation of 250‐300 m in the north‐central part of the Cobequid Mountains, a 90‐kilometre, east‐trending upland that dominates the northern part of mainland Nova Scotia. Higher elevations in the upland are characterized by a broad, fairly smooth to gently‐rounded terrain that reaches maximum elevations of approximately 320 metres. It is dissected by numerous sub‐linear and dendritic watercourses, most of which flow northward or southward. Topography at the site is that of a flat and gradually rolling upland with slopes of 1:8 to the north and 1:10 to the northwest in the direction of a steep sided valley of the headwaters of Mountain Brook (Figure 7). It is surrounded by rolling hills frequently occupied by blueberry fields and farms (Maps A‐1 & A‐2).

4.1.2.2 Bedrock Geology

The Westchester Quarry is located near Westchester Mountain on the northern edge of the Cobequid Highlands, the upland of ancient igneous and metamorphic rocks which forms a backbone for northern mainland Nova Scotia. Immediately north of the site the land slopes suddenly toward the gradually sloping lowland formed over sedimentary strata extending to Northumberland Strait. The Quarry is located in bedrock dominated by igneous rocks predominantly orange medium grained granite, diorite and dark grey, fine‐grained gabbro (Keppie 2000; Pe‐Piper and Piper 2003; W. Shaw, personal communication, 2017). Sedimentary conglomerate, sandstone, limestone and mudstone of the Boss Point formation of the Cumberland Group occur in close proximity to the site to the north and metamorphosed turbidites occur at higher elevations to the west (Figure 7).

4.1.2.3 Surficial Geology

Surface deposits which form the base material for soils are mostly glacially‐derived, including those arising from the deposition of glacial till and subsequent weathering; and deposits formed from reworking of till by glacial meltwater and later surface and river runoff. Some areas have a shallow cover of surface deposits (0.5 to 2 metres) over bedrock which is near the surface.at the site. Till varies in composition from predominantly silty, to stony


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glacial till in places (Figure 8). Coarse gravel to sandy alluvial deposits occur in the base of valleys as a result of both recent and glacial stream flow. Eskers and kame fields (sandy deposits formed from flows under glacial ice; and mounds of glacial till settling after glacial ice melt respectively) are found in valleys in the general vicinity of the site.

Figure 7. Bedrock geology of the study area. From Keppie (2000) and digital version (2016).

Figure 8. Surficial geology of the study area. From Stea et al (1992).


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4.1.3 Air Quality, Noise & Light The Westchester area experiences low levels of artificial light, low levels of ambient noise, and high air quality. There are few sources of artificial light in the area; ambient noise levels reflect local vehicle traffic, agricultural equipment, and operations of the quarry; and air quality is expected to be good due to the rural location and predominantly forested setting.

House and yard lights from local residences, vehicle lights and site lighting for quarry operations, are the main sources of artificial light at the site. Road traffic includes vehicles and equipment traveling on the Westchester Road and adjacent roads (e.g. Wentworth Collingwood Road). Traffic levels on Westchester Road, which passes north of the quarry, are expected to be low and generate little artificial light. Lights at the quarry, as well as ‘sky shine’ from operations when low cloud occurs, can probably be seen from Westchester Road, and residences in the area.

The study area is expected to have a relatively high natural baseline air quality typical of areas with low levels of human activity. Neighbouring land is comprised mainly of forested and agricultural land mainly developed in blueberries, with a low density of residential properties. Periodic dust and vehicle exhaust emissions from quarry activities, regular residential and agricultural vehicle traffic on the graveled Westchester Road and other local access roads are the main contributors to particulates and exhaust emissions, which are expected to be at moderate to low levels. Vehicle traffic along Westchester Road arising from the Westchester Quarry, however, is a major source of dust affecting the local community1. Presence of Highway 104 Cobequid Pass near the site is a relatively small contributor to air quality; prevailing winds at the quarry would be predominantly away from the quarry to the east, towards the highway. The equipment operating at the site such as crushers, which have the potential to generate dust, use particulate separators and fines are stored on site.

The scope and scale of operations for the quarry are not expected to change and ambient noise levels in general are expected to be low due to the relatively isolated location of the quarry. Westchester Road is the main road passing the quarry and connects to the Wentworth‐Collingwood Road. Highway 104, which runs north‐south about 1.7 km east of the quarry (Figure 2), is expected to be the main offsite source of noise at the site. Local residents interviewed indicated that trucks leaving the quarry typically used engine braking (“jake brakes”) which was an annoyance. High noise levels also impact wildlife in the general vicinity. The quarry is visible from both the Wentworth Collingwood Road and Highway 104 and would be directly impacted by traffic noise from those sources. Traffic related to quarries in the area, including the Westchester Quarry, is low to moderate but can be significant when major construction projects are in the area. Peak vehicle noise on the highway is expected to coincide with vehicle traffic patterns. Morning and evening traffic and noise level peaks, as well as seasonal (summer) peaks in traffic noise corresponding to tourist activities, are expected on secondary roads; while traffic on Highway 104 is expected throughout the day, including evenings and at night, due the highway’s role as the main highway transportation route into Nova Scotia. The quarry and associated movement of trucks and equipment would continue to provide a periodic source of noise in the area.

Quarries in Nova Scotia typically operate sporadically, in response to local demand for aggregate and asphalt products, in particular for local highway construction and maintenance projects. Depending on level of activity, blasting will only be required at the Westchester Quarry one to two times per year. Other equipment which may operate from time to time at the quarry include a portable crusher, a portable asphalt plant, and heavy earth moving equipment such as payloaders and other front‐end loaders, as well as trucks on an as‐required basis. Apart from blasting, typical noise sources at the quarry will include crushers, generators, and other heavy equipment operations (e.g. motors, back‐up signals etc.). All trucks leaving the site are expected and required to follow best

1 Several seasonal residents of Westchester Road contacted during this assessment, as well as field observations by our study team, indicated that dust was a concern and interfered with their enjoyment of their properties.


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operational practices to minimize noise and to cover loads to minimize dust release. Noise levels arising from the quarry in future are expected to be consistent with those produced by the existing quarry operations at the site.

4.1.4 Hydrology Westchester Quarry is located on the watershed divide between the Wallace River and River Philip watersheds, both of which drain north to Northumberland Strait and the Gulf of St. Lawrence; and the land immediately south of the study area is on the Portapique River watershed (draining into the Bay of Fundy) (Figures 1 & 2). First order tributaries within the western part of the study area and to the west of the site, join to form Mountain Brook which is one of the headwaters of the East Branch of River Philip. Two tributaries of Otter Brook, which is a tributary of West Branch of Wallace River (e.g. including McMullin Brook and Otter Brook), originate on the east side of the study area. Surface runoff from the Westchester Quarry is by overland flow largely toward the north‐northwest where it intercepts an ephemeral watercourse which flows into Mountain Brook; and to east through an ephemeral watercourse east of the existing quarry, which flows into Otter Brook and thence to West Branch of Wallace River. Annual average monthly flow of Mountain Brook at Rose is 0.03 m3/s based on a watershed area of 0.9 km2 (Environment Canada 1989), with seasonal highs in the spring and late fall (Figure 9). Highest monthly average flow is approximately 0.7 m3/s in April, dropping to between 0.006 to 0.015 m3/s in the July‐September period. Winter flows are moderate at 0.03 – 0.04 m3/s. Significant fluctuations in daily average flow can occur at the site. Flow patterns are expected to be similar in Otter Brook, and the downstream areas of Mountain Brook / River Philip, and Otter Brook / West Branch Wallace River.

Figure 9. Annual flows in Mountain Brook at Rose, based on Wallace River flows at Wentworth Center, 1979‐1999, based on drainage areas of 0.9 and 298 km2 respectively (Environment Canada 1989 & Water Survey of

Canada, https://wateroffice.ec.gc.ca).

4.1.5 Hydrogeology Groundwater develops predominantly on impervious bedrock surfaces beneath overburden; subsurface in cracks, fractures and horizontal surfaces between strata in bedrock; and in till and alluvial deposits. Much of the precipitation falling on the site leaves in surface water runoff in the form of small streams or flowages, with a smaller proportion leaving the site subsurface, principally through cracks and fractures in the bedrock. Adjacent areas to the

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Mountain Brook Discharge at Rose (m3/s)(1979 ‐ 1999)


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Westchester Quarry at lower elevations such as along valleys where overburden is thicker would allow development of near surface dug wells as well as drilled wells. Bedrock at the site is extensively fractured with fractures having several orientations; groundwater migration is expected to be by fracture flow through the bedrock Units (W. Shaw, personal communication, 2017). Groundwater flow direction would be expected to loosely follow the topographic gradients which is toward the north‐northwest in the west part of the study area, and northeast on the eastern end.

4.1.6 Soils Soils at the site are dominated by the Wyvern unit, consisting of shallow, well‐drained friable brown to dark brown sandy loam over gravely sandy loams; with predominantly well‐drained dark brown well‐drained sandy loams and yellow to red gravely sandy loam; and gravely loam of the Rodney unit on the slope below the quarry (Nowland and MacDougall 1973; Davis and Browne 1997). These soils have only moderate to low capability for agriculture due to stoniness but are good for hay production and the Wyvern soils around the site are currently under blueberry production. Floodplains in the area (Mountain Brook located northwest of the site) and in the Wallace River watershed contain well‐drained sandy loams of the Cumberland unit with moderate capacity for agriculture. Forest cover developed on the landscape is predominantly deciduous—Sugar Maple, Yellow Birch, and American Beech—with softwoods including Balsam Fir, and Red and Black Spruce (Davis and Browne 1997).

4.2 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND HABITAT

4.2.1 Terrestrial Environment Forests in the vicinity of site and in undeveloped parts of the Cobequid Mountains in general support a mixture of mature deciduous trees (Sugar Maple, Yellow Birch, American Beech) and softwood (Balsam Fir, Red Spruce, and Black Spruce) except where they have been logged or developed for agricultural production, principally blueberries (Figures 10‐13)(Map A‐2). Recent clearcuts occur southwest and northeast of the study area (Map A‐4).

Mature deciduous woodland containing predominantly Red Maple occurs at the northeast end of the site, immediately east of the current quarry; while the western half of the study area is predominantly regenerated deciduous, mixed or softwood stands of mixed age which have developed after logging conducted over the past 50 years (Appendix B). Accompanying shrub and tree species in the mature deciduous forest include White Birch (Betula papyrifera), Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis), Moose Maple (Acer pensylvanicum), Mountain Maple (Acer spicatum), Beech (Fagus grandifolia) and White Ash (Fraxinus americana). Common shrubs present include Beaked Hazelnut (Corylus cornuta), Alternate‐leaved Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia), Canada Fly Honeysuckle (Lonicera canadensis) and Hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium). The forest floor, tends to be sparsely vegetated with plant species present including various fern species including several wood ferns (Dryopteris spp.), Oak Fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris), Lady Fern (Athyrium filix‐femina), Silvery Spleenwort (Deparia acrostichoides) and Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). Other herbaceous vegetation present include Red Baneberry (Actaea rubra), Wood Aster (Oclemena acuminata), Large‐leaved Aster (Eurybia macrophylla) and Spotted Coralroot (Corallorhiza maculata). Stream margins were vegetated with characteristic species including Turtlehead (Chelone glabra), Small Enchanter’s Nightshade (Circaea alpina), Slender Mannagrass (Glyceria melicaria), Jack‐in‐the‐pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum), Rough Sedge (Carex scabrata), Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis), Hobblebush (Viburnum

alnifolium), Beaked Hazelnut (Corylus cornuta), and Cinnamon Fern (Osmunda cinnamomea) etc.

Cutover/regenerated areas immediately southwest of the quarry support common vascular understorey plant species, including, in the most recently cutover or disturbed areas, Bracken Fern (Pteridium aquilinum), Wild Raspberry (Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus), Poverty Grass (Danthonia spicata), Rough Bentgrass (Agrostis scabra), White Goldenrod (Solidago bicolor), Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), Narrow‐leaved Goldenrod


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(Euthamia graminifolia), Wire Birch (Betula populifolia), Pin Cherry (Prunus pensylvanica), Bristly Aralia (Aralia hispida), Rough Hawkweed (Hieracium scabrum), and Fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium)(Appendix B).

Common species present in areas with older regeneration include Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea), White Ash (Fraxinus americana), White Birch (Betula papyrifera), Rough Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa), Hay‐scented Fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula), shadbush (Amelanchier sp.) and Red Elderberry (Sambucus pubens).

Figure 10. Undisturbed deciduous woodland at northeast end of the survey area, September 18, 2017.

Figure 11. Small stream and ravine along west edge of undisturbed deciduous woodland on the property, June 28, 2017.


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Figure 12. Recent cutover southwest of the Westchester Quarry. Woody regeneration at this location is primarily deciduous. View to northeast. June 28, 2017.

Figure 13. Mixed regeneration (coniferous and deciduous tree species both present) in woodland south and southwest of quarry. September 18, 2017.


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4.2.2 Aquatic Environment Three headwater streams originate in the general vicinity of the study area. Water levels in upper reaches of all tributaries were low and flow minimal at the time of the survey at the end of August, 2017. One of the watercourses—an unnamed permanent stream (Figures 2 & 14)—originates on the western edge of the study area, flowing north towards Westchester Road, and then flows through several hanging culverts (Figure 15) before joining Mountain Brook, one of the headwater streams of the River Phillip watershed. Mountain Brook, above the junction is shown in Figure 16. A beaver dam blocked the brook below the junction at the time of the survey. A second, intermittent, stream follows a steeply incised valley immediately east of the existing quarry (Figures 2, 17 & 18), flowing into a tributary of West Branch Wallace River in the Wallace River watershed; and a third intermittent stream, also flowing northeast, drains an area east of the study area along Westchester Road (Figures 2 & 19). None of the streams are large enough to be mapped on 1:50,000 mapping of the area. However, based on the size, bank placement, and number of culverts at sampling locations, peak flow would be moderate to high.

Figure 14. Tributary of Mountain Brook, at Site WS‐2‐1, near west margin of study area, September 1, 2017.


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Figure 15. Hanging culverts for watercourses draining the west side of the study area and vicinity of intersection of Westchester Road and Wentworth‐Collingwood Road, where they enter Mountain Brook, September 1, 2017.

Figure 16. Mountain Brook near Wentworth‐Collingwood Road, September 1, 2017.


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Figure 17. Intermittent stream east of existing quarry at Site WS‐6, September 1, 2017.

Figure 18. Substrate of intermittent stream east of quarry at Site WS‐6, September 1, 2017.


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Figure 19. Third stream exiting eastern extremity of site at WS‐7, September 1, 2017.

4.2.3 Water Quality Surface waters in natural areas sampled at the site were typical of undisturbed stream environments in upper watersheds of north central Nova Scotia; however, where adjacent to the Westchester Road and other gravel roads in the area, dust was commonly observed as a surface contaminant. All surface waters sampled showed low to moderate conductivities; low suspended sediment levels; and moderate to high oxygen levels—all sites were within normal and guideline ranges for the protection of freshwater aquatic life with the exception of Site WS‐4, which had low dissolved oxygen and % saturation values (Table 1). Characteristics of most natural waters sampled at the quarry were similar with the exception of the watercourse immediately east of the existing quarry (Site WS‐4) which has slightly elevated conductivities and suspended sediment levels and reduced oxygen levels (Table 1).


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Table 1. Water quality measurements in surface waters located at or near the Chapman Brothers Construction Limited, Westchester Quarry, Cumberland County. September 1, 2017.

SAMPLING LOCATION

WS‐1 Mountain Brook below junction with upper watershed streams

WS‐1‐1 Mountain Brook upstream of junction with

upper watershed streams1

WS‐2 Drainage from west side of

study area near Wentworth‐Collingwood

Road

WS2‐1 Permanent stream west side of study

area

Temperature °C 15.0 13.9 14.3 11.1

Dissolved Oxygen (percent saturation) 75.9 73.9 82.0 77.8

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 8.3 8.31 8.43 9.48

Conductivity (μs/cm) 40.7 58.1 35.2 29.6

Specific Conductivity (25°) (μs/cm) 50.4 52.1 44.2 40.4

pH 7.0 6.9 7.0 7.0

TSS (mg/L) 6.5 1.5 47.0 ‐

SAMPLING LOCATION

WS‐3 Drainage from

west side of study area upstream of

WS‐2

WS‐4 Upstream of box

culvert on Westchester Road

WS‐6 Upstream part of Intermittent watercourse east of quarry

WS‐7 Upstream of box

culvert on Westchester Road

Temperature °C 15.5 12.1 12.0 12.6

Dissolved Oxygen (percent saturation) 86.4 11.1 74.4 82.7

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 8.69 1.20 8.16 8.84

Conductivity (μs/cm) 36.9 103 50.2 40.9

Specific Conductivity (25°) (μs/cm) 44.8 137 67.0 53.6

pH 7.4 7.1 7.0 7.0

TSS (mg/L) 2.5 46.0 9.0 1.5 1. Located in pool upstream of a beaver dam. Note: TSS = Total Suspended Solids

4.2.4 Wetlands The site was surveyed for the occurrence of wetlands and other surface waters via walkovers by the project team. No wetlands were determined to occur in the study area or in nearby downstream areas which are supplied by flow from the site.

4.2.5 Fish & Fish Habitat All streams on the site were permanent to intermittent headwater streams, with moderate to steep gradients and low flows at the time of the survey. Good canopy cover was evident along wooded portions of the streams, but they supported sparse to negligible overhanging vegetation. Bottom substrates were a mix of fines to gravelly sand with cobble and boulder. Woody debris and logs were prevalent in upper reaches particularly at sampling sites WS2‐1 and WS6 (Map A4). The permanent stream along the western edge of the study site (Figure 2) has potential as fish rearing habitat, having permanent to intermittent flow, a moderate gradient (approximately 1:10), and no apparent obstructions to fish passage. The second stream, located east of the existing quarry, is steep (1:5) and is


17.

obstructed by a hanging and partially blocked culvert under the quarry access road. The third stream, located furthest to the east (Figure 2), had a low flow, is intermittent, has the steepest gradient (1:3) and demonstrated lowest flows at the time of the survey (late August‐early September), and consequently is not expected to be capable of supporting fish.

Downstream areas along the south side of Westchester Road and immediately northeast of the junction of Westchester Road and Wentworth‐Collingwood are in the River Philip watershed, and areas of the Wallace River watershed north of Westchester Road (Figure 2), are suitable as fish habitat. The area northeast of the junction drains south through a culvert under Westchester Road (Site WS‐2, Map A‐4) and a Lake Chub was captured in a minnow trap set there, which is the furthest upstream occurrence of fish during the study. Unidentified fish were observed during initial site reconnaissance in Mountain Brook (e.g. WS‐1 and WS1‐1, Map A‐4) and both Threespine Sticklebacks and Lake Chub were captured in overnight sets of minnow traps there (Table 2)2. A resident of the area interviewed at the time of the site visit, noted that brook trout were abundant in past in the stream section which feeds into Mountain Brook between sites WS2 and WS1)(Map A4) and that American eel had been captured in the brook further upstream. Areas further downstream from the site on Mountain Brook have good salmonid nursery habitat and potentially support various species; and several minnow species including Lake Chub (Couesius plumbeus) and Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculatus) were captured Waters in both the River Philip and Wallace River watersheds potentially contain a wide diversity of fish species, including salmonids (Atlantic Salmon, Brook Trout, Brown Trout), minnows (Lake Chub, Creek Chub, Blacknose Dace, Common Shiner & Golden Shiner, Three‐spine Stickleback and Black‐spotted Stickleback), American Eel and Lamprey (Breau and Ripley 2012). River Philip is an important river for multi‐sea year Atlantic Salmon and supports high levels of smolt production (Breau and Ripley 2012). Juvenile salmon also likely occur in the headwaters of Wallace River, including Otter Brook which joins West Branch Wallace River in the area. Blacknose Dace has a localized distribution in Nova Scotia, occurring only in watersheds in the Cobequid Hills on both the Northumberland Strait and Bay of Fundy drainages (Gilhen and Hebda 2002). The species has been sampled in both River Philip and Wallace River (Gilhen and Hebda 2002); and may occur in Mountain Brook in the vicinity of the community of Rose near the project site. The species has a Vulnerable (S3) status in Nova Scotia which means it can be susceptible to disturbance or removal due to a restricted range, relatively few populations, recent and widespread declines, or other factors.

2 Minnow traps were set for >24 hrs. overnight on August 31, 2017, in unnamed tributaries within the study area under DFO Gulf Region Permit SG‐RHQ‐17‐060 (Table 2).


18.

Table 2. Fish species, number and size based on set minnow traps in surface waters for >24 hrs, located at or near the Westchester Quarry, Cumberland County. August 31 – September 1, 2017

Site Location Time In Time Out Fish Species

Number and size of fish

(cm)

Watershed Relation to study area

WS‐1, Mountain Brook, pool above beaver dam and below junction with

upper watershed streams

1630 1200

Lake Chub 1 (5‐6 cm) 1 (6‐8 cm)

River Philip Unnamed stream west of study

site. Threespine Stickleback

1 (3‐4 cm) 2 (4‐5 cm)

WS1‐1, Mountain Brook upstream of junction with upper watershed

streams

1700 1210

Lake Chub

1 (10 cm) 1 (8 cm)

River Philip Unnamed stream west of study

site. Threespine Stickleback

25 (3‐6 cm)

WS‐2, below Westchester Rd culvert 1745 1230 Lake Chub 1 (7 cm) River Philip

Unnamed stream draining western end of study site

WS‐4, above Westchester Road box

culvert 1810 1310 None ‐ Wallace

River

Unnamed stream bordering

eastern side of active quarry

site. WS‐7, above

Westchester Road box culvert

1911 1335 None ‐ Wallace River

Unnamed stream draining eastern end of study site.

Total Fish Lake Chub (5) Threespine Stickleback (28)

4.2.6 Birds

Birds are an important component of the ecosystem in the vicinity of the Westchester Quarry. Approximately 85 bird species have been recorded potentially breeding in the study area (Maritime Breeding Bird Atlas 2017, 10 km2 grid squares 20MR34 & 20MR44)(Table 3), but additional species may breed at the site from time to time or were undetected. The number, which is a third of the total of 150 species for the Cobequid Hills / Cape Chignecto area overall, reflects a smaller range of suitable habitat types and the smaller area of the survey. Habitat types in and around the study site include mature deciduous and mixed forest, regenerating softwood and hardwood forest, agricultural fields (blueberries); open quarry and roads and working and laydown surfaces. Surveys at the site included: walkovers on June 11, 2017; a night owl survey on June 12, 2017; and ten‐minute dawn point count surveys at nine sites (Figure 20) on June 12, 2017 (0450 – 0910 hrs)(Figure 20). Barred Owls (three individuals) were identified in early morning surveys at 0400 on June 12, 2017 and one was heard during the regular survey (Table 4). A Broad‐winged Hawk was seen flying over Site 2 at 0900 on June 12; and a male‐female pair of Red‐tailed Hawks were seen soaring over the Site 9 between 0825 & 0835 hrs in the morning of June 12th.

The June point‐count survey documented 40 species (Table 4). Mature and regenerating deciduous forest, which was one of the dominant forest types in the study area, had a moderate number of species (19) with common and abundant species at these sites including Red‐eyed Vireo, Swainson’s Thrush, American Robin, American Redstart and Common Yellowthroat, with Alder Flycatcher, Black‐throated Green Warbler, and Magnolia Warbler also relatively abundant. American Robin and Swainson’s Thrush were most numerous among the seventeen species at one site between mature deciduous forest and regenerating softwood, with American Redstart, White‐throated


19.

Sparrow, Magnolia Warbler, Ruby‐crowned Kinglet, Yellow‐rumped Warbler and Alder Flycatcher relatively abundant there (Table 4). This site had the highest overall abundance of birds (101 /10 min.) due largely to the high abundances of American Robin and Swainson’s Thrush. Regenerating softwoods were a second major habitat type at the site and had the highest number of species (30) (Table 4). Common and abundant species in regenerating softwoods included: Swainson’s Thrush, Hermit Thrush, Magnolia Warbler, White‐throated Sparrow, Red‐eyed Vireo, Black‐throated Green Warbler and American Redstart, which occurred at all sites. Other relatively common and abundant species included American Robin, Ruby‐crowned Kinglet, Common Yellowthroat, Northern Flicker, Nashville Warbler, Alder Flycatcher and Yellow‐rumped Warbler (Table 4). Two sites on the edges of softwood stands next to blueberry fields at the site had moderate to high number of species (27). Common and abundant species at these sites were Magnolia Warbler, Red‐Eyed Vireo, White‐throated Sparrow, Ruby‐Crowned Kinglet, and Nashville Warbler, which occurred at both sites; while other species which were moderately abundant included Black‐throated Green Warbler, Black‐and‐White Warbler, Swainson’s Thrush, Black‐capped Chickadee, American Crow, American Redstart, American Robin, Dark‐eyed Junco, Hermit Thrush and Savannah Sparrow (Table 4). All birds except for American Woodcock and Slate‐coloured Junco, were expected based on the Maritimes Breeding Bird Atlas (2017) records for the area (Table 3).


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Table 3. Birds potentially breeding in the Cobequid Hills, Cumberland County (Survey areas 20MR34 &20MR44, Maritime Breeding Bird Atlas 2017).

Songbirds (Passeriformes)

Alder Flycatcher Common Raven Pine Siskin American Crow Common Yellowthroat Purple Finch

American Goldfinch Dark‐eyed Junco Red‐breasted Nuthatch American Redstart Eastern Phoebe Red‐eyed Vireo American Robin Eastern Wood‐Pewee Red‐winged Blackbird Bank Swallow § European Starling Rose‐breasted Grosbeak Barn Swallow Evening Grosbeak Ruby‐crowned Kinglet

Bay‐breasted Warbler Golden‐crowned Kinglet Savannah Sparrow Black‐and‐white Warbler Gray Jay Song Sparrow Blackburnian Warbler Hermit Thrush Swainson's Thrush Black‐capped Chickadee Least Flycatcher Swamp Sparrow

Black‐throated Blue Warbler Lincoln's Sparrow Tree Swallow Black‐throated Green Warbler Magnolia Warbler Veery

Blue Jay Mourning Warbler Vesper Sparrow † Blue‐headed Vireo Nashville Warbler White‐throated Sparrow Brown Creeper Northern Parula White‐winged Crossbill Cedar Waxwing Northern Waterthrush Winter Wren

Chestnut‐sided Warbler Olive‐sided Flycatcher † Yellow Warbler Chipping Sparrow Ovenbird Yellow‐bellied Flycatcher Common Grackle Palm Warbler Yellow‐rumped Warbler

Swans, Geese & Ducks (Anatidae)

American Black Duck Common Merganser Hooded Merganser‡ Ring‐necked Duck

Pheasants, Grouse and Turkeys (Galliformes, Phasianidae)

Ruffed Grouse Loons (Gaviiformes, Gaviidae) and Grebes (Podicipediformes, Podicipedidae)

Common Loon RAPTORS (FALCONIFORMES)

Hawks & Eagles (Accipitridae), Falcons (Falconidae), and Osprey (Pandionidae)

Bald Eagle ¤ Merlin Red‐tailed Hawk Broad‐winged Hawk Osprey

Woodpeckers (Piciformes, Picidae)

Black‐backed Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker Pileated Woodpecker Downy Woodpecker Northern Flicker Yellow‐bellied Sapsucker

Owls (Strigiformes, Strigidae) and Barn Owls (Strigiformes, Tytonidae)

Barred Owl Northern Saw‐whet Owl Pigeons and Doves (Columbiformes, Columbidae)

Mourning Dove Rock Pigeon SHOREBIRDS

Sandpipers & Snipes (Charadriiformes, Scolopacidae)

Spotted Sandpiper Kingfishers (Coraciiformes, Alcedinidae)

Belted Kingfisher Swifts (Apodiformes, Apodidae) and Hummingbirds (Apodiformes, Trochilidae)

Chimney Swi † Ruby‐throated Hummingbird † and ¤ indicate rare species in Maritimes ‡ a regionally rare species and § a colonial species * marine species likely only as a flyover


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Table 4. Bird species heard or observed during dawn bird surveys conducted June 12, 2017, between 04:50 and 09:10 hrs at the Westchester Quarry study site. For locations of observation points, see Figure 20.

Mature Deciduous

Forest (Site 1,3)

Regenerating Softwood

(Sites 2,4,5,8)

Mature Deciduous and Regenerating

Softwood (Site 6)

Regenerating Softwood with Blueberries (Sites 7 & 9)

No. of sites

Average/ 10 mins

No. of sites

Average/10 mins

No. of sites

Average/ 10 mins

No. of sites

Average/ 10 mins

PASSERIFORMES Alder Flycatcher 1 3.5 3 2.25 1 3 1 0.5 American Crow 0 0 2 2.25 1 1 1 1.5 American Goldfinch 1 0.5 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 American Redstart 2 1.5 4 4.5 1 8 1 2.5 American Woodcock 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 American Robin 2 2 3 6 1 30 1 10 Black‐and‐white Warbler 1 1 4 2 1 2 2 1.5 Black‐capped Chickadee 0 0 2 0.75 1 2 2 1 Black‐throated Green Warbler 1 1.5 4 3.75 0 0 2 2

Blue Jay 1 0.5 1 1.75 0 0 0 0 Cedar Waxwing 0 0 2 0.75 0 0 0 0 Chestnut‐sided Warbler 1 0.5 2 0.5 0 0 1 1 Common Grackle 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Common Raven 1 0.5 1 0.75 0 0 0 0 Common Yellowthroat 2 2 3 4.75 1 1 1 0.5 Dark‐eyed Junco 0 0 3 1.25 0 0 1 2 Eastern Wood Pewee 0 0 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 Hermit Thrush 1 0.5 4 6.25 1 1 1 2 Least Flycatcher 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 1 1.5 Magnolia Warbler 1 1.5 4 8.75 1 7 2 4.5 Mourning Dove 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nashville Warbler 0 0 3 2 0 0 2 3.5 Ovenbird 0 0 2 1.25 0 0 1 0.5 Palm Warbler 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.5 Pine Siskin 0 0 1 0.25 0 0 1 0.5 Purple Finch 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Red‐breasted Nuthatch 0 0 1 0.25 0 0 1 0.5 Red‐eyed Vireo 2 5 4 4.25 0 0 2 4 Ruby‐crowned Kinglet 1 0.5 3 2.5 1 5 2 3.5 Savannah sparrow 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Slate‐coloured Junco 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Song Sparrow 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Swainson's Thrush 2 2.5 4 13.25 1 25 2 1.5 White‐throated Sparrow 0 0 4 7 1 8 2 3.5 Yellow‐bellied Flycatcher 0 0 2 0.5 1 2 0 0 Yellow‐rumped Warbler 0 0 3 1.5 1 3 1 0.5 PICIFORMES Northern Flicker 0 0 4 1 0 0 1 1 Yellow‐bellied Sapsucker 0 0 1 0.25 0 0 1 0.5


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Table 4. Bird species heard or observed during dawn bird surveys conducted June 12, 2017, between 04:50 and 09:10 hrs at the Westchester Quarry study site. For locations of observation points, see Figure 20.

Mature Deciduous

Forest (Site 1,3)

Regenerating Softwood

(Sites 2,4,5,8)

Mature Deciduous and Regenerating

Softwood (Site 6)

Regenerating Softwood with Blueberries (Sites 7 & 9)

No. of sites

Average/ 10 mins

No. of sites

Average/10 mins

No. of sites

Average/ 10 mins

No. of sites

Average/ 10 mins

STRIGIFORMES Barred Owl 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 ACCIPITRIFORMES Ruffed Grouse 0 0 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 SUMMARY Average Abundance 25.5 81.3 101.0 52.5

Total Species per Habitat 19 30 17 27

Average Species/Site 12.5 19.5 17 18

Figure 20. Locations of point count surveys for song birds and owls, Westchester Quarry, June 12, 2017.

4.2.7 Mammals Various large and small mammals, including game and furbearing species, are found in the general vicinity of the site. Mammal species occurring regularly or occasionally at the quarry site are expected to reflect the community of the surrounding areas which includes coniferous, deciduous and mixed forest. Black Bear are common and bear


23.

scat was seen throughout the study area during walkovers. Other typical species for the area included White‐tail Deer (tracks observed); Eastern Coyote (scat observed); and individual Red Squirrel, Eastern Chipmunk and Snowshoe Hare. Deer overwinter in riparian areas of Mountain Creek and the headwaters of Otter Creek in the vicinity of the community of Rose (NS DNR, Significant Species & Habitats Database, 2017). The study area is in a Special Management Practice Zone for mainland moose (NSDNR 2012, NS Significant Species & Habitats Database, 2017), and there are records of moose occurring in the general vicinity (S. Weseloh Mckeane, NS Museum, pers. comm., 2017); however, no sightings or signs were noted during the field survey. Other mammals known to occur in the general area and within 100 kilometers of the study site include carnivores such as Canada Lynx, American Marten (both which are provincially‐listed as ‘Endangered’) and Fisher; as well as rodents and small mammals including lemmings (Southern Bog Lemming), squirrels (Southern Flying Squirrel—designated federally as Special Concern), shrews (Long‐tailed Shrew (designated federally as ‘Special Concern’), American Water Shrew and Maritime Shrew), and bats (Eastern Pipistrelle, Little Brown Myotis and Northern Long‐eared Myotis—federally and provincially designated as Endangered)(ACCDC, 2017). Species less likely to be seen on casual surveys include Little Brown, Tricoloured and Northern Long‐Eared bats, which could use the general area for foraging and may migrate through the area. Populations of both species are diminished at present due to the White Nose Syndrome in North America. Bats traditionally used the general area but targeted surveys were not carried out.

4.2.8 Reptiles and Amphibians Many of the common Nova Scotian amphibians and reptiles are expected to occur at the site. Although no wetland and limited open water habitat is present, there is suitable habitat in adjacent areas and most of the typical species for Nova Scotia likely occur from one time to another. Most of the common amphibians including various frogs, salamanders, and snakes, are expected at the site. The absence of permanent ponds in the study area would limit the occurrence of some of the frog and salamander species. Habitat is not present at the site for reptile and amphibian species of conservation concern such as Wood Turtle or Snapping Turtle. Wood Turtle is known to occur in the Wallace and River Philip rivers. Nova Scotia species and potential for occurrence at the site are shown in Table 5.

Table 5. Potential for occurrence of Nova Scotia amphibians and reptiles at Westchester Quarry. Species in bold were found at the site or potentially could breed at the site. Other species are unlikely to occur or breed

due to the absence of permanent ponds or other, suitable habitat. Source: Gilhen 1984.

FROGS SALAMANDERS SNAKES Eastern American Toad Northern Spring Peeper Bullfrog Green Frog Mink Frog Wood Frog Northern Leopard Frog

Yellow‐spotted Salamander Blue‐spotted Salamander Eastern Redback Salamander Four‐toed Salamander

Maritime Garter Snake Eastern Smooth Green Snake Northern Ringneck Snake Northern Redbelly Snake Northern Ribbon Snake

TURTLES NEWTS Snapping Turtle Wood Turtle Blandings Turtle Eastern Painted Turtle

Red‐spotted Newt (Red Eft)

4.2.9 Species at Risk Species at Risk are plants or animals whose existence is threatened or which are in danger of being threatened, by human activities or natural events. The level of concern regarding the conservation of a species in Canada, is assessed both nationally and at a regional level. Nationally, the Canadian Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) presently recommends species to be listed for legal federal protection under the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA). At the provincial level, the Nova Scotia Species at Risk Working Group completes


24.

assessments and recommendations for a species’ status. Nova Scotia maintains a list of legally protected species under the Nova Scotia Endangered Species Act. A third status list is the Nova Scotia General Status of Wild Species, which is a provincial system used as a “first‐alert tool” for identifying and prioritizing species potentially at‐risk and does not provide legal protection. General status rankings are assigned by a provincial General Status Species Assessment process based on expert scientific evaluation of a set of criteria. Species listed as “Red” (any species known to be, or believed to be, at risk), “Orange” (may be at risk), and “Yellow” (any species known to be, or believed to be, particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events) are considered priority species. Species that may be at risk of extirpation or extinction are candidates for a detailed risk assessment by COSEWIC, or provincial or territorial equivalents.

Species of conservation concern listed under federal or provincial legislation, as well as those with general status, which occur within five kilometres of the Westchester Quarry study site, include both animals and plants. In terms of animals, the mainland population of moose is of concern due to low numbers, and the species can occur in the general vicinity of the study area, which falls within a mainland moose special management area (NS DNR, 2012)3. Bird species include: Olive‐sided Flycatcher and Eastern Wood Pewee (listed under the federal Species at Risk and provincial Endangered Species acts); and Evening Grosbeak designated as ‘Special Concern’ by COSEWIC (ACCDC 2017). Eastern Wood Pewee’s prefers habitat of mature deciduous forest, such as in the northeast end of the study area, which would be foraging habitat. Evening Grosbeak occupy mature and old mixed wood forest stands (White Spruce and Trembling Aspen)—and may occur at the site but were not found in surveys. The remaining bird species of concern potentially occurring at the site are unlikely to occur at the site due to the absence of suitable habitat. Minimal natural forest is left in the study area due to logging and agricultural production of blueberries, although some of the forest at the site is regenerating and parts of the quarry expansion area support wood forest stands. Suitable habitat for Olive‐Sided Flycatcher—treed (black spruce) sphagnum bogs and wetlands surrounded by mature softwood forest stands—does not occur at the site.

Other animals of conservation concern in this part of Nova Scotia include Canada Lynx and American Marten, which are currently listed as “Endangered” under the NS Endangered Species Act; Southern Flying Squirrel and Long‐tailed Shrew, which are designated federally as a species of “Special Concern”; and bats—Eastern Pipistrelle, Little Brown Myotis and Northern Long‐eared Myotis—which are federally and provincially designated as “Endangered”. None of these animals have been documented within a 5 km radius of the study site (ACCDC, 2017). Wood Turtle, a federally‐listed species and “Threatened” in Nova Scotia, is documented as occurring within the Wallace and River Phillip watersheds of the study area (River Philip) (K. George, DNR Regional Biologist, personal communication, 2017; Nova Scotia Significant Species & Habitat Database). This species usually occurs along higher order rivers and there are no records within five kilometres of the study area (ACCDC 2017). Blacknose Dace (Rhinichthys atratulus), a minnow species which has a Vulnerable (S3) status in Nova Scotia (www.natureserve.org) principally due to its restricted distribution in Nova Scotia (in the Cobequid Highlands in both the Northumberland Strait and Bay of Fundy watersheds) occurs in the River Philip watershed in the area (Gilhen and Hebda, 2002). Brook Floater (a freshwater mussel), a species listed under COSEWIC as Special Concern and provincially listed as Threatened is known to occur in the Wallace River, west of the study area (K. George, DNR Regional Biologist, personal communication, 2017; Nova Scotia Significant Species & Habitat Database).

No vascular plant species listed under either federal species‐at‐risk legislation or provincial species‐at‐risk‐ legislation were observed on the quarry property during either the spring or the fall survey (Appendix B). No federally‐listed plant species of concern have previously been found or reported within five kilometres of the study area (ACCDC 2017); however, a provincially‐listed plant species of conservation concern with a general status rank

3 The Cobequid Mountains are part of one of the main areas of occurrence of the eastern population of moose (“Mainland Moose”) and are included a special management area for the species (NSDNR 2012).


25.

of “Sensitive”—Blood Milkwort (Polygala sanguinea)—is known to occur within five kilometres of the study area (Table 6; ACCDC 2017). Provincially listed species within 10 km of the site (Table 7) include: Red status species—Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra); orange status species—Broad‐glumed Brome (Bromus latiglumis), Showy Lady's‐Slipper (Cypripedium reginae), Wiegand's Wild Rye (Elymus wiegandii )and Northern Bedstraw (Galium boreale); yellow status species—Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia), Green Spleenwort (Asplenium trichomanes‐ramosum), Marsh Bellflower (Campanula aparinoides), Pubescent Sedge (Carex hirtifolia), Chinese Hemlock‐parsley (Conioselinum chinense), Slender Cottongrass (Eriophorum gracile), Halberd‐leaved Tearthumb (Persicaria arifolia), Climbing False Buckwheat (Fallopia scandens), Large St John's‐wort (Hypericum majus) and Prototype Quillwort (Isoetes prototypes); and green status species—Southern Mudwort (Limosella australis). None of these species were noted during the spring and fall botany surveys of the study area. A list of plants and animals of concern within a 100‐kilometer radius of the study site are included in Appendix C.


26.

Table 6. Records of species of concern within a 5 km radius of Westchester Quarry, Cumberland County. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre (ACCDC) Database, May 2017.

Family/Scientific Name Common Name

Status/Rank

SARA COSEWIC (NPROT1)

NS ESA (SPROT2)

General Status of Wild

Species Rankings3

AC CDC4 Rankings (GRANK, SRANK5)

PLANTS Polygalaceae Polygala sanguinea Blood

Milkwort 3 Sensitive G5, S3

ANIMALS‐BIRDS Fringillidae Carduelis pinus Pine Siskin 3 Sensitive G5, S2S3

Coccothraustes vespertinus

Evening Grosbeak

Special Concern

Vulnerable 4 Secure G5, S3S4B,S3N

Pinicola enucleator Pine Grosbeak

2 May be at Risk

G5, S2S3B,S5N

Paridae Poecile hudsonica Boreal

Chickadee 3 Sensitive G5, S3

Parulidae Dendroica castanea Bay‐breasted Warbler

3 Sensitive G5, S3S4B

Parulidae Dendroica tigrina Cape May Warbler

3 Sensitive G5, S2B

Regulidae Regulus calendula Ruby‐crowned Kinglet


Sittidae Sitta canadensis Red‐breasted Nuthatch

4 Secure G5, S3

Turdidae Catharus ustulatus Swainson's Thrush

4 Secure G5, S3S4B

Tyrannidae Contopus cooperi Olive‐sided Flycatcher

Threatened Threatened Threatened 1 At Risk G4, S3B

Contopus virens Eastern Wood‐Pewee

Special Concern

Special Concern

Vulnerable 3 Sensitive G5, S3S4B

Empidonax flaviventris

Yellow‐bellied

Flycatcher


1. NPROT, National conservation status of species, as designated by COSEWIC. Extinct (X) – A wildlife species that no longer exists. Extirpated (XT) ‐ A wildlife species that no longer exists in the wild in Canada but exists elsewhere. Endangered (E) ‐ A wildlife species facing imminent extirpation or extinction. Threatened (T) ‐ A wildlife species that is likely to become endangered if nothing is done to reverse the factors leading to its extirpation or extinction. Special Concern (SC) ‐ A wildlife species that may become threatened or endangered because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats. Data Deficient (DD)‐ A category that applies when the available information is insufficient (a) to resolve a wildlife species’ eligibility for assessment or (b) to permit an assessment of the wildlife species’ risk of extinction. Not At Risk (NAR) ‐ A wildlife species that has been evaluated and found to be not at risk of extinction given the current circumstances. 2. SPROT=Provincial Rank/Status of Taxon.


27.



Status/Rank


NS ESA (SPROT2)


Species Rankings3


3. General Status of Wild Species Rank listed for Nova Scotia: 0.2=Extinct (Blue); 0.1=Extirpated (Purple); 1=At Risk (Red); 2=May be at Risk (Orange); 3=Sensitive (Yellow); 4=Secure (Green); 5=Undetermined (light grey); 6=Not Assessed (dark grey); 7=Exotic (Black); 8=Accidental (Aqua). 4. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre (ACCDC). 5. GRANK, Global rarity rank of species, using CDC/NatureServe methods G1 Critically Imperiled—At very high risk of extinction or elimination due to very restricted range, very few populations or

occurrences, very steep declines, very severe threats, or other factors. G2 Imperiled—At high risk of extinction or elimination due to restricted range, few populations or occurrences, steep declines,

severe threats, or other factors. G3 Vulnerable—At moderate risk of extinction or elimination due to a fairly restricted range, relatively few populations or

occurrences, recent and widespread declines, threats, or other factors. G4 Apparently Secure—At fairly low risk of extinction or elimination due to an extensive range and/or many populations or

occurrences, but with possible cause for some concern as a result of local recent declines, threats, or other factors. G5 Secure—At very low risk or extinction or elimination due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences,

and little to no concern from declines or threats. GU Unrankable—Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status

or trends. NOTE: Whenever possible (when the range of uncertainty is three consecutive ranks or less), a range rank (e.g., G2G3) should be used to delineate the limits (range) of uncertainty.

GNR Unranked—Global rank not yet assessed. G#G# Range Rank—A numeric range rank (e.g., G2G3, G1G3) is used to indicate the range of uncertainty about the exact status of a

taxon or ecosystem type. Ranges cannot skip more than two ranks (e.g., GU should be used rather than G1G4). Q Questionable taxonomy that may reduce conservation priority—Distinctiveness of this entity as a taxon or ecosystem

type at the current level is questionable; resolution of this uncertainty may result in change from a species to a subspecies or hybrid, or inclusion of this taxon or type in another taxon or type, with the resulting taxon having a lower‐priority (numerically higher) conservation status rank. The “Q” modifier is only used at a global level and not at a national or subnational level.

C Captive or Cultivated Only—Taxon or ecosystem at present is presumed or possibly extinct or eliminated in the wild across their entire native range but is extant in cultivation, in captivity, as a naturalized population (or populations) outside their native range, or as a reintroduced population or ecosystem restoration, not yet established. The “C” modifier is only used at a global level and not at a national or subnational level. Possible ranks are GXC or GHC. This is equivalent to “Extinct” in the Wild (EW) in IUCN’s Red List terminology (IUCN 2001).

T Infraspecific Taxon (trinomial)—The status of infraspecific taxa (subspecies or varieties) are indicated by a “T‐rank” following the species' global rank. Rules for assigning T‐ranks follow the same principles outlined above. For example, the global rank of a critically imperiled subspecies of an otherwise widespread and common species would be G5T1. A T subrank cannot imply the subspecies or variety is more abundant than the species. For example, a G1T2 subrank should not occur. A vertebrate animal population, (e.g., listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act or assigned candidate status) may be tracked as an infraspecific taxon and given a T‐rank; in such cases a Q is used after the T‐rank to denote the taxon's informal taxonomic status.

SRANK, Sub‐National (Provincial) Rarity Ranks S1 Extremely rare throughout its range in the province (typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals). May be especially vulnerable to extirpation. S2 Rare throughout its range in the province (6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals). May be vulnerable to extirpation

due to rarity or other factors. S3 Uncommon throughout its range in the province, or found only in a restricted range, even if abundant in at some locations (21 to

100 occurrences). S4 Usually widespread, fairly common throughout its range in the province, and apparently secure with many occurrences, but the

Element is of long‐term concern (e.g. watch list). (100+ occurrences). S5 Demonstrably widespread, abundant, and secure throughout its range in the province, and essentially ineradicable under present conditions. S#S# Numeric range rank: A range between two consecutive numeric ranks. Denotes range of uncertainty about the exact rarity of the

Element (e.g., S1S2).


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Status/Rank


NS ESA (SPROT2)


Species Rankings3


SH Historical: Element occurred historically throughout its range in the province (with expectation that it may be rediscovered), perhaps having not been verified in the past 20 ‐ 70 years (depending on the species), and suspected to be still extant.

SU Unrankable: Possibly in peril throughout its range in the province, but status uncertain; need more information. SX Extinct/Extirpated: Element is believed to be extirpated within the province. S? Unranked: Element is not yet ranked. SA Accidental: Accidental or casual in the province (i.e., infrequent and far outside usual range). Includes species (usually birds or

butterflies) recorded once or twice or only at very great intervals, hundreds or even thousands of miles outside their usual range; a few of these species may even have bred on the one or two occasions they were recorded.

SE Exotic: An exotic established in the province (e.g., Purple Loosestrife or Coltsfoot); may be native in nearby regions. SE# Exotic numeric: An exotic established in the province that has been assigned a numeric rank. SP Potential: Potential that Element occurs in the province, but no occurrences reported. SR Reported: Element reported in the province but without persuasive documentation, which would provide a basis for either

accepting or rejecting (e.g., misidentified specimen) the report. SRF Reported falsely: Element erroneously reported in the province and the error has persisted in the literature. SZ Zero occurrences: Not of practical conservation concern in the province, because there are no definable occurrences, although

the species is native and appears regularly. An NZ rank will generally be used for long distance migrants whose occurrences during their migrations are too irregular (in terms of repeated visitation to the same locations) or transitory. In other words, the migrant regularly passes through the province, but enduring, mappable Element Occurrences cannot be defined.

Table 7. Provincially listed species of concern with potential to occur in the vicinity of the project site (~10km). Nova Scotia Museum records (S. Weseloh McKeane, NS Museum, pers. comm., 2017).

Scientific Name Common Name SARA COSEWIC (NPROT1)

NS ESA (SPROT2)

General Status of Wild Species Rankings3

AC CDC 4

Rankings (GRANK, SRANK5)

PLANTS

Anemone quinquefolia

Wood Anemone 3 Sensitive G5, S2

Asplenium trichomanes‐ramosum

Green Spleenwort 3 Sensitive G4, S3

Bromus latiglumis

Broad‐Glumed Brome

2 May Be At Risk

G5, S1

Campanula aparinoides

Marsh Bellflower 3 Sensitive G5, S3

Carex hirtifolia Pubescent Sedge 3 Sensitive G5, S2S3 Conioselinum chinense

Chinese Hemlock‐parsley

3 Sensitive G5, S2

Cypripedium reginae

Showy Lady’s Slipper

2 May Be At Risk

G4, S2

Elymus wiegandii Wiegand’s Wild Rye

2 May Be At Risk

G4G5, S1

Eriophorum gracile

Slender Cottongrass

3 Sensitive G5, S2S3


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NS ESA (SPROT2)


AC CDC 4


Fallopia scandens Climbing False Buckwheat

3 Sensitive G5, S3

Fraxinus nigra Black Ash Threatened 1 At Risk G5, S1S2 Galium boreale Northern

Bedstraw 2 May Be At

Risk G5, S2

Hypericum majus Large St. John’s‐wort

3 Sensitive G5, S2

Isoetes prototypes

Prototype Quillwort

Special Concern

Special Concern

Vulnerable 3 Sensitive G2G3, S2

Limosella australis

Southern Mudwort

4 Secure G4G5, S3

Persicaria arifolia Halberd‐leaved Tearthumb

3 Sensitive G5, S2

ANIMALS‐BIRDS

Botaurus lentiginosus

American Bittern 3 Sensitive G4, S3S4B

Charadrius vociferus

Killdeer 3 Sensitive G5, S3B

Dumetella carolinensis

Gray Catbird 2 May Be At Risk

G5, S3B

Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon Special Concern

Special Concern

Vulnerable 3 Sensitive G4T4, S1B,SNAM

Gallinago delicata

Wilson’s Snipe 3 Sensitive G5, S3B

Gavia immer Common Loon ‐ G5, S4B, S4N‐ Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Threatened Endangered 1 At Risk G5, S2S3B Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

Cliff Swallow 2 May Be at Risk

G5, S2S3B

Perisoreus canadensis

Gray Jay 3 Sensitive G5, S3

Pheucticus ludovicianus

Rose‐breasted Grosbeak


Picoides arcticus

Black‐backed Woodpecker

3 Sensitive G5, S3S4

Poecile hudsonica

Boreal Chickadee 3 Sensitive G5, S3

Pooecetes gramineus

Vesper Sparrow 2 May Be At Risk

G5, S2B

Regulus calendula

Ruby‐crowned Kinglet


Regulus satrapa Golden‐crowned Kinglet

3 Sensitive G5, S5

Riparia riparia Bank Swallow Threatened 2 May Be At Risk

G5, S2S3B

Sayornis phoebe Eastern Phoebe 3 Sensitive G5, S4B Tachycineta bicolo

Tree Swallow 3 Sensitive G5, S4B

1. NPROT, National conservation status of species, as designated by COSEWIC. Extinct (X) – A wildlife species that no longer exists.


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NS ESA (SPROT2)


AC CDC 4


Extirpated (XT) ‐ A wildlife species that no longer exists in the wild in Canada, but exists elsewhere. Endangered (E) ‐ A wildlife species facing imminent extirpation or extinction. Threatened (T) ‐ A wildlife species that is likely to become endangered if nothing is done to reverse the factors leading to its extirpation or extinction. Special Concern (SC) ‐ A wildlife species that may become threatened or endangered because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats. Data Deficient (DD)‐ A category that applies when the available information is insufficient (a) to resolve a wildlife species’ eligibility for assessment or (b) to permit an assessment of the wildlife species’ risk of extinction. Not At Risk (NAR) ‐ A wildlife species that has been evaluated and found to be not at risk of extinction given the current circumstances. 2. SPROT=Provincial Rank/status of taxon & Provincial GS Rank. 3. National General Status of Wild Species Rank listed for Nova Scotia: 0.2=Extinct (Blue); 0.1=Extirpated (Purple); 1=At Risk (Red); 2=May be at Risk (Orange); 3=Sensitive (Yellow); 4=Secure (Green); 5=Undetermined (light grey); 6=Not Assessed (dark grey); 7=Exotic (Black); 8=Accidental (Aqua). 4. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre (ACCDC). 5. GRANK, Global rarity rank of species, using CDC/Nature Serve methods; SRANK, Sub‐National (Provincial) Rarity Rank.

4.2.10 Natural Areas & Wilderness The Westchester area was occupied first by Mi’kmaq and then by settlers of European and American origin, the latter who developed the landscape, establishing communities based on agriculture and logging. Much of the local landscape has been modified by these activities, and remaining parcels of original forest are fragmented through the area. Two larger collections of Crown Land Parcels on the south slope of the Cobequid Mountains in the general vicinity of the site form wilderness areas either proposed or established by the Province—the Economy River Wilderness Area located to the southwest, and the Portapique River Wilderness area, located to the south, representing intact forest stands and landscapes (Figure 21). The Portapique Wilderness Area located about 4 km south of the site contains the only designated old forests in the immediate vicinity of the site. Although there is a patch of mature forest on the southeast side of the study area, it is not connected to other, similar stands and is outside the proposed expansion area. Residents in the area experience nature and wildlife daily and it is part of the local cultural environment.

4.3 HUMAN USES OF THE ENVIRONMENT

4.3.1 Mi’kmaq The Mi’kmaq maintain aboriginal claim to all of the landmass of Nova Scotia and the Province of Nova Scotia maintains a policy requesting that proponents of industrial development projects consult with the Mi’kmaq concerning proposed industrial projects and activities. Chapman Brothers Construction Limited has contacted First Nations representatives concerning the present Westchester Quarry expansion project. The nearest Mi’kmaq community to the quarry is Millbrook First Nation, located approximately 40 km southeast; and the unoccupied Franklin Manor‐22 Mi’kmaq reserve is in Cumberland County north of Parrsboro, approximately 55 km west of the study site. The 4.1 km2 Franklin Manor reserve is managed by two bands, Pictou Landing First Nation and Paq’tnkek First Nation.


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There are two Mi’kmaq tribal councils in Nova Scotia: the Confederacy of Mainland Mi'kmaq (CMM) and Union of Nova Scotia Indians (UNSI). CMM is a not‐for‐profit organization incorporated in 1986, whose mission is to promote and assist Mi’kmaq communities. The UNSI, created in 1969, was formed to provide a cohesive political

voice for Mi’kmaq people. The Native Council of Nova Scotia (NCNS) represents Mi’kmaq people living off reserve. The NCNS is a self‐governing agency located in Truro. The Office of Aboriginal Affairs in Nova Scotia estimates that approximately 35% of Mi’kmaq live off reserve. The goal of NCNS is “to operate and administer a strong and effective Aboriginal Peoples Representative Organization that serves, advocates and represents our community.”

The Mi’kmaq Rights Initiative (Kwilmu'kw Maw‐klusuaqn; KMK) also represents Mi’kmaq. The mission of KMK—

whose name means, “we are seeking consensus”—is “to address the historic and current imbalances in the relationship between Mi'kmaq and non‐Mi'kmaq people in Nova Scotia and secure the basis for an improved quality of Mi'kmaq life.” KMK’s objective is to negotiate between the Mi’kmaq of Nova Scotia, the province and the Government of Canada, and operates from its main office in Millbrook. The Atlantic First Nations Environmental Network (AFNEN) is an environmental organization of Mi’kmaq communities and organizations. The CMM and UNSI are members and the Mi’kmaq Confederacy of PEI in Charlottetown is currently the acting coordinator. The AFNEN includes a representative from each Mi’kmaq organization and community interested in environmental issues. The Network meets regularly during the year through meetings, conferences, and the Internet to discuss environmental matters or concerns.

4.3.2 Population and Economy Local economies in Cumberland County are tied primarily to agriculture and forestry, and their communities face some of the same challenges as elsewhere in rural Nova Scotia, including lack of economic growth and an aging population (Nova Scotia Open Data Portal 2017). Agriculture is dominated by wild blueberry harvesting. Oxford Frozen Foods, located in Oxford (the “blueberry capital of Canada”) 19 kilometers northwest of Westchester, operates a processing plant and manages 12,000 acres of blueberries—employing 1000 and the largest employer in Cumberland County. Health care and social assistance, mineral resources, and construction are also significant sectors in Cumberland County providing important sources of income. The annual median income for the County is $38,433 CDN—lower than the median family income for Nova Scotia ($73,900) (Statistics Canada Online 2017).

Cumberland County has a rural population of approximately 30,005, with a low population density of approximately 7.0/km2 (2016, Statistics Canada). The population has been slowly declining for the past several decades and has decreased 4.3% since 2011. Westchester Station is the nearest community, located east of the site, and the Town of Oxford (population 1190, located approximately 20 kilometers north) is the closest major centre. Springhill and Amherst (population 9,700) are approximately 20 and 40 kilometers northwest of the quarry respectively.

4.3.3 Water Supply and Residential Wells Permanent homes and seasonal residences in the vicinity of the Westchester Quarry typically have dug wells or transport water to the site, and occasionally have drilled wells. Only two drilled wells in the general vicinity of the quarry were identified in the Nova Scotia well logs database and through conversations with landowners. One at 2723 Westchester Road is slightly more than 800 m from the existing quarry, and the second on North Road, is about 1.8 km (Nova Scotia Groundwater Atlas, Kennedy and Fisher 2013). Parts of the expanded quarry (i.e. the northwest corner) will, however, be closer than 800 m to the first well. The next closest drilled well associated with an occupied dwelling is located about 2 km northwest of the quarry at 1024 North Road. Two drilled wells not associated with houses are found at 1.5 and 2.2 km south and southeast of the quarry. Several small cabins and camps located along Westchester Road northwest of the quarry, have dug wells or transport water. The local watersheds are not part of any municipal water supply system.


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4.3.4 Land Use Land in the vicinity of the quarry is predominantly rural residential but includes forestry, agricultural, and commercial use (e.g. quarries, blueberry outbuildings & warehouses)(Map A2). Population density is not high in the area, and most of the homes are located along Wentworth‐Collingwood Road and side roads in the community of Rose. A blueberry transfer and shipping warehouse is located at 3392 Wentworth Collingwood (near the intersection with Highway 104). A telecommunications tower is located on the height of land immediately south of the study area. Highway 104 is a major corridor for local traffic and to access larger centres including Amherst and Truro as well as the Fundy shore. The majority of land in the vicinity is privately owned with several parcels of Crown land in the general vicinity (Map A3).

4.3.5 Hunting and Trapping Wildlife species characteristic of Cumberland County and Nova Scotia in general are expected to occur at the site, and lands in the vicinity of the Westchester Quarry are potentially used for hunting Black Bear and White‐tailed deer, as well as for trapping various furbearer species, which is a common commercial activity in the Cobequid Hills and other areas with a high proportion of undeveloped land. Ruffed Grouse and muskrat are among the most trapped or hunted upland game and furbearer species in Cumberland County, with White‐tailed deer, Snowshoe Hare and beaver also commonly hunted and trapped. A summary of reported harvests for hunted game species in Cumberland County is presented in Table 8. Black Bear are common in the region, and Cumberland has the highest calculated harvest of Black Bear for the province. Deer harvest in Cumberland County is fifth highest for the province.


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Table 8. Five‐year cumulative summary of wildlife harvested in Cumberland County and Nova Scotia (2011 – 2016).

Animal Cumberland Harvest Provincial Harvest (%) of Provincial Harvest

LARGE MAMMALS

Deer (2010 – 2015) 3872 58,099 7.0 Black Bear (does not included snaring) 248 1737 12.0

UPLAND GAME

Snowshoe Hare 5871 352,605 1.7

Ruffed Grouse 16,011 222,699 7.2

Ring‐necked Pheasant 1695 23,604 7.2

FUR HARVEST

Beaver 3103 22,114 14.0

Muskrat 16,745 82,662 20.3

Otter 132 2370 5.6

Mink 396 7424 5.3

Bobcat 269 4107 6.5

Fox 500 2585 19.3

Racoon 2003 11,197 17.9

Skunk 25 293 8.5

Squirrel 442 8269 5.3

Weasel 394 3742 10.5

Coyote 1106 10,347 10.7

Lynx 3 58 5.2

Marten 0 36 0.0

Fisher 176 815 21.6

Total Furbearers 25,294 156,019 16.2

4.3.6 Forestry Forestry is historically one of the main uses of land in Cumberland County. Presently, about 7.5% (approximately 540 individuals) of Cumberland County’s workforce is employed in forestry, agriculture, hunting and fishing (Nova Scotia Open Data Portal, 2017). Much of the study area and adjoining properties have been cut at one time or another, including recently (i.e. within the past 5 years).

4.3.7 Recreational, Commercial, and Mi’kmaq Fishing Recreational fishing provides an important resource and pastime for residents of Cumberland County. Both River Philip and Wallace River support recreational trout and salmon populations, and the headwaters including Mountain Brook and West Branch Wallace River are used for recreational fishing. Mi’kmaq may use the fishery resource as well from time to time, in particular in downstream areas, although no specific information on local fishing activity was identified. There are no commercial fisheries in the vicinity of the Westchester Quarry.

4.3.8 Historical, Archaeological and Palaeontological Resources Mi’kmaq have occupied parts of Nova Scotia since the last glaciation, which ended 11,500 years ago. Ancestors of the present population likely traveled throughout the Cobequid Mountains and were found in the Westchester


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area. Evidence of early Mi’kmaq presence is shown by the discovery of a precontact quartz projectile point (arrow head) about 2 km north of the site, reported by a local landowner approximately 1 km north of the junction of the Wentworth Collingwood and Westchester Roads (Davis MacIntyre and Associates 2017). The Belmont/Debert ‘pre‐contact’ archaeological site, which is some 30 km southeast, contains evidence of activities which would have followed glaciation and movement of caribou into Nova Scotia, in the Sa’qewe’l L’nu’k or Paleo‐Indian Period (Davis MacIntyre and Associates 2017, Appendix D). Development of the culture in response to changes to the environment and landscape after the earliest occupation led to the orientation to a more maritime subsistence and settlement focused more towards coastal areas, lakes, and rivers, but also including interior sites, over a period of from 9000 to 3000 years before present. From about 3000 to 500 years before present, the Mi’kmaq were a maritime people, with evidence of their occupation of shorelines and navigable watercourses, although terrestrial hunting and foraging was also practiced during this period (Davis MacIntyre and Associates 2017, Appendix D). Arrival of Europeans led to interactions which included increased hunting of fur‐bearing animals for trade. The Mi’kmaq remained an influential social and political force into the 18th century. The Mi’kmaq inhabited the territory known as Mi’kma’ki or Megumaage, which included all of Nova Scotia including Cape Breton, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick (north of the Saint John River, the Gaspe region of Quebec, part of Maine and southwestern Newfoundland).

The first recorded European settlement in the Westchester Valley near the study site was the occupation by the United Empire Loyalists in the late‐ 1700s. In October 1784, Loyalist refugees were given two land grants in Cumberland County, one of which—the 31,750 acres in the Cobequid Hills—became “Westchester” (Davis MacIntyre and Associates 2017). The area remained settled over the years, experiencing changes in land clearing and agricultural development as well as construction of roads and a railway connection (Westchester Station) located northeast of the site; then followed a gradual decline as a result of population and industrial shifts similar to that experienced in many other rural areas of Nova Scotia. Presently the Westchester area is occupied by low densities of rural residences and farms, some of which are occupied by families bearing the names of the early settlers. The Westchester Mountain Pioneer Cemetery, located 3.8 km southeast of the quarry on the Westchester Road, has become a landmark and is maintained as an attraction, and has a parking area for visitors.

Except for the presence of several stone piles and a foundation located at the extreme southwest corner of the study area, no archaeological or Mi’kmaq features of significance were identified in field surveys of the site conducted in 2017 (Davis MacIntyre and Associates 2017, Appendix D).

4.3.9 Parks and Protected Areas Local residents and visitors to Cumberland County access lakes, rivers and forest areas in the vicinity of the quarry for outdoor recreation such as boating (e.g. kayaking and canoeing), camping, hiking, snowshoeing, swimming, as well as hunting and fishing (Nova Scotia Department of Environment, Online, 2017). There are wilderness or protected areas in the Cobequid Hills in general area of the quarry site, including: Portapique River Wilderness Area about 4 km south (pending designation for expansion); Economy River Wilderness Area (pending designation); Polly Brook Wilderness Area (designated); Slade Lake Protected Area (designated); and Steepbank Brook Nature Reserve (pending designation) (Figure 21).

Portapique River Wilderness Area is located in Cumberland and Colchester counties approximately 6 kilometers southeast of the quarry site. The Area covers 2,060 hectares and provides protection for old forests; habitat for a rare fish species (Blacknose Dace); source waters for the Portapique River—a significant salmon river—and represents the unique geological landscape of the Cobequid Highlands. This regionally significant wilderness area provides good opportunities for recreational use such as hiking and fishing. An additional 1,096 hectares are pending designation on the east, southeast and west boundaries of the existing wilderness area.


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Economy River Wilderness Area is located in Cumberland and Colchester counties, less than 10 kilometers southwest of the quarry site. The existing designated area covers 6,063‐hectares and there are an additional 5,747‐hectares currently pending designation as wilderness area. The area encompasses the steep escarpment of the Cobequid Fault, significant waterfalls, flat hilltop features with occasional lakes, rare and uncommon flora, sensitive lichens, and species at risk fauna. This area is considered important recreationally as an excellent location for wilderness hiking and camping. It is linked with other trail systems via a footbridge above Economy Falls.

Of the remaining wilderness and recreational areas in the general vicinity of the Westchester Quarry, the newly designated Polly Brook Wilderness Area is northwest of the quarry and consists of a 781‐hectare wilderness area in Cumberland County (Figure 21). The area is considered ideal for hiking and camping. A small nature reserve area surrounding Slade Lake in Cumberland County (Figure 21) is located approximately 16 kilometers northwest of the study site. Slade Lake Nature Reserve is a prime ecological area consisting of a forested area with karst topography (i.e. sink holes and vernal pools) and rare flora, including Eastern White Cedar, a Provincially‐listed species at risk. Steepbank Brook Nature Reserve (203 hectares) is located in Cumberland County, approximately 14 km north‐northwest of the quarry site (Figure 21). It encompasses a mixed forest area, which includes Eastern White Cedar, as well as small wetlands.

Figure 21. Parks and protected areas in the vicinity of Westchester Quarry.


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4.3.10 Recreational/Cultural Features Residents and visitors of the Cumberland County occasionally access the surrounding forest, lakes and rivers within the vicinity of the quarry study site for outdoor recreation including boating, camping, hiking and snowshoeing, swimming, as well as some hunting and fishing (Nova Scotia Department of Environment, Online, 2017). Existing woods roads and other small side roads allow access. Nearby areas such as the Portapique Wilderness Area, and the Second River Falls trail found ~ 6 km west of the site provide outdoor recreation opportunities (Figure 21). No notable recreation or cultural businesses have been identified in the immediate vicinity of the site. Neighboring wilderness areas and trail systems within emphasize the importance of outdoor recreation and nature appreciation for the area and in Nova Scotia.

4.3.11 Residential Use On overall low density of private single‐family residences, farms and associated farm buildings, and seasonal residences (“camps”) occur along main roads in the general vicinity of the site, and in particular a number of seasonal residences and camps are concentrated in the vicinity of the intersection of the Westchester Road and the Wentworth‐Collingwood Road (Maps A‐2 & A‐3), which reflect the original population centre in the community of Rose. “Camps” may be used at all times of the year, in particular for summer and winter recreation, and during the hunting season. Four seasonal residences are located on the east side of Westchester Road between the Westchester Quarry and the Wentworth‐Collingwood Road intersection; and one on the west side (2723 Westchester Road), the latter which is a former farmstead but currently occupied only seasonally. The nearest buildings to the site are an unoccupied farm at 2723 Westchester Road, and a camp at 2724 Westchester Road, both more than 800 m from the existing quarry. Parts of the expanded quarry (i.e. the northwest corner) will, however, be closer than 800 m to both residences. Another seasonal residence on Westchester Road is a former one‐room schoolhouse building for the community of Rose. Two permanent residences are located 1.8 km from the quarry on the North Road located northwest of the intersection (‘Rose Corner’). Seasonal residences are occupied at various times of year.

4.3.12 Commercial/Industrial Development Aggregate and asphalt from the Westchester Quarry is used locally, in particular for local highway maintenance as well as for projects further afield. Businesses in the general vicinity of the study area and neighbouring areas include Braggs Lumber Company Limited (1536 Wyvern Rd, Collingwood Corner, NS B0M 1E0), McCormick's syrup (820 Rodney Rd, Springhill, NS B0M 1X0), National Trailer Sales (3548 Windham Hill Rd, River Philip, NS B0M 1V0), and Doug Bragg Enterprises (96 Bragg Rd, Collingwood Corner, NS B0M 1E0). The Collingwood & District Volunteer Fire Department is located at 70 Wentworth‐Collingwood Road. A blueberry transfer and shipping warehouse is located at 3392 Wentworth Collingwood (near the intersection with Highway 104). Businesses in the Westchester Station area about 10 km east include Dobson Payson Lumber and Bentley’s Maple Syrup and Blueberries. Quarries operated by Ray McCormick and Sons Ltd. and Municipal Enterprises are located on the Wentworth‐Collingwood Road approximately 6 km west of the quarry site in the community of Jackson. A communications (“cell”) tower is located on Westchester Mountain southeast of the site. No other industrial developments are noted for the neighbouring area.

4.3.13 Tourism and Viewscape Wentworth‐Collingwood Road is an important—though minor—travel route for tourists. The quarry is visible from both Wentworth Collingwood Road and Westchester Road in several places (Figures 22‐24), and access is inconspicuous (Figures 22). The general vicinity of the site is expected to be visited by low numbers of tourists’ enroute to parks and wilderness areas, as well as visiting historical attractions such as the Westchester Pioneer Cemetery.


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Figure 22. Westchester Road and entrance to Westchester Quarry on right, May 21, 2017.

Figure 23. View of the Westchester Quarry from Wentworth‐Collingwood Road, May 21 2017.


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Figure 24. Westchester Quarry as seen from Westchester Road at Wentworth‐Collingwood Road, looking southeast, May 21, 2017.

4.3.14 Transportation The Wentworth‐Collingwood Road is a connector highway that runs east‐west through the Cobequid Hills, in particular connecting with Highway 104 on the east, and with the Springhill and Oxford area on the north. Access to the Wentworth‐Collingwood Road from the quarry is via Westchester Road, a gravel surface connector highway (Figure 24). Operations at the Westchester Quarry will increase traffic load on both roads, mainly on Westchester Road and a short stretch of Wentworth‐Collingwood Road before the junction with Highway 104. Traffic volumes for the Wentworth‐Collingwood were not determined; however the connecting Oxford‐Wyvern highway (at Collingwood Corner), had only moderate average daily traffic volumes (ADT) in summer in 2007, 2013 and 2016 of 1,508, 734, and 1,480 vehicles/day respectively (NSTIR Traffic Volumes Data, Nova Scotia Open Data Portal 2017). Annual average daily traffic for that section was 1,130, 530, and 1,140 vehicles/day in those years respectively (Nova Scotia Open Data Portal 2017). Traffic is expected to be generally local. When in operation, the quarry will contribute truck traffic and some heavy equipment traffic (e.g. crushers, asphalt trucks etc.) in the vicinity of the site, typically in the summer / fall construction season, consistent with previous operational traffic activity. Trucks leaving the quarry and traveling along Westchester Road potentially can encounter vehicles from seasonal residents of Westchester Road.


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5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, SIGNIFICANCE, AND MITIGATION

5.1 ASSESSMENT APPROACH AND METHODS Information for the assessment was obtained from consultants’ personal knowledge, from reviews of available information, and knowledge of the purpose and proposed design of the project. The environmental assessment follows Guide to Preparing an EA Registration Document for Pit and Quarry Developments in Nova Scotia (NSE September 2009) and uses assessment methodology typical for environmental assessment screenings of this kind. For this assessment a list of valued environmental components (VECs)4 (also known as VCs)5, and project activities and outcomes for the expansion of the existing quarry were developed, and the potential for interactions of these activities with VECs was identified. Where interactions were identified, and there was potential for significant impacts if mitigation was not undertaken, mitigating actions or activities have been suggested that will avoid the impact or reduce it to acceptable levels before the project proceeds. The process ensures that all potentially significant impacts on VECs are identified and all potential impacts on them have been considered, and sufficient mitigation planned.

5.2 VALUED ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS The list of Valued Environmental Components considered for the assessment, and interactions with project components, are presented in Table 9. The environmental effects and potential impacts of the project along with their significance and suggested mitigations are outlined in the following and are summarized in Tables 10 & 11.

Table 9. Valued Environmental Components (VECs) for Westchester Quarry Expansion.

BIOPHYSICAL SOCIO‐ECONOMIC

Air Quality, Noise and Light Mi’kmaq Groundwater Recreation, Tourism & Viewscape Hydrology Recreational, Commercial & Mi’kmaq Fishing

Water Quality Archaeological, Cultural and Historical Freshwater Aquatic Environments Land Use and Value

Wetlands Transportation Fish & Fish Habitat Residential Use

Flora & Fauna & Habitat Commercial /Industrial Use Species at Risk Water Supplies & Residential Wells

Natural Areas & Wilderness Parks & Protected Areas Forestry, Hunting & Trapping

4 Valued Environmental Components (VECs) are features or things in the environment, which are particularly important either ecologically, socially, economically or culturally. The environmental assessment addresses potential interactions of the project with each VEC, and assesses potential impacts. The process followed involves identifying all the activities or outcomes of the project which interact with each VEC, and then determining and rating the magnitude of the impact in a standard way, in this case in a manner guided by standard approaches that have been developed for environmental assessments.

5 Valued Environmental Components (VECs) and Valued Components (VCs) are equivalent. Use of the acronym VC is occurring more commonly as a result of its use in environmental assessments carried out under the federal environmental assessment process under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (2012).


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5.3 SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

5.3.1 Mi’kmaq The Mi’kmaq maintain a general interest in all lands in Nova Scotia and claim they have never surrendered, ceded or sold the Aboriginal title, and that they claim all of Nova Scotia. As co‐owners of the land and its resources, they expect that any potential impacts to rights and title be addressed. The Mi’kmaq maintain a general interest in all lands in Nova Scotia and claim they have never surrendered, ceded, or sold the Aboriginal title, and that they claim all of Nova Scotia. As co‐owners of the land and its resources, they expect that any potential impacts to rights and title be addressed. Mi’kmaq occupied much of Nova Scotia prior to European contact, and lands were used to varying degrees for habitation, hunting and fishing. In more recent times, treaties made with the British and continued through Canadian law have maintained their rights. The location of the quarry, which is inland in Cumberland County along the north slope of the Cobequid Hills, in the headwaters of important rivers leading to coasts of both the Northumberland Strait and the Bay of Fundy, would have been used by the Mi’kmaq, demonstrated by the finding of an ancient Mi’kmaq projectile point not far from the study site. However there is low potential for occurrence of archaeological resources at the quarry site itself.

The land proposed to be used for expansion of the Westchester Quarry has been modified by past forestry, historical land clearing and trails for access to the area, and is not likely to be used by Mi’kmaq traditional or modern uses. Best management practices will reduce any potential impacts quarry activities may have on water quality and quantity and the site will be restored after use. The land area affected is small in relation to the available wildlife and agricultural land resource, and consequently the cumulative effects of land use at the site will be small.

5.3.2 Recreational Activities Several property owners along Westchester Road interviewed and contacts made during field surveys indicated that the area is used for typical recreational activities such as barbeques, use of ATVs, snowmobiling, hunting and fishing, as well as walking. Recreational use may consist of enjoyment of properties used as summer cottages and camps and general enjoyment of home‐based recreation (eg. gardening). Noise, traffic, and associated vehicle safety concerns and dust could interfere with enjoyment of residents in the area. Operations at the quarry would be cyclic, however, likely occupying several weeks during the construction season when the site is active. There is a general public acceptance in rural areas such as this one, of heavy industry such as quarrying, trucking and logging, which are important economic generators. Although quarry operations would interfere in this way in recreational uses around the quarry, the frequency and scope of operations at the quarry is not expected to increase from past use, and any impact on normal activities of residents as a result of the proposed quarry expansion are expected to be negligible.

5.3.3 Tourism and Viewscape The quarry would have little influence on tourism and viewscape. The property is located approximately one kilometer from the Wentworth‐Collingwood Road, and is not prominently visible from the highway or Westchester Road. Truck and equipment traffic on Westchester Road and on the Wentworth‐Collingwood Road leading to Highway 104 is expected to be the main interaction with tourists, and levels of tourist traffic are expected to be exceedingly small. Traffic from the Westchester Quarry is expected to be occasional, will be similar now as in the future, and would likely be only a minor impediment to tourist vehicle traffic in the area. The quarry access road entrance on the Westchester Road has good sightlines. Overall the impacts on viewscape and tourism are expected to be negligible.


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5.3.4 Recreational, Commercial & Mi’kmaq Fishing Recreational fishing for trout takes place in headwater streams at the site, including Mountain Brook and Otter Brook, all near the Wentworth‐Collingwood Road and not in the immediate vicinity of the quarry. Mi’kmaq potentially could fish here, although no such activity was identified. There are no commercial fisheries in the general area of the quarry. Dust from quarry operations and from the use of the Westchester Road, potentially could impact water quality and indirectly affect recreational fishing. Motor vehicle accidents are possible sources of contamination which also potentially impacts waters supporting fish in the area. The quarry expansion is proposed to avoid the two streams originating there; however quarry development may lead to slightly reduced flows in the streams, which in turn would impact fish and fishing returns. The quarry project will not directly affect fish habitat or fishing activities of residents and Mi’kmaq at the site.

5.3.5 Archaeological/Cultural/Historical The land proposed for the quarry expansion has low potential for pre‐contact and/or early historic Mi’kmaq or European archaeological resources. The area was not settled by Europeans until late in the 17th century and not intensely settled until more recently. Features of early European settlement found in the archaeological survey of the site (Davis MacIntyre and Associates 2017, Appendix D) were not considered to have archaeological significance except on the western edge where a site of possible interest was found; however the quarry expansion would not include the area of concern. Conseqeuently the project is not likely to discover or disturb cultural/historical/archaeological features.

5.3.6 Land Use and Value Forestry, mixed agriculture, aggregate production, wildlife resources for hunting and trapping, as well as small rural‐residential properties, are the major land uses in area. The land on the site is not good for agriculture, and aggregate production, forestry and blueberry production are among the only potential commercial uses of the area. The existing quarry does not interfere with access to adjacent blueberry fields and does not interfere with production. The area has a moderate value for wind energy extraction but the two uses could be accommodated, particularly after site restoration has been completed. Areas not required for the quarry will be preserved if possible to assist in maintaining forest ecosystems for forestry production, and to buffer adjacent areas from quarry activities. Quarry activities are not expected to impact existing residential, agricultural, industrial or conservation use of nearby areas. As there are few properties in the vicinity of the quarry and they are some distance away, there are not expected to be impacts on residential property values. The quarry will provide economic development in the area and a source of aggregate for local construction projects.

5.3.7 Transportation The quarry generates a fluctuating moderate level of truck traffic on highways in the area, but activity levels are not expected to increase as the result of the expansion, and consequently the quarry is not expected to change the existing traffic volumes significantly. Transport of crushing and asphalt production equipment to and from the site prior to and after a production phase leads to short‐term delays in traffic caused by the often slower‐moving equipment. Heavy trucks moving through the area and trucks turning can be a hazard to local traffic. Existing traffic volumes on the Westchester Road and Wentworth‐Collingwood Roads are low. Suitable advance signage along the highway (e.g.” trucks turning”) to alert the general public and local farm operators, as well as the surrounding communities, would help avoid dangerous situations. Trucks leaving the quarry and traveling along Westchester Road pose a safety hazard for seasonal residents and appropriate signage should be placed, and speed limits recommended between the quarry and the Wentworth‐Collingwood Road intersection. Overall, however, the impact of the project on transportation and safety is expected to be minimal. Although movement of heavy


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equipment to the site for aggregate and asphalt production may lead to short‐term delays, the duration will be less than experienced during typical roadwork projects and will be therefore insignificant.

5.3.8 Residential Use Quarry activities can potentially interfere with normal use and enjoyment of nearby residential properties by creating background noise (truck and heavy equipment engines, back‐up signals, engine brakes, generators, crusher operations); through the generation of dust along Westchester Road; and through truck and equipment traffic, which some residents may find objectionable and a safety concern. The property is located approximately 1 km from the nearest permanent residences and noise from the quarry would reach them. Truck traffic from the quarry would also create noise levels which would impact local residents. Activities at the quarry would be limited in time seasonally (approximately March to November) typically during the day, although nighttime operations are also likely. Traffic volumes from the site would be moderate, and high frequency of truck traffic would be an irregular occurrence, depending on the supply requirements for particular projects. Dust from operations is unlikely to reach residential areas except from that generated along Westchester Road. Quarry activities such as blasting, are not expected to impact residential wells, as they are located at a significant distance from the site. Nighttime activities will involve minimal additional lighting and noise, and will be unlikely to be a significant disturbance to local residents.

5.3.9 Commercial/Industrial Use The nearest commercial operations / businesses are quarries in the Jackson area, a blueberry warehouse near the junction of Hwy 104, and several businesses in the Westchester Station area. Activities at the quarry site will contribute to traffic in the area but will not likely affect other operations to a significant degree. Blueberry operations including trucking and movement of agricultural equipment will encounter increased truck traffic along the Wentworth‐Collingwood Road and congestion when the quarry is operating at peak capacity. The quarry contributes to net economic benefit in the community through supporting local trucking operations and providing access to aggregate and other quarry products. A nearby cell tower will not be affected by proposed blasting.

5.3.10 Water Supplies and Residential Wells Permanent homes and seasonal residences in the vicinity of the Westchester Quarry typically have dug wells or transport water, and occasionally have drilled wells. Only two drilled wells in the general vicinity of the quarry were identified in the Nova Scotia well logs database and through conversations with landowners. One at 2723 Westchester Road is slightly more than 800m from the existing quarry, and the second on North Road, is about 1.8 km from the quarry. Parts of the expanded quarry (i.e. the northwest corner) will, however, be closer than 800 m to the first well and it is expected well water quality there will not be affected and will be monitored. Quarry activities are not expected to impact residential wells, in particular occasional blasting, as they are located at a sufficient distance. Groundwater recharge generated by the quarry is of high quality (low conductivity and dissolved solids and neutral in pH). The footprint of the quarry and the proposed expansion involves a small part of the watershed and near‐surface groundwater reserves that would serve dug wells for residences along Westchester Road, and dug wells are not expected to be affected. Best management practices for operations will be undertaken to eliminate the potential for any contamination of aquifers at the site. There are no municipal water supplies in the area.

5.3.11 Parks and Protected Areas The quarry site is sufficiently distant from Wilderness Areas in the Cobequid Hills (Portapique River and Economy River Wilderness areas) and is not within their watersheds. The quarry does not interfere with access to either site.


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It is unlikely that noise from the quarry will reach these sites. There are no other parks or protected areas in the vicinity of the site.

5.3.12 Resource Use—Forestry, Hunting & Trapping Use of the land for a quarry will remove the potential for logging, hunting and trapping at the site for many years, except for forest removal prior to land clearing prior to the quarry expansion. After the quarry is closed and the land rehabilitated, forest communities are expected to reestablish. There are no areas of mature forest in the proposed expansion area which will be altered as the result of the expansion; forests there are in various stages of regeneration and fragmentation after previous logging activity. Maintenance of forested buffers around the quarry will assist in maintaining some wildlife habitat and in minimizing effects on adjacent areas. Most of the site has been previously logged and the overall impact of the project on potential future economic returns from logging in the area is expected to be small.

5.4 BIOPHYSICAL IMPACTS––IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

5.4.1 Air Quality, Noise, and Light The size of the quarry and magnitude of activities are not expected to change as the quarry expands; level of activities depends on demand for aggregate and other products, which is expected to remain relatively stable over the lifetime of the quarry. Various project activities have the potential to generate dust, combustion emissions, noise, and light. In particular, operation of heavy equipment (eg. earth movers, crushers), rock drilling and blasting, operation of an asphalt plant, as well as onsite routine operations contribute to increased dust and particulate levels. Trucks from the quarry traveling along Westchester Road generate high dust levels and may be controlled through voluntarily reducing speed and possibly use of dust suppressant in the vicinity of seasonal residences. Noise levels can impact human use and enjoyment of the environment. Dust emissions from the quarry are expected, but will be mitigated by use of particle separators on equipment and use of water sprays on exposed working and laydown areas. Monitoring of airborne particulate emissions will be conducted at the request of NSE and in accordance with the Pit and Quarry Guidelines and the Nova Scotia Air Quality Regulations. An environmental protection plan will be put in place and followed during all phases of operations.

Exhaust emissions will be generated from the operation of vehicles and equipment. An asphalt plant may generate air‐borne odours that can be detected at a distance from the site; given the scope of the planned operations, these emissions will be minimal (i.e. restricted to several pieces of heavy equipment, earth movers, trucks etc. as well as operation of crushers and asphalt plant), and will be localized. Ambient air quality monitoring will be conducted at the request of NSE.

Noise levels from the expanded quarry are expected to be similar to those already produced at the site, since the operations are expected to be similar in size at a given time, and the company will ensure that they do not exceed those specified in the Nova Scotia Pit and Quarry Guidelines. Blasting is expected to occur infrequently (1‐2 times per year).

Light during nighttime operations particularly during times of low‐hanging cloud and fog, can attract migrating birds traveling overland over the Cobequied Hills. Measures can be taken to ensure use of directional lighting, which minimizes emanation of light upward and laterally over the horizon.

5.4.2 Groundwater Activities associated with the project including forest clearing, grubbing and removal of overburden, and blasting, influence groundwater flow locally in the vicinity of the quarry, but are not expected to influence groundwater


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aquifers in adjacent areas. Bedrock is close to surface over much of the site. The amount of recharge area involved in project activities is extremely small in relation to the overall size of the aquifers in the area; and for the same reason, the effect on overall groundwater flow patterns will be small. The overall impact on hydrogeology at the site is therefore expected to be negligible.

5.4.3 Hydrology Expansion of the quarry will result in an artificial and managed regime of surface water movement and runoff at the site, mainly near the quarry and entering the nearby watersheds. Quantity of runoff and flows in adjacent streams are not expected to change significantly, and the quarry will not reduce surface water supply for local watersheds. Runoff from the quarry will be managed to ensure that it meets acceptable environmental standards. Exposed surfaces on the quarry and on access roads lead to more sudden, ‘flashy’ runoff patterns during rainfall events and retention ponds will be included in the drainage design to reduce downstream flashiness resulting from the expanded quarry. The flow management system should also ensure that flows are maintained in all watercourses leaving the site, in particular the stream which flows under the quarry access road.

5.4.4 Water Quality Water quality downstream of the site is important for fish habitat in the lower watersheds, which includes Mountain Brook, Otter Brook and West Branch Wallace River. Quality of water leaving the site and entering surface or groundwater is generally high, due to the low‐contaminant characteristics of the bedrock, which is mainly conglomerate, metamorphic rocks, and basalt. Dust and suspended sediment, as well as accidental releases of lubricants from vehicles operating on the site can now reach watercourses—efforts should be made to manage these releases. Quarry rock is within acceptable limits for sulphur and acid‐generating potential and will not result in acidic runoff. Blasting is not expected to result in groundwater quality changes, particularly with efforts to reduce releases of other chemicals such as nitrates used in blasting and lubricants from equipment operations. Forest clearing and grubbing activities can lead to releases of fines from the soil, resulting locally in elevated suspended sediment levels. Release of other is expected to be mitigated by normal precautions on equipment operations and fuelling locations, and measures to reduce runoff from storage piles. Contaminants arising from operations of the quarry are expected to be exceedingly low. All activities will conform to the Nova Scotia Erosion and Sedimentation Control Handbook (NSE 1988) and the Nova Scotia Pit & Quarry Guidelines (NSE 1999). Impact of the quarry on water quality in adjacent streams and other waters is expected to be negligible.

5.4.5 Freshwater Aquatic Environments The expanded quarry will avoid existing streams located at the western edge and immediately east of the existing quarry, including a 30 m forested buffer. Future runoff from the quarry is expected to be diverted towards the stream located to the east, and to be in the same watershed as at present (Wallace River watershed). The stream located immediately west of the study area is expected to be impacted only marginally, through loss of a small portion of its drainage area. Quantities of runoff and suspended sediments arising from the site overall in future will be approximately the same as at present, and will remain the same watershed. The effects of changes in flow in local headwater streams are expected to be small and would be unlikely impact any downstream habitat.

5.4.6 Wetlands There are no wetlands in the study area to be impacted by the expansion project, and no wetlands were identified in downstream areas which will be impacted by changes in flow regime in streams originating at the quarry.


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5.4.7 Fish and Fish Habitat The expanded quarry is not expected to physically impact fish habitat in the vicinity of the project. Forested buffers will be left in place to help to maintain temperatures, inputs of nutrients, and provide a source of leaves and woody debris. Blasting occurs infrequently at the site and is sufficiently separated from areas of watercourses with fish habitat to result in a low likelihood of incurring harm to fish. Water quality in runoff from the quarry will be monitored and is expected to meet guidelines for maintenance of Freshwater Aquatic Life. All guidelines for activities and timing of blasting in the quarry will be followed. Overall the effects of the quarry construction and operations on fish habitat are expected to be negligible.

5.4.8 Flora and Fauna and Habitat The existing terrestrial ecosystem (plants and animals) will be removed in areas covered by the footprint of the quarry. With time, areas affected by quarry operations will be remediated, according to agreements made with the Nova Scotia government as a condition of quarry approval. Plant and animal communities that arise in remediated areas will likely differ to some degree from those at present; however a goal of remediation will be to ensure that conditions (e.g. soil types and topography) are restored to pre‐existing conditions. During recovery and revegetation, the forest succession will provide habitat for a moderate diversity of species. Removal of forest cover is a feature that quarry development shares with industrial activities such as logging and agriculture, which affects local ecosystems to a moderate degree. Several species of migratory birds are in decline in Nova Scotia, in particular interior forest birds, which rely on large expanses and continuity of intact forest; the study area is not part of a large expanse of old forest and the impact on interforest birds is expected to be small to negligible. Other wildlife species need large areas of undisturbed forest to live and reproduce naturally. Temporary loss of forest through site development is not expected to affect the occurrence of moose at the site, due to a comparatively small project footprint in relation to available habitat in the area. During operations, modified areas of the quarry offer potential nesting sites for certain species of birds and other wildlife, including hunting spaces for species such as owls and nesting sites for birds such as Common Nighthawk; employees should be educated on the need to check areas for activity and nests before undertaking activities which would disturb established surfaces. Night operations and use of lights have various effects, including attracting insects which otherwise would need darkness to mate and reproduce; light pollution is considered to be an important factor globally in decline of songbird populations, through declines in populations of some insects. Night operation lighting during migration periods (August‐September) would attract migrating birds. If possible, 24‐hour operations in August to early September should be avoided and lighting used at the site should focus downward and below the normal horizon, to limit visibility by birds and insects from a distance.

5.4.9 Species at Risk Few plant or animal species at risk have been identified as potentially occurring in the study area. The study area is located in the large special management area for moose found in the Cobequid Hills, which has special forestry practices assigned to reduce the impacts of forestry activities on moose. Expansion of the quarry will reduce habitat slightly; however no high quality moose habitat and wetlands are found at the site, so the impact is expected to be negligible. Common Nighthawk, a ground‐nesting endangered bird species, potentially could nest in grubbed and marginal areas of the quarry; employees should be made aware of the need to check areas for activity and nests before undertaking activities which would disturb established surfaces. Lights used for night operations during migration periods (May‐June and August‐September) would attract various bird species and insects, which could include species at risk. If possible, 24‐hour operations during migrations should be avoided and lighting used at the site should focus downward and below the normal horizon, to limit visibility from a distance.


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5.4.10 Natural Areas & Wilderness Natural areas in the vicinity of the site are appreciated by locals and tourists alike, while forests at the site are important in supporting wildlife populations, and nearby undeveloped areas are appreciated by society as a whole, evidenced by their designation for parks and protected areas. Agricultural development, in particular lands in blueberries, are a familiar landscape feature to visitors to the area. The immediate vicinity of the Westchester Quarry is not pristine, having been used for agriculture, forestry, and aggregate extraction as part in the mix of activities in the area. Two Provincial Wilderness areas are relatively close to the site. Efforts should be made to minimize the footprint and effects of the quarry—in particular to reduce traffic, noise, dust and light from quarry operations—to reduce interference with natural conditions in these areas. Activities at the quarry will be carried out with a view to minimizing impacts on the adjacent environments and ensuring that as much as possible of the quarry is restored in the future. Restoration should also consider values important in conservation of biological communities and ecosystems, as well as changes in physical conditions that could affect those communities. Normal procedures such as dust control and light management will help to minimize impacts on natural and wilderness values at the site.

6 IMPACTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON THE PROJECT

The Westchester quarry will be affected principally by extreme weather, in particular occurrence high rainfall and snow melt events leading to erosion and high flows in adjacent watercourses; high winds leading to movement of dust and interference with activities; and high temperatures. Runoff management is an important consideration in site design. Aggregate and other rock products stored at the site are stable under varying conditions of rainfall and wind. Integrity of any runoff management structures at the site must be maintained and appropriately designed to remove the possibility of catastrophic failure. Changing climate may increase the operating season for transportation projects, and the need for aggregates produced by the quarry.

7 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS

There are no quarries or similar industrial operations in the immediate vicinity of the quarry, and the activities of which will add to the local effects of the quarry operation which include dust, noise, lights, blasting, and increased traffic volume. Reduction in forest cover at the site will compound the overall effects of forestry and land‐clearing for blueberry production in the area. Planned restoration of the quarry site to natural conditions after the useful life of the quarry will, in the long term, counteract the effect of present forest loss.

Biophysical Assessment for Westchester Quarry Expansion, July 2018 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Table 10. Potential interactions between project activities and operations and Valued Environmental Components (VECs) for Westchester Quarry expansion.

General Category of VEC Biophysical Socioeconomic

Project Component (potential interactions shown by )

Air Quality, Noise and Light

Groundwater & Hydrology

Water Q

uality

Aquatic Environmen

ts and W

etlands

Natural A

reas & W

ilderness

Fish and Fish Habitat

Flora & Fauna Species &

Habitat

Species a

t Risk

Mi’kmaq

Cultural/Historical

Recreation, Tourism

& Viewscape

Residen

tial Use

Recreational, Commercial & M

i’kmaq

Fishing

Water S

upplies/ Residen

tial W

ells

Land Use and Value

Transportation

Commercial /Industrial Use

Parks & Protected

Areas

Forestry Hunting /Trapping

Construction

Site Acquisition, Use/Removal of Resources Site Clearing/Grubbing Drilling Blasting Lights Operation

Moving/Transporting Rock and Product Crushing Washing Lights Site Runoff Management Portable Asphalt Plant Onsite Materials Storage Accidents (Fires/Oil & Fuel Spills)

Biophysical Description and Assessment for Westchester Quarry Expansion, July 2018 ____________________________________________________________________________________________

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Table 11. Summary of impacts and mitigation on Valued Environmental Components, Chapman Brothers Construction Limited, Westchester Quarry Expansion.

VEC Project Component

Nature of Effect Significance Nature of Impact

Mitigation Significance after Mitigation

BIOPHYSICAL COMPONENTS

Air Quality, Noise & Light

Construction Noise and dust from heavy equipment during logging and grubbing.

Significant Negative Schedule activity to avoid peak periods of use by residents in the local community. Take steps to reduce noise sources such as engine braking.

Not significant.

Drilling and blasting.

Significant Negative Monitor noise levels and undertake to avoid exceedences of regulatory levels.

Not significant.

Light from the quarry can be seen in neighbouring areas.

Significant Slight, negative

Use directional lighting with downward and lateral focus to minimize light leaving the quarry during night operations.

Not significant.

Operation Drilling and blasting; equipment for moving rock; crusher; heavy equipment operation; air‐borne emissions from asphalt plant.

Significant Negative Monitor noise levels and undertake to avoid exceedences of regulatory levels. Institute measures for dust control. Monitor and maintain asphalt plant to minimize emissions.

Not significant.

Light from the quarry can be seen in neighbouring areas.


Use directional lighting with downward and lateral focus to minimize light leaving the quarry at night.

Not significant.

Dust from trucks on Westchester Road


Consider use of dust suppressant surfacing of Westchester Road in vicinity of seasonal residences.

Not significant.

Noise from trucks on Westchester Road


Instruct truck drivers to avoid use of engine braking on Westchester Road.

Not significant.

Groundwater/ Hydrology

Construction Forest and soil removal changes surface and ground

Negligible Negative Use site runoff management to minimize impacts. Likely changes in

Not significant.


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water flow levels and patterns.

groundwater and runoff patterns will be small.

Operation Blasting fractures bedrock, disturbs till, and changes groundwater flow patterns.

Significant Negative Drilled wells in bedrock and surface wells can be disturbed. Monitor groundwater quality and movement to determine changes.

Not significant.

Operation Quarry and work areas change surface water flows. Increased peak stormwater flows. Washing product creates silt‐laden surface flows.

Significant Negative Onsite water management to moderate extreme surface water runoff and suspended sediment levels; measures to maintain normal flow regime.

Not significant.

Operation Accidental Hydrocarbon spills and blasting residues contaminate groundwater.

Significant Negative Measures to minimize danger of spills; onsite emergency numbers, spill kits etc. Avoid refueling near watercourses.

Not significant.

Water Quality Construction Altered surface water flows and turbidity, hydrocarbons from heavy equipment in watershed flowages.

Negligible Negative Erosion and sedimentation controls in work areas. Onsite water management to moderate surface water runoff and suspended sediment levels.

Not significant.

Operation Dust & suspended sediment from operations; hydrocarbons from vehicles, potentially enters local watershed. Chemicals (e.g. nitrates) from explosives entering runoff.

Significant Negative Onsite dust control and water management to moderate surface water runoff and suspended sediment levels. Erosion & sedimentation controls. Plan and BMP for hydrocarbon management at site. Closely monitor chemical residues after blasting.

Not significant.


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Operation Water chemistry changes in runoff from materials stored on site. Erosion of stored materials.

Negligible Negative Control types of materials stored at site. Monitor settling ponds; storm‐water management.

Not significant.

Natural Areas & Wilderness

Construction & Operation

Presence of quarry, emissions, dust etc, detracts from public perception of wild quality of area.

Negligible Negative Area affected is small in relation to remaining natural areas, although previous agricultural development and forestry has diminished value of natural areas and wilderness. Attempt to minimize footprint. Manage releases of dust and light, and control noise.

Not significant.

Freshwater Aquatic Environments

Construction Occurrences of high suspended sediments and nutrient levels in runoff from the site.

Negligible Negative Preserve wooded buffer areas adjacent to wetlands and watercourses. Onsite water management and sedimentation controls to moderate surface water runoff and suspended sediment levels.

Not significant.

Operation Some of the runoff from the area is retained for site operations; or lost through evaporation.

Negligible Negative Maintain forested buffers. Onsite water management to stabilize flow pattern. Minimize unvegetated areas.

Not significant.

Operation Higher peak flows and suspended sediment during activities.

Significant Negative Onsite water management. Preserve woodland in buffer areas of quarry.

Not significant.

Operation Runoff from access roads.

Negligible Negative Use of ditching and artificial channels, to carry peak flows and additional site runoff. Sedimentation controls.

Not significant.


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Operation Releases of chemicals from blasting; accidental releases of lubricants etc; and runoff from materials stored on site.

Negligible Negative Isolate and treat runoff from work areas and stored materials. Lubricant management on site.

Not significant.


Routine releases and accidental spills of hydrocarbons on site.

Significant Negative Provide pollution prevention and emergency measures.

Not significant.

Wetlands Construction Grubbing, road construction, pit preparation. Suspended sediments affect downstream riparian wetlands on Mountain Brook and West Branch, Wallace River

Significant Negative Onsite runoff manasgement to minimize suspended sediment and releases of contaminants.

Not significant.

Operation Dust, nutrient inputs from runoff, changes to hydrology, changes to forest communities.

Negligible Negative. Maintain a significant forest buffer; maintain hydrological regime, employ site water management.

Not significant.

Fish & Fish Habitat

Construction Change runoff patterns at site in local and adjacent watersheds.

Negligible Negative Avoid the major watercourses. Maintain forested buffer around wetlands and streams.

Not significant.

Operation Site runoff management and water use affects hydrological and groundwater regime.

Negligible Negative Ensure the runoff from the site is managed to to moderate flow and minimize downstream impacts on fish habitat.

Not significant.


Nominal releases of oils, hydraulic fluids etc. from

Negligible Negative Maintain equipment to minimize loss of lubricants and fuels. Provide pollution

Not significant.


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operating equipment. Accidental spills of hydrocarbons on site.

prevention and emergency measures.

Operation Accidental spills into watercourses from truck highway accidents.

Negligible Negative Recommend truck traffic use safe driving practices and reduce speed in vicinity of quarry and intersection of Westchester Road and Wentworth‐Collingwood Road. Provide suitable pollution prevention and emergency measures.

Not significant.

Terrestrial Flora & Fauna & Habitat

Construction Removal of Existing Communities

Negligible Negative Communities removed have all been previously developed / modified. Restore damaged and unused parts of the site (e.g. grubbings and waste rock piles) as soon as possible. Long‐term site rehabilitation plan developed with NSE. Cut forest short term only as needed to expand quarry.

Not significant.


Accidental releases, contamination of habitat.

Significant Negative Provide pollution prevention and emergency measures & response capability. Remediate any areas affected by spills.

Not significant.

Artificial light from operations influences movements of birds and other animals

Significant Negative Avoid night operations. If necessary to work at night, use directional lighting with downward focus to minimize light leaving the quarry. Avoid migratory periods for bird

Not significant.

Removal of potential forest and wildlife resource (i.e. wildlife habitat)

Negligible Negative Small area affected relative to total available. Minimize footprint of quarry. Restore and rehabilitate

Not significant.


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areas not used. Leave mature standing trees where possible as nest cavities.

Quarry affects wildlife movement patterns and connectivity of habitats.

Significant Negative. Restoration should include consideration for wildlife movement through the restored site.

Not significant.

Species at Risk Construction Water quality impacts affect downstream areas in watersheds with Atlantic salmon and Blacknose Dace.

Significant Negative Best management practices for management of runoff from the site.

Not significant.

Operation Sound from blasting can harm bats and birds.

Negligible Negative Minimize blasting activity and concentrate in spring and fall (outside breeding and migratory periods) when species are absent.

Not significant.

Light influences movements of species at risk birds migrating overland.

Significant Negative Use directional lighting with downward and lateral focus to minimize light leaving the quarry.

Not significant.

Open areas and grubbings piles occupied by nesting species such as nighthawks.

Significant Negative Educate personnel to look for bird life prior to activities; periodically conduct nesting bird survey at site to identify bird issues.

Not significant.

SOCIOECONOMIC COMPONENTS

Mi’kmaq Construction and Operation

Any land use conflicts with Mi’kmaq Right to Use Land

Significant Neutral Consult with Mi’kmaq in developing quarry.

Not significant.

Contamination and alteration of flow regime of streams may affect fish populations

Negligible Negative Employ surface water monitoring program. Use Best Management Practices for quarries. Avoid accidental releases of

Not significant.


______________________________________________________________________________________________________

54.





potentially used by Mi’kmaq.

contaminants. Avoid vehicle accidents.

Archaeological, Cultural and Historical Significance

Construction Expansion may affect undiscovered artifacts.

Not significant

Negligible Unlikely that artifacts occur at site. Minimize project footprint. Halt operations and notify NS Dept of Culture & Heritage if artifacts found.

Not significant.

Recreation Construction & Operation

Quarry traffic interacts with local recreational use of roads and trail use by ATVs and snow‐ mobiles.

Not significant

Negative Users will be aware of activity at quarry but will not be otherwise impacted. Access roads gated to prevent unauthorized use. Post signage indicating site hazards and private property restrictions.

Not significant.

Tourism and Viewscape


Presence of quarry affects public perception of landscape character.

Negligible Negative Quarry cannot readily be seen from road. Maintain a clean operation. Rehabilitate areas no longer needed for activity and future development.

Not significant.

Residential Use Construction & Operation

Noise; light pollution; dust; operation of trucks and transportation of heavy equipment on Westchester Road.

Significant Negative Use best management practices to reduce disturbance to nearby residents. Inform residents about quarry operations. Provide community with safety information for truck traffic on Westchester Road.

Not significant.

Recreational and Mi’kmaq Hunting and Fishing


Accidental hydrocarbon spills and blasting residues contaminate surface waters.

Negligible Negative Provide pollution prevention, emergency measures & response capability. Identify and control contaminant releases.

Not significant.

Construction Loss of forested area under quarry footprint.

Not significant

Negative Rehabilitate areas no longer needed for activity and future development. Minimize cutting outside quarry footprint.

Not significant.


______________________________________________________________________________________________________

55.





Water Supplies & Residential Wells

Construction and Operation

Blasting potentially impacts local aquifers.

Not significant

Negative Develop groundwater‐monitoring plan in consultation with NSE. Consult with residents on Westchester Road concerning water supply issues.

Not significant.

Land Use and Value


Removal of potential forest and wildlife resource (e.g. forestry & trapping).

Not significant

Negative Small area affected relative to total land available. Minimize footprint of quarry. Restore and rehabilitate areas not used.

Not significant.

Transportation Operation Wear on Westchester Road and Wentworth‐Collingwood Road.

Negligible Negative Current traffic levels due to quarry are low and will not increase.

Not significant.

Operation Collisions with trucks and equipment on adjacent roads & highways, in particular Westchester Road.

Significant Negative Set low speed limit for trucks on Westchester Road to avoid collisions with vehicles of seasonal residents. Use good directional signs for slow moving vehicles, and speed policy in vicinity of quarry. Safety training for truck drivers.

Not significant

Industrial & Commercial Use


Competition with other quarries.

Negligible Neutral Quarry operations are in a competitive environment; cooperate if possible.

Not significant.

Vibration from blasting on cell tower.

Negligible Negative Cell tower operator confirmed blasting not a concern.

Not significant.

Resource Use Forestry, Hunting & Trapping


Removes woodland; game habitat.

Not significant

Negative Relatively small area is used.

Not significant.


______________________________________________________________________________________________________

56.





Parks and Protected areas


Economy River Wilderness Area; Portapique River Wilderness Area

Not significant

Neutral Employ best management practices for all aspects of quarry operation, in particular control of noise, light, dust and particulate emissions, and odours leaving the site.

Not significant.

8 MONITORING

Monitoring of water quality for suspended sediment levels may be conducted to demonstrate that surface water management has been effective. Routine monitoring of noise and dust levels may be required by NS Environment. Periodic monitoring of wells in the vicinity may be conducted to verify the predicted lack of impact of activities at the site on water supply wells on adjacent properties.

9 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

In addition to contacts members of the community already made in developing this assessment, the Proponent will be consulting with locals, municipal, and provincial government officials, and the Mi’kmaq about the project and its implications; about plans for development at the site.

10 PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS

Ms. K. George, DNR Regional Biologist.

Mr. William Shaw, P. Geo. W.G. Shaw and Associates, Hydrogeololgist, Antigonish.

Mr. Sean Weseloh‐McKeane, NS Museum of Natural History, Coordinator, Special Places.

11 REFERENCES

Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre (ACCDC) 2017. Report on database search of species of conservation status for Westchester. Report to Envirosphere Consultants Ltd, May 2017.

Breau, C. and Ripley, D. W. 2012. Fish monitoring in River Philip (Nova Scotia) during spring 2011 with a focus on the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt migration. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2974: v + 25 p.

Canadian Climate Normals 2016. www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals.


______________________________________________________________________________________________________

57.

Davis, D.S. and S. Browne. 1997. The Natural History of Nova Scotia. NS Museum of Natural History and Nimbus Publishing, Halifax, N.S.

Davis MacIntyre & Associates. 2017. Chapman Brothers Construction Ltd., Westchester Quarry Expansion: Archaeological Resource Impact Assessment. A2017NS032, July 2017.

Gilhen, J. 1984. Amphibians and Reptiles of Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 162 p.

Gilhen, J. and A. Hebda. 2002. Distribution of Blacknose Dace, Rhinichthys atratulus, in Nova Scotia. Can. Field‐Nat. 116: 536‐546.

Keppie, J.D., 2000. Geological Map of the Province of Nova Scotia. Halifax, N.S.: Department of Natural Resources. [Map 2000‐1]

Maritime Breeding Birds Atlas. 2016. Second Atlas of Breeding Birds of the Maritime Provinces. Bird Studies Canada & Partners.

Nova Scotia Government’s Open Data Portal. 2017. https://data.novascotia.ca/. Accessed May‐September, 2017.

Nova Scotia Open Data Portal. 2017. Traffic Volumes ‐ Provincial Highway System. Nova Scotia Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal. https://data.novascotia.ca/. Accessed August 2, 2017.

NSDNR 2012. Endangered Mainland Moose Special Management Practices

Nova Scotia Environment. 1988. Nova Scotia Sedimentation and Erosion Control Handbook. Nova Scotia Environment, Halifax.

Nova Scotia Environment. 2003. Nova Scotia Pit & Quarry Guidelines. Nova Scotia Environment, Halifax.

Kennedy, G.W. and B.E. Fisher. 2013. Enhanced Georeferenced Version of the Nova Scotia Department of Environment's Nova Scotia Well Logs Database (2012). DP ME 430, Version 2.

Nav Canada. 2013. The Weather of Atlantic Canada and Eastern Quebec. Chapter 4. Seasonal Weather and Local effects. Nav Canada. Ottawa.

Nowland, J.L. and J.I MacDougall. 1973. Soil Survey of Cumberland County. Report No. 17, Nova Scotia Soil Survey. Canada Dept. of Agriculture.

Pe‐Piper, G. and D.J.W. Piper. 2003. A synopsis of the geology of the Cobequid Highlands, Nova Scotia. Atlantic Geology, 38: 145‐160.

Statistics Canada. 2011. National Household Survey Profiles. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs‐enm/2011.

Stea, R.R., H. Conley and Y. Brown, 1992. Surficial Geology of the Province of Nova Scotia. Halifax, N.S.: Department of Natural Resources. [Map 92‐3]

Transportation Development Centre (TDC). 1991. Wind and Wave Climate Atlas. Vol I. The East Coast of Canada. Transportation Development Centre, Policy and Coordination Group, Transport Canada, Ottawa.

LIMITING CONDITIONS

The American Society for Testing and Materials Standards of Practice and the Canadian Standards Association state that no environmental assessment can wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding the recognition of potential


______________________________________________________________________________________________________

58.

environmental liabilities. The intent of the assessment is to reduce, but not eliminate, uncertainty regarding projects, giving reasonable limits of time and costs.

The conclusions of this report are based in part on the information provided by others, which is assumed to be correct. The potential exists that unexpected environmental conditions may be encountered at the site and with the project, not specifically investigated. Should this occur, the proponent and regulatory authorities must be notified so that we may decide if modifications to our conclusions are necessary.

The findings of this investigation are based on research and investigations carried out in May 2017‐May 2018 and the generally accepted assessment practices of our industry. No other warranty is made.


______________________________________________________________________________________________________

A-1.

APPENDIX A

MAPS

Map A-1WESTCHESTER QUARRY EXPANSION

SiteLocation

Map by:Envirosphere Consultants LimitedApril 2018

Digital & GIS Components from by:NS GeoNova Portal, August 2017.Basemap: NTS Topographic Series, Map 11E 12.

Study Area

�

11 2km0

Study Area

ExistingQuarry

4104

Wentworth Collingwood Road


Westchester Road


Map by:Envirosphere Consultants LimitedOctober 2021

Digital & GIS Data Supplied by: NS Geomatics Data Centre, Amherst NS andNS GeoNova Portal, September 2021.

Study Area

Land Use Classification(based on NS Forestry

Inventory, 2016)

Natural StandAlders

BrushLake WetlandWetland GeneralOpen BogBeaver ModifiedClear Cut

MiscellaneousOld Field

Quarry

Blueberries

Dead / WindthrowAgriculture

UrbanPlantationChristmas Trees

TreatedInland Water

Trunk HighwaySecondary Roads &Trails

4104

Gleason B

rook

ExistingQuarryAssessment

Area

Unnam

ed S

tream

Unnamed S

tream

Unnam

ed S

tream

Otter Broook

West River

Mountain Brook



Westchester Road

Dead Lake

Webb RoadWESTCHESTER MOUNTAIN

WestchesterStation 4 km

Oxford15 km

ROSE

500 0 500 1000m

Blueberry Depot

WESTCHESTER QUARRY EXPANSION

Map by:Envirosphere Consultants LimitedApril 2018

Digital & GIS Data Supplied by:NS Geomatics Data Centre, Amherst NS andNS DNR GeoNova Portal, December 2017.

500 0 500 1000m

Map A-3

PropertyOwnership

Study Area

Crown Land

Private Land

Building

00853259 PID25402199

25402207 25402215

25090887

25489329

25090895

2540222325489311

25095035

2508752925402330

25089210

25094822

25090044

25402181

25091059

25451949

25402231

25086158

25091380

25091299

2508565525090952

25488677

25091182

25091133

2548678825086067

25402249

2543474725090093

25085101

2538598025090242

2508405425450784

2508910325086315

25090945

25450776

2543473925086505

25086349

25090234

25481847

250898632538769725085770

2538599825087032

25380528

25387663 25093550

25434721

25434713

25091174

25380536

25087677 25086463

25087685 25435520

25091257

2538056925086257

25086232

25233032

25331166

2538054425385527

2508622425086356 25089491

25086117

25094772

2543550425086562

25086307

25086976

25380460

25089814

25086273 2508653925084617

25086489

25363409

25380452

25086422

2508647125434762

25089038

25363425

25369166

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25160466

2509009325380478

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25212077

25086059

25086786

25086497

25089764

25212077

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25086414

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25385568

25385519

2518387225086265

25089467

25481854

25349234

2508629925385535

25091141

25086281

25089178

2508837825090929

25089152

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25089228

25094939

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25385618

25348293

25385634

25385667

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25385659

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25479650

25089400

25182817

25385709

2508655425090903

25435975

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25480575

25090960

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Wentworth

Collingwood Road

Wentw

orthCollin

g Road

25363391

25091232


Westchester Road

wood

Existing Quarry�

Study Area�

800m buffer�

Oxford

15 km

�

4104


Surface WaterSampling Locations

and Contours

Map by:Envirosphere Consultants LimitedJune 2018

Digital & GIS Components from by:NS GeoNova Portal, August 2017.

Study Area

Chapman BrothersConstruction Limited

Water Samples

Minnow Traps

Watercourse

�

0 500m250250

Study Area

Existing

Quarry

Wentworth-Collingwood Road

Westchester Road

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220210

200190180

170

160

150

140

130

120

110m

ROSE

PID 25088378

PID 25090887

Contours in metres

MountainBrook

4104

Biophysical Description and Assessment for Westchester Quarry Expansion, July 2018 ___________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

B-1

APPENDIX B

WETLAND/BOTANICAL SURVEYS

Early Summer & Fall 2017

1

Spring and Fall Botanical Surveys for a Proposed

Quarry Expansion at Westchester, Cumberland

County, Nova Scotia

Ruth E. Newell, B.Sc. (Hons.), M.Sc. November 27, 2017

2

Spring and Fall Botanical Surveys for a Proposed Quarry Expansion at

Westchester, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia

Introduction Spring and fall surveys of vascular plants were conducted at the site of a proposed quarry expansion

(Fig. 1) in Westchester, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, on June 28th and September 18th, 2017. Both

surveys were conducted by botanist Ruth E. Newell (B.Sc. (Hons.), M.Sc.). The survey work was done by

walking meandering transects throughout the various habitats present on site. Streams were surveyed

along their entire length.

All vascular plants observed during both fall and spring surveys as well as the habitats in which they

occur and their provincial general and Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre (ACCDC) subnational

status ranks are provided in TABLE 1 at the end of this report. The habitats present and some of the

commonly occurring species in each are described in the Results section. The presence or absence of

species of conservation concern is discussed in the Discussion.

Information on the various status ranks used in this report including status rank definitions can be found

on the Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre (ACCDC) website (http://www.accdc.com/en/rank‐

definitions and the following Wild Species 2015/The General Status of Species in Canada websites (http://www.registrelep‐sararegistry.gc.ca/virtual_sara/files/reports/Wild%20Species%202015.pdf;

https://www.wildspecies.ca/reports ).

Figure 1. Satellite image of the existing quarry (area outlined in green) and of the survey area (area enclosed within red line).

3

Results/ Habitat Descriptions There are two general habitats present within the survey area. A section of mature undisturbed deciduous woodland occurs at the northeast end of the property. Within this woodland, there is a small stream which occurs in a narrow ravine along the upper west edge of the wooded area. This stream/ravine crosses the property in a more or less north/south direction with flowage to the north. The rest of the survey area excluding the active quarry area, is made up of woodland that has been cutover, different sections at different times, some very recent and some approximately 40 – 50 years ago. The various sections are therefore at various stages of regrowth. The more recent cutover areas are located immediately southeast of the existing quarry. The areas with older regeneration occur at the southwest end of the survey area. In addition, there is a commercial blueberry field present onsite. This was not surveyed as it is primarily a monoculture. Mature Deciduous Woodland and Stream (at northeast end of survey area) Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) was the dominant tree species in the deciduous woodland at the northeast end of the property. Other tree species present include White Birch (Betula papyrifera), Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis), Moose Maple (Acer pensylvanicum), Mountain Maple (Acer spicatum), Beech (Fagus grandifolia) and White Ash (Fraxinus americana). Common shrubs present include Beaked Hazelnut (Corylus cornuta), Alternate‐leaved Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia), Canada Fly Honeysuckle (Lonicera canadensis) and Hobblebush (Viburnum alnifolium). The herbaceous layer, i.e., the forest floor, tended to be sparsely vegetated. Plant species present included a variety of fern species including several woodferns (Dryopteris spp.), Oak Fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris), Lady Fern (Athyrium filix‐femina), Silvery Spleenwort (Deparia acrostichoides) and Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). Other herbaceous vegetation present include Red Baneberry (Actaea rubra), Wood Aster (Oclemena acuminata), Large‐leaved Aster (Eurybia macrophylla) and Spotted Coralroot (Corallorhiza maculata). Plants occurring along the stream edges include Turtlehead (Chelone glabra), Small Enchanter’s

Nightshade (Circaea alpina), Slender Mannagrass (Glyceria melicaria), Jack‐in‐the‐pulpit (Arisaema

triphyllum), Rough Sedge (Carex scabrata), Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis), Hobblebush (Viburnum

alnifolium), Beaked Hazelnut (Corylus cornuta), Cinnamon Fern (Osmunda cinnamoma), etc.

A complete list of vascular plant species found within the mature deciduous woodland in found in TABLE

1.

4

Figure 2. Undisturbed deciduous woodland at northeast end of the survey area.

Figure 3. Small stream and ravine along west edge of undisturbed deciduous woodland on the property.

5

Cutover Areas

Aside from the undisturbed deciduous woodland at the northeast end of the survey area, most of the

remaining land area has been cutover. Regeneration is older at the southwest end of the property than

in the centre of the property indicating that cutting has taken place at different times. Tree regeneration

varies from primarily deciduous to mixed deciduous/coniferous to primarily coniferous tree species

(Figs. 4‐6).

Common vascular plant species present in the most recently cutover or disturbed areas immediately

southeast of the quarry include Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), Wild Raspberry (Rubus idaeus ssp.

strigosus), Poverty Grass (Danthonia spicata), Rough Bentgrass (Agrostis scabra), White Goldenrod

(Solidago bicolor), Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), Narrow‐leaved Goldenrod (Euthamia

graminifolia), Wire Birch (Betula populifolia), Pin Cherry (Prunus pensylvanica), Bristly Aralia (Aralia

hispida), Rough Hawkweed (Hieracium scabrum), Fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium), etc.

Common species present in the areas with older regeneration include Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea),

White Ash (Fraxinus americana), White Birch (Betula papyrifera), Rough Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa),

Hay‐scented Fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula), shadbush (Amelanchier sp.) and Red Elderberry

(Sambucus pubens).

A complete list of species found in the cutover areas is found in TABLE 1.

A small damp area or seep (approximately 5 x 20 m) occurs in woodland (45.58477ᵒN, ‐063.75407ᵒW) at

the southwest end of the survey area in primarily coniferous woodland (Fig. 6). Herbaceous species

present include Fowl Mannagrass (Glyceria striata), Purple‐stemmed Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum),

Arrow‐leaved Smartweed (Polygonum sagittatum), Swamp Candle (Lysimachia terrestris), Crested Wood

Fern (Dryopteris cristata), Northern Water Horehound (Lycopus uniflorus) and Pale St. John’s‐wort

(Hypericum ellipticum).

6

Figure 4. A relatively recent cutover area (located southeast of the quarry); woody regeneration at this

location is primarily deciduous.

Figure 5. Mixed regeneration (coniferous and deciduous tree species both present) woodland south and

southwest of quarry.

7

Figure 6. Primarily coniferous, older regeneration at the southwest end of the survey area. This gap in

the woodland represents a small seep.

Discussion No vascular plant species listed under either federal species‐at‐risk legislation or provincial species‐at‐

risk‐ legislation were observed on the quarry property during either the spring or the fall survey.

Additionally, there were no S2 (ORANGE) or S3 (YELLOW) species observed on site. An S2 (ORANGE)

general status rank indicates a species considered to have a high risk of extinction and an S3 (YELLOW)

general status rank indicates a species with a moderate risk of extinction.

The Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre (ACCDC) subnational status ranks and the general status

ranks for Nova Scotia (based on the 2015 Wild Species of Canada Report), which are found in this report

based on the species observed during this survey, include S4 (LIGHT GREEN), S5 (GREEN) and SNA

indicating that there are no species of conservation concern present within the survey area (S4 =

apparently secure ‐ uncommon but not rare; some cause for long‐term concern due to declines or other

factors; S5 = secure ‐ common, widespread, and abundant in the province; SNA = not applicable ‐ a

conservation status rank that is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for

conservation activities as for example, a non‐native species).

8

TABLE 1

Vascular plant species observed during spring and fall botanical surveys for a proposed quarry

expansion in Westchester, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. The surveys were conducted on June 8,

2017 and September 18, 2017. The Nova Scotia General Status Ranks (based on the 2015 Wild Species of

Canada Report) and the Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre’s Subnational Status Ranks are

provided for each species. The habitats where each species was observed are also noted in this table (C

= cutover areas, W = undisturbed deciduous woodland). Species with conservation concern, if present,

are indicated by bold font.

Latin Name Common Name Nova Scotia General Status* Rank

ACCDC Subnational Status Rank**

Habitat(s)

Abies balsamea Balsam Fir GREEN/S5 S5 C, W

Acer pensylvanicum

Moose Maple GREEN/S5 S5 C, W

Acer rubrum Red Maple GREEN/S5 S5 C

Acer saccharum Sugar Maple GREEN/S5 S5 C, W

Acer spicatum Mountain Maple GREEN/S5 S5 C, W

Actaea rubra Red Baneberry GREEN/S5 S5 W

Agrostis capillaris Colonial Bentgrass SNA SNA C

Agrostis scabra Rough Bentgrass GREEN/S5 S5 C, W

Alnus alnobetula ssp. crispa

Downy Alder GREEN/S5 S5 C

Amelanchier sp. a shadbush not a species at risk ‐ C

Anaphalis margaritacea

Pearly Everlasting GREEN/S5 S5 C

Anthoxanthum odoratum

Sweet Vernal Grass

SNA SNA C

Aralia hispida Bristly Sarsaparilla GREEN/S5 S5 C

Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Arisaema triphyllum

Jack‐in‐the‐pulpit GREEN/5 S5 W

Athyrium filix‐femina

Lady Fern GREEN/5 S5 W

Betula alleghaniensis

Yellow Birch GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Betula papyrifera Paper Birch GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Betula populifolia Wire Birch GREEN/5 S5 C

Cardamine diphylla

Two‐leaved Toothwort

LIGHT GREEN/4 S4 W

Carex crinita sl Fringed Sedge GREEN/5 S5 C

Carex debilis White‐edge Sedge GREEN/5 S5 C

Carex echinata Star Sedge GREEN/5 S5 C

9



Habitat(s)

Carex intumescens

Bladder Sedge GREEN/5 S5 C

Carex leptalea Bristly‐stalked Sedge

GREEN/5 S5 W

Carex novae‐angliae

New England Sedge

GREEN/5 S5 C

Carex scabrata Rough Sedge GREEN/5 S5 W

Carex stipata Awl‐fruited Sedge GREEN/5 S5 C

Carex trisperma Three‐seeded Sedge

GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Chamerion angustfolium

Fireweed GREEN/5 S5 C

Chelone glabra Turtlehead GREEN/5 S5 W

Chrysosplenium americanum

Golden Saxifrage GREEN/5 S5 C

Circaea alpina Small Enchanter’s Nightshade

GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Coptis trifolia Goldthread GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Corallorhiza maculata

Spotted Coralroot LIGHT GREEN/4 S4 W

Cornus alternifolia Alternate‐leaved Dogwood

GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Cornus canadensis Bunchberry GREEN/5 S5 C

Corylus cornuta Beaked Hazelnut GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Cypripedium acaule

Pink Lady’s‐slipper

GREEN/5 S5 C

Danthonia spicata Poverty Grass GREEN/5 S5 C

Dennstaedtia punctilobula

Hay‐scented Fern GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Deparia acrostichoides

Silvery Spleenwort

LIGHT GREEN/4 S4 W

Dichanthelium boreale

Northern Panic Grass

GREEN/5 S5 C

Diervilla lonicera Northern Bush‐honeysuckle

GREEN/5 S5 C

Diphasiastrum digitatum

Southern Ground‐cedar

GREEN/5 S5 C

Doellingeria umbellata

Tall White Aster GREEN/5 S5 C

Dryopteris carthusiana

Spinulose Wood Fern

GREEN/5 S5 W

Dryopteris cristata Crested Wood Fern

GREEN/5 S5 C

10



Habitat(s)

Dryopteris intermedia

Evergreen Wood Fern

GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Epifagus virginiana

Beechdrops GREEN/4 S4 W

Epipactis helleborine

Broad‐leaved Helleborine

SNA SNA W

Erigeron sp. a fleabane not a species at risk ‐ C

Euphrasia stricta Stiff Eyebright SNA SNA C

Eurybia macrophylla

Large‐leaved Aster

GREEN/5 S5 W

Euthamia graminifolia

Narrow‐leaved Goldenrod

GREEN/5 S5 C

Fagus grandifolia American Beech GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Festuca filiformis Hair Fescue SNA SNA C

Fragaria virginiana

Wild Strawberry GREEN/5 S5 C

Fraxinus americana

White Ash GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Galeopsis tetrahit Common Hemp‐nettle

SNA SNA W

Glyceria canadensis

Canada Manna Grass

GREEN/5 S5 C

Glyceria melicaria Slender Manna Grass

LIGHT GREEN/4 S4 W

Glyceria striata Fowl Manna Grass GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Gymnocarpium dryopteris

Oak Fern GREEN/5 S5 W

Hieracium scabrum

Rough Hawkweed GREEN/5 S5 C

Huperzia lucidula Shining Clubmoss GREEN/5 S5 W

Hypericum ellipticum

Pale St. John’s‐wort

GREEN/5 S5 C

Hypericum fraseri Fraser’s Marsh St. John’s‐wort

GREEN/5 S5 C

Juncus brevicaudatus

Short‐tailed Rush GREEN/5 S5 C

Juncus effusus s.l. Soft Rush GREEN/5 S5 C

Kalmia angustifolia

Sheep Laurel GREEN/5 S5 C

Leucanthemum vulgare

Oxeye Daisy SNA SNA C

Lonicera canadensis

Canada Fly Honeysuckle

GREEN/5 S5 W

11



Habitat(s)

Luzula multiflora Many‐flowered Woodrush

GREEN/5 S5 C

Lycopodiella inundata

Northern Bog Clubmoss

GREEN/5 S5 C

Lycopodium clavatum

Running Clubmoss GREEN/5 S5 C

Lycopodium obscurum s.l.

Tree‐clubmoss GREEN/5 S5 W

Lycopus uniflorus Northern Water Horehound

GREEN/5 S5 C

Lysimachia terrestrs

Swamp Candle GREEN/5 S5 C

Maianthemum canadense

Wild Lily‐of‐the‐valley

GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Matteuccia struthiopteris

Ostrich Fern GREEN/5 S5 W

Melampyrum lineare

American Cow Wheat

GREEN/5 S5 C

Monotropa uniflora

Indian Pipe GREEN/5 S5 W

Myosotis laxa Small Forget‐me‐not

GREEN/5 S5 C

Oclemena acuminata

Wood Aster GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Oenothera biennis Common Evening Primrose

GREEN/5 S5 C

Oenothera perennis

Sundrops GREEN/5 S5 C

Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Osmunda cinnamomea

Cinnamon Fern GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Osmunda claytoniana

Interrupted Fern GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Phegopteris connectilis

Northern Beech Fern

GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Picea glauca White Spruce GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Picea rubens Red Spruce GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Poa compressa Canada Bluegrass SNA SNA C

Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass

GREEN/5 S5 C

Polygonum sagittatum

Arrow‐leaved Smartweed

GREEN/5 S5 C

Polystichum acrostichoides

Christmas Fern GREEN/5 S5 C, W

12



Habitat(s)

Populus tremuloides

Trembling Aspen GREEN/5 S5 C

Potentilla sp. a cinquefoil not a species at risk ‐ C

Prunella vulgaris Heal‐all GREEN/5 S5 C

Prunus pensylvanica

Pin Cherry GREEN/5 S5 C

Prunus serotina Black Cherry GREEN/5 S5 C

Pteridium aquilinum

Bracken GREEN/5 S5 C

Ranunculus repens

Creeping Buttercup

SNA SNA W

Rhododendron canadense

Rhodora GREEN/5 S5 C

Ribes lacustre Bristly Black Currant

GREEN/5 S5 W

Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus

Wild Raspberry GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Rubus pubescens Dewberry GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Rubus sp. a blackberry not a species at risk ‐ C

Rumex acetosella Sheep Sorrel SNA SNA C

Salix bebbiana Bebb’s Willow GREEN/5 S5 C

Salix discolor Pussy Willow GREEN/5 S5 C

Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens var. pubens

Red Elderberry GREEN/5 S5 C

Scirpus cyperinus Common Woolly Bulrush

GREEN/5 S5 C

Scutellaria galericulata

Marsh Skullcap GREEN/5 S5 W

Scutellaria lateriflora

Mad‐dog Skullcap GREEN/5 S5 W

Sisyrinchium montanum

Common Blue‐eyed Grass

GREEN/5 S5 C

Solidago bicolor White Goldenrod GREEN/5 S5 C

Solidago canadensis

Canada Goldenrod

GREEN/5 S5 C

Solidago puberula Downy Goldenrod GREEN/5 S5 C

Solidago rugosa Rough Goldenrod GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Spiraea alba var. latifolia

Meadowsweet GREEN/5 S5 C

Streptopus lanceolatus

Rose Twisted‐stalk

GREEN/5 S5 W

13



Habitat(s)

Symphyotrichum lateriflorum

Calico Aster GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Symphyotrichum puniceum

Purple‐stemmed Aster

GREEN/5 S5 C

Thelypteris noveboracensis

New York Fern GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Trientalis borealis Starflower GREEN/5 S5 C, W

Trifolium repens White Clover SNA SNA C

Vaccinium angustifolium

Lowbush Blueberry

GREEN/5 S5 C

Veronica officinalis

Common Speedwell

SNA SNA C

Viburnum alnifolium

Hobblebush GREEN/5 S5 W

Viburnum opulum ssp. trilobum var. americanum

Highbush Cranberry

LIGHT GREEN/4 S4 C

Viola cucullata Marsh Blue Violet GREEN/5 S5 W

*The Nova Scotia general status ranks used in this report are based on the ranks used in the 2015 Wild

Species of Canada Report (available at http://www.wildspecies.ca/reports ) ; GREEN/S5 = secure (at very

low or no risk of extirpation in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or

occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats; LIGHT GREEN/S4 = apparently secure (at

a fairly low risk of extirpation in the jurisdiction due to an extensive range and/or many populations or

occurrences, but with possible cause for some concern as a result of local recent declines, threats, or

other factors; SNA = non‐native (exotic).

**ACCDC: Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre (http://www.accdc.com/en/ranks.html;

explanation of status ranks: S5 = Secure (common, widespread, and abundant in the province); S4 =

Apparently Secure (uncommon but not rare; some cause for long‐term concern due to declines or

other factors); SNA = Not Applicable ‐ A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities, e.g. a non‐native species.


______________________________________________________________________________________________________

C‐1

APPENDIX C

ATLANTIC CANADA CONSERVATION DATA CENTRE

REPORT

DATA REPORT 5851: Westchester, NS Prepared 18 May 2017 by J. Churchill, Data Manager CONTENTS OF REPORT

1.0 Preface

1.1 Data List 1.2 Restrictions 1.3 Additional Information

Map 1: Buffered Study Area 2.0 Rare and Endangered Species

2.1 Flora 2.2 Fauna Map 2: Flora and Fauna

3.0 Special Areas

3.1 Managed Areas 3.2 Significant Areas Map 3: Special Areas

4.0 Rare Species Lists

4.1 Fauna 4.2 Flora 4.3 Location Sensitive Species 4.4 Source Bibliography

5.0 Rare Species within 100 km

5.1 Source Bibliography

Map 1. A 100 km buffer around the study area

1.0 PREFACE The Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre (ACCDC) is part of a network of NatureServe data centres and heritage programs serving 50 states in the U.S.A, 10 provinces and 1 territory in Canada, plus several Central and South American countries. The NatureServe network is more than 30 years old and shares a common conservation data methodology. The ACCDC was founded in 1997, and maintains data for the jurisdictions of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador. Although a non-governmental agency, the ACCDC is supported by 6 federal agencies and 4 provincial governments, as well as through outside grants and data processing fees. URL: www.ACCDC.com. Upon request and for a fee, the ACCDC queries its database and produces customized reports of the rare and endangered flora and fauna known to occur in or near a specified study area. As a supplement to that data, the ACCDC includes locations of managed areas with some level of protection, and known sites of ecological interest or sensitivity. 1.1 DATA LIST

Included datasets: Filename Contents

WestchesterNS_5851ob.xls All Rare and legally protected Flora and Fauna in your study area WestchesterNS_5851ob100km.xls A list of Rare and legally protected Flora and Fauna within 100 km of your study area WestchesterNS_5851ff.xls Rare and common Freshwater Fish in your study area (DFO database)

http://www.accdc.com/

Data Report 5851: Westchester, NS Page 2 of 24

1.2 RESTRICTIONS

The ACCDC makes a strong effort to verify the accuracy of all the data that it manages, but it shall not be held responsible for any inaccuracies in data that it provides. By accepting ACCDC data, recipients assent to the following limits of use: a) Data is restricted to use by trained personnel who are sensitive to landowner interests and to potential threats to rare

and/or endangered flora and fauna posed by the information provided. b) Data is restricted to use by the specified Data User; any third party requiring data must make its own data request. c) The ACCDC requires Data Users to cease using and delete data 12 months after receipt, and to make a new request

for updated data if necessary at that time. d) ACCDC data responses are restricted to the data in our Data System at the time of the data request. e) Each record has an estimate of locational uncertainty, which must be referenced in order to understand the record’s

relevance to a particular location. Please see attached Data Dictionary for details. f) ACCDC data responses are not to be construed as exhaustive inventories of taxa in an area. g) The absence of a taxon cannot be inferred by its absence in an ACCDC data response.

1.3 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The attached file DataDictionary 2.1.pdf provides metadata for the data provided.

Please direct any additional questions about ACCDC data to the following individuals:

Plants, Lichens, Ranking Methods, All other Inquiries

Sean Blaney, Senior Scientist, Executive Director Tel: (506) 364-2658 [email protected] Animals (Fauna)

John Klymko, Zoologist Tel: (506) 364-2660 [email protected]

Plant Communities

Sarah Robinson, Community Ecologist Tel: (506) 364-2664 [email protected]

Data Management, GIS

James Churchill, Data Manager Tel: (902) 679-6146 [email protected]

Billing

Jean Breau Tel: (506) 364-2657 [email protected]

Questions on the biology of Federal Species at Risk can be directed to ACCDC: (506) 364-2658, with questions on Species at Risk regulations to: Samara Eaton, Canadian Wildlife Service (NB and PE): (506) 364-5060 or Julie McKnight, Canadian Wildlife Service (NS): (902) 426-4196.

For provincial information about rare taxa and protected areas, or information about game animals, deer yards, old growth forests, archeological sites, fish habitat etc., in New Brunswick, please contact Stewart Lusk, Natural Resources: (506) 453-7110.

For provincial information about rare taxa and protected areas, or information about game animals, deer yards, old growth forests, archeological sites, fish habitat etc., in Nova Scotia, please contact Sherman Boates, NSDNR: (902) 679-6146. To determine if location-sensitive species (section 4.3) occur near your study site please contact a NSDNR Regional Biologist:

Western: Duncan Bayne (902) 648-3536 [email protected] Eastern: Mark Pulsifer (902) 863-7523 [email protected]

Western: Donald Sam (902) 634-7525 [email protected] Eastern: Donald Anderson (902) 295-3949 [email protected]

Central: Shavonne Meyer (902) 893-6353 [email protected] Eastern: Terry Power (902) 563-3370 [email protected]

Central: Kimberly George (902) 893-5630 [email protected]

For provincial information about rare taxa and protected areas, or information about game animals, fish habitat etc., in Prince Edward Island, please contact Garry Gregory, PEI Dept. of Communities, Land and Environment: (902) 569-7595.

mailto:[email protected]











2.0 RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

2.1 FLORA

The study area contains 1 record of 1 vascular, no records of nonvascular flora (Map 2 and attached: *ob.xls).

2.2 FAUNA

The study area contains 36 records of 12 vertebrate, no records of invertebrate fauna (Map 2 and attached data files - see 1.1 Data List). Please see section 4.3 to determine if 'location-sensitive' species occur near your study site. Map 2: Known observations of rare and/or protected flora and fauna within the study area.


3.0 SPECIAL AREAS

3.1 MANAGED AREAS

The GIS scan identified no managed areas in the vicinity of the study area (Map 3)

3.2 SIGNIFICANT AREAS

The GIS scan identified no biologically significant sites in the vicinity of the study area (Map 3)

Map 3: Boundaries and/or locations of known Managed and Significant Areas within the study area.


4.0 RARE SPECIES LISTS Rare and/or endangered taxa (excluding “location-sensitive” species, section 4.3) within the study area listed in order of concern, beginning with legally listed taxa, with the number of observations per taxon and the distance in kilometers from study area centroid to the closest observation (± the precision, in km, of the record). [P] = vascular plant, [N] = nonvascular plant, [A] = vertebrate animal, [I] = invertebrate animal, [C] = community. Note: records are from attached files *ob.xls/*ob.shp only.

4.1 FLORA

Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km)

P Polygala sanguinea Blood Milkwort

S3 3 Sensitive 1 3.4 ± 5.0

4.2 FAUNA

Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km)

A Contopus cooperi Olive-sided Flycatcher Threatened Threatened Threatened S2B 1 At Risk 5 1.2 ± 0.0 A Contopus virens Eastern Wood-Pewee Special Concern

Vulnerable S3S4B 3 Sensitive 3 1.1 ± 0.0

A Coccothraustes vespertinus Evening Grosbeak Special Concern

S3S4B,S3N 4 Secure 2 2.1 ± 0.0 A Dendroica tigrina Cape May Warbler

S2B 3 Sensitive 3 1.2 ± 0.0

A Carduelis pinus Pine Siskin

S2S3 3 Sensitive 1 1.4 ± 0.0 A Pinicola enucleator Pine Grosbeak

S2S3B,S5N 2 May Be At Risk 1 2.1 ± 0.0

A Poecile hudsonica Boreal Chickadee

S3 3 Sensitive 4 1.3 ± 0.0 A Sitta canadensis Red-breasted Nuthatch

S3 4 Secure 2 1.4 ± 0.0

A Empidonax flaviventris Yellow-bellied Flycatcher

S3S4B 3 Sensitive 5 1.1 ± 0.0 A Regulus calendula Ruby-crowned Kinglet

S3S4B 3 Sensitive 3 1.6 ± 0.0

A Catharus ustulatus Swainson's Thrush

S3S4B 4 Secure 3 1.8 ± 0.0 A Dendroica castanea Bay-breasted Warbler

S3S4B 3 Sensitive 4 1.5 ± 0.0

4.3 LOCATION SENSITIVE SPECIES

The Department of Natural Resources in each Maritimes province considers a number of species “location sensitive”. Concern about exploitation of location-sensitive species precludes inclusion of precise coordinates in this report. Those intersecting your study area are indicated below with “YES”. Nova Scotia Scientific Name Common Name SARA Prov Legal Prot Known within the Study Site? Fraxinus nigra Black Ash Threatened No Emydoidea blandingii Blanding's Turtle - Nova Scotia pop. Endangered Vulnerable No Glyptemys insculpta Wood Turtle Threatened Threatened No Falco peregrinus pop. 1 Peregrine Falcon - anatum/tundrius pop. Special Concern Vulnerable No Bat Hibernaculum [Endangered]1 [Endangered]1 No 1 Myotis lucifugus (Little Brown Myotis), Myotis septentrionalis (Long-eared Myotis), and Perimyotis subflavus (Tri-colored Bat or Eastern Pipistrelle) are all Endangered under the Federal Species at Risk Act and the NS Endangered Species Act.


4.4 SOURCE BIBLIOGRAPHY

The recipient of these data shall acknowledge the ACCDC and the data sources listed below in any documents, reports, publications or presentations, in which this dataset makes a significant contribution.

# recs CITATION 23 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M. 2012. Fieldwork 2012. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 13,278 recs. 7 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M. 2011. Fieldwork 2011. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB. 6 Lepage, D. 2014. Maritime Breeding Bird Atlas Database. Bird Studies Canada, Sackville NB, 407,838 recs. 1 Benjamin, L.K. (compiler). 2007. Significant Habitat & Species Database. Nova Scotia Dept Natural Resources, 8439 recs. 1 Newell, R.E. 2005. E.C. Smith Digital Herbarium. E.C. Smith Herbarium, Irving Biodiversity Collection, Acadia University, Web site: http://luxor.acadiau.ca/library/Herbarium/project/. 582 recs.

5.0 RARE SPECIES WITHIN 100 KM

A 100 km buffer around the study area contains 43024 records of 145 vertebrate and 1164 records of 68 invertebrate fauna; 7212 records of 305 vascular, 442 records of 111 nonvascular flora (attached: *ob100km.xls). Taxa within 100 km of the study site that are rare and/or endangered in the province in which the study site occurs. All ranks correspond to the province in which the study site falls, even for out-of-province records. Taxa are listed in order of concern, beginning with legally listed taxa, with the number of observations per taxon and the distance in kilometers from study area centroid to the closest observation (± the precision, in km, of the record). Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov A Myotis lucifugus Little Brown Myotis Endangered Endangered Endangered S1 1 At Risk 62 14.2 ± 0.0 NS A Myotis septentrionalis Northern Long-eared Myotis Endangered Endangered Endangered S1 1 At Risk 78 14.2 ± 0.0 NS A Perimyotis subflavus Eastern Pipistrelle Endangered Endangered Endangered S1 1 At Risk 18 36.4 ± 0.0 NS A Salmo salar pop. 1 Atlantic Salmon - Inner Bay of Fundy pop. Endangered Endangered S1 2 May Be At Risk 35 16.1 ± 1.0 NS

A Charadrius melodus melodus

Piping Plover melodus ssp Endangered Endangered Endangered S1B 1 At Risk 426 26.4 ± 0.0 NS

A Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern Endangered Endangered Endangered S1B 1 At Risk 1 89.9 ± 0.0 NS A Morone saxatilis pop. 2 Striped Bass- Bay of Fundy pop. Endangered S1B 2 May Be At Risk 4 69.9 ± 0.0 NS

A Dermochelys coriacea (Atlantic pop.)

Leatherback Sea Turtle - Atlantic pop. Endangered Endangered S1S2N 2 54.7 ± 1.0 NB

A Calidris canutus rufa Red Knot rufa ssp Endangered Endangered S2M 1 At Risk 554 26.4 ± 0.0 NS A Caprimulgus vociferus Whip-Poor-Will Threatened Threatened Threatened S1?B 1 At Risk 13 17.5 ± 7.0 NS A Catharus bicknelli Bicknell's Thrush Threatened Special Concern Endangered S1S2B 1 At Risk 5 36.8 ± 7.0 NS A Glyptemys insculpta Wood Turtle Threatened Threatened Threatened S2 3 Sensitive 203 7.3 ± 0.0 NS A Acipenser oxyrinchus Atlantic Sturgeon Threatened S2 2 May Be At Risk 5 58.3 ± 0.0 NS A Anguilla rostrata American Eel Threatened S2 4 Secure 10 14.7 ± 1.0 NS A Chordeiles minor Common Nighthawk Threatened Threatened Threatened S2B 1 At Risk 374 14.2 ± 7.0 NS A Contopus cooperi Olive-sided Flycatcher Threatened Threatened Threatened S2B 1 At Risk 799 1.2 ± 0.0 NS A Chaetura pelagica Chimney Swift Threatened Threatened Endangered S2B,S1M 1 At Risk 327 5.4 ± 0.0 NS A Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Threatened Endangered S2S3B 1 At Risk 1262 5.1 ± 7.0 NS A Riparia riparia Bank Swallow Threatened S2S3B 2 May Be At Risk 721 7.1 ± 7.0 NS A Wilsonia canadensis Canada Warbler Threatened Threatened Endangered S3B 1 At Risk 742 5.1 ± 7.0 NS A Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink Threatened Vulnerable S3S4B 3 Sensitive 1173 7.1 ± 7.0 NS A Sturnella magna Eastern Meadowlark Threatened SHB 3 Sensitive 5 58.1 ± 1.0 NB A Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern Threatened Threatened SUB 5 Undetermined 12 45.0 ± 0.0 NS A Hylocichla mustelina Wood Thrush Threatened SUB 5 Undetermined 50 15.2 ± 7.0 NS

A Falco peregrinus pop. 1

Peregrine Falcon - anatum/tundrius Special Concern Special Concern Vulnerable S1B,SNAM 3 Sensitive 280 35.0 ± 0.0 NS

A Bucephala islandica (Eastern pop.)

Barrow's Goldeneye - Eastern pop. Special Concern Special Concern S1N 1 At Risk 67 31.5 ± 1.0 NS

A Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl Special Concern Special Concern S1S2B 2 May Be At Risk 40 35.2 ± 7.0 NS A Euphagus carolinus Rusty Blackbird Special Concern Special Concern Endangered S2B 2 May Be At Risk 179 16.6 ± 7.0 NS A Balaenoptera physalus Fin Whale - Atlantic pop. Special Concern Special Concern S2S3 1 82.0 ± 1.0 NB


Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov A Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope Special Concern S2S3M 3 Sensitive 16 28.7 ± 0.0 NS A Chelydra serpentina Snapping Turtle Special Concern Special Concern Vulnerable S3 3 Sensitive 62 14.8 ± 0.0 NS A Contopus virens Eastern Wood-Pewee Special Concern Vulnerable S3S4B 3 Sensitive 841 1.1 ± 0.0 NS

A Coccothraustes vespertinus

Evening Grosbeak Special Concern S3S4B,S3N 4 Secure 404 2.1 ± 0.0 NS

A Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe Special Concern S4N 4 Secure 48 60.1 ± 0.0 NB A Lynx canadensis Canadian Lynx Not At Risk Endangered S1 1 At Risk 6 70.8 ± 1.0 NB A Accipiter cooperii Cooper's Hawk Not At Risk S1?B 5 Undetermined 4 73.5 ± 7.0 NS A Fulica americana American Coot Not At Risk S1B 5 Undetermined 50 42.0 ± 0.0 NS A Chlidonias niger Black Tern Not At Risk S1B 2 May Be At Risk 55 44.7 ± 0.0 NS A Sorex dispar Long-tailed Shrew Not At Risk Special Concern S2 3 Sensitive 6 12.6 ± 5.0 NS A Aegolius funereus Boreal Owl Not At Risk S2?B 5 Undetermined 11 27.2 ± 7.0 NS A Glaucomys volans Southern Flying Squirrel Not At Risk Special Concern S2S3 3 Sensitive 6 70.9 ± 10.0 NS A Globicephala melas Long-finned Pilot Whale Not At Risk S2S3 1 88.0 ± 100.0 NS

A Hemidactylium scutatum

Four-toed Salamander Not At Risk S3 4 Secure 23 13.1 ± 0.0 NS

A Sterna hirundo Common Tern Not At Risk S3B 3 Sensitive 372 26.5 ± 7.0 NS A Sialia sialis Eastern Bluebird Not At Risk S3B 3 Sensitive 188 20.5 ± 0.0 NS A Buteo lagopus Rough-legged Hawk Not At Risk S3N 4 Secure 4 56.0 ± 1.0 NB A Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk Not At Risk S3S4 4 Secure 147 7.1 ± 7.0 NS

A Lagenorhynchus acutus

Atlantic White-sided Dolphin Not At Risk S3S4 2 68.7 ± 1.0 NB

A Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier Not At Risk S3S4B 4 Secure 500 14.8 ± 7.0 NS A Ammodramus nelsoni Nelson's Sparrow Not At Risk S3S4B 4 Secure 371 15.2 ± 7.0 NS A Martes americana American Marten Endangered S1 1 At Risk 1 98.5 ± 0.0 NB A Alces americanus Moose Endangered S1 1 At Risk 108 10.1 ± 0.0 NS A Salmo salar Atlantic Salmon S1 2 May Be At Risk 44 13.8 ± 50.0 NS A Picoides dorsalis American Three-toed Woodpecker S1? 5 Undetermined 5 31.9 ± 0.0 NS A Passerina cyanea Indigo Bunting S1?B 5 Undetermined 24 26.5 ± 0.0 NS A Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night-heron S1B 2 May Be At Risk 3 58.0 ± 1.0 NB A Anas acuta Northern Pintail S1B 2 May Be At Risk 124 14.6 ± 0.0 NS A Oxyura jamaicensis Ruddy Duck S1B 4 Secure 87 45.0 ± 7.0 NS A Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen S1B 5 Undetermined 34 37.2 ± 7.0 NS A Myiarchus crinitus Great Crested Flycatcher S1B 2 May Be At Risk 36 21.1 ± 7.0 NS A Cistothorus palustris Marsh Wren S1B 5 Undetermined 35 44.8 ± 0.0 NS A Mimus polyglottos Northern Mockingbird S1B 4 Secure 116 21.1 ± 7.0 NS A Toxostoma rufum Brown Thrasher S1B 5 Undetermined 19 33.2 ± 0.0 NS A Vireo gilvus Warbling Vireo S1B 5 Undetermined 39 34.0 ± 7.0 NS A Dendroica pinus Pine Warbler S1B 5 Undetermined 57 14.8 ± 7.0 NS A Calidris minutilla Least Sandpiper S1B,S3M 4 Secure 1046 21.1 ± 0.0 NS

A Charadrius semipalmatus

Semipalmated Plover S1B,S3S4M 4 Secure 1621 21.1 ± 0.0 NS

A Pluvialis dominica American Golden-Plover S1S2M 3 Sensitive 167 22.9 ± 0.0 NS A Limosa haemastica Hudsonian Godwit S1S2M 3 Sensitive 259 21.1 ± 0.0 NS A Vireo philadelphicus Philadelphia Vireo S2?B 5 Undetermined 42 17.5 ± 7.0 NS A Anas clypeata Northern Shoveler S2B 2 May Be At Risk 209 21.1 ± 7.0 NS A Anas strepera Gadwall S2B 2 May Be At Risk 203 26.5 ± 7.0 NS A Empidonax traillii Willow Flycatcher S2B 3 Sensitive 54 14.2 ± 7.0 NS A Dendroica tigrina Cape May Warbler S2B 3 Sensitive 226 1.2 ± 0.0 NS A Piranga olivacea Scarlet Tanager S2B 5 Undetermined 33 14.0 ± 7.0 NS A Pooecetes gramineus Vesper Sparrow S2B 2 May Be At Risk 92 5.1 ± 7.0 NS A Molothrus ater Brown-headed Cowbird S2B 4 Secure 220 9.1 ± 7.0 NS A Bucephala clangula Common Goldeneye S2B,S5N 4 Secure 86 23.7 ± 5.0 NS A Branta bernicla Brant S2M 3 Sensitive 28 34.0 ± 0.0 NS A Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant S2S3 3 Sensitive 62 59.3 ± 0.0 NB A Asio otus Long-eared Owl S2S3 2 May Be At Risk 30 24.3 ± 7.0 NS A Carduelis pinus Pine Siskin S2S3 3 Sensitive 393 1.4 ± 0.0 NS


Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov A Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture S2S3B 3 Sensitive 113 39.0 ± 7.0 NS A Rallus limicola Virginia Rail S2S3B 5 Undetermined 157 26.5 ± 7.0 NS A Tringa semipalmata Willet S2S3B 2 May Be At Risk 799 26.4 ± 0.0 NS

A Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

Cliff Swallow S2S3B 2 May Be At Risk 461 6.1 ± 0.0 NS

A Pheucticus ludovicianus

Rose-breasted Grosbeak S2S3B 3 Sensitive 569 5.1 ± 7.0 NS

A Icterus galbula Baltimore Oriole S2S3B 2 May Be At Risk 85 14.8 ± 7.0 NS A Pinicola enucleator Pine Grosbeak S2S3B,S5N 2 May Be At Risk 90 2.1 ± 0.0 NS

A Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus

Hudsonian Whimbrel S2S3M 3 Sensitive 170 26.4 ± 0.0 NS

A Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper S2S3M 4 Secure 308 21.1 ± 0.0 NS A Phalaropus fulicarius Red Phalarope S2S3M 3 Sensitive 2 71.9 ± 0.0 NB A Perisoreus canadensis Gray Jay S3 3 Sensitive 503 5.1 ± 7.0 NS A Poecile hudsonica Boreal Chickadee S3 3 Sensitive 508 1.3 ± 0.0 NS A Sitta canadensis Red-breasted Nuthatch S3 4 Secure 1055 1.4 ± 0.0 NS A Alosa pseudoharengus Alewife S3 3 Sensitive 22 30.1 ± 0.0 NS A Salvelinus fontinalis Brook Trout S3 3 Sensitive 19 56.4 ± 0.0 NS A Salvelinus namaycush Lake Trout S3 3 Sensitive 2 81.9 ± 0.0 NS A Sorex maritimensis Maritime Shrew S3 4 Secure 105 56.2 ± 1.0 NB A Synaptomys cooperi Southern Bog Lemming S3 4 Secure 17 64.0 ± 0.0 NS A Pekania pennanti Fisher S3 3 Sensitive 2 51.3 ± 0.0 NS A Calidris maritima Purple Sandpiper S3?N 3 Sensitive 68 52.6 ± 15.0 NS A Calcarius lapponicus Lapland Longspur S3?N 4 Secure 35 56.8 ± 2.0 NB A Falco sparverius American Kestrel S3B 4 Secure 550 5.1 ± 7.0 NS A Charadrius vociferus Killdeer S3B 3 Sensitive 942 7.5 ± 7.0 NS A Gallinago delicata Wilson's Snipe S3B 3 Sensitive 865 5.1 ± 7.0 NS A Sterna paradisaea Arctic Tern S3B 2 May Be At Risk 7 56.4 ± 0.0 NB

A Coccyzus erythropthalmus

Black-billed Cuckoo S3B 2 May Be At Risk 110 14.0 ± 7.0 NS

A Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern Kingbird S3B 3 Sensitive 453 7.1 ± 7.0 NS A Dumetella carolinensis Gray Catbird S3B 2 May Be At Risk 504 7.1 ± 7.0 NS A Wilsonia pusilla Wilson's Warbler S3B 3 Sensitive 96 14.0 ± 7.0 NS A Tringa melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs S3B,S3S4M 3 Sensitive 1875 21.1 ± 0.0 NS

A Oceanodroma leucorhoa

Leach's Storm-Petrel S3B,S5M 4 Secure 1 85.9 ± 0.0 NB

A Rissa tridactyla Black-legged Kittiwake S3B,S5N 3 Sensitive 1 35.3 ± 0.0 NS A Fratercula arctica Atlantic Puffin S3B,S5N 3 Sensitive 3 62.4 ± 0.0 NB A Pluvialis squatarola Black-bellied Plover S3M 4 Secure 1620 21.1 ± 0.0 NS A Tringa flavipes Lesser Yellowlegs S3M 4 Secure 1140 21.1 ± 0.0 NS A Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone S3M 4 Secure 688 21.1 ± 0.0 NS A Calidris pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper S3M 3 Sensitive 2105 21.1 ± 0.0 NS A Calidris fuscicollis White-rumped Sandpiper S3M 4 Secure 954 21.1 ± 0.0 NS A Limnodromus griseus Short-billed Dowitcher S3M 4 Secure 1203 22.9 ± 0.0 NS A Calidris alba Sanderling S3M,S2N 4 Secure 1358 21.1 ± 0.0 NS

A Chroicocephalus ridibundus

Black-headed Gull S3N 4 Secure 8 55.6 ± 4.0 NB

A Somateria mollissima Common Eider S3S4 4 Secure 127 35.6 ± 7.0 NS A Picoides arcticus Black-backed Woodpecker S3S4 3 Sensitive 131 5.1 ± 7.0 NS A Loxia curvirostra Red Crossbill S3S4 4 Secure 134 17.7 ± 7.0 NS A Sorex palustris American Water Shrew S3S4 4 Secure 1 56.2 ± 1.0 NB A Botaurus lentiginosus American Bittern S3S4B 3 Sensitive 483 14.8 ± 7.0 NS A Anas discors Blue-winged Teal S3S4B 2 May Be At Risk 365 15.3 ± 0.0 NS A Actitis macularius Spotted Sandpiper S3S4B 3 Sensitive 804 5.1 ± 7.0 NS A Empidonax flaviventris Yellow-bellied Flycatcher S3S4B 3 Sensitive 549 1.1 ± 0.0 NS A Regulus calendula Ruby-crowned Kinglet S3S4B 3 Sensitive 1359 1.6 ± 0.0 NS A Catharus fuscescens Veery S3S4B 4 Secure 529 5.1 ± 7.0 NS


Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov A Catharus ustulatus Swainson's Thrush S3S4B 4 Secure 1512 1.8 ± 0.0 NS A Vermivora peregrina Tennessee Warbler S3S4B 3 Sensitive 408 5.1 ± 7.0 NS A Dendroica castanea Bay-breasted Warbler S3S4B 3 Sensitive 488 1.5 ± 0.0 NS A Dendroica striata Blackpoll Warbler S3S4B 3 Sensitive 74 7.5 ± 7.0 NS A Passerella iliaca Fox Sparrow S3S4B 4 Secure 11 15.2 ± 7.0 NS A Mergus serrator Red-breasted Merganser S3S4B,S5N 4 Secure 154 16.6 ± 7.0 NS A Bucephala albeola Bufflehead S3S4N 4 Secure 66 36.2 ± 11.0 NS A Leucophaeus atricilla Laughing Gull SHB 4 Secure 7 54.4 ± 0.0 NB A Progne subis Purple Martin SHB 2 May Be At Risk 40 17.0 ± 7.0 NS A Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark SHB,S4S5N 4 Secure 21 27.3 ± 7.0 NS A Morus bassanus Northern Gannet SHB,S5M 4 Secure 110 54.9 ± 0.0 NB A Aythya americana Redhead SHB,SNAM 4 Secure 10 45.0 ± 7.0 NS I Gomphus ventricosus Skillet Clubtail Endangered S1 2 May Be At Risk 2 75.0 ± 0.0 NS I Danaus plexippus Monarch Endangered Special Concern S2B 3 Sensitive 102 9.1 ± 0.0 NS I Barnea truncata Atlantic Mud-piddock Threatened S1 1 At Risk 1 21.2 ± 1.0 NS I Alasmidonta varicosa Brook Floater Special Concern Threatened S1S2 3 Sensitive 10 9.2 ± 0.0 NS I Bombus terricola Yellow-banded Bumblebee Special Concern S3 3 Sensitive 10 44.7 ± 0.0 NS I Cicindela formosa Big Sand Tiger Beetle S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 81.5 ± 1.0 NS

I Papilio brevicauda bretonensis

Short-tailed Swallowtail S1 1 At Risk 1 90.7 ± 0.0 NB

I Satyrium acadica Acadian Hairstreak S1 5 Undetermined 12 28.2 ± 0.0 NS I Erora laeta Early Hairstreak S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 76.2 ± 0.0 PE I Neurocordulia michaeli Broadtailed Shadowdragon S1 2 97.2 ± 0.0 NS

I Somatochlora brevicincta

Quebec Emerald S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 45.3 ± 1.0 NS

I Leptodea ochracea Tidewater Mucket S1 3 Sensitive 22 32.4 ± 0.0 NS I Strophitus undulatus Creeper S1 2 May Be At Risk 6 18.2 ± 0.0 NS I Chlosyne nycteis Silvery Checkerspot S1? 5 Undetermined 2 94.8 ± 0.0 NB I Polygonia comma Eastern Comma S1? 1 At Risk 3 73.8 ± 1.0 NS I Polygonia satyrus Satyr Comma S1? 3 Sensitive 3 86.4 ± 100.0 PE I Nymphalis l-album Compton Tortoiseshell S1S2 4 Secure 10 34.7 ± 1.0 NS

I Somatochlora kennedyi

Kennedy's Emerald S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 6 45.4 ± 0.0 NS

I Coenagrion resolutum Taiga Bluet S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 36 27.2 ± 0.0 NS I Stylurus scudderi Zebra Clubtail S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 7 71.6 ± 1.0 NS I Lycaena hyllus Bronze Copper S2 4 Secure 75 28.9 ± 0.0 NS I Lycaena dospassosi Salt Marsh Copper S2 1 At Risk 81 30.1 ± 0.0 NS I Satyrium calanus Banded Hairstreak S2 5 Undetermined 5 28.1 ± 1.0 NS I Boloria chariclea Arctic Fritillary S2 3 Sensitive 13 32.5 ± 1.0 NS I Aglais milberti Milbert's Tortoiseshell S2 4 Secure 17 27.0 ± 1.0 NS I Epitheca princeps Prince Baskettail S2 3 Sensitive 16 13.0 ± 1.0 NS

I Somatochlora williamsoni

Williamson's Emerald S2 2 May Be At Risk 7 51.0 ± 0.0 NS

I Williamsonia fletcheri Ebony Boghaunter S2 2 May Be At Risk 9 23.7 ± 0.0 NS I Enallagma signatum Orange Bluet S2 2 May Be At Risk 1 81.0 ± 0.0 NS

I Margaritifera margaritifera

Eastern Pearlshell S2 3 Sensitive 127 6.1 ± 1.0 NS

I Pantala hymenaea Spot-Winged Glider S2?B 3 Sensitive 1 45.3 ± 1.0 NS I Thorybes pylades Northern Cloudywing S2S3 3 Sensitive 8 22.5 ± 1.0 NS I Amblyscirtes hegon Pepper and Salt Skipper S2S3 4 Secure 14 73.1 ± 1.0 NS I Satyrium liparops Striped Hairstreak S2S3 5 Undetermined 10 32.6 ± 1.0 NS

I Satyrium liparops strigosum

Striped Hairstreak S2S3 3 Sensitive 3 86.6 ± 10.0 PE

I Euphydryas phaeton Baltimore Checkerspot S2S3 4 Secure 29 16.6 ± 1.0 NS I Gomphus descriptus Harpoon Clubtail S2S3 3 Sensitive 3 13.0 ± 1.0 NS

I Ophiogomphus aspersus

Brook Snaketail S2S3 2 May Be At Risk 5 16.8 ± 0.0 NS


Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov

I Ophiogomphus mainensis

Maine Snaketail S2S3 2 May Be At Risk 8 46.9 ± 0.0 NS

I Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis

Rusty Snaketail S2S3 2 May Be At Risk 19 71.0 ± 0.0 NS

I Somatochlora forcipata Forcipate Emerald S2S3 2 May Be At Risk 1 97.6 ± 1.0 NB I Somatochlora franklini Delicate Emerald S2S3 3 Sensitive 4 14.1 ± 1.0 NS I Alasmidonta undulata Triangle Floater S2S3 4 Secure 32 46.6 ± 0.0 NS I Carabus maeander a Ground Beetle S3 3 Sensitive 1 97.7 ± 1.0 NB

I Hippodamia parenthesis

Parenthesis Lady Beetle S3 5 Undetermined 6 60.9 ± 0.0 NB

I Naemia seriata a Ladybird beetle S3 3 Sensitive 1 67.2 ± 1.0 NS I Chilocorus stigma Twice-stabbed Lady Beetle S3 4 Secure 1 97.7 ± 1.0 NB I Callophrys henrici Henry's Elfin S3 4 Secure 4 77.2 ± 1.0 NS

I Callophrys lanoraieensis

Bog Elfin S3 2 May Be At Risk 9 64.8 ± 0.0 NB

I Speyeria aphrodite Aphrodite Fritillary S3 4 Secure 19 16.6 ± 1.0 NS I Polygonia faunus Green Comma S3 4 Secure 22 8.1 ± 0.0 NS I Megisto cymela Little Wood-satyr S3 4 Secure 17 18.2 ± 0.0 NS I Oeneis jutta Jutta Arctic S3 2 May Be At Risk 21 35.4 ± 0.0 NS I Aeshna clepsydra Mottled Darner S3 4 Secure 3 70.4 ± 0.0 NS I Aeshna constricta Lance-Tipped Darner S3 4 Secure 30 17.8 ± 0.0 NS I Boyeria grafiana Ocellated Darner S3 3 Sensitive 4 17.8 ± 0.0 NS

I Gomphaeschna furcillata

Harlequin Darner S3 3 Sensitive 5 60.0 ± 1.0 NS

I Somatochlora tenebrosa

Clamp-Tipped Emerald S3 4 Secure 8 44.5 ± 0.0 NS

I Nannothemis bella Elfin Skimmer S3 4 Secure 23 49.9 ± 0.0 NS I Sympetrum danae Black Meadowhawk S3 3 Sensitive 1 85.8 ± 1.0 PE I Enallagma vernale Vernal Bluet S3 5 Undetermined 4 13.0 ± 1.0 NS I Amphiagrion saucium Eastern Red Damsel S3 4 Secure 5 42.8 ± 1.0 NS

I Polygonia interrogationis

Question Mark S3B 4 Secure 121 15.5 ± 0.0 NS

I Erynnis juvenalis Juvenal's Duskywing S3S4 4 Secure 21 28.1 ± 1.0 NS I Amblyscirtes vialis Common Roadside-Skipper S3S4 4 Secure 17 44.3 ± 1.0 NS I Polygonia progne Grey Comma S3S4 4 Secure 32 8.9 ± 0.0 NS I Lanthus parvulus Northern Pygmy Clubtail S3S4 4 Secure 6 6.4 ± 0.0 NS I Lampsilis radiata Eastern Lampmussel S3S4 3 Sensitive 57 13.7 ± 0.0 NS

N Erioderma pedicellatum (Atlantic pop.)

Boreal Felt Lichen - Atlantic pop. Endangered Endangered Endangered S1 1 At Risk 75 91.0 ± 0.0 NS

N Erioderma mollissimum Graceful Felt Lichen Endangered Endangered S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 3 91.3 ± 0.0 NS N Peltigera hydrothyria Eastern Waterfan Threatened S1 2 May Be At Risk 4 16.5 ± 1.0 NS N Anzia colpodes Black-foam Lichen Threatened S3 3 Sensitive 4 91.3 ± 0.0 NS

N Sclerophora peronella (Nova Scotia pop.)

Frosted Glass-whiskers Lichen - Nova Scotia pop. Special Concern Special Concern S1? 5 63.8 ± 0.0 NS

N Degelia plumbea Blue Felt Lichen Special Concern Special Concern Vulnerable S3 4 Secure 8 74.8 ± 0.0 NS N Fissidens exilis Pygmy Pocket Moss Not At Risk S1S2 1 At Risk 3 57.1 ± 1.0 NS N Pseudevernia cladonia Ghost Antler Lichen Not At Risk S2S3 3 Sensitive 7 91.1 ± 0.0 NS N Aloina brevirostris Short-Beaked Rigid Screw Moss S1 1 73.2 ± 2.0 NS N Collema cristatum Fingered Tarpaper Lichen S1 5 Undetermined 3 67.8 ± 0.0 NS N Peltigera lepidophora Scaly Pelt Lichen S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 66.1 ± 0.0 NS N Aloina rigida Aloe-Like Rigid Screw Moss S1? 2 May Be At Risk 4 16.3 ± 0.0 NS

N Campylostelium saxicola

a Moss S1? 3 Sensitive 2 76.0 ± 0.0 PE

N Conardia compacta Coast Creeping Moss S1? 3 Sensitive 1 99.4 ± 1.0 NB N Tortula obtusifolia a Moss S1? 5 Undetermined 2 43.8 ± 1.0 NS N Paludella squarrosa Tufted Fen Moss S1? 3 Sensitive 2 66.4 ± 0.0 NS


Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov N Timmia norvegica a moss S1? 3 Sensitive 2 99.1 ± 0.0 NB N Trichodon cylindricus Cylindric Hairy-teeth Moss S1? 1 92.0 ± 3.0 NS

N Aulacomnium heterostichum

One-sided Groove Moss S1S2 3 Sensitive 2 32.0 ± 1.0 NS

N Brachythecium turgidum

Thick Ragged Moss S1S2 3 Sensitive 3 86.7 ± 0.0 NS

N Ctenidium molluscum Mollusc Ctenidium moss S1S2 1 90.9 ± 2.0 NS N Dicranoweisia crispula Mountain Thatch Moss S1S2 3 Sensitive 1 96.0 ± 0.0 NB N Didymodon rigidulus Rigid Screw Moss S1S2 3 Sensitive 8 97.9 ± 2.0 NB N Didymodon ferrugineus a moss S1S2 3 Sensitive 1 98.9 ± 0.0 NB N Hypnum pratense Meadow Plait Moss S1S2 3 Sensitive 1 91.0 ± 3.0 NS N Mnium thomsonii Thomson's Leafy Moss S1S2 3 Sensitive 1 72.0 ± 2.0 NS

N Plagiothecium latebricola

Alder Silk Moss S1S2 3 Sensitive 2 31.3 ± 3.0 NS

N Seligeria calcarea Chalk Brittle Moss S1S2 3 Sensitive 2 98.9 ± 0.0 NB

N Sematophyllum demissum

a Moss S1S2 3 Sensitive 1 86.4 ± 2.0 NS

N Sphagnum platyphyllum

Flat-leaved Peat Moss S1S2 2 83.8 ± 3.0 NS

N Tetrodontium brownianum

Little Georgia S1S2 3 Sensitive 6 94.9 ± 1.0 NB

N Timmia megapolitana Metropolitan Timmia Moss S1S2 3 Sensitive 3 16.1 ± 0.0 NS N Tortula mucronifolia Mucronate Screw Moss S1S2 3 Sensitive 1 56.8 ± 3.0 NS

N Bryohaplocladium microphyllum

Tiny-leaved Haplocladium Moss S1S2 1 36.0 ± 5.0 NS

N Sticta limbata Powdered Moon Lichen S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 2 94.0 ± 0.0 NS

N Anacamptodon splachnoides

a Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 1 31.3 ± 3.0 NS

N Anomodon viticulosus a Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 1 18.1 ± 5.0 NS

N Weissia muhlenbergiana


N Atrichum angustatum Lesser Smoothcap Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 2 15.4 ± 5.0 NS N Bryum algovicum a Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 1 73.2 ± 2.0 NS N Campylium polygamum a Moss S2? 5 Undetermined 2 85.4 ± 0.0 PE N Campylium radicale Long-stalked Fine Wet Moss S2? 5 Undetermined 1 91.0 ± 3.0 NS

N Dicranum condensatum

Condensed Broom Moss S2? 5 Undetermined 2 91.0 ± 3.0 NS

N Ditrichum rhynchostegium

a Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 2 84.7 ± 0.0 PE

N Fissidens taxifolius Yew-leaved Pocket Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 2 73.1 ± 5.0 NS N Hygrohypnum bestii Best's Brook Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 1 93.6 ± 1.0 NB

N Orthotrichum anomalum

Anomalous Bristle Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 4 77.4 ± 2.0 NS

N Philonotis marchica a Moss S2? 5 Undetermined 2 50.4 ± 0.0 NS

N Physcomitrium collenchymatum


N Platydictya jungermannioides

False Willow Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 2 98.9 ± 0.0 NB

N Racomitrium affine a Moss S2? 5 Undetermined 2 80.6 ± 2.0 NS N Rhytidium rugosum Wrinkle-leaved Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 1 98.8 ± 1.0 NB N Saelania glaucescens Blue Dew Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 3 39.2 ± 0.0 NS N Seligeria donniana Donian Beardless Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 1 38.2 ± 3.0 NS

N Sematophyllum marylandicum


N Tetraplodon angustatus

Toothed-leaved Nitrogen Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 1 90.8 ± 0.0 NS

N Tortella fragilis Fragile Twisted Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 1 99.1 ± 0.0 NB


Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov N Anomobryum filiforme a moss S2? 3 99.0 ± 1.0 NB N Plagiomnium rostratum Long-beaked Leafy Moss S2? 5 Undetermined 4 90.9 ± 2.0 NS

N Pseudotaxiphyllum distichaceum

a Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 1 73.5 ± 1.0 NB

N Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides

Short-pointed Lantern Moss S2? 3 Sensitive 6 39.2 ± 0.0 NS

N Leptogium teretiusculum

Beaded Jellyskin Lichen S2? 3 Sensitive 3 66.9 ± 0.0 NS

N Peltigera collina Tree Pelt Lichen S2? 3 Sensitive 3 70.5 ± 2.0 NS N Ephemerum serratum a Moss S2S3 3 Sensitive 5 67.2 ± 2.0 NS N Eurhynchium hians Light Beaked Moss S2S3 3 Sensitive 3 70.5 ± 0.0 NS N Platydictya subtilis Bark Willow Moss S2S3 3 Sensitive 3 31.3 ± 3.0 NS N Tortula truncata a Moss S2S3 3 Sensitive 3 64.1 ± 300.0 NS N Limprichtia revolvens a Moss S2S3 3 Sensitive 1 66.3 ± 0.0 NS N Solorina saccata Woodland Owl Lichen S2S3 2 May Be At Risk 5 67.8 ± 0.0 NS

N Fuscopannaria leucosticta

Rimmed Shingles Lichen S2S3 2 May Be At Risk 2 90.8 ± 0.0 NS

N Leptogium milligranum Stretched Jellyskin Lichen S2S3 3 Sensitive 1 56.5 ± 0.0 NS N Parmeliopsis ambigua Green Starburst Lichen S2S3 3 Sensitive 1 79.1 ± 2.0 NS N Umbilicaria polyphylla Petalled Rocktripe Lichen S2S3 3 Sensitive 1 79.1 ± 2.0 NS N Ramalina thrausta Angelhair Ramalina Lichen S3 3 Sensitive 4 95.3 ± 1.0 NB N Collema nigrescens Blistered Tarpaper Lichen S3 3 Sensitive 4 19.6 ± 0.0 NS N Sticta fuliginosa Peppered Moon Lichen S3 3 Sensitive 7 25.3 ± 0.0 NS N Fuscopannaria ahlneri Corrugated Shingles Lichen S3 4 Secure 18 6.4 ± 0.0 NS N Heterodermia speciosa Powdered Fringe Lichen S3 4 Secure 4 74.8 ± 0.0 NS N Leptogium corticola Blistered Jellyskin Lichen S3 3 Sensitive 7 85.8 ± 0.0 NS N Leptogium lichenoides Tattered Jellyskin Lichen S3 2 May Be At Risk 11 66.8 ± 0.0 NS N Nephroma bellum Naked Kidney Lichen S3 3 Sensitive 3 73.3 ± 0.0 NS

N Punctelia appalachensis

Appalachian Speckleback Lichen S3 3 Sensitive 2 56.3 ± 0.0 NS

N Moelleropsis nebulosa Blue-gray Moss Shingle Lichen S3 4 Secure 13 85.8 ± 0.0 NS N Usnea macaronesica Beard Lichen S3 5 Undetermined 2 90.3 ± 1.0 NS N Calliergon giganteum Giant Spear Moss S3? 3 Sensitive 2 71.5 ± 3.0 NS

N Drummondia prorepens


N Anomodon tristis a Moss S3? 3 Sensitive 8 58.5 ± 1.0 NS N Helodium blandowii Wetland-plume Moss S3? 4 Secure 4 59.9 ± 3.0 NS N Mnium stellare Star Leafy Moss S3? 5 Undetermined 2 32.0 ± 1.0 NS N Sphagnum riparium Streamside Peat Moss S3? 3 Sensitive 1 85.2 ± 1.0 NS N Cladina stygia Black-footed Reindeer Lichen S3? 3 Sensitive 2 72.4 ± 0.0 NB N Anomodon rugelii Rugel's Anomodon Moss S3S4 3 Sensitive 2 60.0 ± 0.0 NS N Dichelyma capillaceum Hairlike Dichelyma Moss S3S4 4 Secure 1 89.6 ± 3.0 NS N Dicranella varia a Moss S3S4 5 Undetermined 1 92.0 ± 3.0 NS N Dicranum leioneuron a Dicranum Moss S3S4 4 Secure 1 84.1 ± 0.0 NB N Encalypta procera Slender Extinguisher Moss S3S4 4 Secure 7 38.2 ± 3.0 NS N Myurella julacea Small Mouse-tail Moss S3S4 3 Sensitive 3 39.2 ± 0.0 NS

N Splachnum ampullaceum

Cruet Dung Moss S3S4 4 Secure 1 93.9 ± 0.0 NS

N Thamnobryum alleghaniense

a Moss S3S4 3 Sensitive 10 33.1 ± 4.0 NS

N Schistidium agassizii Elf Bloom Moss S3S4 4 Secure 1 99.0 ± 1.0 NB

N Hylocomiastrum pyrenaicum

a Feather Moss S3S4 3 Sensitive 1 38.2 ± 3.0 NS

N Hypogymnia vittata Slender Monk's Hood Lichen S3S4 4 Secure 7 94.5 ± 0.0 NS N Leptogium saturninum Bearded Jellyskin Lichen S3S4 5 Undetermined 2 88.8 ± 0.0 NS

N Parmeliopsis hyperopta

Gray Starburst Lichen S3S4 5 Undetermined 1 63.5 ± 1.0 NS


Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov N Physconia detersa Bottlebrush Frost Lichen S3S4 3 Sensitive 6 98.1 ± 0.0 NS N Coccocarpia palmicola Salted Shell Lichen S3S4 4 Secure 29 85.6 ± 0.0 NS N Anaptychia palmulata Shaggy Fringed Lichen S3S4 4 Secure 10 56.3 ± 0.0 NS N Bryoria capillaris Gray Horsehair Lichen S3S4 5 Undetermined 2 93.7 ± 1.0 NB N Evernia prunastri Valley Oakmoss Lichen S3S4 3 Sensitive 2 73.9 ± 2.0 NS

N Dermatocarpon luridum

Brookside Stippleback Lichen S3S4 4 Secure 2 94.2 ± 1.0 NB

N Heterodermia neglecta Fringe Lichen S3S4 4 Secure 7 56.3 ± 0.0 NS

P Bartonia paniculata ssp. paniculata

Branched Bartonia Threatened Threatened SNA 1 85.5 ± 10.0 NS

P Lilaeopsis chinensis Eastern Lilaeopsis Special Concern Special Concern Vulnerable S2 3 Sensitive 16 19.8 ± 1.0 NS P Isoetes prototypus Prototype Quillwort Special Concern Special Concern Vulnerable S2 3 Sensitive 13 9.2 ± 0.0 NS

P Floerkea proserpinacoides

False Mermaidweed Not At Risk S2 3 Sensitive 24 49.5 ± 7.0 NS

P Cypripedium arietinum Ram's-Head Lady's-Slipper Endangered S1 1 At Risk 159 24.5 ± 0.0 NS P Thuja occidentalis Eastern White Cedar Vulnerable S1 1 At Risk 104 12.4 ± 0.0 NS P Acer saccharinum Silver Maple S1 5 Undetermined 12 68.4 ± 2.0 NS

P Osmorhiza depauperata

Blunt Sweet Cicely S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 73.8 ± 5.0 NS

P Sanicula odorata Clustered Sanicle S1 2 May Be At Risk 14 42.3 ± 10.0 NS P Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders S1 2 May Be At Risk 35 29.2 ± 1.0 NS

P Antennaria rosea ssp. arida

Rosy Pussytoes S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 86.7 ± 0.0 NS

P Antennaria parlinii a Pussytoes S1 2 May Be At Risk 13 53.9 ± 7.0 NS P Bidens hyperborea Estuary Beggarticks S1 2 May Be At Risk 2 20.7 ± 0.0 NS P Ageratina altissima White Snakeroot S1 2 May Be At Risk 24 80.1 ± 10.0 NS

P Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale

Wild Comfrey S1 2 May Be At Risk 5 70.4 ± 1.0 NS

P Draba glabella Rock Whitlow-Grass S1 2 May Be At Risk 6 56.6 ± 0.0 NS P Lobelia spicata Pale-Spiked Lobelia S1 2 May Be At Risk 13 27.3 ± 7.0 NS P Stellaria crassifolia Fleshy Stitchwort S1 2 May Be At Risk 3 89.6 ± 5.0 PE P Hudsonia tomentosa Woolly Beach-heath S1 2 May Be At Risk 9 69.1 ± 0.0 NB P Elatine americana American Waterwort S1 2 May Be At Risk 2 30.2 ± 0.0 NS

P Astragalus robbinsii var. minor

Robbins' Milkvetch S1 2 May Be At Risk 15 85.6 ± 2.0 NS

P Desmodium canadense

Canada Tick-trefoil S1 2 May Be At Risk 22 44.7 ± 5.0 NS

P Desmodium glutinosum

Large Tick-Trefoil S1 2 May Be At Risk 17 62.8 ± 0.0 NS

P Ribes americanum Wild Black Currant S1 5 Undetermined 5 42.2 ± 1.0 NS P Fraxinus americana White Ash S1 2 May Be At Risk 144 2.7 ± 0.0 NS

P Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Red Ash S1 2 May Be At Risk 10 74.9 ± 2.0 NS

P Polygonum achoreum Leathery Knotweed S1 5 Undetermined 4 57.9 ± 0.0 NB P Polygonum careyi Carey's Smartweed S1 5 Undetermined 1 61.7 ± 3.0 NS P Montia fontana Water Blinks S1 2 May Be At Risk 4 84.7 ± 0.0 NS P Lysimachia quadrifolia Whorled Yellow Loosestrife S1 5 Undetermined 1 98.5 ± 0.0 NS P Clematis occidentalis Purple Clematis S1 2 May Be At Risk 3 44.6 ± 0.0 NS

P Ranunculus pensylvanicus

Pennsylvania Buttercup S1 2 May Be At Risk 25 14.8 ± 0.0 NS

P Amelanchier nantucketensis

Nantucket Serviceberry S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 46.9 ± 1.0 NS

P Salix myrtillifolia Blueberry Willow S1 2 May Be At Risk 25 77.2 ± 0.0 NB P Salix serissima Autumn Willow S1 2 May Be At Risk 2 79.0 ± 0.0 NS

P Agalinis paupercula var. borealis

Small-flowered Agalinis S1 19 41.5 ± 0.0 NS


Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov P Dirca palustris Eastern Leatherwood S1 2 May Be At Risk 50 55.4 ± 7.0 NS P Boehmeria cylindrica Small-spike False-nettle S1 2 May Be At Risk 2 69.6 ± 0.0 NS P Pilea pumila Dwarf Clearweed S1 2 May Be At Risk 20 50.1 ± 0.0 NS P Carex chordorrhiza Creeping Sedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 52 46.0 ± 1.0 NS P Carex garberi Garber's Sedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 5 51.8 ± 0.0 NS P Carex granularis Limestone Meadow Sedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 2 51.1 ± 0.0 NS P Carex gynocrates Northern Bog Sedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 2 79.0 ± 0.0 NS P Carex haydenii Hayden's Sedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 4 27.1 ± 50.0 NS P Carex pellita Woolly Sedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 12 24.7 ± 0.0 NS P Carex laxiflora Loose-Flowered Sedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 2 63.5 ± 1.0 NS P Carex ormostachya Necklace Spike Sedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 4 63.0 ± 1.0 NB P Carex plantaginea Plantain-Leaved Sedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 3 45.4 ± 0.0 NS P Carex prairea Prairie Sedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 3 79.6 ± 1.0 NS P Carex tenuiflora Sparse-Flowered Sedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 5 49.3 ± 0.0 NS P Carex tincta Tinged Sedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 90.0 ± 5.0 PE

P Cyperus lupulinus ssp. macilentus

Hop Flatsedge S1 2 May Be At Risk 2 85.3 ± 0.0 NS

P Blysmus rufus Red Bulrush S1 2 May Be At Risk 4 84.0 ± 1.0 PE P Schoenoplectus torreyi Torrey's Bulrush S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 99.6 ± 0.0 NB P Iris prismatica Slender Blue Flag S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 93.3 ± 100.0 NS P Juncus secundus Secund Rush S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 90.3 ± 0.0 NS P Juncus vaseyi Vasey Rush S1 2 May Be At Risk 9 26.0 ± 0.0 NS P Allium tricoccum Wild Leek S1 2 May Be At Risk 23 38.5 ± 1.0 NS P Trillium grandiflorum White Trillium S1 5 Undetermined 3 79.6 ± 1.0 NS P Malaxis brachypoda White Adder's-Mouth S1 2 May Be At Risk 4 29.4 ± 1.0 NS

P Spiranthes casei var. casei

Case's Ladies'-Tresses S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 93.1 ± 0.0 NS

P Bromus latiglumis Broad-Glumed Brome S1 2 May Be At Risk 31 18.3 ± 0.0 NS

P Calamagrostis stricta ssp. inexpansa

Slim-stemmed Reed Grass S1 3 Sensitive 1 56.7 ± 1.0 NB

P Elymus wiegandii Wiegand's Wild Rye S1 2 May Be At Risk 21 16.4 ± 0.0 NS

P Elymus hystrix var. bigeloviana

Spreading Wild Rye S1 2 May Be At Risk 12 42.2 ± 1.0 NS

P Puccinellia fasciculata Saltmarsh Alkali Grass S1 5 Undetermined 2 67.0 ± 1.0 NS P Trisetum melicoides Purple False Oats S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 99.0 ± 0.0 NB P Adiantum pedatum Northern Maidenhair Fern S1 2 May Be At Risk 11 42.0 ± 1.0 NS P Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 82.2 ± 5.0 NS P Selaginella rupestris Rock Spikemoss S1 2 May Be At Risk 1 70.6 ± 0.0 NS P Solidago hispida Hairy Goldenrod S1? 2 May Be At Risk 1 78.0 ± 10.0 NB P Suaeda rolandii Roland's Sea-Blite S1? 2 May Be At Risk 7 26.1 ± 2.0 NS P Crataegus robinsonii Robinson's Hawthorn S1? 5 Undetermined 3 43.8 ± 5.0 NS P Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania Sedge S1? 2 May Be At Risk 2 19.6 ± 0.0 NS

P Schoenoplectus robustus

Sturdy Bulrush S1? 5 Undetermined 2 30.7 ± 5.0 NS

P Dichanthelium acuminatum var. lindheimeri

Woolly Panic Grass S1? 5 Undetermined 2 89.1 ± 0.0 NS

P Fraxinus nigra Black Ash Threatened S1S2 1 At Risk 276 14.3 ± 0.0 NS P Rudbeckia laciniata Cut-Leaved Coneflower S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 30 24.8 ± 0.0 NS

P Rudbeckia laciniata var. gaspereauensis

Cut-Leaved Coneflower S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 9 74.9 ± 0.0 NS

P Arabis hirsuta var. pycnocarpa

Western Hairy Rockcress S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 3 34.8 ± 0.0 NS

P Cardamine maxima Large Toothwort S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 2 62.4 ± 0.0 NS

P Proserpinaca intermedia

Intermediate Mermaidweed S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 1 74.7 ± 0.0 NS

P Conopholis americana American Cancer-root S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 3 75.8 ± 0.0 NS



P Anemone virginiana var. alba

Virginia Anemone S1S2 3 Sensitive 5 41.0 ± 7.0 NS

P Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa

Round-lobed Hepatica S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 46 25.6 ± 0.0 NS

P Ranunculus sceleratus Cursed Buttercup S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 16 93.4 ± 0.0 NS P Gratiola neglecta Clammy Hedge-Hyssop S1S2 3 Sensitive 18 45.9 ± 0.0 NS

P Carex livida var. radicaulis

Livid Sedge S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 20 49.3 ± 0.0 NS

P Juncus greenei Greene's Rush S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 10 30.1 ± 5.0 NS

P Juncus alpinoarticulatus ssp. nodulosus

Richardson's Rush S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 3 89.4 ± 3.0 PE

P Platanthera huronensis Fragrant Green Orchid S1S2 5 Undetermined 2 65.9 ± 10.0 NS

P Calamagrostis stricta ssp. stricta

Slim-stemmed Reed Grass S1S2 3 Sensitive 6 36.7 ± 7.0 NS

P Cinna arundinacea Sweet Wood Reed Grass S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 20 63.9 ± 0.0 NS P Festuca subverticillata Nodding Fescue S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 14 20.4 ± 0.0 NS P Cryptogramma stelleri Steller's Rockbrake S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 3 22.6 ± 0.0 NS P Woodsia alpina Alpine Cliff Fern S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 1 96.9 ± 0.0 NB

P Selaginella selaginoides

Low Spikemoss S1S2 2 May Be At Risk 1 98.9 ± 0.0 NB

P Carex vacillans Estuarine Sedge S1S3 5 Undetermined 1 50.4 ± 0.0 NB P Conioselinum chinense Chinese Hemlock-parsley S2 3 Sensitive 10 47.3 ± 0.0 NS P Osmorhiza longistylis Smooth Sweet Cicely S2 2 May Be At Risk 31 20.7 ± 1.0 NS

P Erigeron philadelphicus

Philadelphia Fleabane S2 3 Sensitive 6 45.0 ± 7.0 NS

P Lactuca hirsuta var. sanguinea

Hairy Lettuce S2 3 Sensitive 5 71.1 ± 7.0 NS

P Solidago multiradiata Multi-rayed Goldenrod S2 2 May Be At Risk 19 77.3 ± 0.0 NB

P Symphyotrichum undulatum

Wavy-leaved Aster S2 3 Sensitive 7 65.7 ± 1.0 NS

P Symphyotrichum ciliolatum

Fringed Blue Aster S2 3 Sensitive 28 7.5 ± 7.0 NS

P Impatiens pallida Pale Jewelweed S2 3 Sensitive 4 56.7 ± 1.0 NS

P Caulophyllum thalictroides

Blue Cohosh S2 2 May Be At Risk 62 15.7 ± 0.0 NS

P Arabis drummondii Drummond's Rockcress S2 3 Sensitive 12 22.4 ± 0.0 NS

P Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola

Small-flowered Bittercress S2 3 Sensitive 9 56.3 ± 0.0 NS

P Draba arabisans Rock Whitlow-Grass S2 3 Sensitive 19 44.4 ± 0.0 NS P Stellaria humifusa Saltmarsh Starwort S2 3 Sensitive 16 31.2 ± 1.0 NS P Stellaria longifolia Long-leaved Starwort S2 3 Sensitive 17 22.5 ± 0.0 NS P Chenopodium rubrum Red Pigweed S2 2 May Be At Risk 4 82.0 ± 0.0 NS P Hudsonia ericoides Pinebarren Golden Heather S2 3 Sensitive 3 85.5 ± 7.0 NS P Hypericum majus Large St John's-wort S2 3 Sensitive 4 14.3 ± 0.0 NS

P Oxytropis campestris var. johannensis

Field Locoweed S2 2 May Be At Risk 12 86.1 ± 1.0 NS

P Myriophyllum farwellii Farwell's Water Milfoil S2 3 Sensitive 12 18.5 ± 1.0 NS

P Myriophyllum verticillatum

Whorled Water Milfoil S2 3 Sensitive 15 40.3 ± 1.0 NS

P Oenothera fruticosa ssp. glauca

Narrow-leaved Evening Primrose S2 5 Undetermined 6 41.0 ± 7.0 NS

P Polygonum arifolium Halberd-leaved Tearthumb S2 3 Sensitive 80 24.3 ± 0.0 NS

P Rumex salicifolius var. mexicanus

Triangular-valve Dock S2 3 Sensitive 12 33.1 ± 0.0 NS

P Primula mistassinica Mistassini Primrose S2 3 Sensitive 16 41.0 ± 7.0 NS P Anemone canadensis Canada Anemone S2 2 May Be At Risk 3 71.1 ± 7.0 NS


Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov P Anemone quinquefolia Wood Anemone S2 3 Sensitive 20 15.2 ± 0.0 NS P Anemone virginiana Virginia Anemone S2 3 Sensitive 17 41.1 ± 7.0 NS

P Anemone virginiana var. virginiana

Virginia Anemone S2 3 Sensitive 2 47.5 ± 7.0 NS

P Caltha palustris Yellow Marsh Marigold S2 3 Sensitive 73 60.6 ± 1.0 NB P Galium boreale Northern Bedstraw S2 2 May Be At Risk 11 5.1 ± 5.0 NS P Galium labradoricum Labrador Bedstraw S2 3 Sensitive 85 62.4 ± 0.0 NB P Salix pedicellaris Bog Willow S2 3 Sensitive 73 45.3 ± 0.0 NS P Salix sericea Silky Willow S2 2 May Be At Risk 6 75.0 ± 1.0 NS P Comandra umbellata Bastard's Toadflax S2 2 May Be At Risk 9 71.0 ± 1.0 NB

P Saxifraga paniculata ssp. neogaea

White Mountain Saxifrage S2 3 Sensitive 16 56.1 ± 1.0 NS

P Tiarella cordifolia Heart-leaved Foamflower S2 3 Sensitive 228 41.8 ± 1.0 NS P Viola nephrophylla Northern Bog Violet S2 3 Sensitive 9 43.3 ± 1.0 NS P Carex atratiformis Scabrous Black Sedge S2 3 Sensitive 3 42.9 ± 1.0 NS P Carex bebbii Bebb's Sedge S2 3 Sensitive 28 18.6 ± 0.0 NS P Carex capillaris Hairlike Sedge S2 3 Sensitive 8 41.1 ± 0.0 NS P Carex castanea Chestnut Sedge S2 2 May Be At Risk 23 50.7 ± 0.0 NS P Carex comosa Bearded Sedge S2 3 Sensitive 11 27.2 ± 7.0 NS P Carex hystericina Porcupine Sedge S2 2 May Be At Risk 11 22.6 ± 1.0 NS P Carex tenera Tender Sedge S2 3 Sensitive 10 17.8 ± 0.0 NS P Carex tuckermanii Tuckerman's Sedge S2 3 Sensitive 38 17.1 ± 2.0 NS P Vallisneria americana Wild Celery S2 2 May Be At Risk 7 30.2 ± 0.0 NS

P Juncus stygius ssp. americanus

Moor Rush S2 3 Sensitive 13 48.4 ± 0.0 NS

P Allium schoenoprasum Wild Chives S2 2 May Be At Risk 1 59.6 ± 1.0 NB

P Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum

Wild Chives S2 2 May Be At Risk 1 41.0 ± 7.0 NS

P Lilium canadense Canada Lily S2 2 May Be At Risk 101 16.4 ± 1.0 NS P Najas gracillima Thread-Like Naiad S2 3 Sensitive 2 73.9 ± 0.0 NS

P Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens

Yellow Lady's-slipper S2 3 Sensitive 11 55.1 ± 1.0 NS

P Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin

Small Yellow Lady's-Slipper S2 3 Sensitive 13 70.5 ± 0.0 NS

P Cypripedium reginae Showy Lady's-Slipper S2 2 May Be At Risk 40 7.5 ± 7.0 NS P Goodyera pubescens Downy Rattlesnake-Plantain S2 3 Sensitive 9 62.6 ± 0.0 NS

P Platanthera flava var. flava

Southern Rein Orchid S2 3 Sensitive 1 71.1 ± 7.0 NS

P Platanthera flava var. herbiola

Pale Green Orchid S2 5 Undetermined 11 54.0 ± 1.0 NS

P Platanthera macrophylla

Large Round-Leaved Orchid S2 3 Sensitive 14 17.1 ± 1.0 NS

P Spiranthes lucida Shining Ladies'-Tresses S2 2 May Be At Risk 28 50.5 ± 0.0 NS P Calamagrostis stricta Slim-stemmed Reed Grass S2 3 Sensitive 9 47.6 ± 0.0 NS

P Dichanthelium linearifolium

Narrow-leaved Panic Grass S2 3 Sensitive 7 50.7 ± 0.0 NS

P Piptatherum canadense

Canada Rice Grass S2 3 Sensitive 8 30.2 ± 1.0 NS

P Piptatherum pungens Slender Rice Grass S2 3 Sensitive 3 97.4 ± 1.0 NB P Potamogeton friesii Fries' Pondweed S2 2 May Be At Risk 19 46.5 ± 0.0 NS

P Potamogeton richardsonii

Richardson's Pondweed S2 2 May Be At Risk 9 47.5 ± 0.0 NS

P Dryopteris fragrans var. remotiuscula

Fragrant Wood Fern S2 3 Sensitive 25 15.4 ± 1.0 NS

P Woodsia glabella Smooth Cliff Fern S2 3 Sensitive 8 14.9 ± 1.0 NS



P Symphyotrichum boreale

Boreal Aster S2? 3 Sensitive 9 7.5 ± 7.0 NS

P Cuscuta cephalanthi Buttonbush Dodder S2? 5 Undetermined 4 78.3 ± 1.0 NS P Epilobium coloratum Purple-veined Willowherb S2? 3 Sensitive 7 48.3 ± 1.0 NS

P Rumex maritimus var. persicarioides

Peach-leaved Dock S2? 2 May Be At Risk 1 84.6 ± 5.0 PE

P Crataegus submollis Quebec Hawthorn S2? 5 Undetermined 5 15.2 ± 7.0 NS P Carex peckii White-Tinged Sedge S2? 2 May Be At Risk 4 42.1 ± 0.0 NS P Eleocharis ovata Ovate Spikerush S2? 3 Sensitive 15 15.7 ± 0.0 NS P Scirpus pedicellatus Stalked Bulrush S2? 3 Sensitive 8 23.8 ± 0.0 NS P Potamogeton pulcher Spotted Pondweed Vulnerable S2S3 3 Sensitive 3 80.4 ± 2.0 NS P Hieracium robinsonii Robinson's Hawkweed S2S3 3 Sensitive 8 45.9 ± 1.0 NS

P Iva frutescens ssp. oraria

Big-leaved Marsh-elder S2S3 3 Sensitive 17 64.1 ± 0.0 NS

P Senecio pseudoarnica Seabeach Ragwort S2S3 3 Sensitive 1 41.0 ± 7.0 NS P Betula michauxii Michaux's Dwarf Birch S2S3 3 Sensitive 11 74.5 ± 0.0 NS

P Ceratophyllum echinatum

Prickly Hornwort S2S3 3 Sensitive 26 19.2 ± 0.0 NS

P Hypericum dissimulatum

Disguised St John's-wort S2S3 3 Sensitive 4 5.9 ± 1.0 NS

P Triosteum aurantiacum Orange-fruited Tinker's Weed S2S3 3 Sensitive 49 42.4 ± 0.0 NS

P Shepherdia canadensis

Soapberry S2S3 3 Sensitive 114 66.9 ± 0.0 NS

P Empetrum eamesii ssp. eamesii

Pink Crowberry S2S3 3 Sensitive 1 75.6 ± 5.0 PE

P Chamaesyce polygonifolia

Seaside Spurge S2S3 3 Sensitive 3 53.9 ± 0.0 NB

P Hedeoma pulegioides American False Pennyroyal S2S3 3 Sensitive 18 23.0 ± 1.0 NS P Polygonum buxiforme Small's Knotweed S2S3 5 Undetermined 7 21.4 ± 0.0 NS P Amelanchier fernaldii Fernald's Serviceberry S2S3 5 Undetermined 2 28.6 ± 5.0 NS P Potentilla canadensis Canada Cinquefoil S2S3 3 Sensitive 1 43.5 ± 5.0 NS P Galium aparine Common Bedstraw S2S3 3 Sensitive 14 44.2 ± 0.0 NS P Galium obtusum Blunt-leaved Bedstraw S2S3 3 Sensitive 1 63.0 ± 1.0 NB P Salix pellita Satiny Willow S2S3 3 Sensitive 9 18.7 ± 0.0 NS

P Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa

Thyme-Leaved Speedwell S2S3 3 Sensitive 6 94.7 ± 0.0 NB

P Carex adusta Lesser Brown Sedge S2S3 3 Sensitive 9 14.6 ± 0.0 NS P Carex hirtifolia Pubescent Sedge S2S3 3 Sensitive 46 15.9 ± 0.0 NS P Carex houghtoniana Houghton's Sedge S2S3 3 Sensitive 5 18.3 ± 0.0 NS P Eleocharis olivacea Yellow Spikerush S2S3 3 Sensitive 5 57.3 ± 0.0 NS P Eriophorum gracile Slender Cottongrass S2S3 3 Sensitive 52 11.2 ± 1.0 NS

P Coeloglossum viride var. virescens

Long-bracted Frog Orchid S2S3 2 May Be At Risk 4 13.5 ± 0.0 NS

P Cypripedium parviflorum

Yellow Lady's-slipper S2S3 3 Sensitive 523 34.3 ± 5.0 NS

P Poa glauca Glaucous Blue Grass S2S3 3 Sensitive 9 56.1 ± 1.0 NS

P Stuckenia filiformis ssp. alpina

Thread-leaved Pondweed S2S3 3 Sensitive 1 99.7 ± 1.0 NB

P Botrychium lanceolatum var. angustisegmentum

Lance-Leaf Grape-Fern S2S3 3 Sensitive 14 20.7 ± 0.0 NS

P Botrychium simplex Least Moonwort S2S3 3 Sensitive 5 20.7 ± 0.0 NS P Ophioglossum pusillum Northern Adder's-tongue S2S3 3 Sensitive 7 44.5 ± 50.0 NS P Angelica atropurpurea Purple-stemmed Angelica S3 4 Secure 30 35.3 ± 2.0 NS P Erigeron hyssopifolius Hyssop-leaved Fleabane S3 3 Sensitive 36 19.8 ± 0.0 NS P Hieracium paniculatum Panicled Hawkweed S3 4 Secure 17 51.4 ± 0.0 NS P Megalodonta beckii Water Beggarticks S3 4 Secure 28 24.2 ± 1.0 NS


Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov P Packera paupercula Balsam Groundsel S3 4 Secure 44 42.1 ± 5.0 NS P Betula pumila Bog Birch S3 3 Sensitive 11 79.5 ± 0.0 NS

P Betula pumila var. pumila

Bog Birch S3 3 Sensitive 1 46.6 ± 1.0 NS

P Campanula aparinoides

Marsh Bellflower S3 3 Sensitive 41 18.5 ± 0.0 NS

P Minuartia groenlandica Greenland Stitchwort S3 3 Sensitive 4 87.3 ± 0.0 NS P Viburnum edule Squashberry S3 3 Sensitive 3 60.9 ± 0.0 NS P Vaccinium boreale Northern Blueberry S3 3 Sensitive 4 31.8 ± 1.0 NS

P Vaccinium caespitosum

Dwarf Bilberry S3 4 Secure 72 51.1 ± 0.0 NS

P Bartonia virginica Yellow Bartonia S3 4 Secure 1 75.0 ± 7.0 NS P Geranium bicknellii Bicknell's Crane's-bill S3 4 Secure 14 18.9 ± 0.0 NS P Proserpinaca palustris Marsh Mermaidweed S3 4 Secure 15 24.3 ± 1.0 NS

P Proserpinaca palustris var. crebra

Marsh Mermaidweed S3 4 Secure 28 25.0 ± 0.0 NS

P Proserpinaca pectinata Comb-leaved Mermaidweed S3 4 Secure 5 46.6 ± 5.0 NS P Teucrium canadense Canada Germander S3 3 Sensitive 16 48.8 ± 0.0 NS P Epilobium strictum Downy Willowherb S3 3 Sensitive 25 44.6 ± 0.0 NS P Polygala sanguinea Blood Milkwort S3 3 Sensitive 19 3.4 ± 5.0 NS

P Polygonum pensylvanicum

Pennsylvania Smartweed S3 4 Secure 29 14.9 ± 0.0 NS

P Polygonum scandens Climbing False Buckwheat S3 3 Sensitive 32 16.2 ± 0.0 NS P Plantago rugelii Rugel's Plantain S3 4 Secure 7 25.8 ± 0.0 NS P Primula laurentiana Laurentian Primrose S3 4 Secure 24 70.6 ± 1.0 NS

P Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus

Seaside Brookweed S3 3 Sensitive 27 19.8 ± 0.0 NS

P Pyrola asarifolia Pink Pyrola S3 4 Secure 13 19.0 ± 0.0 NS P Pyrola minor Lesser Pyrola S3 3 Sensitive 5 48.9 ± 0.0 NS P Ranunculus gmelinii Gmelin's Water Buttercup S3 4 Secure 74 38.9 ± 5.0 NS P Rhamnus alnifolia Alder-leaved Buckthorn S3 4 Secure 256 15.9 ± 0.0 NS P Agrimonia gryposepala Hooked Agrimony S3 4 Secure 113 15.5 ± 0.0 NS

P Amelanchier stolonifera

Running Serviceberry S3 4 Secure 19 15.1 ± 5.0 NS

P Geocaulon lividum Northern Comandra S3 4 Secure 9 18.6 ± 0.0 NS P Limosella australis Southern Mudwort S3 4 Secure 21 18.3 ± 1.0 NS P Lindernia dubia Yellow-seeded False Pimperel S3 4 Secure 35 14.3 ± 0.0 NS P Laportea canadensis Canada Wood Nettle S3 3 Sensitive 52 15.7 ± 0.0 NS P Verbena hastata Blue Vervain S3 4 Secure 131 14.2 ± 0.0 NS P Carex cryptolepis Hidden-scaled Sedge S3 4 Secure 19 15.3 ± 0.0 NS P Carex eburnea Bristle-leaved Sedge S3 3 Sensitive 6 42.1 ± 0.0 NS P Carex lupulina Hop Sedge S3 4 Secure 44 28.5 ± 10.0 NS P Carex rosea Rosy Sedge S3 4 Secure 33 21.1 ± 0.0 NS P Carex tribuloides Blunt Broom Sedge S3 4 Secure 19 31.4 ± 0.0 NS P Carex wiegandii Wiegand's Sedge S3 3 Sensitive 29 41.9 ± 0.0 NS P Carex foenea Fernald's Hay Sedge S3 4 Secure 20 22.6 ± 5.0 NS P Eleocharis nitida Quill Spikerush S3 4 Secure 15 21.5 ± 7.0 NS P Elodea canadensis Canada Waterweed S3 4 Secure 23 19.1 ± 0.0 NS

P Juncus subcaudatus var. planisepalus

Woods-Rush S3 3 Sensitive 15 27.0 ± 5.0 NS

P Juncus dudleyi Dudley's Rush S3 4 Secure 30 39.0 ± 0.0 NS P Goodyera repens Lesser Rattlesnake-plantain S3 3 Sensitive 21 27.1 ± 100.0 NS P Listera australis Southern Twayblade S3 4 Secure 77 37.7 ± 0.0 NS P Platanthera grandiflora Large Purple Fringed Orchid S3 4 Secure 100 9.9 ± 1.0 NS P Platanthera hookeri Hooker's Orchid S3 4 Secure 20 18.5 ± 0.0 NS P Platanthera orbiculata Small Round-leaved Orchid S3 4 Secure 35 5.1 ± 7.0 NS P Spiranthes ochroleuca Yellow Ladies'-tresses S3 4 Secure 16 41.2 ± 0.0 NS


Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov P Alopecurus aequalis Short-awned Foxtail S3 4 Secure 27 15.2 ± 0.0 NS

P Dichanthelium clandestinum

Deer-tongue Panic Grass S3 4 Secure 83 50.9 ± 0.0 NS

P Potamogeton obtusifolius

Blunt-leaved Pondweed S3 4 Secure 25 15.4 ± 0.0 NS

P Potamogeton praelongus

White-stemmed Pondweed S3 3 Sensitive 20 15.4 ± 0.0 NS

P Potamogeton zosteriformis

Flat-stemmed Pondweed S3 3 Sensitive 24 43.5 ± 0.0 NS

P Sparganium natans Small Burreed S3 4 Secure 23 18.1 ± 0.0 NS P Asplenium trichomanes Maidenhair Spleenwort S3 4 Secure 15 46.4 ± 1.0 NS

P Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum

Green Spleenwort S3 3 Sensitive 8 5.1 ± 7.0 NS

P Equisetum pratense Meadow Horsetail S3 3 Sensitive 15 20.5 ± 0.0 NS P Equisetum variegatum Variegated Horsetail S3 4 Secure 60 30.8 ± 0.0 NS P Isoetes acadiensis Acadian Quillwort S3 3 Sensitive 4 16.6 ± 1.0 NS P Lycopodium sitchense Sitka Clubmoss S3 4 Secure 6 43.3 ± 5.0 NS P Huperzia appalachiana Appalachian Fir-Clubmoss S3 3 Sensitive 17 13.9 ± 1.0 NS P Botrychium dissectum Cut-leaved Moonwort S3 4 Secure 9 20.9 ± 0.0 NS

P Polypodium appalachianum

Appalachian Polypody S3 5 Undetermined 29 9.0 ± 0.0 NS

P Asclepias incarnata ssp. pulchra

Swamp Milkweed S3? 5 Undetermined 49 70.0 ± 0.0 NS

P Polygonum amphibium var. emersum

Water Smartweed S3? 5 Undetermined 1 69.9 ± 0.0 NS

P Lycopodium sabinifolium

Ground-Fir S3? 4 Secure 13 32.5 ± 0.0 NS

P Atriplex franktonii Frankton's Saltbush S3S4 4 Secure 5 34.3 ± 5.0 NS P Suaeda calceoliformis Horned Sea-blite S3S4 4 Secure 19 24.0 ± 0.0 NS

P Vaccinium corymbosum

Highbush Blueberry S3S4 4 Secure 1 93.3 ± 0.0 NS

P Myriophyllum sibiricum Siberian Water Milfoil S3S4 4 Secure 9 44.8 ± 0.0 NS

P Nuphar lutea ssp. pumila

Small Yellow Pond-lily S3S4 4 Secure 8 16.2 ± 1.0 NS

P Sanguinaria canadensis

Bloodroot S3S4 4 Secure 91 14.6 ± 0.0 NS

P Polygonum fowleri Fowler's Knotweed S3S4 4 Secure 8 21.4 ± 1.0 NS P Rumex maritimus Sea-Side Dock S3S4 41 45.6 ± 2.0 NS

P Rumex maritimus var. fueginus

Tierra del Fuego Dock S3S4 4 Secure 3 88.1 ± 5.0 PE

P Crataegus succulenta Fleshy Hawthorn S3S4 5 Undetermined 6 91.4 ± 5.0 PE

P Fragaria vesca ssp. americana

Woodland Strawberry S3S4 4 Secure 76 38.4 ± 0.0 NS

P Salix petiolaris Meadow Willow S3S4 4 Secure 74 19.1 ± 0.0 NS P Agalinis neoscotica Nova Scotia Agalinis S3S4 4 Secure 6 56.8 ± 0.0 NS

P Viola sagittata var. ovata

Arrow-Leaved Violet S3S4 4 Secure 12 55.9 ± 2.0 NS

P Symplocarpus foetidus Eastern Skunk Cabbage S3S4 4 Secure 116 45.2 ± 0.0 NS P Carex argyrantha Silvery-flowered Sedge S3S4 4 Secure 9 55.9 ± 2.0 NS P Eriophorum russeolum Russet Cottongrass S3S4 4 Secure 175 44.6 ± 0.0 NS P Triglochin gaspensis Gasp├⌐ Arrowgrass S3S4 5 Undetermined 5 57.1 ± 1.0 NB P Juncus acuminatus Sharp-Fruit Rush S3S4 4 Secure 6 18.7 ± 2.0 NS P Luzula parviflora Small-flowered Woodrush S3S4 4 Secure 9 22.5 ± 0.0 NS P Liparis loeselii Loesel's Twayblade S3S4 4 Secure 22 16.9 ± 1.0 NS P Panicum tuckermanii Tuckerman's Panic Grass S3S4 4 Secure 16 14.5 ± 0.0 NS P Trisetum spicatum Narrow False Oats S3S4 4 Secure 22 49.8 ± 0.0 NS P Cystopteris bulbifera Bulblet Bladder Fern S3S4 4 Secure 82 32.6 ± 1.0 NS


Taxonomic Group Scientific Name Common Name COSEWIC SARA Prov Legal Prot Prov Rarity Rank Prov GS Rank # recs Distance (km) Prov P Equisetum hyemale Common Scouring-rush S3S4 4 Secure 4 66.0 ± 0.0 NS

P Equisetum hyemale var. affine

Common Scouring-rush S3S4 4 Secure 65 29.5 ± 10.0 NS

P Equisetum scirpoides Dwarf Scouring-Rush S3S4 4 Secure 66 17.1 ± 5.0 NS

P Lycopodium complanatum

Northern Clubmoss S3S4 4 Secure 19 17.2 ± 6.0 NS

P Schizaea pusilla Little Curlygrass Fern S3S4 4 Secure 4 94.6 ± 0.0 NS P Viola canadensis Canada Violet SH 0.1 Extirpated 2 49.5 ± 7.0 NS

5.1 SOURCE BIBLIOGRAPHY (100 km)

The recipient of these data shall acknowledge the ACCDC and the data sources listed below in any documents, reports, publications or presentations, in which this dataset makes a significant contribution.

# recs CITATION 14994 Morrison, Guy. 2011. Maritime Shorebird Survey (MSS) database. Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, 15939 surveys. 86171 recs. 14559 Lepage, D. 2014. Maritime Breeding Bird Atlas Database. Bird Studies Canada, Sackville NB, 407,838 recs. 6068 Erskine, A.J. 1992. Maritime Breeding Bird Atlas Database. NS Museum & Nimbus Publ., Halifax, 82,125 recs. 3116 eBird. 2014. eBird Basic Dataset. Version: EBD_relNov-2014. Ithaca, New York. Nov 2014. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 25036 recs. 1004 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M.; Belliveau, A.B. 2015. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre Fieldwork 2015. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, # recs.

744 Pardieck, K.L. & Ziolkowski Jr., D.J.; Hudson, M.-A.R. 2014. North American Breeding Bird Survey Dataset 1966 - 2013, version 2013.0. U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center <www.pwrc.usgs.gov/BBS/RawData/>.

623 Cameron, E. 2008. Canadian Gypsum Co. survey 2007-08. Conestoga-Rovers & Assoc., 623 recs. 523 Tranquilla, L. 2015. Maritimes Marsh Monitoring Project 2015 data. Bird Studies Canada, Sackville NB, 5062 recs. 490 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M. 2010. Fieldwork 2010. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 15508 recs. 447 Newell, R.E. 2000. E.C. Smith Herbarium Database. Acadia University, Wolfville NS, 7139 recs. 445 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M. 2012. Fieldwork 2012. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 13,278 recs. 414 Newell, R.E. 2005. E.C. Smith Digital Herbarium. E.C. Smith Herbarium, Irving Biodiversity Collection, Acadia University, Web site: http://luxor.acadiau.ca/library/Herbarium/project/. 582 recs. 411 Benjamin, L.K. (compiler). 2007. Significant Habitat & Species Database. Nova Scotia Dept Natural Resources, 8439 recs. 324 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M.; Belliveau, A.B. 2014. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre Fieldwork 2014. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, # recs. 297 Blaney, C.S & Spicer, C.D.; Popma, T.M.; Basquill, S.P. 2003. Vascular Plant Surveys of Northumberland Strait Rivers & Amherst Area Peatlands. Nova Scotia Museum Research Grant, 501 recs. 273 Blaney, C.S. & Mazerolle, D.M. 2011. Field data from NCC properties at Musquash Harbour NB & Goose Lake NS. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 1739 recs. 253 Churchill, J.L.; Klymko, J.D. 2015. Chignecto and Tintamarre National Wildlife Area Bird Surveys 2015. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 2238 recs. 250 Amirault, D.L. & Stewart, J. 2007. Piping Plover Database 1894-2006. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, 3344 recs, 1228 new. 245 Pronych, G. & Wilson, A. 1993. Atlas of Rare Vascular Plants in Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax NS, I:1-168, II:169-331. 1446 recs. 234 Klymko, J.J.D. 2014. Maritimes Butterfly Atlas, 2012 submissions. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 8552 records. 220 Benjamin, L.K. (compiler). 2012. Significant Habitat & Species Database. Nova Scotia Dept Natural Resources, 4965 recs. 208 LaPaix, R.W.; Crowell, M.J.; MacDonald, M. 2011. Stantec rare plant records, 2010-11. Stantec Consulting, 334 recs. 205 MacDonald, M. 2008. PEI Power Corridor Floral Surveys, 2004-08. Jacques Whitford Ltd, 2238 recs (979 rare). 203 Blaney, C.S. 2016. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre Fieldwork 2016. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 6719 recs. 178 Bryson, I. 2013. Nova Scotia rare plant records. CBCL Ltd., 180 records. 170 Brunelle, P.-M. (compiler). 2009. ADIP/MDDS Odonata Database: data to 2006 inclusive. Atlantic Dragonfly Inventory Program (ADIP), 24200 recs. 161 Mazerolle, D.M. 2016. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre Fieldwork 2016. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 11311 recs. 153 Munro, Marian K. Nova Scotia Provincial Museum of Natural History Herbarium Database. Nova Scotia Provincial Museum of Natural History, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 2013. 144 Scott, F.W. 2002. Nova Scotia Herpetofauna Atlas Database. Acadia University, Wolfville NS, 8856 recs. 131 Manthorne, A. 2014. MaritimesSwiftwatch Project database 2013-2014. Bird Studies Canada, Sackville NB, 326 recs. 130 Blaney, C.S. 2000. Fieldwork 2000. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 1265 recs. 125 Klymko, J.J.D. 2012. Maritimes Butterfly Atlas, 2010 and 2011 records. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 6318 recs. 124 Belliveau, A.G. 2016. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre Fieldwork 2016. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 10695 recs. 124 Layberry, R.A. & Hall, P.W., LaFontaine, J.D. 1998. The Butterflies of Canada. University of Toronto Press. 280 pp+plates. 123 Belland, R.J. Maritimes moss records from various herbarium databases. 2014. 119 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M.; Belliveau, A.B. 2013. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre Fieldwork 2013. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 9000+ recs. 112 Hicks, Andrew. 2009. Coastal Waterfowl Surveys Database, 2000-08. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, 46488 recs (11149 non-zero). 112 Pepper, C. 2013. 2013 rare bird and plant observations in Nova Scotia. , 181 records. 111 McAlpine, D.F. 1998. NBM Science Collections databases to 1998. New Brunswick Museum, Saint John NB, 241 recs. 106 Wilhelm, S.I. et al. 2011. Colonial Waterbird Database. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, 2698 sites, 9718 recs (8192 obs).


# recs CITATION 103 Stewart, J.I. 2010. Peregrine Falcon Surveys in New Brunswick, 2002-09. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, 58 recs. 100 Tims, J. & Craig, N. 1995. Environmentally Significant Areas in New Brunswick (NBESA). NB Dept of Environment & Nature Trust of New Brunswick Inc, 6042 recs. 91 Benedict, B. Connell Herbarium Specimens. University New Brunswick, Fredericton. 2003.

86 Catling, P.M., Erskine, D.S. & MacLaren, R.B. 1985. The Plants of Prince Edward Island with new records, nomenclatural changes & corrections & deletions, 1st Ed. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Publication 1798. 22pp.

82 Zinck, M. & Roland, A.E. 1998. Roland's Flora of Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Museum, 3rd ed., rev. M. Zinck; 2 Vol., 1297 pp. 72 Belliveau, A.G. 2014. Plant Records from Southern and Central Nova Scotia. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 919 recs. 72 Roland, A.E. & Smith, E.C. 1969. The Flora of Nova Scotia, 1st Ed. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, 743pp. 70 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M.; Oberndorfer, E. 2007. Fieldwork 2007. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 13770 recs. 68 Hall, R.A. 2003. NS Freshwater Mussel Fieldwork. Nova Scotia Dept Natural Resources, 189 recs. 64 Hall, R.A. 2001. S.. NS Freshwater Mussel Fieldwork. Nova Scotia Dept Natural Resources, 178 recs. 61 Blaney, C.S. 2003. Fieldwork 2003. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 1042 recs. 60 Burns, L. 2013. Personal communication concerning bat occurrence on PEI. Winter 2013. Pers. comm. 59 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M.; Klymko, J; Spicer, C.D. 2006. Fieldwork 2006. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 8399 recs. 59 Blaney, C.S.; Spicer, C.D.; Mazerolle, D.M. 2005. Fieldwork 2005. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 2333 recs. 59 Blaney, C.S.; Spicer, C.D.; Popma, T.M.; Hanel, C. 2002. Fieldwork 2002. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 2252 recs. 59 Spicer, C.D. & Harries, H. 2001. Mount Allison Herbarium Specimens. Mount Allison University, 128 recs. 57 Cameron, R.P. 2009. Cyanolichen database. Nova Scotia Environment & Labour, 1724 recs. 57 Neily, T.H. & Pepper, C.; Toms, B. 2013. Nova Scotia lichen location database. Mersey Tobeatic Research Institute, 1301 records. 56 Blaney, C.S.; Spicer, C.D.; Rothfels, C. 2004. Fieldwork 2004. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 1343 recs. 53 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M. 2008. Fieldwork 2008. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 13343 recs. 53 Sollows, M.C,. 2008. NBM Science Collections databases: mammals. New Brunswick Museum, Saint John NB, download Jan. 2008, 4983 recs. 50 Blaney, C.S.; Spicer, C.D. 2001. Fieldwork 2001. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 981 recs. 47 Clayden, S.R. 1998. NBM Science Collections databases: vascular plants. New Brunswick Museum, Saint John NB, 19759 recs. 44 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M. 2011. Fieldwork 2011. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB. 43 Erskine, A.J. 1999. Maritime Nest Records Scheme (MNRS) 1937-1999. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, 313 recs. 43 Godbout, V. 2002. SAR Inventory: Birds in Fort Beauséjour NHS. Parks Canada, Atlantic, SARINV02-01. 202 recs. 40 Cameron, E. 2007. Canadian Gypsum Co. survey 2005-07. Dillon Consulting Ltd, 40 recs. 40 Churchill, J.L., Klymko, J.D.D. 2016. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre Fieldwork 2016. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. 40 Parks Canada. 2010. Specimens in or near National Parks in Atlantic Canada. Canadian National Museum, 3925 recs. 39 Cameron, R.P. 2011. Lichen observations, 2011. Nova Scotia Environment & Labour, 731 recs. 39 Popma, T.M. 2003. Fieldwork 2003. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 113 recs. 38 Klymko, J.J.D.; Robinson, S.L. 2012. 2012 field data. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 447 recs. 37 Benedict, B. Connell Herbarium Specimens (Data) . University New Brunswick, Fredericton. 2003. 36 Klymko, J.J.D. 2016. 2015 field data. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. 34 Benjamin, L.K. (compiler). 2001. Significant Habitat & Species Database. Nova Scotia Dept of Natural Resources, 15 spp, 224 recs. 27 Canadian Wildlife Service, Dartmouth. 2010. Piping Plover censuses 2007-09, 304 recs. 25 Belliveau, A. 2013. Rare species records from Nova Scotia. Mersey Tobeatic Research Institute, 296 records. 296 recs. 25 Hinds, H.R. 1986. Notes on New Brunswick plant collections. Connell Memorial Herbarium, unpubl, 739 recs. 24 Amirault, D.L. & McKnight, J. 2003. Piping Plover Database 1991-2003. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, unpublished data. 7 recs. 24 Klymko, J.J.D.; Robinson, S.L. 2014. 2013 field data. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. 24 Pepper, Chris. 2012. Observations of breeding Canada Warbler's along the Eastern Shore, NS. Pers. comm. to S. Blaney, Jan. 20, 28 recs. 23 Archibald, D.R. 2003. NS Freshwater Mussel Fieldwork. Nova Scotia Dept Natural Resources, 213 recs. 23 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M.; Hill, N.M. 2011. Nova Scotia Crown Share Land Legacy Trust Fieldwork. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 5022 recs. 22 Benjamin, L.K. 2011. NSDNR fieldwork & consultant reports 1997, 2009-10. Nova Scotia Dept Natural Resources, 85 recs. 22 Doucet, D.A. 2007. Lepidopteran Records, 1988-2006. Doucet, 700 recs. 22 Nelly, T.H. 2006. Cypripedium arietinum in Hants Co. Pers. comm. to C.S. Blaney. 22 recs, 22 recs. 22 Powell, B.C. 1967. Female sexual cycles of Chrysemy spicta & Clemmys insculpta in Nova Scotia. Can. Field-Nat., 81:134-139. 26 recs. 21 Erskine, D. 1960. The plants of Prince Edward Island, 1st Ed. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa., Publication 1088. 1238 recs. 20 Blaney, C.S.; Mazerolle, D.M. 2009. Fieldwork 2009. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 13395 recs. 19 Bagnell, B.A. 2001. New Brunswick Bryophyte Occurrences. B&B Botanical, Sussex, 478 recs. 19 Clayden, S.R. 2007. NBM Science Collections databases: vascular plants. New Brunswick Museum, Saint John NB, download Mar. 2007, 6914 recs. 18 Mazerolle, D.M. 2005. Bouctouche Irving Eco-Centre rare coastal plant fieldwork results 2004-05. Irving Eco-centre, la Dune du Bouctouche, 174 recs. 18 Porter, C.J.M. 2014. Field work data 2007-2014. Nova Scotia Nature Trust, 96 recs. 17 Bateman, M.C. 2001. Coastal Waterfowl Surveys Database, 1965-2001. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, 667 recs. 17 Curley, F.R. 2005. PEF&W Collection 2003-04. PEI Fish & Wildlife Div., 716 recs. 16 Cameron, R.P. 2013. 2013 rare species field data. Nova Scotia Department of Environment, 71 recs. 16 Klymko, J.J.D. 2012. Insect fieldwork & submissions, 2011. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 760 recs.


# recs CITATION 16 Speers, L. 2008. Butterflies of Canada database: New Brunswick 1897-1999. Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Biological Resources Program, Ottawa, 2048 recs. 16 Webster, R.P. & Edsall, J. 2007. 2005 New Brunswick Rare Butterfly Survey. Environmental Trust Fund, unpublished report, 232 recs. 15 Basquill, S.P. 2011 vascular plant field data. Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, 37 recs. 15 Thomas, A.W. 1996. A preliminary atlas of the butterflies of New Brunswick. New Brunswick Museum. 15 Tingley, S. (compiler). 2001. Butterflies of New Brunswick. , Web site: www.geocities.com/Yosemite/8425/buttrfly. 142 recs. 14 Benedict, B. Connell Herbarium Specimen Database Download 2004. Connell Memorial Herbarium, University of New Brunswick. 2004. 13 Basquill, S.P. 2003. Fieldwork 2003. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, Sackville NB, 69 recs. 13 Blaney, C.S. Miscellaneous specimens received by ACCDC (botany). Various persons. 2001-08. 13 Munro, Marian K. Nova Scotia Provincial Museum of Natural History Herbarium Database. Nova Scotia Provincial Museum of Natural History, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 2014. 13 Nova Scotia Nature Trust. 2014. Ladyslipper records from Saint Croix Nova Scotia, JLC Ed. Nova Scotia Nature Trust. 13 Oldham, M.J. 2000. Oldham database records from Maritime provinces. Oldham, M.J; ONHIC, 487 recs. 12 Basquill, S.P. 2012. 2012 rare vascular plant field data. Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, 37 recs. 12 Epworth, W. 2012. Species at Risk records, 2009-11. Fort Folly Habitat Recovery Program, 162 recs. 12 Gilhen, J. 1984. Amphibians & Reptiles of Nova Scotia, 1st Ed. Nova Scotia Museum, 164pp. 12 Goltz, J.P. & Bishop, G. 2005. Confidential supplement to Status Report on Prototype Quillwort (Isoetes prototypus). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, 111 recs. 12 Pike, E., Tingley, S. & Christie, D.S. 2000. Nature NB Listserve. University of New Brunswick, listserv.unb.ca/archives/naturenb. 68 recs. 11 Cameron, R.P. 2014. 2013-14 rare species field data. Nova Scotia Department of Environment, 35 recs. 11 Doucet, D.A. 2009. Census of Globally Rare, Endemic Butterflies of Nova Scotia Gulf of St Lawrence Salt Marshes. Nova Scotia Dept of Natural Resources, Species at Risk, 155 recs. 11 Glen, W. 1991. 1991 Prince Edward Island Forest Biomass Inventory Data. PEI Dept of Energy and Forestry, 10059 recs. 11 McAlpine, D.F. 1983. Status & Conservation of Solution Caves in New Brunswick. New Brunswick Museum, Publications in Natural Science, no. 1, 28pp. 10 Cameron, R.P. 2009. Erioderma pedicellatum database, 1979-2008. Dept Environment & Labour, 103 recs. 10 Chaput, G. 2002. Atlantic Salmon: Maritime Provinces Overview for 2001. Dept of Fisheries & Oceans, Atlantic Region, Science Stock Status Report D3-14. 39 recs. 9 Adams, J. & Herman, T.B. 1998. Thesis, Unpublished map of C. insculpta sightings. Acadia University, Wolfville NS, 88 recs. 9 Benjamin, L.K. 2006. Cypripedium arietinum. Pers. comm. to D. Mazerolle. 9 recs, 9 recs. 9 Downes, C. 1998-2000. Breeding Bird Survey Data. Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, 111 recs. 9 Edsall, J. 2001. Lepidopteran records in New Brunswick, 1997-99. , Pers. comm. to K.A. Bredin. 91 recs. 9 Hill, N.M. 1994. Status report on the Long's bulrush Scirpus longii in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, 7 recs. 9 Olsen, R. Herbarium Specimens. Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro. 2003. 8 Benjamin, L.K. 2012. NSDNR fieldwork & consultant reports 2008-2012. Nova Scotia Dept Natural Resources, 196 recs. 8 Edsall, J. 2007. Lepidopteran Records from Halls Creek, 1994-2000. Edsall, 43 recs. 8 Edsall, J. 2007. Personal Butterfly Collection: specimens collected in the Canadian Maritimes, 1961-2007. J. Edsall, unpubl. report, 137 recs. 8 Giberson, D. 2008. UPEI Insect Collection. University of Prince Edward Island, 157 recs. 8 Hinds, H.R. 1999. Connell Herbarium Database. University New Brunswick, Fredericton, 131 recs. 7 7 Cameron, B. 2006. Hepatica americana Survey at Scotia Mine Site in Gays River, and Discovery of Three Yellow-listed Species. Conestoga-Rovers and Associates, (a consulting firm), october 25. 7 recs. 7 Harding, R.W. 2008. Harding Personal Insect Collection 1999-2007. R.W. Harding, 309 recs. 7 Majka, C. 2009. Université de Moncton Insect Collection: Carabidae, Cerambycidae, Coccinellidae. Université de Moncton, 540 recs. 7 O'Neil, S. 1998. Atlantic Salmon: Northumberland Strait Nova Scotia part of SFA 18. Dept of Fisheries & Oceans, Atlantic Region, Science. Stock Status Report D3-08. 9 recs. 7 Smith, M.E.M. 2008. AgCan Collection. Agriculture Canada, Charlottetown PE, 44 recs. 6 Benjamin, L.K. 2009. Boreal Felt Lichen, Mountain Avens, Orchid and other recent records. Nova Scotia Dept Natural Resources, 105 recs. 6 Caissie, A. Herbarium Records. Fundy National Park, Alma NB. 1961-1993. 6 Doucet, D.A. & Edsall, J.; Brunelle, P.-M. 2007. Miramichi Watershed Rare Odonata Survey. New Brunswick ETF & WTF Report, 1211 recs. 6 Hall, R. 2008. Rare plant records in old fieldbook notes from Truro area. Pers. comm. to C.S. Blaney. 6 recs, 6 recs. 6 Matthew Smith. 2010. Field trip report from Avon Caving Club outlining the discovery of Cyrpipedium arietinum and Hepatica nobilis populations. Public Works and Government Services Canada. 6 Neily, T.H. 2010. Erioderma Pedicellatum records 2005-09. Mersey Tobiatic Research Institute, 67 recs. 6 Sollows, M.C,. 2009. NBM Science Collections databases: molluscs. New Brunswick Museum, Saint John NB, download Jan. 2009, 6951 recs (2957 in Atlantic Canada). 5 Bredin, K.A. 2002. NS Freshwater Mussel Fieldwork. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centere, 30 recs. 5 Cameron, R.P. 2012. Additional rare plant records, 2009. , 7 recs. 5 Cameron, R.P. 2012. Rob Cameron 2012 vascular plant data. NS Department of Environment, 30 recs. 5 Clayden, S.R. 2005. Confidential supplement to Status Report on Ghost Antler Lichen (Pseudevernia cladonia). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, 27 recs. 5 Curley, F.R. 2007. PEF&W Collection. PEI Fish & Wildlife Div., 199 recs. 5 Daury, R.W. & Bateman, M.C. 1996. The Barrow's Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica) in the Atlantic Provinces and Maine. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, 47pp. 5 Kennedy, Joseph. 2010. New Brunswick Peregrine records, 2009. New Brunswick Dept Natural Resources, 19 recs (14 active). 5 Nova Scotia Nature Trust. 2013. Nova Scotia Nature Trust 2013 Species records. Nova Scotia Nature Trust, 95 recs. 5 Sabine, D.L. 2013. Dwaine Sabine butterfly records, 2009 and earlier. 5 Towell, C. 2014. 2014 Northern Goshawk and Common Nighthawk email reports, NS. NS Department of Natural Resources. 5 Webster, R.P. 2004. Lepidopteran Records for National Wildlife Areas in New Brunswick. Webster, 1101 recs. 4 Belland, R.J. 2012. PEI moss records from Devonian Botanical Garden. DBG Cryptogam Database, Web site: https://secure.devonian.ualberta.ca/bryo_search.php 748 recs.


# recs CITATION 4 Benjamin, L.K. 2009. NSDNR Fieldwork & Consultants Reports. Nova Scotia Dept Natural Resources, 143 recs. 4 Cameron, R.P. 2009. Nova Scotia nonvascular plant observations, 1995-2007. Nova Scotia Dept Natural Resources, 27 recs. 4 Cody, W.J. 2003. Nova Scotia specimens of Equisetum pratense at the DAO herbarium in Ottawa. , Pers. comm. to C.S. Blaney. 4 recs. 4 Forsythe, B. 2006. Cypripedium arietinum at Meadow Pond, Hants Co. Pers. comm. to C.S. Blaney. 4 recs, 4 recs. 4 Klymko, J.J.D. 2012. Insect field work & submissions. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 852 recs. 4 Majka, C.G. 2008. Lepidoptera at St Patricks, 1993-2007. Pers. comm. to R. Curley, 8 Jan. 29 recs, 29 recs. 4 Mills, Pamela. 2007. Iva frutescens records. Nova Scotia Dept of Natural Resources, Wildlife Div. Pers. comm. to S. Basquil, 4 recs. 4 Robinson, S.L. 2010. Fieldwork 2009 (dune ecology). Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 408 recs. 4 Sabine, D.L. 2012. Bronze Copper records, 2003-06. New Brunswick Dept of Natural Resources, 5 recs.

3 Bateman, M.C. 2000. Waterfowl Brood Surveys Database, 1990-2000 . Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, unpublished data. 149 recs.

3 Brunelle, P.-M. (compiler). 2010. ADIP/MDDS Odonata Database: NB, NS Update 1900-09. Atlantic Dragonfly Inventory Program (ADIP), 935 recs. 3 Doubt, J. 2013. Email to Sean Blaney with Nova Scotia records of Fissidens exilis at Canadian Museum of Nature. pers. comm., 3 records. 3 Kennedy, Joseph. 2010. New Brunswick Peregrine records, 2010. New Brunswick Dept Natural Resources, 16 recs (11 active). 3 Neily, T.H. 2013. Email communication to Sean Blaney regarding Listera australis observations made from 2007 to 2011 in Nova Scotia. , 50.

3 Newell, R. E., MacKinnon, C. M. & Kennedy, A. C. 2006. Botanical Survey of Boot Island National Wildlife Area, Nova Scotia, 2004. Canadian Wildlife Service, Atlantic Region, Technical Report Series Number 450. 3 recs.

3 Plissner, J.H. & Haig, S.M. 1997. 1996 International piping plover census. US Geological Survey, Corvallis OR, 231 pp. 3 Sollows, M.C. 2008. NBM Science Collections databases: herpetiles. New Brunswick Museum, Saint John NB, download Jan. 2008, 8636 recs. 3 Standley, L.A. 2002. Carex haydenii in Nova Scotia. , Pers. comm. to C.S. Blaney. 4 recs. 3 WIlliams, M. Cape Breton University Digital Herbarium. Cape Breton University Digital Herbarium. 2013. 3 Wissink, R. 2000. Rare Plants of Fundy: maps. Parks Canada, 20 recs. 3 Wissink, R. 2006. Fundy National Park Digital Database. Parks Canada, 41 recs. 2 Amirault, D.L. 1997-2000. Unpublished files. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, 470 recs. 2 Amirault, D.L. 2003. 2003 Peregrine Falcon Survey. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, unpublished data. 7 recs. 2 Amiro, Peter G. 1998. Atlantic Salmon: Inner Bay of Fundy SFA 22 & part of SFA 23. Dept of Fisheries & Oceans, Atlantic Region, Science Stock Status Report D3-12. 4 recs. 2 Basquill, S.P. 2009. 2009 field observations. Nova Scotia Dept of Natural Resources. 2 Benedict, B. Connell Herbarium Specimens, Digital photos. University New Brunswick, Fredericton. 2005. 2 Boyne, A.W. & Grecian, V.D. 1999. Tern Surveys. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, unpublished data. 23 recs. 2 Bredin, K.A. 2001. WTF Project: Freshwater Mussel Fieldwork in Freshwater Species data. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centere, 101 recs. 2 Cameron, R.P. 2006. Erioderma pedicellatum 2006 field data. NS Dept of Environment, 9 recs. 2 Christie, D.S. 2000. Christmas Bird Count Data, 1997-2000. Nature NB, 54 recs. 2 Clerc, P. 2011. Notes on the genus Usnea Adanson (lichenized Ascomycota). III. Bibliotheca Lichenologica, 106, 41-51. 2 Dibblee, R.L. 1999. PEI Cormorant Survey. Prince Edward Island Fisheries, Aquaculture & Environment, 1p. 21 recs. 2 Donell, R. 2008. Rare plant records from rare coastal plant project. Bouctouche Dune Irving Eco-centre. Pers. comm. to D.M. Mazerolle, 50 recs. 2 Harris, P. 2004. Plant records from 1997-2003. Island Nature Trust, Charlottetown PE, 71 recs. 2 Hicklin, P.W. 1995. The Maritime Shorebird Survey Newsletter. Calidris, No. 3. 6 recs. 2 Kelly, Glen 2004. Botanical records from 2004 PEI Forestry fieldwork. Dept of Environment, Energy & Forestry, 71 recs. 2 Klymko, J.J.D. 2010. Miscellaneous observations reported to ACCDC (zoology). Pers. comm. from various persons, 3 recs. 2 Macaulay, M. Notes on newly discovered Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa population in Cumberland Co. NS. Pers. comm. to S. Blaney, 1 rec. 2 Macauley, M. 2008. Email to Sean Blaney regarding rich hardwood floodplain site at Howards Pool, Wallace River, NS. 2 Mazerolle, D. 2003. Assessment of Seaside Pinweed (Lechea maritima var. subcylindrica) in Southeastern New Brunswick. Irving Eco-centre, la Dune du Bouctouche, 18 recs. 2 McAlpine, D.F. 1998. NBM Science Collections: Wood Turtle records. New Brunswick Museum, Saint John NB, 329 recs. 2 Munro, M. 2003. Caulophyllum thalictroides & Carex hirtifolia at Herbert River, Brooklyn, NS. , Pers. comm. to C.S. Blaney. 2 recs. 2 Munro, M. 2003. Dirca palustris & Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa at Cogmagun River, NS. , Pers. comm. to C.S. Blaney . 2 recs. 2 Neily, T.H.; Smith, C.; Whitman, E. 2011. NCC Logging Lake (Halifax Co. NS) properties baseline survey data. Nature Conservancy of Canada, 2 recs. 2 Newell, R.E. 2006. Rare plant observations in Digby Neck. Pers. comm. to S. Blaney, 6 recs. 2 Nye, T. 2002. Wood Turtle observations in Westmorland, Queens Cos. , Pers. com. to S.H. Gerriets, Dec. 3. 3 recs. 2 Shafer, A.B.A., D.T. Stewart. 2006. A Disjunct Population of Sorex dispar (Long-Tailed Shrew) in Nova Scotia. Northeastern Naturalist, 13(4): 603-608. 2 Speers, L. 2001. Butterflies of Canada database. Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Biological Resources Program, Ottawa, 190 recs. 1 Amirault, D.L. 2000. Piping Plover Surveys, 1983-2000. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, unpublished data. 70 recs. 1 Amirault, D.L. 2005. 2005 Peregrine Falcon Survey. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, unpublished data. 27 recs. 1 Basquill, S. P. 2008. Nova Scotia Dept of Natural Resources. 1 Basquill, S.P. 2004. C. americana and Sedum sp records, 2002. Pers. comm. to C.S. Blaney. 2 recs, 2 recs. 1 Basquill, S.P. 2012. 2012 Bryophyte specimen data. Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, 37 recs. 1 Benjamin, L.K. 2003. Cypripedium arietinum in Cogmagun River NS. Pers. comm. to S. Blaney, 1 rec. 1 Blaney, C.S. & Whittam, R.M. 2003. Botanical & freshwater mussel observations at Lake Killarney, Cumberland Co., NS - Sept. 27, 2003. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, 3 recs. 1 Blaney, C.S. 1999. Fieldwork 1999. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. Sackville NB, 292 recs.


# recs CITATION 1 Blaney, C.S. 2014. 2014 Bank Swallow colony observation, Westcock, NB. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. 1 Boyne, A.W. 2000. Tern Surveys. Canadian Wildlife Service, Sackville, unpublished data. 168 recs. 1 Bridgehouse, D. Email communication (July 3, 2014) to John Klymko regarding hairstreak butterfly observations made Nova Scotia. 2014. 1 Bruce, J. 2014. 2014 Wood Turtle email report, Nine Mile River, NS. NS Department of Natural Resources. 1 Cameron, R.P. 2005. Erioderma pedicellatum unpublished data. NS Dept of Environment, 9 recs. 1 Clavette, A., and others. 2013. Peregrine Falcon nesting information from NatureNB listserv. NatureNB. 1 Cowie, Faye. 2007. Surveyed Lakes in New Brunswick. Canadian Rivers Institute, 781 recs. 1 Crowell, A. 2004. Cypripedium arietinum in Weir Brook, Hants Co. Pers. comm. to S. Blaney, 1 rec. 1 Doucet, D.A. ACCDC Reference Collection. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, Sackville NB. 2008. 1 Frittaion, C. 2012. NSNT 2012 Field Observations. Nova Scotia Nature Trust, Pers comm. to S. Blaney Feb. 7, 34 recs. 1 Gagnon, J. 2004. Specimen data from 2002 visit to Prince Edward Island. , 104 recs. 1 Gerriets, S.H. 1997-2001. Element Occurrence Database. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, Sackville NB, 1 rec. 1 Hill, N.M. 2013. email communications to Sean Blaney and David Mazerolle regarding the discovery of Listera australis populations at Black River Lake and Middlewood. , 2. 1 Hinds, H.R. 1992. Rare Vascular Plants of Fundy National Park. , 10 recs. 1 Hinds, H.R. 2000. Rare plants of Fundy in Rare Plants of Fundy: maps. Wissink, R. (ed.) Parks Canada, 2 recs. 1 Jacques Whitford Ltd. 2003. Cananda Lily location. Pers. Comm. to S. Blaney. 2pp, 1 rec, 1 rec. 1 Kirkland, G.L. Jr. & Schmidt, D.F. 1982. Abundance, habitat, reproduction & morphology of forest-dwelling small mammals of NS & south-eastern NB. Can. Field-Nat., 96(2): 156-162. 1 rec. 1 Kirkland, G.L. Jr., Schmidt, D.F. & Kirkland, C.J. 1979. First record of the long-tailed shrew (Sorex dispar) in New Brunswick. Can. Field-Nat., 93: 195-198. 1 rec. 1 Klymko, J.J.D. 2016. 2014 field data. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre. 1 LaPaix, R.; Parker, M. 2013. email to Sean Blaney regarding Listera australis observations near Kearney Lake. East Coast Aquatics, 2. 1 Lautenschlager, R.A. 2010. Miscellaneous observations reported to ACCDC (zoology). Pers. comm. from various persons, 2 recs. 1 Layberry, R.A. 2012. Lepidopteran records for the Maritimes, 1974-2008. Layberry Collection, 1060 recs. 1 MacPhail, V. Bee and syrphid specimens from MSc research. Pers. comm., J. Klymko. 2006. 1 MacQuarrie, K. 1991-1999. Site survey files, maps. Island Nature Trust, Charlottetown PE, 60 recs. 1 Majka, C.G. & McCorquodale, D.B. 2006. The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada: new records, biogeographic notes, and conservation concerns. Zootaxa. Zootaxa, 1154: 49–68. 7 recs. 1 McMullin, R.T. 2015. Prince Edward Island's lichen biodiversity and proposed conservation status in a report prepared for the province of PEI. Biodiversity Institute of Ontario Herbarium, University of Guelph, 776 records. 1 Miller, D.G. 2013. Peregrine Falcon nesting information from birdingnewbrunswick.ca. birdingnewbrunswick.ca. 1 Morrison, Annie. 2010. NCC Properties Fieldwork: June-August 2010. Nature Conservancy Canada, 508 recs. 1 Neily, P.D. Plant Specimens. Nova Scotia Dept Natural Resources, Truro. 2006. 1 Neily, T.H. & Pepper, C.; Toms, B. 2015. Nova Scotia lichen location database [as of 2015-02-15]. Mersey Tobeatic Research Institute, 1691 records. 1 Neily, T.H. 2004. Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa record for Falmouth NS. Pers. comm. to C.S. Blaney, 1 rec. 1 Neily, T.H. 2013. Email communication to Sean Blaney regarding Agalinis paupercula observations made in 2013 in Nova Scotia. , 1 rec. 1 Newell, R.E. 2004. Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa record. Pers. comm. to S. Blaney, 1 rec. 1 Niel, K. & Majka, C. 2008. New Records of Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) in Nova Scotia. Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society, 4: 3-6. 1 O'Neil, S. 1998. Atlantic Salmon: Eastern Shore Nova Scotia SFA 20. Dept of Fisheries & Oceans, Atlantic Region, Science. Stock Status Report D3-10. 4 recs. 1 Popma, K. 2001. Phalarope & other bird observations in Westmorland Co. , Pers. comm. to K.A. Bredin. 5 recs. 1 Robinson, C.B. 1907. Early intervale flora of eastern Nova Scotia. Transactions of the Nova Scotia Institute of Science, 10:502-506. 1 rec. 1 Scott, F.W. 1988. Status Report on the Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, 2 recs. 1 Spicer, C.D. 2004. Specimens from CWS Herbarium, Mount Allison Herbarium Database. Mount Allison University, 5939 recs. 1 Stevens, C. 1999. Cam Stevens field data from PEI vegetation plots. Sent along with specimens to C.S. Blaney. UNB masters research project, 732 recs. 1 Toner, M. 2001. Lynx Records 1973-2000. NB Dept of Natural Resources, 29 recs. 1 Tremblay, E. 2006. Kouchibouguac National Park Digital Database. Parks Canada, 105 recs. 1 Wilson, G. 2013. 2013 Snapping Turtle email report, Wentworth, NS. Pers. comm.


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D‐1

APPENDIX D

NOVA SCOTIA MUSEUM REPORT

HERITAGE AND BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES


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E‐1

APPENDIX E

LABORATORY RESULTS

TSS & pH

appendix a biophysical assessment report

Documents