appendices - shodhganga : a reservoir of indian...

APPENDICES

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE CANDIDATE

Published Articles

1. Nithya, N.R. (2009), “Self Financing Professional Education In Kerala:

Issues of Quality”, ISDA Journal, Vol.19, No.1, Jan-March.

2. Nithya, N.R. (2010-2011), “Education: A fundamental right”, University

College Journal of Polity and Society, Department of Political Science,

University of Kerala,Vol.6,No.1 and 2, August-March.

Articles accepted for Publications

1. Globalization and Education: Problems in Indian Education, (ISDA

Journal )

2. A Review on Kashmir Issue, (Social Science in Perspective).

3. Government Policy and Self financing Professional Education: A Kerala

Experience, (Rajagiri Journal of Social Development)

APPENDIX-I PROBLEMS OF SELF FINANCING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN KERALA:

A POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS (Questionnaire for Students)

(A Ph.D topic in Political Science, Department of Political Science, University of Kerala) The information gathered through this questionnaire is for the research purpose of

Nithya N.R., Research scholar in the Department of Political Science, University of Kerala. The data gathered through this will be used only for research purpose.

1. Sex 1. Male 2. Female

2. Age 1.6-21 2. 22-25 3. 26-30 0. No Opinion

3. Native Place 1. Urban 2.Rural. 3. Semi Urban 0 No Opinion

4. Caste 1. FC. 2. OBC 3.SC. 4. ST. 5. OEC 0. No Opinion

5. Religion 1. Hindu 2.Christian 3.Muslim 4.Budhism 0. No Opinion 6. Monthly income (in Rupees)

1.500-2000 2.2000-5000 3.5000-10000 4. 10000-25000 7. Education of your Father

1. SSLC 2. Below graduation 3. ITI,ITC 4. Graduate and above 5. PG and above 6.Professional /technical degrees 0. No opinion

8. Education of your Mother 1. SSLC 2. Below graduation 3. ITI, ITC 4. Graduate and above 5. PG and above 6. Professional /technical degree 0. No opinion

9. Occupation of your Father 1. Manual Labor 2. Government Servant 3. Business 4. Professional 5. Private Sector 6. Retired 7. Self Employed 8. Abroad 9. No more.

0. No opinion 10. Occupation of your Mother 1. Manual Labor 2. Government Servant 3. Professional

4 . Private Sector 5. Retired 6. Self Employed 7. House wife 0.No opinion

11. Why did you select this educational institution for the present study? 1. Good educational facility 2. Low fees 3. Compulsion of parents 4. Did not get desired trade/branch in other institutions 5. Did not get admission in other institutions 6. Special interest 7. Any other (Specify)............. 0. No opinion

12. State which course you have selected 13. Reasons for selecting this trade/branch

1. Compulsion of parent’s 2. Scope for employment 3. Compulsion of friends 4. Did not obtain any other trade/branch 5. Special interest 6.Any other (Specify)............... 0. No opinion

14. What was the criterion of your admission? 1. Merit 2. Payment 0.No opinion 15. How much amount you paid to get admission? (in Rupees)

16. At the time of your admission whether you or your parent applied any illegal influence eg: personal contact, bribe etc for getting admission? 1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion 17. How did you meet the expense required for the study? 1. Loan 2. From parents 3. Self employed 4. Scholarships 5. Borrowed from others 6. Any other (Specify)....................................... 18. If loan from bank, did you face any difficulty to get it? 1.Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 9. Not applicable 99. Don’t know 19. On what condition you obtained educational loan? What was amount (in Rupees) 20. Are you a hosteller? 1. Yes 2. No 21. If yes, is the hostel expenditure unbearable?

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1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion 9. Not applicable 22. State your Mark for SSLC examination (%). 1. 45 to 55 2. 55 to 65 3. 65 to 75 4. 75 to85 5. Above 85 0. No opinion 23. State your Mark for +2/Equivalent examination (%). 1. 45 to 55 2. 55 to 65 3. 65 to 75 4. 75 to85 5. Above 85. 0. No opinion 24. Did you pass any other entrance examination? 1. Yes 2. No 0. No opinion

25. If yes, name of examination and rank. 26. Did you get admission in any other educational institution?

1.Yes 2. No 0. No Opinion 27. If yes, which institution?

1. Government 2. Aided 3.Self-financing 9. Not Applicable 28. Why you did not join there?

1. Low educational quality 2. High fees 3. Not interested 4. Low educational facility 5. Didn’t get desired trade/branch

9. Not Applicable 6. Any other (Specify).................... 29. Do you wish to stop this course and join in any other institution?

1. Yes 2. No 0. No opinion 30. If you get admission in government or aided college do you wish to go there?

1. Yes 2. No 0. No Opinion 31. Please state your current semester wise expenditure. (in Rupees) 32. What is your opinion regarding the teaching standard in your institution?

1. Good 2. Bad 3. Satisfactory 0. No opinion. 99. Don’t know 33. Do you think that your teachers are competent and they upgrade their knowledge in accordance with recent developments in the discipline?

1. Yes 2. No 3.To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 34. Are you satisfied with the infrastructural facility provided in your college?

1. Library facilities 1. Satisfied 2. Partially satisfied 3. Dissatisfied 0. No Opinion

2. Internet facilities 1. Satisfied 2. Partially satisfied 3. Dissatisfied 0. No Opinion

3. Laboratory facilities 1. Satisfied 2. Partially satisfied 3. Dissatisfied 0. No Opinion

4. Class room and furniture /work shops 1. Satisfied 2. Partially satisfied 3. Dissatisfied 0. No Opinion

5. Transportation facilities 1. Satisfied 2. Partially satisfied 3. Dissatisfied 0. No Opinion

35. Have you noticed about students’ strikes in your college? 1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t know 36. Were you a participant in that struggle? 1. Yes 2. No 9.Not Applicable 37. If yes, for what was the purpose of the strike

1. Against the adverse attitude of the management/principal 2. Against undue fee hike 3. Against inadequate facilities 4. Against commercialization of education 5. Any other (Specify)........................................................

9. Not Applicable 38. What was the method of the student strike? 1. Procession 2. Boycott the class 3. Conciliation talks with the principal 4. Dharna 5. Any other (Specify) 9. Not Applicable 39. Did the strike achieve its objective?

1. Yes 2. No 9. Not Applicable 40. If yes, give details 41. In your opinion what is the attitude of management towards the students union

1. Good 2. Bad 3. Good to some extent 9. Not Applicable 42. If good, what are the reasons?

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43. Are you a member of any student organization? 1.Yes 2. No 0. No Opinion 44. If yes, which organization. 45. What is your opinion regarding the issues relating to self-financing colleges?

a. Self-financing Colleges increases quality of education in Kerala. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

b. Self-financing Colleges bring social control. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

c. Self-financing Colleges lead to commercialization of education. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

d. Self-financing Colleges leads to corruption. Do you agree? e. 1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know0. No opinion f. Outflow of funds to other states may be restricted. Comment.

1.Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion g. More students will be accommodated. Do you agree ?

1.Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No O pinion h. Education becomes too expensive in self-financing colleges. Comment.

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion i. Private educational institutions are better managed than public institutions.

Do you agree? 1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know0. No opinion

j. Government has no sufficient funds to run educational institutions. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3 Disagree 99. Don’t Know0. No opinion

k. Self-financing colleges bring academic autonomy and dynamism. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0 .No opinion

l. Self-financing colleges bring elitism and rich domination in education. Comment.

1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know0. No opinion m. Social justice is negated. Do you agree?

1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion 46. According to you, between LDF and UDF which front takes a favorable attitude

towards the poor students? 1. LDF 2. UDF3. Both are against poor 4. Both favors poor 0. No opinion 99. Don’t Know

47. According to you, between LDF and UDF which front take favorable attitude towards management?

1. LDF 2. UDF 3. Both are against management 4. Both favors management 0. No opinion 99. Don’t Know

48. Do you think that social control is necessary in the functioning of self-financing institutions?

1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t Know 0.No Opinion 49. If yes, give details of the means of social control

50. The self-financing colleges require huge investment and funds for functioning. Hence concessional fee rate for poor students cannot be borne by them. What is your opinion about this argument?

1. Agree 2. Partially Agree3. Disagree 4. Government should bear this expenditure 5. Scholarships 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

51. Political, economic and communal considerations largely affect the allotment of colleges and courses rather than pure merit and performance. Do you agree?

1. Agree 2. Partially Agree3.Disagree 99.Don’t Know 0. No opinion

52. Do you agree that, the financial benefit to the state economy due to the establishment of self-financing colleges is a myth since the money spent here is directly going to the private hands and not to public exchequer?

1. Agree 2. Partially agree3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion 53. What are the reasons for establishing more self-financing colleges

recently? (Rank according to preference). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

a. Quality degradation in government institutions. b. Government has no sufficient funds to meet the demand for more seats. c. Consequence and impact of globalization. d. Private educational institutions provide better quality than public institutions.

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e. Pressure on the part of education lobby’s in Kerala. f. The present government favors privatization of education. g. Any Other (Specify).....................................................................

54. What is your opinion about privatizing higher education? 1. Fully support 2. Support with reservation 3. Oppose 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

55. If you supporting reservation policy in self-financing sector, please mention the factors.?

56. Did you notice the students’ strike held by major students unions against the self-financing colleges? 1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

57. .If yes, do you think that these strikes get the wholehearted support of the student community?

1. Full support 2. Partial support 3. No support 9. Not Applicable 58. Do you think the demand raised by these organizations is justiciable?

1.Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion 99. Don’t Know 9. Not Applicable 59. What is your opinion about starting of autonomous colleges in Kerala?

(Rank according to preference)

1 2 3 4 5 6

a. It will provide academic autonomy. b. It will reduce administrative burden of university. c. It will lead to effective management of the colleges. d. Vested interests will dominate over public interest in higher education. e. It will lead to further commercialization of education. f. Any Other (Specify)..........................................................................

60. Did you hear about the recent Supreme Court verdict on self-financing colleges (Inamdar case)? 1.Yes 2. No 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion.

61. Did you think that the verdict was against poor students? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion 9. Not Applicable

62. Do you think that the verdict was in favor of the management? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion 99. Don’t Know 9. Not Applicable

63. Do you think that the self-financing colleges erode the quality by compromising merit for money power? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

64. Have you heard of globalization? 1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t Know

65. If yes, what do you understand by globalization? 66. Do you support or oppose globalization?

1. Support 2. Oppose 3. Partially support 0. No opinion 67. Do you think the mushrooming growth of private self-financing colleges is connected with

globalization? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t Know 0.No opinion

68. What is your opinion about the fee rate decided by Justice K .T. Thomas Commission and P.A Muhammad Committee?

69. Do you think that the commissions had supported the private management? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t Know 0. No Opinion

70. Do you think that the commissions had supported the poor students? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t Know 0. No Opinion

71. What is your opinion about legislative regulations on self-financing colleges?

72. Do you agree with the Act by the LDF government (2006) to regulate self- financing colleges?

1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 0.No Opinion 73. Do you think that these measures will succeed?

0. Yes 1. No 2. Any other (Specify) 99. Don’t Know 74. If no, what are the reasons?

75. Please state your suggestions for solving the issues relating to Self-financing Colleges in Kerala

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APPENDIX-II PROBLEMS OF SELF FINANCING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN KERALA:

A POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS (Questionnaire for Teachers)




2. Age Below 25 2. 25-35 3. 36-45 4. 46-55. 5. 56-65. 6. above 65.

3. Native Place 1. Urban 2. Rural. 3. Semi Urban 4. Caste 1. FC. 2. OBC 3. SC. 4. ST. 5. OEC 0. No Opinion 5. Religion 1. Hindu 2.Christian 3.Muslims 4.Budhism 6. Monthly income (in Rupees) 1. Below 10000 2. 10000 -25000 3. 26000-35000 4. 36000-50000 5. 50000-65000 7. Educational qualification

1. B-Tech/ M-Tech 2. MBBS / MDS 3. BDS / MDS 4. MA.M-Ed / M.Phil 5. MD. (AY) 6. Bsc / Msc Nursing 7. B.Pharm / M.Pharm

8. Are you satisfied with the teaching work in your institutions? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion 9. If no, explain the reason?

10. hen did you start teaching profession. How many years you have completed? W

11. Have you taught in any other institution before coming over to this institution? 1. Yes 2. No 0.No opinion

12. If yes, mention what type of educational institution? 1. Government 2. Aided 3. Self-financing 0. No opinion 9. Not Applicable

13. Which institution offered you more salary and job security? 1. Government 2. Aided 3. Self-financing 0. No opinion 9. Not Applicable

14. What is your opinion about the educational standard of the students of this institution? 1. Good 2. Bad 3. Average 0. No opinion 99.Don‘t Know 15. In this institution, which category does the brilliant students belong to?

1. Students admitted on Merit 2. Students from management quota 3. Both are equally brilliant 0. No opinion 99.Don’t Know

16. Do you feel that there exist a competition between merit students and students from management quota in their course work? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion 99. Don’t Know 17. What is the nature of student teacher relationship in this institution?

1. Good 2. No relationship 0. No opinion 18. Do the teachers in this institution discuss about the problems of backward students with them?

1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion 19. Is the management committed towards the teaching community?

1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion 9. Not Applicable 20. Are you a member of any teacher association? 1. Yes 2. No 0. No opinion 21. If yes, which association?

Àa

22. Does your association protect your professional interests? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion 9. Not Applicable

23. Are you satisfied with the present salary and job security? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion

24. If no, what is the reason? 25. Are you satisfied with the infrastructural facility provided in this institution? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion

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26. In your opinion which government take a favorable attitude towards the managements? 1. LDF 2. UDF 3. All favors management 4. All are against management 0. No opinion 27. Do you think that social control is necessary in the functioning of self-financing institutions? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion 28. What about the job security of the former students of this institution? 29. Is there any campus selection for employment in this institution? 1. Yes 2. No 0. No opinion 99. Don’t Know 30. If yes, which type of organization selects students from this institution? 1. MNC 2. National / Ltd. Company 3. Government 4. Other private sector 0. No opinion. 9. Not Applicable 31. Is there any Alumni association functioning in this institution? 1. Yes 2. No 3. Don’t know 0. No opinion. 32. If yes, what about the activities of this association? 33. According to you, how much does the professional education contributes to the welfare of society? 1. Greater extent 2) Lesser 3. To some extent 0. No opinion. 99. Don’t Know 34. What about the social commitment of the students in this institution? 1. Highly committed 2. To Some extent 3. Less committed 4. No commitment 0. No opinion 35 What is your opinion about the fee rate decided by Justice K .T. Thomas Commission and P.A.Muhammad Committee? 36. What is your opinion about starting autonomous colleges in Kerala? (Rank according to preference)

1 2 3 4 5 6

a. It will provide academic autonomy. b. It will reduce administrative burden of university. c. It will lead to effective management of the colleges. d. Vested interests will dominate over public interest in higher education. e. It will lead to further commercialization of education. f. Any other (Specify)......................................................................

37. What is your opinion about privatizing higher education? 1. Fully Support 2. Support with reservation 99. Oppose 0. No opinion. 38. What is your opinion about the 2006 Act on Self Financing Professional Education by the LDF Government?

1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 2. No Opinion

39. What is your opinion regarding globalization process?

40. Do you feel that the process of globalization influenced your teaching in one way or other?

41. Please state your suggestions for solving the issues relating to Self-financing Colleges in Kerala

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APPENDIX-III PROBLEMS OF SELF FINANCING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN KERALA:

A POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS (Questionnaire for Public)

(A Ph.D topic in Political Science, Department of Political Science, University of Kerala) The information gathered through this questionnaire is for the research purpose of Nithya N.R., Research scholar in the Department of Political Science, University of Kerala. The data gathered

through this will be used only for research purpose. 1. Sex

1. Male 2. female 2. Age

1. 35 -45 2. 46-55. 3. 56-65 4. Above 65. 3. Native Place

1. Urban 2.Rural. 3. Semi Urban 4. Caste

1. FC. 2. OBC 3.SC. 4. ST. 5. OEC 5. Religion

1. Hindu 2.Christian 3.Muslim 4.Budhism 6. Monthly income (in Rupees)

1.500-2000 2.2000-5000 3.5000-10000 4.10000 -25000 7. Educational Qualification

1. Below SSLC 2. SSLC and Above 3. Below graduation 4. ITI, ITC 5. Graduate 6. PG and above 7. Professional /technical degrees

8. Occupation 1. Manual labor 2. Government servant 3. Self employed 4. Big/Medium/Small business 5. Professional 6. Private sector 7. House wife 8. Social and political activist 10. Retired from government/private services

9. What is your opinion regarding the issues relating to self financing colleges? a. Self-financing colleges increases quality of education in Kerala. Comment.

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

b. Self-financing Colleges bring social control. comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

c. Self-financing colleges lead to commercialization of education. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

d. Self-financing colleges leads to corruption. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

e. Outflow of funds to other states may be restricted. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

f. More students can be accommodated. Do you agree? 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No O pinion

g. Education becomes too expensive in self-financing colleges. Do you agree? 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

h. Private educational institutions are better managed than public institutions. Comment.

1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion i. Government has no sufficient funds. Do you agree?

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion j. Self-financing colleges bring academic autonomy and dynamism. Comment.

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1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion k. Self-financing colleges bring elitism and rich domination in education. Comment.

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion l. Social justice is negated. Do you agree?

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion 10. Are you a member of any organization/ party?

1. Yes 2. No 0. No opinion 11. If yes, which organization and what is your position in it?

12. Did you discuss the issues relating to self financing colleges in your party/organization’s

meetings? 1. Yes 2. No 0. No opinion 9. Not Applicable

13. Do you think that the self-financing colleges erode the quality by compromising merit for money power?

1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 14. Have you heard of globalization?

1.Yes 2. No 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 15. Do you support or oppose globalization?

1. Support 2. Oppose 3. Partially 0. No opinion 16. Do you think that the mushrooming growth of private self-financing colleges is connected

with globalization process? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion 17. According to you, between LDF and UDF ,which front take a favorable attitude towards the

poor students 1. LDF 2. UDF 3. Both favors Poor 4. Both are against poor 0. No opinion

18. According to you, between LDF and UDF ,which front take a favorable attitude towards the management

1. LDF 2. UDF 3. All favors management 4. All are against management 0. No opinion

19. Do you think social control is necessary in the functioning of self-financing institutions? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion

20. If yes, give details of the means of social control?


1. Agree 2. Partially agree3. Disagree 4. Government should bear this expenditure 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 5. Scholarships . 22. Political, economic and communal considerations largely affect the allotment of

colleges and courses rather than pure merit and performance. Do you agree? 1. Agree 2. Partially agree3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion


1. Agree 2. Partially agree3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion 24. What is your opinion about privatizing higher education? 1. Fully support 2) Support with reservation 3) Oppose

99) Don’t know 0) No opinion 25. What are the reasons for establishing more self financing colleges recently?


1 2 3 4 5 6

a. Quality degradation in government institutions. b. Government has no sufficient funds to meet the demand for more seats. c. Consequence and impact of globalization. d. Private educational institutions provide better quality than public institutions. e. Pressure on the part of education lobby’s in Kerala. f. The present government favors privatization of education.

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g. Any other (Specify)........................................... 26. What is your opinion about starting of autonomous colleges in Kerala?


1 2 3 4 5 6

a. It will provide academic autonomy. b. It will reduce administrative burden of university. c. It will lead to effective management of the colleges. d. Vested interests will dominate over public interest in higher education. e. It will lead to further commercialization of education. f. Any other (Specify).............................................

27. Did you hear about the recent Supreme Court verdict on self-financing colleges (Inamdar case)?

1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion. 28. Do you think the verdict was against poor students? 1. Yes 2.No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0.No opinion. 9. Not Applicable 29. Do you think that the verdict was in favor of the management? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0.No opinion. 9. Not Applicable 30. Do you think the self-financing colleges erode the quality by compromising merit for money

power? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0.No opinion 31. What is your opinion about the fee rate decided by Justice K .T. Thomas Commission and

P.A. Muhammad Committee? 32. Do you think that the commissions had supported the poor students?

1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 33. Do you think that the commissions had supported the private management? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 34 . What is your opinion about legislative regulations on self-financing colleges? 35. Do you agree with the Act by the LDF government (2006) to regulate Self- financing colleges?

1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 0. No opinion

36. If no, what are the reasons? 37. Do you have any suggestions on the present controversy regarding self financing professional education in Kerala?

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APPENDIX-IV PROBLEMS OF SELF FINANCING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN KERALA:

A POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS (Questionnaire for Parents)




2. Age 1. 35 -45 2. 46-55. 3. 56-65. 4. Above 65. 3. Native Place

1. Urban 2. Rural. 3. Semi Urban 4. Caste

1. FC. 2. OBC 3. SC. 4. ST. 5. OEC 5. Religion

1. Hindu 2. Christian 3. Muslims 4. Buddhism 6. Monthly income (in Rupees)

1.500-2000 2.2000-5000 3.5000-10000 4. 10000-25000 7. Educational Qualification

1. Below SSLC 2. SSLC and Above 3. Below Graduation 4. ITI,ITC 5. Graduate and above 6. PG and above 7. Professional /technical degrees

8. Occupation 1. Manual labor 2. Government servant 3. Self employed 4. Big/Medium/Small business 5. Professional 6. Private sector 7. House wife 8. Social and political activist 9. Retired government servants 10. Abroad

9. What is your opinion regarding the issues relating to self financing colleges? a. Self-financing Colleges increases quality of education in Kerala. Comment.

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion b. Self-financing Colleges bring social control. Comment.

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion c. Self-financing colleges lead to commercialization of education. Comment.

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion d. Self-financing colleges leads to corruption. Do you agree? 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion e. Outflow of funds to other states may be restricted. Do you agree?

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion f. More students can be accommodated. Comment.

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion g. Education becomes too expensive in self-financing colleges. Do you agree? 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion h. Private educational institutions are better managed than public institutions. Comment.

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion i. Government has no sufficient funds to run educational institutions. Comment 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

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j. Self-financing colleges bring academic autonomy and dynamism. Do you agree? 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion k. Self-financing colleges bring elitism and rich domination in education. Comment.

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion l. Social justice is negated. Do you agree?

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 10. How much amount you paid in cash for your wards admission? (in Rupees)

11. During the time of admission of your son/daughter did anybody approach you with illegal

influence eg: personal contact, bribe etc for getting admission? 1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 12. How did you meet the expense required for your child’s study?

1. Loan 2. From salary 3. Self employed 4 Scholarships 5. Borrowed from others 13. If loan from bank, did you face any difficulty to get it?

1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 4. Others 9. Not Applicable 99. Don’t Know 14. On what condition you obtained educational loan? What was amount? (in Rupees)

15. How much amount do you spent in a month for the education of your son/daughter?

(in Rupees) 16. Are you satisfied with the infrastructural facility provided in self-financing colleges.?

1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion 99. Don’t Know 17. Are you a member of any organization/ party?

1. Yes 2. No 0. No opinion 18. If yes, which organization and position in it?

19. According to you, between LDF and UDF ,which front take a favorable attitude

towards the poor students? 1. LDF 2. UDF 3. Both favors Poor 4. Both are against poor 0. N.O 99. Don’t Know

20. According to you, between LDF and UDF, which front take a favorable attitude towards the management?

1. LDF 2. UDF 3. All favors management 4. All are against management 0. N.O 99. Don’t Know

21. Do you think that social control is necessary in the functioning of self-financing institutions?

1. Yes 2. No 0. No opinion 99. Don’t Know 22. If yes, give details of the means of social control?

23. The self-financing colleges require huge investment and funds for functioning. Hence

concessional fee rate for poor students cannot be borne by them. What is your opinion about this argument?

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 4. Government should bear this expenditure 9. Don’t know 0. No opinion 5. Scholarships 24. Political, economic and communal considerations largely affect the allotment of colleges and

courses rather than pure merit and performance. Do you agree? 1. Agree 2) Partially agree3) Disagree 99) Don’t Know 0) No opinion


1. Agree 2) Partially agree3) Disagree 99) Don’t Know 0) No opinion 26. What are the reasons for establishing more self financing colleges recently?

Rank according to preference)

1 2 3 4 5 6

a. Quality degradation in government institutions. b. Government has no sufficient funds to meet the demand for more seats. c. Consequence and impact of globalization. d. Private educational institutions provide better quality than public institutions. e. Pressure on the part of education lobby’s in Kerala? f. The present government favors privatization of education.

xi

g. Any other (Specify)........................................................ 27. What is your opinion about starting autonomous colleges in Kerala

(Rank according to preference) 1 2 3 4 5

a. It will provide academic autonomy. b. It will reduce administrative burden of university. c. It will lead to effective management of the colleges. d. Vested interests will dominate over public interest in higher education. e. It will lead to further commercialization of education. f. Any other (Specify)...........................................................

28. What is your opinion about privatizing higher education? 1. Fully support 2. Support with reservation 3. Oppose

g. 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 29. Did you hear about the recent Supreme Court verdict on self-financing

colleges (Inamdar case)? 1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion.

30. Did you think that the verdict was against poor students? 1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion. 9. Not Applicable

31. Do you think that the verdict was in favor of the management? 1. Yes 2. No 0. No opinion 99. Don’t Know 9. Not Applicable

32. Do you think the self-financing colleges erode the quality by compromising merit for money power?

1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 33. Have you heard of globalization?

1. Yes 2. No 99 .Don’t know 34. Do you support or oppose globalization?

1. Support 2. Oppose 3. Partially 0. No opinion 9. Not Applicable 35 If yes, give reasons for your argument? 36 Do you think the mushrooming growth of private self-financing

colleges is connected with globalization process? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

37. What is your opinion about the fee rate decided by Justice K .T. Thomas Commission and P.A.Muhammad Committee?

38. According to you, which Commissions had supported the poor students?

1. K T Thomas commission 2. P.A Muhammad commission 3. Both Commission 4. None of the commission 99. Don’t know 0. No Opinion 9. Not Applicable 39. Do you agree with the Act (2006) by the LDF Government to regulate Self-financing colleges? 1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 0. No opinion 99. Don’t know 40. If no, what are the reasons? 41. Do you have any suggestion for solving the issues relating to Self financing Colleges in Kerala?

xii

APPENDIX-V PROBLEMS OF SELF FINANCING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN KERALA:

A POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS (Questionnaire for Politicians)



1. Please mention the Party to which belongs to ............................. 2. Sex

1. Male 2. Female

3. Age

1. 25 -35 2. 36-45 3. 46-55. 4 56-6 5.Above 65. 4. Native Place

1. Urban 2.Rural. 3. Semi Urban

5. Caste

1. FC. 2. OBC 3.SC. 4. ST. 5. Jainism 0. No opinion 6. Religion 1. Hind 2. Christian 3. Muslims 4. Jainism 0. No opinion 7. Monthly income (in Rupees)

1. Below 2000 2.2000-5000 3.5000-80000 4. 80000 -10000 5. 10000-25000 6. 250000 and above

8. Educational Qualification 1. Below SSLC 2. SSLC and Above 3. Below Graduation 4. ITI,ITC 5. Graduate and above 6. PG and above 7. Professional /technical degrees

9. Occupation 1. Manual labor 2. Government servant 3. Self employed 4. Social and political activity 5. Political activity 6. Big/Medium/Small business 7. Professional 8. Private Sector 10. Retired government/private service 11. Media (print/electronic)

10. What is your opinion regarding the issues relating to self financing colleges? a. Self-financing Colleges increases quality of education in Kerala. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion b. Self-financing Colleges bring social control. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion c. Self-financing colleges lead to commercialization of education. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion d. Self-financing colleges leads to corruption. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion e. Outflow of funds to other states may be restricted. Do you agree? 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion f. More students will be accommodated. Do you agree? 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No O pinion g. Education becomes too expensive in self-financing colleges. Do you agree? 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion h. Private educational institutions are better managed than public institutions. Comment.

xiii

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion i. Government has no sufficient funds. Do you agree?

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3 Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion j. Self-financing colleges bring academic autonomy and dynamism. Comment. 1. Agree 2 . Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0 .No opinion k. Self-financing colleges bring elitism and rich domination in education. Comment. 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion l. Social justice is negated. Do you agree? 1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

11. Did you discuss the issues relating to self financing colleges in your party/ auxiliary organization’s meetings?

1. Yes 2. No 0. No opinion 12. Do you think that the self-financing colleges erode the quality by compromising merit for

money power? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

13. Have you heard of globalization process? 1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

14. Do you support or oppose globalization? 1. Support 2. Oppose 3. Partially 0.No opinion 9. Not Applicable 15. Do you think that the mushrooming growth of private self-financing colleges is connected

with globalization? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

16. In your opinion, which government take a favorable attitude towards the poor students? 1. LDF 2. UDF 3. Both favors Poor 4. Both are against poor 0. No opinion 99. Don’t Know

17. According to you, between LDF and UDF ,which front take a favorable attitude towards the management?

1. LDF 2. UDF 3. All are against management 4. All favors management 0. No opinion 99. Don’t Know 18. In your opinion, which government is responsible for strengthening self-financing education

in Kerala? 1. LDF 2. UDF 3. Both are responsible 4. Others 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

19. What is your opinion about educational lobbies in Kerala 1. Support 2. Partially support 3. Disagree 4. Others 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

20. Do you think that a good number of self financing colleges are controlled by the dominant caste/communal groups in Kerala?

1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 21. Do you feel that the self financing colleges are needed for the progress of educational sector in

Kerala? 1. Needed 2. Not needed 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion.

22. Did you notice the students strike held by major students unions against self financing colleges?

1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 23. If yes, do you think the demands raised by the unions are justiciable?

1. Yes 2. No 3.Some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 9. Not Applicable 24. Do you think social control is necessary in the functioning of self-financing institutions? 1. Yes 2. No 3.To some extent 0. No opinion

25. If yes, give details of the means of social control?


1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 4. Government should bear this expenditure 5. Government has no sufficient fund 99. Don’t know 0. No Opinion 5. Scholarships 27. Do you agree that, the financial benefit to the state economy due to the establishment of self-

financing colleges is a myth since the money spent here is directly going to the private hands and not to public exchequer?

xiv

1. Agree 2) Partially agree3) Disagree 99) Don’t Know 0) No opinion 28. What is your opinion about the current trends of privatizing higher education?

1. Fully support 2. Support with reservation 3. Oppose 99. Don’t know 0. No Opinion

29. If support with some reservation, please mention what are the factors?

30. What are the reasons for establishing more self financing colleges recently? (Rank according to preference)

1 2 3 4 5 6

a. Quality degradation in government Institutions. b. Government has no sufficient funds to meet the demand for more seats. c. Consequence and impact of globalization. d. Private educational institutions provide better quality than public institutions. e. Pressure on the part of education lobby’s in Kerala. f. The present government favors privatization of education. g. Any other (Specify)...........................................

31. What is your opinion about starting autonomous colleges in Kerala? (Rank according to preference)

1 2 3 4 5

a. It will provide academic autonomy. b. It will reduce administrative burden of the university. c. It will lead to effective management of the colleges. d. Vested interests will dominate over public interest in higher education. e. It will lead to further commercialization of education. f. Any other (Specify).................................................

32. Do you think that self financing colleges erode the quality by compromising merit for money power?

1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 33. What is your opinion about the fee rate decided by Justice K .T. Thomas Commission and

P.A Muhammad Committee?

34. Do you think that these commissions had supported the poor students? 1. Yes 2. No3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 9. Not Applicable

35. What is your opinion about Legislative regulations of self-financing colleges? 1. Good 2. Bad 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

36. Do you agree with the 2006 Act by the LDF Government to regulate self- financing colleges?

1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 37. If no, what are the reasons?

38. In your opinion, what are the differences between LDF and UDF in their attitude regarding

self financing professional education?

39. What is your opinion about the need for a national policy in this sector?

40. State your suggestions for solving the issues relating to self financing professional education in Kerala?

xv

APPENDIX-VI PROBLEMS OF SELF FINANCING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN KERALA:

A POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS (Questionnaire for Elites)

(A Ph.D topic in Political Science, Department of Political Science, University of Kerala ) The information gathered through this questionnaire is for the research purpose of


1. Sex

1. Male 2. female 2. Age 1.35 -45 2. 46-55. 3.56-65. 4. above 65. 3. Native Place

1. Urban 2. Rural. 3. Semi Urban 4. Caste

1. FC. 2. OBC 3. SC. 4. ST. 5. OEC 5. Religion

1. Hindu 2. Christian 3. Muslims 4. Budhism 6. Monthly income (in Rupees)

1. Below 2000 2.2000-5000 3.5000-8000 4. 8000-10000 5. 10000-25000 7. Educational Qualification

1. Below SSLC 2. SSLC and Above 3. Below graduation 4. ITI,ITC 5. Graduate 6. PG and above 7. Professional /technical degrees

8. Designation

9. What is your opinion regarding the issues relating to self financing colleges? a. Self-financing Colleges increases quality of education in Kerala. Comment

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion b. Self-financing Colleges bring social control. Do you agree?

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion c. Self-financing colleges lead to commercialization of education. Comment.

1 Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion d. Self-financing colleges leads to corruption. Do you agree?

1 . Agree 2. partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion e. Outflow of funds to other states may be restricted. Do you agree?

1 .Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion f. More students can be accommodated. Do you agree?

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion g. Education becomes too expensive in self-financing colleges. Do you agree?

1 Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion h. Private educational institutions are better managed than public institutions.

Comment. 1 Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

i. Government has no sufficient funds. Do you agree? 1 Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

j. Self-financing colleges bring academic autonomy and dynamism. Comment. 1 Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

k. Self-financing colleges bring elitism and rich domination in education. Do you agree? 1 Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

l. Social justice is negated. Comment. 1 Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 99. Don’t Know 0. No opinion

10. Are you a member of any organization/ party?

xvi

1. Yes 2. No 0. No Opinion 11. If yes, which organization ?

12. Did you discuss the issues relating to self financing colleges in your party/organization’s meetings?

1. Yes 2. No 0. No Opinion 13. Do you think the self-financing colleges erode the quality by compromising merit for money power? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No Opinion 14. Have you heard of globalization process? 1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t Know 15. Do you support or oppose globalization?

1. Support 2. Oppose 3. Partially 0. No Opinion 16. Do you think the mushrooming growth of private self-financing colleges is

connected with globalization process? 1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t Know 0.No opinion 17. According to you, between LDF and UDF ,which front take a favorable attitude towards the

poor students? 1. LDF 2. UDF 3. Both favors Poor 4. Both are against poor 0. No Opinion

18. According to you, between LDF and UDF, which front take a favorable attitude towards the management?

1. LDF 2. UDF 3. All favors management 4) All are against management 0. No Opinion

19. Do you think social control is necessary in the functioning of self-financing institutions?

1. Yes 2. No 0. No opinion 20. If yes, give details of the means of social control?

21. The self-financing colleges require huge investment and funds for functioning. Hence

concessional fee rate for poor students cannot be borne by them. What is your opinion about this argument?

1. Agree 2. Partially agree 3. Disagree 4. Government should fear this expenditure 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 5. Scholarships 22. Do you agree that, the financial benefit to the state economy due to the establishment of self-

financing colleges is a myth since the money spent here is directly going to the private hands and not to public exchequer?

1. Agree 2) Partially agree3) Disagree 99) Don’t Know 0) No opinion 23. What are the reasons for establishing more self financing colleges 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 recently (Rank according to preference)

a. Quality degradation in government institutions. b. Government has no sufficient funds to meet the demand for more seats. c. Consequence and impact of globalization. d. Private educational institutions provide better quality than public institutions. e. Pressure on the part of education lobby’s in Kerala. f. The present government favors privatization of education. g. Any other (Specify)................................................

24. What is your opinion about starting of autonomous colleges in Kerala? (Rank according to preference)

1 2 3 4 5 6

a. It will provide academic autonomy. b. It will reduce administrative burden of university. c. It will lead to effective management of the colleges. d. Vested interests will dominate over public interest in higher education. e. It will lead to further commercialization of education. f. Any other (Specify)..............................................................

25 What is your opinion about privatizing higher education? 1. Fully support 2. Support with reservation 3. Oppose

xvii

99. Don’t know 0. No opinion 26 Did you hear about the recent Supreme Court verdict on self-financing colleges

( Inamdar case)? 1. Yes 2. No 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion.

27 Did you think the verdict was against poor students? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

28 Do you think that the verdict was in favor of the management? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 0. No opinion 99. Don’t know

29 Do you think the self-financing colleges erode the quality by compromising merit for money power? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

30 What is your opinion about the fee rate decided by Justice K .T. Thomas Commission and P.A.Muhammad committee?

31 Do you think that the Commissions had supported the poor students? 1.Yes 2. No 3. To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

32 Do you think that the commissions had supported the private management? 1. Yes 2. No 3.To some extent 99. Don’t know 0. No opinion

33 44. What is your opinion about Legislative regulations of self-financing colleges?

34 Do you agree with the new 2006 by the LDF government to regulate self-financing colleges? 1. Agree 2. Partially Agree 3. Disagree 0. No opinion

35 If no, what are the reasons?

36 Do you have any suggestions for solving the present controversy of self financing professional education in Kerala?

xviii

APPENDIX-VII PROBLEMS OF SELF FINANCING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN KERALA:

A POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS (Questionnaire for Students Union)



1. What is your opinion about Self financing professional education in Kerala? a. It must be on the basis of social capital b. Close all the self financing colleges c. Highly commercialized sector d. It created new opportunities e. Government has no sufficient funds to run educational institutions f. It is promoting business enterprises

2. In your opinion, what are the problems of students in self financing colleges? a. No clear cut laws b. Lack of basic facilities c. Mental torture d. Controversies in admission and fee structure e. Business mentality of the management f. Lack of social activities

3. What is your opinion about the fee structure of self financing colleges? a. Can't afford poor students b. It favours private management c. Adjustment between government and management d. Should apply government prescribed fee for 50% students admitted in the merit seat

4. What is your opinion about quality of education in self financing colleges? a. No quality because of the profit motives of management b. Lack of quality students, teachers and infrastructural facilities c. Management accommodate more students without considering quality d. Lack of quality control mechanisms

5. Please comment about self financing management? a. Business enterprises only b. Anti- social institutions c. Creating inequality and violence d. Undemocratic and unethical in nature e. Promoting capitalism

6. What is your opinion about the politics in self financing colleges?

a. Students torture due to lack of student unions b. Students should unite themselves c. Lack of students unions will encourage the rise of communal powers d. Management restricts students unions e. Undemocratic management

7. What is your opinion about the Self financing courses under Government/aided sector?

a. It will benefit only an elite stratum of the society b. Social control is necessary c. Merit should be the criterion of admission

8. Is self financing education sector a value based one? a. It depends on the policy of the managements b. Education should be on quality basis c. Not at all value based d. Only market principles operates

9. What is the alternative for self financing colleges? a. Sanctioning of colleges ,seats and courses according to the needs of the society b. Start colleges on the basis of social control c. Regulating system is essential d. Government should increase resources

xix

e. Establish cess from industrial corporates 10. What is your opinion about the recent Supreme Court verdict on self-financing colleges?

a. Unfortunate judgment b. Globalization influences judiciary also c. Violation of the basic principle of the Constitution d. Lack of social perspective e. Protect the interests of private management

11. Did you apply for Review Petition? 1. No 2. Yes

12. What is your opinion about the need for a national policy for self financing colleges? a. Most necessary b. A central law on the basis of diversity of states c. A central law needed to control private management

13. What is your opinion about the social commitment of self financing colleges? a. No social commitment b. Only business motives c. Vested interests of managements

14. Do you think that political parties in Kerala did not seriously consider the self financing college issue?

a. No b. Yes c. Some parties considered d. Its only a political game 0. No opinion 99 Don’t Know

15. Do you agree that more than political parties, human rights associations, students union and media played active role in creating awareness regarding the issues of self financing colleges to the people of Kerala?

a. Disagree b. Agree c. To some extent 0. No opinion 16. Do you think that Globalization increases the importance of self financing colleges?

a. Yes b. No c. To some extent 0. No opinion

17. What about bringing social control in self financing colleges? Background Data of the Respondents

18. Age 1. 20-25 2. 25-30 3. 30-35

19. Educational Qualification 1. Below graduation 2. Graduate and above 3. PG and above 4. Professional Degree 20. Position in the student union

21. Experience ( in years) 22. District 23. Gender

1. Male 2. Female 24. Affiliation to political party

xx

APPENDIX –VIII PROBLEMS OF SELF FINANCING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN KERALA: A

POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS Interview Schedule for Management

(A Ph.D topic in Political Science, Department of Political Science, University of Kerala)

The information gathered through this questionnaire is for the research purpose of Nithya N.R., Research scholar in the Department of Political Science, University of Kerala. The data

gathered through this will be used only for research purpose.

1. According to you, how much self financing colleges can influence the economic structure of Kerala?

2. The unbridled expansion in the field of self financing professional colleges has negatively affected its quality. Do you agree?

3. What are the difference between LDF and the UDF regarding the policy of self financing colleges?

4. What is your opinion about bringing social control in self financing colleges? 5. Do you agree that a national law is essential for self financing colleges? 6. What is your opinion about the importance of self financing colleges in Kerala in the

globalized era? 7. Do you think that self financing education process is supporting the cause of social justice? 8. The existing Supreme Court and High court verdicts on this issue are against marginalized and

economically backward sections. Do you agree? 9. Do you think that government and political parties in Kerala did not seriously consider the self

financing college issue? 10. In Kerala, minority rights are not properly used. Most of them are accepting capitation fee and

are not giving any weightage to economically backward sections among minority community. Do you agree?

11. What are the measures taken by self financing management in order to protect the interests of socially and economically backward students?

12. What is your opinion about the social commitment of self financing educational institutions? 13. At present, what are the challenges faced by self financing education sector in Kerala? 14. Are you satisfied with the recent agreement (2011) with Government of Kerala regarding seat

sharing in self financing colleges? Please explain your views 15. Can you provide any other suggestion for solving the present issues in self financing

educational sector in Kerala?

xxi

APPENDIX –IX PROBLEMS OF SELF FINANCING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN KERALA: A

POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS Interview Schedule for Syndicate Members, University of Kerala

(A Ph.D topic in Political Science, Department of Political Science, University of Kerala)

The information gathered through this questionnaire is for the research purpose of Nithya N.R., Research scholar in the Department of Political Science, University of Kerala. The data

gathered through this will be used only for research purpose. 1. According to you, to what extent self financing colleges can influence the economic structure

of Kerala? 2. The unbridled expansion in the field of self financing professional colleges has negatively

affected its quality .Do you agree? 3. What are the differences between LDF and the UDF regarding the policy of self financing

colleges? 4. What is your opinion about bringing social control in self financing colleges? 5. Do you agree that a national law is essential for regulating self financing colleges? 6. What is your opinion about the importance of self financing colleges in Kerala in the

globalized era? 7. Do you think that self financing education process is process is supporting the cause of social

justice? 8. The existing Supreme Court and High court verdicts are against marginalized and


financing college issue? 10. In Kerala, minority rights are not properly used. Most of them are accepting capitation fee and

are not giving any weightage to economically backward sections among minority community. Do you agree?

11. What is your opinion about starting technical and professional colleges in the government sector?

12. Do you agree that in Kerala, self financing colleges were started based on the influence of caste, communal and education lobbies? Please comment.

13. How much did the recent agreement (2011) with Government of Kerala and managements benefit the merit students in self financing college? Please comment.

14. What is the standpoint of University of Kerala regarding the issues in self financing colleges? 16. Can you provide any other suggestion for solving the present issues in self financing


xxii

APPENDIX –X PROBLEMS OF SELF FINANCING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN KERALA: A

POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS Interview Schedule for Ministers

(A Ph.D topic in Political Science, Department of Political Science, University of Kerala )

The information gathered through this questionnaire is for the research purpose of Nithya N.R., Research scholar in the Department of Political Science, University of Kerala. The data gathered through this will be used only for research purpose.

1. According to you, to what extent how much self financing colleges can influence the

economic structure of Kerala? 2. The unbridled expansion in the field of self financing professional colleges had negatively

affected its quality .Do you agree? 3. What are the differences between LDF and the UDF regarding the policy of self financing

colleges? 4. What is your opinion about bringing social control in self financing colleges? 5. Do you agree that a national law is essential for self financing colleges? 6. What is your opinion about the importance of self financing colleges in Kerala in the

globalized era? 15. Do you think that self financing education is supporting the cause of social justice? 7. What is the role of the LDF government in solving the problems of students in self financing

colleges? 8. The existing Supreme Court and High court verdicts are against marginalized and


financing college issue? 10. What is your opinion about starting technical and professional colleges in the government

sector? 11. Do you agree that in Kerala, self financing colleges were started, based on the influence of

caste, communal and education lobbies? 12. In Kerala, minority rights are not properly used. Most of them are accepting capitation fee and

are not giving any weightage to economically backward sections among minority comunity. Do you agree?

13. Does the government face any pressure from self financing management lobbies? Please expand your views

14. What is the approach of managements regarding the LDF government policy on this issue? 15. What are the policies and programmes of the LDF government on self financing sector? 16. Can you provide any other suggestion for solving the present issues in self financing


xxiii

APPENDIX- XI THE KERALA SELF FINANCING PROFESSIONAL COLLEGES (PROHIBITION OF

CAPITATION FEES AND PROCEDURE FOR ADMISSION AND FIXATION OF FEES) ACT. 2004

ACT 17 OF 2004 An Act to prohibit capitation fee and to lay down the procedure for admission of students and fixation of fee structure in the self financing professional colleges in the State of Kerala and for matters incidental thereto. Preamble – Whereas it is necessary and expedient to prohibit capitation fee and to lay down the procedure for admission of students and fixation of fee structure in the self financing professional colleges in the State of Kerala and for matters incidental thereto: Be it enacted in the Fifty-fifth year of the Republic of India as follows:- 1. Short title and commencement –

(1) This Act may be called the Kerala Self Financing Professional Colleges (Prohibition of Capitation Fees and Procedure for Admission and Fixation of Fees) Act. 2004.

(2) It shall come into force at once. 2. Definitions – In this Act. unless the context otherwise requires – (a) “capitation fees” means any amount by whatever name called, whether in cash or in kind paid or collected or received directly or indirectly in addition to the fees determined under section 4; (b) “committee” means the committee constituted under section 7; (c) “consortium” means an association of self financing professional colleges consisting of more than fifty per cent of the total number of institutions of that particular type such as engineering/technology, medical/dental/pharmacy/ ayurveda/ homeopathy/ sidha and nursing; (d) “Government” means the Government of Kerala; (e) “Government Quota” means those seats in a self financing professional college against which the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations makes allotment for admission; (f) “lapsed seats” means those seats in the Government Quota that may be filled up by the management if and when the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations informs the management that he would not be advising any more candidates against such quota; (g) “Management” means any person or trustee or the governing body by whatever name called, under whose administration any self financing professional college is functioning; (h) “Management Quota” means those seats earmarked to be filled up by the management; (i) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under the Act; (j) “self financing professional college” means a college maintained by person or body of persons and affiliated to or recognized by a university and not receiving any financial assistance from Government for running of the institution and conducting courses in any of the following disciplines, namely:- (i) Engineering and Technology; (ii) Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Sidha and Nursing; (iii) any other discipline as may be declared by the Government by notification in the Gazette; (k) “State” means the State of Kerala; and (l) “University” means the University of Kerala, the University of Calicut, the Mahatma Gandhi University, the Kannur University or the Cochin University of Science and Technology or any other university established under any law made by the Legislature of the State. 3. Procedure for admission into self financing professional colleges – (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force or in any judgment, decree or order of any court or any other authority or in an agreement, the admission of students into a self financing professional college shall be made on the basis of merit as provided in sub-sections (2) to (6). (2) In every self financing professional college fifty per cent of the total seats in each branch shall be Government Quota and the remaining fifty per cent shall be Management Quota. (3) Seats in the Government Quota shall be filled up based on counseling by the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations on the basis of the ranks in the common entrance examination conducted by him, following the principles of reservation as ordered by the Government from time to time. (4) Seats in the Management Quota shall be filled up either from the list prepared on the basis of the Common Entrance Examination conducted by the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations or from the list prepared on the basis of the common entrance test conducted by a consortium of a particular type in the State: Provided that managements shall have the option to earmark not more than 15% of the seats in the Management Quota to dependents of Non-Resident Indians and in that case the admission of the candidates shall be made on the basis of the marks they have obtained in the qualifying examinations.

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(5) Educational qualification for admission in the self financing professional college shall be the same as are applicable to the corresponding courses in the Government Colleges as may be notified by the Government from time to time. (6) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) lapsed seats, if any, may be filled up by the management in accordance with sub-sections (4) and (5). 4. Fee Structure – (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force or in any judgment, decree or order of any court or other authority or in any agreement: (a) the fee to be collected from the candidates admitted in the Government Quota shall be the same as the fee prevailing for the corresponding course in the State Government Colleges; (b) the fee to be collected from the candidates admitted in the Management Quota shall be determined by the management taking into consideration the inevitable expense for running the institution. (2) The fees to be determined under clause (b) of sub-section (1) may include all or any of the following items, namely;-

(a) tuition fees on yearly basis; (b) library fee; (c) laboratory fee; (d) caution deposit; (e) development fee; and (f) refundable deposit, if any.

(3) The management shall not indulge in profiteering while determining the fees structure. 5. Consortium – (1) The consortium shall be a body corporate having perpetual succession and a common seal and shall sue and be sued in the name of the executive head. (2) The consortium shall adopt such procedure as may be laid down by regulations to be framed by the consortium. (3) All the self financing professional colleges of a particular type shall be eligible for admission as members of the consortium. 6. Collection of capitation fee prohibited – (1) No capitation fee shall be collected by or on behalf of any self financing professional college or by any person who is in charge of or is responsible for the management of such college from or in relation to any candidate/student in consideration of his admission to or prosecution of, any course of study, or his promotion to a higher class in such college or an institution under such management. (2) Where the Committee on receipt of any complaint or otherwise is satisfied that the management of any self financing college or any person who is in charge of or is responsible for the management of such self financing college has contravened the provisions of sub-section (1), the committee may after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard, forward its report with recommendations to the Government. (3) The Government, on receipt of the report under sub-section (2), may in addition to any prosecution that may be instituted under this Act, after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the management and to the person from whom the capitation fee was collected or received, direct the person who collected or received the capitation fee to remit the same to the Government and on his failure to do so, the amount together with interest thereon shall be recovered as if it were an arrear of public revenue due on land and the same when so remitted or recovered, as the case may be forfeited to the Government. 7. Constitution of the Committee – (1) In order to conduct any enquiry into complaints regarding capitation fee the Government shall constitute a committee with the following members, namely:-

(a) A retired judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court Chairman

(b) Secretary to Government – Higher Education Department Member Secretary

(c) Secretary to Government – Health and Family Welfare Department Member

(d) Secretary to Government – Law

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Department Member (e) The Commissioner for Entrance

Examinations, Kerala Member (f) An educational expert who belongs

to the Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe Community Member

(2) The Committee may adopt its own procedure for the conduct of its business. (3) The terms and conditions of service of the Chairman and other members of the Committee

and the powers and functions thereof shall be as may be prescribed. 8. Withdrawal of affiliation, etc. – If the Committee is satisfied that any self financing professional college has contravened or failed to comply with any of the provision contained in this Act, it may, without prejudice to any other penalty under this Act recommended to the Government the disaffiliation of the self financing professional college from the University and the Government may after giving the management an opportunity of being heard direct the University to disaffiliate the self financing professional college from the University and notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force the University shall disaffiliate the self financing professional college concerned forthwith: Provided that before directing the University to disaffiliate any self financing professional college the Government may, if it thinks so, give an opportunity to the management to rectify the irregularity other than the receipt of capitation fee. 9. Penalties – Whoever contravenes any of the provisions of this Act shall, on conviction, be punished with fine which may extend to five lakhs rupees. 10. Cognizance of offence – No court shall take cognizance of any offence punishable under this Act except on a report in writing of the facts constituting such offence made by an officer authorized by the Government in this behalf by notification published in the Gazette. 11. Protection of action taken in good faith – No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against any member of the Committee or any officer of the Government for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act. 12. Removal of difficulties – (1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this act, the Government may, by order, as occasion requires. But not later than two years from the date of commencement of this Act, do anything not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act which appears to them necessary for removing the difficulty. (2) Every order issued under sub-section (1) shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is issued, before the Legislative Assembly while it is in session for a total period of fourteen days which may be comprised in one session or in two successive sessions, and if before the expiry of the session in which it is so laid of the session which is immediately following the Legislative Assembly makes any modifications in the order or decided that the order should not be made. The order shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or of no effect as the case may be, so however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that order. 13. Power to make rules – (1) The Government may, by notification in the Gazette, make rules not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act. (2) Every rule made under this section shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before the legislative Assembly while it is in session for a total period of fourteen days which may comprise in one session or two successive sessions and if before the expiry of the session in which it is so laid or the session immediately following, the Legislative Assembly makes any modification in the rule or decided that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such a modified form or of no effect, as the case may be, so however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule. Source: Government of Kerala, Legislative Secretariat, Thiruvanathapuram, 2004

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APPENDIX-XII THE KERALA PROFESSIONAL COLLEGES OR INSTITUTIONS (PROHIBITION OF

CAPITATION FEE, REGULATION OF ADMISSION, FIXATION OF NON-EXPLOITATIVE FEE AND OTHER MEASURES TO ENSURE EQUITY AND EXCELLENCE IN

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION) ACT, 2006 ACT 19 OF 2006

An Act to provide for prohibition of capitation fee, regulation of admission, fixation of non exploitative fee, allotment of seats to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other socially and economically backward classes and other measures to ensure equity and excellence in professional education and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Preamble. – Whereas, the Hon’ble Supreme Court has held that where there is more than one minority or non-minority institution or similarly situated institution in the State imparting education in any one discipline, then a single common entrance test followed by centralized counseling or in other words single window system of admission is necessary in order to achieve the twin objectives of transparency and merit and further has held that the State can take over the admission procedure to ensure that it is fair, transparent and non-exploitative;

And whereas, it is considered that in the light of the past experiences of mal-administration of entrance test held by the Consortium/Association of Private Professional Colleges in the State, all institutions of the same or similar type, whether minority or non-minority shall be required to fill their seats on the basis of merit determined through a single common entrance test followed by centralized counseling by the State Commissioner for Entrance Examinations;

And whereas, in the Constitution (93rd Amendment) Act, 2005, a provision has been made under clause 5 of Article 15 as follows:-

“(5) Nothing in this article or in sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of Article 30”;

And whereas, the Supreme Court has further held that linguistic and religious minorities are covered by the expression “minority” under Article 30 of the Constitution;

And whereas, the reorganization of the States in India has been made on linguistic lines for the purpose of determining the minority; the unit shall be the State and not the whole of India and therefore, religious and linguistic minorities, who have been put at par in Article 30, have to be considered State-wise;

And whereas, it has been further held by the Supreme Court that Article 30(1) is a sort of guarantee or assurance to the linguistic and religious minority institutions of their right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice and secularism and equality being two of the basic features of the Constitution, Article 30(1) ensures protection to the linguistic and religious minorities, thereby preserving the secularism of the country;

And whereas, it has been further held that the principles of equality must necessarily apply to the enjoyment of such rights and no law can be framed that will discriminate against such minorities with regard to the establishment and administration of educational institutions vis-à-vis other educational institutions and any law or rule or regulation that would put the educational institutions run by the minorities at a disadvantage when compared to the institutions run by others, will have to be struck down and at the same time, there also cannot be any reverse discrimination;

And whereas, the essence of Article 30(1) is to ensure equal treatment between the majority and the minority institutions and no one type or category of institution should be disfavoured or, for that matter, receive more favourable treatment than another, since laws of the land, including rules and regulations, must apply equally to the majority institutions as well as to the minority institutions;

And whereas, keeping in mind the above formulation of the Supreme Court on minority rights and also the unique socio-economic and demographic complexion of the State in the context of the need and commitment to protect and strengthen the secular ethos and the long tradition of equitable sharing of the opportunities for education among different communities prevailing in the State, it is necessary to ensure that the benefits that accrue from minority rights be equitably shared among different sections, including weaker sections, within the minority community to which the particular college or institution belongs;

And whereas, it is necessary to provide freeship and scholarship to a large number of economically weaker students to protect and strengthen the State’s long tradition of providing equitable opportunities for education at all levels of learning, and to promote social justice in accordance with the

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directive principles of the Constitution, it is necessary to apply the principle of using the excess funds generated from NRI seats for benefiting students such as students from economically weaker sections of society as enunciated by the Supreme Court as one of the considerations for the fixation of fee by the competent authority appointed for the purpose and to set up a Higher Education Scholarship Fund for providing scholarship to the socially and economically weaker students;

Be it enacted in the Fifty-Seventh Year of the Republic of India as follows:- 1. Short title and commencement.- (1) This Act may be called the Kerala Professional Colleges or Institutions (Prohibition of Capitation Fee, regulation of admission, fixation of non exploitative fee and other measures to ensure equity and excellence in professional education) Act 2006. (2) It shall come into force at once. 2. Definitions.- In this act, unless the context otherwise requires, (a) Admission supervisory committee means the committee constituted under section 4 for regulating admission in unaided professional colleges or institutions; (b) Aided college means the professional college or institution receiving financial aid or grant from any state or central government and includes minority and non-minority professional college, as specified by the government. (c) Capitation fee means any amount by whatever may called cash or kind paid or collected or received directly or indirectly in addition to the fees determined under this act. (d) common entrance test means the entrance test conducted for determination of merit of the candidates followed by the centralized counseling for the purpose of merit based admission to professional colleges through a single window procedure by the State Commissioner for Entrance Examinations; (e) Fee means all fees including tuition fee, development fee and any other fee fixed by the fee regulatory committee. (f) Fee regulatory committee means the committee constituted under sec. 6 for determining the fee for admission to unaided professional colleges. (g) Freeship means full or partial remission of tuition fees awarded to SCs and STs and other socially, educationally and economically backward students on merit-cum means basis by an unaided professional colleges as may be prescribed. (h) General Merit seat means seats other than specified seats, minority seats and NRI seats and notified as such by government or any such agency authorized by it.

(i) Govt means the Govt of Kerala (j) Higher education scholarship fund means the fund for providing scholarships to

economically backward students on merit-cum means basis. (k) Management means any person or body by whatever name called under whose administration any unaided professional college or institution is functioning. (l) Minority for the purpose of this Act means a community belonging to a religious or linguistic minority as may be determined by government taking the state as a unit. (m) Minority professional college or institution means a professional college or institution established and maintained by a minority that fulfills non-discriminatory criteria as laid down in this Act and determined as such by the Government. (n) Minority seat means seats reserved for students who belong to the community that runs the minority un-aided professional colleges and filled up on the basis of inter se merit in the manner as may be prescribed from the rank list prepared by the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations. (o) NRI seats means seats reserved for children or wards or dependents of Non Resident Indians to whom admission is given by the management in a fair, transparent and non-exploitative manner on the basis of fees as may be prescribed. (p) Prescribed means prescribed by the rules made under this Act. (q) Privilege seats means seats filled up through the single window system from the common merit list prepared by the CEE through the common entrance test, on the basis of interse merit from the applications submitted by the managements of each un aided professional colleges, as may be prescribed. (r) Professional college or institution means a college or institution aided or un aided imparting professional colleges in any of the following disciplines namely, (a) Engineering and Technology (b) Medicine, dentistry pharmacy, Ayrveda, homeopathy siddha and nursing (c) Teacher education or any other discipline as may be declared by the government notification in the Gazette.

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(s) Qualifying examination means the examination as may be prescribed as qualifying for purpose of appearing for the common entrance test. (t) Single window system means the centralized system for admission administered by the SCEE to professional courses in both aided and un aided, minority and non-minority colleges or institutions. (u) Specified seats means the seats earmarked under sub Sec. 1 of Sec. 10. (v) State means the state of Kerala (w) Un aided professional college or institution means those institutions which is not receiving aid or grant in aid from state or central governments and includes minority and non-minority professional colleges or institutions. (x) University means a university established under any law made by the legislature of the state. 3. Method of admissions in Professional Colleges – Notwithstanding any thing contained in any other law for the time being in force or in any judgment decree or order of any court or any other authority, admission of students in all professional colleges to all seats except NRI seats shall be made through common entrance test conducted by the state followed by the centralized counseling through a single window system in the order of merit by the SCEE in accordance with certain procedure as may be specified by the government from time to time 4. Admission Supervisory Committee – (1) The government shall constitute an admission supervisory committee to supervise and guide the process of admission of students to unaided professional colleges consisting of the following members, namely:- (i) A retired judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court : Chairperson (ii) The Secretary to government, Higher Education Department (ex-officio): Member Secretary (iii) The Secretary to Government, Health & Family Welfare Department (ex-officio) : Member (iv) The Secretary to Government, Law Department (ex-officio) : Member (v) The Commissioner for Entrance Examinations, Kerala (ex-officio) : Member (vi) An Educational Expert belonging to the Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe Community: Member (2) The admission supervisory Committee may adopt its own procedure for the conduct of its business. (3) The terms and conditions of service of the Chairperson and the members of the Admission Supervisory Committee shall be as may be prescribed. (4) Non person who is associated with any unaided professional college or institution shall be eligible for being a member of the Admission Supervisory Committee. (5) A member of the Admission Supervisory Committee shall be removed if he or she does any act, which in the opinion of the Government, is unbecoming of a member so removed shall not be renominated to the Committee: Provided that no such member shall be removed from the committee without giving him or her an opportunity of being heard. (6) The Admission Supervisory Committee shall supervise and guide the entire process of admission of students to the unaided professional colleges or institutions with a view to ensure that the process is fair, transparent, merit-based and non-exploitative under the provisions of this Act. (7) The Admission Supervisory Committee may hear complaints with regard to admission in contravention of the provisions contained herein. If the Admission Supervisory Committee after enquiry finds that there has been any violation of the provisions for admission on the part of the unaided professional colleges or institutions, it shall make appropriate recommendation to the Government for imposing a fine up to rupees ten lakhs and the Government may on receipt of such recommendation, fix the fine and collect the same in the case of each such violation or any other course of action as it deems fit and the amount so fixed together with interest thereon shall be recovered as if it were an arrear of public revenue due on land. The Admission Supervisory Committee may also declare admission made in respect of any or all seats in a particular college or institution to be de-hors merit and therefore invalid and communicate the same to the concerned University. On the receipt of such communication, the University shall debar such candidates from appearing for any further examination and cancel the results of examinations already appeared for. (8) The Admission Supervisory Committee may if satisfied that any unaided professional college or institution has violated any of the provisions of this Act, recommended to the University or statutory body for withdrawal of the affiliation or recognition of such college or institution or any other course of action it deems fit. 5. Collection of capitation fee prohibited – (1) No capitation fee shall be collected by or on behalf of an unaided professional college or institution or by any person who is in charge of or is responsible for the management of such college or institution from or in relation to any candidate in consideration of his or her admission

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to or continuance in any course of study or his or her promotion to a higher class in such college or institution under the management. (2) Where the Admission Supervisory Committee on receipt of any complaint or is otherwise satisfied that the management of an unaided professional college or institution or any person who is in charge of it or is responsible for the management of such college or institution has violated the provision of sub-section (1), the Admission Supervisory Committee may after due enquiry recommended to the government for talking penal action against the management. (3) The Admission Supervisory Committee shall have the power to regulate its own procedure in all matters arising out of the discharge of its function, an shall, for the purpose of making any enquiry under this Act, have all the power of a civil court under the code of a civil procedure, 1908 (Central Act 5 of 1908) while trying a suit in respect of following matters, namely:- (a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any witness and examining him on oath; (b) requiring the discovery and production of any document; (c) receiving evidence on affidavit; and (d) issuing commission for the examination of witness and for local inspections and any proceedings before such committee shall be deemed to be a judicial proceedings with in the meaning of section 193 and 228 and for the purposes of section 196 of the Indian Penal Code (Central Act 45 of 1860). 6. Fee Regulatory Committee – (1) The government shall constitute a committee called the Fee Regulatory Committee for determination of the fee for admission to the unaided professional colleges or institutions consisting of the following members, namely:- (i) A retired judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court : Chairperson (ii) The Secretary to the government either in charge of Health and Family Welfare or Higher Education, as the case may be, depending on the course of study: Member Secretary (iii) A chartered account nominated by the government in consultation with the chairperson: Member (iv) A representative of either the Medical Council of India or the All India Council for Technological Education, as the case may be, depending on the course of study: Member (v) An educational expert nominated by the government in consultation with the chairperson: Member (2) The Fee Regulatory Committee shall adopt its own procedure for the conduct of its business. (3) The term and conditions of service of the chairperson and other members of the Fee Regulatory Committee shall be as may be prescribed. (4) The Fee Regulatory Committee shall have power to :- (a) require each unaided professional college or institution to be place before the committee the proposed fee structure of such college or institution with all relevant documents and books of account for scrutiny well in advance of the commencement of the academic year i.e., not later than 31st December of the previous academic year; (b) verify whether the fee proposed by each college or institution is justified and it does not amount to profiteering or charging of capitation fee; (c) approve the fee structure or determine some other fee which can be charged by the college or institution. (5) Thee fee determined by the committee shall be binding on the unaided professional college or institution for a period of three years. The fee so determined shall be applicable to a candidate who is admitted to a college or institution in that academic year and shall not be revised till the completion of his course in the said college or institution. No unaided professional college or institution shall collect a fee amounting to more than one year’s fee from a candidate in an academic year. Collection of more than one years fee in an academic year shall be constructed as collecting of capitation fee and shall be liable to be proceeded against. (6) No person who is associated to any unaided professional college or institution shall be eligible for being a member of the Fee Regulatory Committee. (7) A member of the Fee Regulatory Committee shall cease to be so if he perform any act, which in the opinion of the government, is unbecoming of a member of the committee: Provided that no such member shall be removed from the committee with out giving him an opportunity of being heard. (8) The Fee Regulatory Committee shall have the power to regulate its own procedure in all matters arising out of the discharge of its function, and shall, for the purpose of making any enquiry under this Act, have all the power of a civil court under the code of civil procedure, 1908 (Central Act 5 of 1908) while trying a suit in respect of the following matters, namely:-

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(a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any witness and examining him on oath; (b) requiring the discovery and production of any document; (c) receiving evidence on affidavit; and (d) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses and for local inspections and any proceedings before such committee shall be deemed to be a judicial proceeding within the meaning of section 193 and 225 and for the purpose of section 196 of Indian Penal Code (Central Act 45 of 1860). 7. Factors for determination of fee.- The Fee Regulatory Committee shall determine and fix the fee or fees to be charged by an unaided professional college or institution taking into consideration the factors, such as,- (a) The obligation on the part of all unaided professional colleges or institutions to provide freeship to a minimum of fifty per cent of the students admitted and the additional expenses, if any, required for the same over and above the excess funds generated from Non-Resident Indians, charity on the part of managements and contribution by the government for providing freeship for Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe students; (b) the nature of the professional course; (c) the available infrastructure; (d) the expenditure on administration and maintenance; (e) a reasonable surplus required for the growth and development of the college; (f) any other factor as the committee may deem fit. 8. Determining factors for according recognition and conferring status as unaided minority professional college or institution.- A minority unaided professional college or institution established and maintain by any linguistic or religious minority shall be accorded recognition and conferred status as an unaided minority professional college or institution only if it satisfy all the following condition of demographic equivalence between the minority community to which the college belongs and the non minority community of the state, taken as a single unit, namely;- (a) The population of the linguistic or religious minority community in the state which runs the professional college or institution shall be lesser than fifty per cent of total population of the state. (b) A number of professional colleges or institutions run by the linguistic or religious minority community in the state to which the college or institution belong shall be proportionate the lesser than the number of professional colleges or institutions run by the non-minority community in the state. (c) The number of students belonging to the linguistic or religious minority community to which the college or institution belongs undergoing professional education in all professional colleges or institutions the state shall be proportionately lesser than the number of students belonging to the non minority community undergoing professional education in all professional colleges or institutions in the state. 9. Fees not to be collected excessively.- (1) No unaided professional college or institution shall collect any fee by whatever name called from the candidate for admission over and above the fee determined by the Fee Regulatory Committee and the fee prescribed by the university concerned; Provided that the Fee Regulatory Committee shall fix the fee for NRI seats and the amounts of collected over and above the fee fixed for the other students in the college or institution in such seats shall be utilize for providing freehip to socially and economically backward students. (2) All unaided professional colleges or institutions shall provide the freeshp to the extent prescribed for a minimum fifty per cent of the students admitted. (3) any officer of the state or central government or any other public officer or authority who issues an income certificate which conceal the actual income of the person to whom the certificate is issued and any recipient of such certificate who by making use of the certificate claim any benefit with regard to freeship or scholarship shall be liable for penalty under section 15 of the Act. (4) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other provisions of this Act, the fixation and levy of fees at the rate fixed by the committee constituted before the date of coming into force of this Act shall be deemed to be validly fixed and collected. 10. Allotment of seats.- (1) In every professional college or institution other than a minority college,- (a) ten per cent of the total number of sanctioned seats shall be earmarked for SCs and STs; (b) twenty five per cent of the total number of sanctioned seats to the other socially and educationally backward classes; (c) three per cent of the total number of the sanctioned seats shall be earmarked for physically challenged persons; and

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(d) twelve per cent of the total number of the sanctioned seats shall be earmarked for the other sections of society not covered under items (a), (b) and (c) of these sub-sections on merit-cum-means basis: Provided that in an unaided professional college or institution the provisions in items (c) and (d) shall apply in accordance with the consensus based on mutual agreement arrived at between the unaided professional college or institution and the Government and following such principles and in such manner as may be prescribed: Provided further that the admissions contemplated in items (b), (c) and (d) above shall be in compliance with the rules as may be prescribed. (2) In an unaided professional college or institution belonging to both minority and no-minority, up to fifteen per cent of thee total number of sanctioned seats may be filled by candidates under the category of NRI seats. Seats not filled up under NRI seats shall be filled up from general merits seats. (3) In an unaided professional college belonging to both minority and non minority community, up to 15 % of the total sanctioned seats may be filled by candidates under the category of privileged seats in the manner as may be prescribed. Seats not filled up under privilege seats shall be filled up from general merit seats. (4) In an unaided non minority professional college 18% of the total number of sanctioned seats shall be filled up from general merit seats. (5) In an unaided non minority professional college 2% of the total number of sanctioned seats shall be filled up by students who have made outstanding contribution in the field of culture, sports on the basis of criteria as may be prescribed. Seats not so filled up shall be filled up from general merit seats (6) Where students of specified categories surrender the seats after selection, the same shall be filled by the candidates belonging to the same category from the merit list of the Common Entrance Test. (7) Where the seats specified for the SCs or STs and other Socially and Educationally Backward Classes are left unfilled due to non-availability of candidates from the same category, the seats shall be filled up by rotation from other categories within the specified seats as may be prescribed. Provided that any spillover thereafter arising shall be filled up from the general merit seats. (8) A minority unaided professional college or institution shall admit not less than fifty per cent of the students from within the state from the minority community to which the college or institution belongs. Fifty per cent of such seats may be filled up from among the socially and economically backward sections from within the minority community on merit-cum-means basis with the consent of the minority educational college or institution as prescribed and the rest in the order of merit in accordance with inter se merit, both from the rank list prepared by the Commissioner for Entrance examinations, based on the common application prescribed in the appropriate prospectus published by the State Government. (9) A minority unaided professional college or institution may surrender up to eighteen per cent of the seats to be filled up by the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations from the specified seats and general merit seats in equal portion. The first portion shall be filled up on the basis of merit-cum-means basis as prescribed. The second portion shall be filled up from the general merit seats. Any seats not surrendered shall also be treated as minority seats and filled up as such. (10) A minority unaided professional college or institution may surrender up to two per cent of the total number of sanctioned seats to be filled up by students who have made outstanding contribution in the field of culture or sports, on the basis of criteria as may be prescribed. Seats not so filled up shall be filled up from general merit seats.

11. Invalidation of admissions.- Any admission made in violation of the provisions of this Act or the rules made there under shall be invalid. 12. Higher Education Scholarship Fund.- (1) The government may by notification in the Gazette constitute a Fund called the Higher Education Scholarship Fund for providing scholarship to socially and economically backward students admitted in professional colleges or institutions on merit-cum-means basis. (2) The corpus of the fund shall be the contribution from the government, the amount of fine levied under this Act and the funds raised from any other sources including NRI. (3) The fund shall be administered by an Administrator appointed by the Government. The administration of the fund including the corpus shall be in such manner as may be prescribed. (4) The accounts of the fund shall be audited annually by the Accountant General. (5) The Administrator shall before such date, in such form and at such interval as may be prescribed submit a report to the Government and the Government shall cause a copy of such report to be laid before the Legislative Assembly.

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13. Protection of action taken in good faith.- No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against any member of the Admission Supervisory Committee or Fee regulatory Committee or any other officer of the Government for anything which is done in good faith or intended to be done in good faith under this act. 14. Power of the government to issue directions.- (1) The government may give such directions to any professional college or institution as in its opinion are necessary or expedient for carrying out the purposes of this Act or give effect to any of the provisions contain therein or in any rules or orders made there under and the management of the college or institutions shall comply with every such directions. (2) The government may also give such directions to the officers or authorities under its control which in its opinion are necessary or expedient for carrying the purposes of this Act. 15. Penalties.- (1) Whoever contravenes the provisions of this Act or the rules made there under shall, on condition be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than one year but which may extend to three years and with find which shall not be less than rupees fifty lakhs. (2) A penalty under this section may be imposed without prejudiced top the penalties specified in any other law for the time being in force. 16. Cognizance of offence.- No court shall take Cognizance of offence of any offence punishable under this Act except on a report in writing of the fact constituting such offence made by an officer authorized by the government in this behalf by notification published in the Gazette. 17. Power to remove difficulties.- (1) if any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this act, the Government may, by order, as occasion requires, but not later than two years from the date of commencement of this Act, do anything not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act which appears to them necessary for removing the difficulty. (2) Every order issued under sub-section (1) shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is issued, before the Legislative Assembly. 18. Special provisions for admissions and fixation of fee for the academic year 2006-07.- Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (4) of section 6, the Fee Regulatory Committee shall have the power to extend the date of submission of documents and books of accounts for scrutiny for the determination and fixation of fee for the year 2006-07 in such a way as to facilitate admissions in accordance with the provisions of this Act during the academic year 2006-07. The Fee Regulatory Committee shall be competent to fix the fee provisionally for the academic year 2006-07 subject to final adjustments later. 19. Power to make rules.- (1) The government may, by notification in the Gazette, make rules for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act. (2) Every rule made under this section shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before the Legislative Assembly, while it is in session for a total period of 154 days which may be comprised in one session or in two successive sessions and if before the expiry of the session in which it is so late or the session immediately following, the Legislative assembly makes any modification to the rule or besides that the rule should not be made, the rule shall there after have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be, so however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule. 20. Repeal.- The Kerala Self Financing Professional Colleges (Prohibition of Capitation Fees and Procedure for Admission and Fixation of Fees) Act, 2004 (17 of 2004) is here by repeal. Source: Government of Kerala, Legislative Secretariat, Thiruvananthapuram, 2006.

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APPENDIX-XIII HOLDING OF EDUCATION PORTFOLIO IN DIFFERENT MINISTRIES IN KERALA

Sl. No. Chief Minister Party Period Education

Minister Party

1

E.M.S. Namboothirippad

CPI 1957-60 Joseph Mundassery

Communist Independent

2 Pattom Thanupilla PSP 1960-62 PP Ummarkoya

Congress

3 R Sankar Congress 1962-64 PP.Umarkoya Congress 4 E.M.S.

Namboothirippad CPI M 1967-69 CH

Muhammad Koya

IUML

5 Achutha Menon CPI 1969-70 CH Muhammad Koya

IUML

6 Achutha Menon CPI 1970-77 CH Muhammad Koya

IUML

7 K Karunakaran Congress 1977-77 CH Muhammad Koya

IUML

8 A .K Antony Congress 1977-78 CH Muhammad Koya

IUML

9 P. K. Vasudevan Nair CPI 1978-79 CH Muhammad Koya

IUML

10 C. H Muhammad Koya IUML 1979-79 CH Muhammad Koya

IUML

11 E. K Nayanar CPI M 1980-81 Baby John RSP 12 K. Karunakaran Congress 1981-82 P.J Joseph Kerala

Congress 13 K .Karunakaran Congress 1982-87 T.M. Jacob Kerala

Congress 14 E.K Nayanar CPI M 1987-91 K.Chandrashek

haran Janatha

15 K. Karunakaran Congress 1991-95 E.T.Muhamad Basheer

IUML

16 A.K Antony Congress 1995-96 E.T.Muhamad Basheer

IUML

17 E.K Nayanar CPI M 1996-01 P.J. Joseph Kerala Congress

18 A.K Antony Congress 2001-04 Nalakathu Soopi

IUML

19 Oomman Chandy Congress 2004-06 E.T.Muhamad Basheer

IUML

20 V.S Achuthanandan CPI M 2006-2011 M.A. Baby CPI M 21 Oomman Chandy Congress 2011-Till date P.K.Abdu

Rabb IUML

Source: Compiled by the Researcher

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APPENDIX-XIV LISTS OF PROFESSIONAL COLLEGES IN KERALA

Medical Colleges I. Government Medical Colleges

1. Govt. Medical College, Kottayam. 2. Govt. Medical College, Kozhikkode. 3. Govt. Medical College, Trivandrum 4. Govt. Medical College, Thrissur. 5. T D Medical College, Alappuzha.

II. Government Sponsored Self Financing Colleges 1. Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram, Kannur. 2. Co-Operative Medical College, Kochi.

III. Private Self Financing Colleges 1. Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Kollam. 2. DR. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College, Trivandrum 3. Kannur Medical College, Kannur. 4. Karuna Medical College, Palakkad. 5. KMCT Medical College, Kozikkode. 6. Malabar Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kozhikkode. 7. MES Medical College, Malappuram. 8. Sree Gokulam Medical College & Research Foundation, Trivandrum. 9. Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Ernakulam. 10. SUT Medical College, Trivandrum 11. Travancore Medical College, Kollam. 12. Amritha Institute of Medical Science and Reseach, Ernakulam(Deemed University) 13. Pushpagri Institute of Medical Science and Research, Pathanamthitta. 14. Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur 15. Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research, Thrissur 16. Kolencherry Medical College, Ernakulam.

Dental Colleges I. Government Colleges

1. Govt. Dental College, Kottayam. 2. Govt. Dental College, Kozhikkode. 3. Govt. Dental College, Trivandrum

II. Government Sponsored Self Financing Colleges 1. Pariyaram Dental College, Pariyaram, Kannur.

III. Private Self Financing Colleges 1. AL-Azhar Dental College, Idukki. 2. Annoor Dental College, Ernakulam. 3. Azeezia College of Dental Science & Research, Kollam. 4. Century International Institute for Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Kasaragod. 5. Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, Malappuram. 6. Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Ernakulam. 7. Kannur Dental College, Kannur. 8. KMCT Dental College, Kozhikode. 9. Malabar Dental College, Malappuram. 10. Mar Baselious Dental College, Ernakulam. 11. MES Dental College, Malappuram. 12. Amritha Institute of Dental Science and Reseach, Ernakulam(Deemed University) 13. Noorul Islam College of Dental Science, Trivandrum 14. PMS College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Trivandrum. 15. PSM College of Dental Sciences, Thrissur. 16. Royal Dental College, Palakkad. 17. Sri. Sankara Dental College, Trivandrum. 18. ST. Gregorios Dental College, Ernrakulam. 19. Pushpagri Institute of Dental Science and Research, Pathanamthitta 20. Amala Institute of Dental Sciences, Thrissur 21. Jubilee Mission Dental college, Thrissur

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Ayurveda Colleges I. Government Colleges

1. Ayurveda College, Malappuram. 2. Ayurveda College, Thrissur. 3. Ayurveda College, Kannur. 4. Ayurveda College,Trivandrum. 5. Ayurveda College, Ernakulam

II. Private Self Financing Colleges 1. Ahalia Ayurveda Medical College, Palakad. 2. Amala Ayurvedic Hospital and Research Centre, Thrissur 3. KMCT Ayurveda College, Kozhikode. 4. Mannam Ayurveda Co-operative Medical College, Pathanamthita. 5. Nangelil Ayurveda Medical College, Ernakulam. 6. P N Panicker Sauhrida Ayurveda Medical College, Kanhangad. 7. Pankaja Kasthuri Ayurveda College, Trivandrum. 8. Parassinikadavu Ayurveda Medical College, Kannur. 9. PNNM Ayurveda Medical College, Palakkad. 10. Santhigiri Ayurveda Medical College, Palakkad. 11. Sreedhareeyam Ayurvedic Reserach & Development Institute, Ernakulam. 12. Sreenarayana Inst. of Ayurvedic Studies & Research, Kollam. 13. Vishnu Ayurveda College, Palakkad.

Engineering Colleges I. Government Colleges

1. College of Dairy Science and Technology, Thrissur. 2. College of Engineering Trivandrum. 3. Engineering College, Idukki. 4. Govt. College of Engineering, Kannur. 5. Govt. Engineering college Barton Hill, Trivandrum. 6. govt. Engineering college, Kozhikkode. 7. Govt. Engineering College, Palakkad. 8. Govt. Engineering College, Wayanad. 9. Govt. Engineering College, Thrissur. 10. Govt. Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Tech., Kottayam. 11. Kelappaji College of-Agriculture. Engg. and Technology, Malappuram. 12. M A College of Engineering, Ernakulam. 13. N S S College of Engineering, Palakkad. 14. T K M College of Engineering, Kollam ( TKM )

II. Government Sponsored Self Financing Colleges 1. Calicut University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kozhikode. 2. Co-Operative Institute of Technology, Kozhikode. 3. College of Engineering and Management, Alappuzha. 4. College of Engineering, Kollam. 5. College of Engineering, Pathanamthitta. 6. College of Engineering, Trivandrum 7. College of Engineering, Alappuzha. 8. College of Engineering, Alappuzha. 9. College of Engineering, Pathanamthitta. 10. College of Engineering, Kollam. 11. College of Engineering, Kottayam. 12. College of Engineering, Kollam. 13. College of Engineering, Munnar. 14. College of Engineering, Kollam. 15. College of Engineering, Kottayam. 16. College of Engineering, Kannur. 17. College of Engineering, Kasaragod. 18. LBS College of Engineering, Kasaragod. 19. LBS Institute of Tech. for Women, Trivandrum. 20. Model Engineering College, Ernakulam. 21. S C T College of Engineering, Trivandrum. 22. University College Of Engineering, Trivandrum.

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23. University College of Engineering, Idukki.

III. Private Self Financing Colleges 1. Adi Shankara Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ernakulam. 2. AL Azhar College of Engineering and Technology, Idukki. 3. AL-Ameen Engineering College, Palakkad. 4. Ammini College of Engineering, Palakkad. 5. Archana College of Engineering, Alappuzha. 6. AWH Engineering College, Kozhikkode. 7. Axis college of Engineering and Technology, Thrissur. 8. Baselios Mathews II College of Engineering., Kollam. 9. Caarmel Engineering College, Pathanamthitta. 10. Christ Knowledge City, Ernakulam. 11. College of Architecture, Trivandrum. 12. Devaki Amma's Guruvayurappan College of Architecture, Malappuram. 13. Federal Institute of science and Technology, Ernakulam. 14. Gurudeva Institute of Science and Technology, Kottayam. 15. Heera College of Engineering and Technology, Trivandrum. 16. Hindustan College of Engineering, Kollam. 17. Holy Crescent College of Architecture, Ernakulam. 18. Holy Kings College of Engineering and technology, Ernakulam. 19. I E S College of engineering, Thrissur. 20. Ilahia College of Engineering Technology, Ernakulam. 21. Indira Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ernakulam. 22. Jai Bharath College of Management and Engineering, Ernakulam. 23. Jawaharlal College of Engineering and Technology, Palakkad. 24. John Cox Memorial C S I Institute of Technology, Trivandrum. 25. K M E A engineering College, Ernakulam. 26. K R Gouri Amma College of Engineering for Women, Alappuzha. 27. KMCT College of Engineering for Women, Kozhikode. 28. KMCT College of Engineering, Manassery, Kozhikode. 29. M E A Engineering College, Perinthalmanna, 30. M E S College of Engineering, Malappuram. 31. M G College of Engineering, Trivandrum 32. Malabar College of Engineering and Technology, Thrissur. 33. Malabar Institute of Technology, Kannur. 34. Mangalam College of Engineering, Kottayam. 35. Mar Baselios Christian College of Engineering and Technology, Ernakulam. 36. Mar Baselios Institute of Technology and Science, Trivandrum. 37. Mary Matha College of Engineering and Technology, Trivandrum. 38. Matha College of Technology, Manakappadi, Ernakulam. 39. Matha College of Technology, North Paravur,, Ernakulam 40. MES Institute of Technology and Management, Kollam. 41. METS School of Engineering, Mala, Thrissur. 42. Mohandas College of Engineering and Technology, Trivandrum. 43. Mount Zion College of Engineering for Women, Alappuzha. 44. Mount Zion College of Engineering, Pathanamthitta. 45. Musaliar College of Engineering and Technology, Pathamanthitta. 46. Muslim Association College of Engineering, Trivandrum. 47. Nehru College of Engineering and Research Centre, Thrissur. 48. P.A. Aziz College of Engineering And Technology, Kollam. 49. Palakkad Institute of Science AND Technology, Palakkad. 50. Pankajakasturi college of Engineering And Technology, Trivandrum. 51. Prime College of Engineering for Women, Palakkad. 52. Rajadhani Institute of Engineering and Technology, Trivandrum. 53. Royal College of Engineering and Technology, Thrissur. 54. Sadguru Swami Nithyananda Insititute of Technology, Kasargodu. 55. Saintgits College of Engineering, Kottayam. 56. Sarabhai Institute of Science and Technology, Trivandrum. 57. SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, Ernakulam.

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58. Shahul Hameed Memorial Engineering College, Kollam 59. SNM Institute of Management and Technology, Ernakulam. 60. Sree Buddha College of Engineering for Women, Pathanamthitta . 61. Sree Buddha College of Engineering, Alappuzha. . 62. Sree Ernakulathappan College of Engineering and Management. Ernakulam. 63. Sree Narayana Guru College of Engineering and Technology, Kannur. 64. Sree Narayana Guru Institute of Science and Technology. Ernakulam. 65. Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering, Ernakulam. 66. Sreepathy Institute of Management and Technology. Palakkad. 67. Sri Vellappally Natesan College of Engineering. Alappuzha. 68. St. Thomas Colllege of Engineering and Technology. Alappuzha. 69. St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology, Trivandrum. 70. T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam. 71. Thejus Engineering College, Thrissur. 72. TOC H Institute of Science and Technology, Trivandrum. 73. Travancore Engineering College, Kollam. 74. Trinity College of Engineering, Trivandrum. 75. UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam. 76. Valia Koonambaikulathamma College of Engineering and Technology, Trivandrum. 77. Veda Vyasa Institute of Technology, Malappuram. 78. Vidya Academy of Science and Technology, Thrissur. 79. Younus College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam. 80. Younus College of Engineering for Women, Kollam.

Nursing Colleges I. Govt Colleges

1. Govt. College of Nursing, Alappuzha. 2. Govt. College of Nursing, Kozhikode. 3. Govt. Nursing College, Kottayam. 4. Govt. College of Nursing, Thrissur. 5. Govt. College of Nursing, Trivandrum

II. Government Controlled Self Financing Colleges 1. A.K. G.Memorial Co-operative College of Nursing, Kannur. 2. College of Nursing, ACME, Pariyaram, Kannur. 3. College of Nursing, Kerala Co-operative Hospital Federation Ltd., Kannur. 4. CMC College of Nursing Co-operative Medical College, Eranakulam. 5. Co-operative College of Nursing, Aruvikkara, Trivandrum. 6. College of Nursing, EMS Memorial Co-operative Hospital, Malappuram. 7. Indira Gandhi college of Nursing, Indira Gandhi Co-operative Hospital, Kochi. 8. JDT Islam College of Nursing, Vellimadukunnu, Calicut. 9. University College of Nursing, Kottayam. 10. University College of Nursing, Kottayam. 11. University College of Nursing, Eranakulam. 12. University College of Nursing, Regional Centre, Ernakulam. 13. University College of Nursing, Koothattukulam. 14. University College of Nursing, Pathanmthitta. 15. University College of Nursing, Pala, Kottayam. 16. University College of Nursing, Idukky. 17. SIMET College of Nursing, Ernakulam. 18. SIMET College of Nursing, Kasargode. 19. SIMET College of Nursing, Palakkad.

III. Private Self Financing Colleges 1. Almas College of Nursing, Malappuram. 2. Alshifa College of Nursing, Malappuram. 3. Amala College of Nursing, Thrissur 4. Ananthapuri College of Nursing, Trivandrum 5. Archana College of Nursing, Pandalam. 6. Aswini College of Nursing, Thrissur. 7. Azeezia College of Nursing, Kollam. 8. Baby Memorial College of Nursing, Kozhikode. 9. BCF College of Nursing, Kottayam.

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10. Century College of Nursing, Kasaragod. 11. Chithra College of Nursing,Pandalam. 12. College of Nursing, Elite Mission Hospital, Thrissur. 13. College of Nursing, Kannur Medical College, Kannur. 14. College of Nursing, Malik Deenar Charitable Hospital, Kasarago. 15. College of Nursing, MGM, Muthoot Medical Centre, Pathanamthitta. 16. Crescent College of Nursing, Crescent Hospital, Palakkad. 17. Crescent College of Nursing, Mottambram, Kannur. 18. Dhanalakshmi College of Nursing, Kannur. 19. DR. Somervell Memorial College of Nursing, Trivandrum 20. Josco College of Nursing, Alapuzha . 21. Jubili college of Nursing and Research Centre, Thrissur 22. K.V.M .College of Nursing Alapuzha. 23. Karuna College of Nursing, Palakkad. 24. KIMS College of Nursing Anayara, Trivandrum 25. KMCT College of Nursing, West Mampetta, Calicut. 26. Kolencherry College of Nursing and Research Centre, Ernakulam 27. Koyili College of Nursing, Koyili Hospital, Kannur. 28. Laxmi Megham College of Nursing, Kasargod. 29. Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church College of Nursing, Ernakulam. 30. Mar Baselius College of Nursing, Eranakulam. 31. Medical Trust College of Nursing, Ernakulam. 32. Mercy College of Nursing, Mercy Hospital, Kollam. 33. MES College of Nursing, Palachode, Malappuram. 34. MGM Muthoot College of Nursing, Pathanamthitta. 35. MIMS College of Nursing, Puthukode, Malappuram. 36. Mother College of Nursing, Thrissur. 37. Moulana College of Nursing, Malappuram. 38. National College of Nursing, Kozhikkode. 39. Nightingale College of Nursing, Trivandrum 40. NIMS College of Nursing, Trivandrum 41. P.V.S.College of Nursing, Kozhikkode. 42. Poyanil College of Nursing, Kozhenchery. 43. PRS College of nursing, Trivandrum 44. Pushpagiri College of Nursing, Pathanamthitta. 45. Red Cresent Collge of Nursing, Kozhikode. 46. Ruckmoni College of Nursing, Trivandrum 47. Santhi College of Nursing, Santhi Hospital, Kozhikode. 48. Saraswathi College of Nursing, Trivandrum 49. Seventh Day Adventist College of Nursing, Palakkad. 50. Sivagiri Sree Narayana Medical Mission College of Nursing, Trivandrum. 51. SP Fort College of Nursing, Trivandrum 52. Sree Gokulam College of Nursing, Trivandrum 53. Sree Sudheendra College of Nursing, Cochin. 54. St.Thomas College of Nursing, Alappuzha. 55. Theophilus College of Nursing, M.G.D.M.Hospital, Kottayam. 56. Travancore College of Nursing, Myalpore, Umayanallur, Kollam. 57. Upasana College of Nursing, Kollam. 58. V.N.S.S.College of Nursing S. N. Trusts Medical Mission, Kollam. 59. Vijaya College of Nursing, Kollam. 60. Vinayaka College of Nursing, Sulthan bathery, Wayanad. 61. Well Care College of Nursing, Ernakulam. 62. West Fort College of Nursing, Thrissur.

B.Ed. Colleges I. Government B.Ed. Colleges

1. Govt. College of Teacher Education, Thycaud, Trivandrum 2. Institute of Advanced Study in Education, Thrissur. 3. Govt. College of Teacher Education,Kozhikode . 4. Govt. College of Teacher Education, Thalassery.

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II. Govt. Aided Colleges 1. Mar Theophilus Training College, Trivandrum 2. Karmela Rani Training College, Kollam. 3. Sree Narayana Training College,Trivandrum 4. Mount Tabor Training College, Pathanapuram, Kollam. 5. NSP N S S Training College, Pathanamthitta. 6. Peet Memorial Training College, Alappuzha. 7. S N M Training College, Ernakulam. 8. STF St. Joseph Training College for Women, Ernakulam 9. Mount Carmel College of Teacher Education Kottayam. 10. N S S Training College, Changanacherry. 11. St. Joseph's Training College, Kottayam. 12. St. Thomas College of TeacherEducation, Pala. 13. Titus II Teachers College, Thiruvalla 14. Farook Training College, Feroke, Kozhikode. 15. N S S Training College, Palakkad . 16. P K M College of Education, Kannur. 17. Keyi Sahib Training College, Kannur

III. Self financing Colleges 1. Adi Sankara Training College, Ernakulam. 2. Al- Azhar Training College, Idukki. 3. Ansar Training College for Women, Trichur. 4. Arafa Institute for Teacher Education Trichur. 5. Avila College of Education, Cochin . 6. AWH College of Education, Kozhikode . 7. B N V College of Teacher Education, Trivandrum 8. Badhiriya B.Ed. Training College Kollam. 9. Bafakhy Yatheem Khana B.Ed Training College, P O, Malappuram. 10. Baselios Marthoma Mathews II Training College, Kollam. 11. Bharatheeya Vidhya Niketan College, Palakkad. 12. Bhavan's Ramakrishna Institute of Teacher Education, Kozhikod 13. Brahmananda Swamy Sivayogi B.Ed Training Colleg, Palakkad. 14. Buddha College of Teacher Education, , Alappuzha. 15. C K Raghavan Memorial College of Teacher Education, Wayanad. 16. Christ Nagar College of Education, Trivandrum 17. CICS College of Teacher Education, Kozhikode. 18. College of Teacher Education, Kollam. 19. Crescent B.Ed College, Kannur. 20. CSI College of Education, Trivandrum. 21. Darul Uloon Teacher Education, Malappuram. 22. Devaki Amma Memorial Teacher Education College, Malappuram. 23. Dr. Ambedkar College of Education, Kasaragod. 24. Dr. Palpu Memorial SNDP Yogam College of Education, Thrissur. 25. EMEA Training College, Malappuram. 26. Emmanuel College of B.Ed Training, Trivandrum 27. Euphrasia Training College for Women, Thrissur. 28. Ezhuthachan Training College, Palakkad. 29. Farook B.Ed College, Kottakkal, Malappuram. 30. Fathima Memorial Training College,Kollam. 31. Fathima Memorial Training College, Kollam 32. Guards College of Teacher Education, Palakkad. 33. H D P Y College of Education, Ernakulam. 34. H H Marthoma Mathews II Training College, Pathanamthitta. 35. H M Training College, Ernakulam. 36. Haneefa Kunju Memorial College of Education, Kollam. 37. Hill Valley College of Education for Women, Kochi. 38. Hindi Prachara Kendra College of Teacher Education, Thrissur. 39. Holy Crescent College of Education, Ernakulam. 40. Holy Family College of Education for Women, Palakkad. 41. I S S College of Teacher Education, Malappuram.

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42. Ideal Educational Society Training College, Thrissur. 43. Ideal Training College, Palakkad. 44. Indira Gandhi Training College, Ernakulam. 45. Iqbal Training College, IqbalNagar, Trivandrum 46. J P E Training College, Koorkenchery, Thrissur. 47. Jai Bharath Training College, Thrikkakkara, Cochin. 48. Jameela Beevi Memorial Centre for Teacher Education, Alappuzha. 49. Jamia Nadawiyya Training College, Malappuram. 50. Jamia Training College, Kollam. 51. Jaybees Training College of B.Ed, Kannur. 52. JST Jesus Training College, Thrissur. 53. John Paul Memorial College of Teacher Education, Idukki. 54. K E T College of Teacher Education, Kozhikode. 55. K M C T College of Teacher Education, Kozhikode. 56. K N M S Training College, Trivandrum 57. K P P M College of Teacher Education, Malappuram. 58. K T C T College of Teacher Education, Trivandrum 59. Kannur Salafi B.Ed. College, Kannur. 60. Kaviyattu College of Education, Trivandrum. 61. KPM B.Ed. Training College, Kollam. 62. Kunhathumma Memorial Collegeof Teacher Education Malappuram. 63. Kunjukrishna Nadar Memorial B.Ed College, Trivandrum. 64. Labour India College of Teacher Education, Kottayam. 65. M A E T Training College, Thriuvananthapuram. 66. M E S Kappungal Saydalavi HajiMemorial Training College, Palakkad. 67. MES M E S Training College,, Ernakulam. 68. M I Training College, Ponnani, Malappuram. 69. Mahatma College of Education, Kasaragod. 70. Majma'a Training College, Malappuram. 71. Malabar B.Ed Training College, Kannur. 72. Mangalam College of Education, Kottayam . 73. Manjappara Educational and Charitable Trust B.Ed College, Kollam. 74. Mannam Foundation Centre for Education Technology, Kollam. 75. Mannam Memorial TrainingCollege, Kollam. 76. Mar Baselios B.Ed College , Wayanad. 77. Mar Baselios Training College, Ernakulam. 78. Mar Osthatheos Training College, Perumpilavu, Thrissur. 79. Mar Severios Memorial Training College, Pathanamthitta. 80. Mar Thoma Teachers' Training College, Pathanamthitta. 81. Markaz Training College, Malappuram. 82. MCT Training College, Malappuram. 83. Meppayur Salafi College of Teacher Education, Kozhikode. 84. Mercy College of Teacher Education, Kannur 85. METCA Institute of Teacher Education, Trivandrum. 86. Millath College of Teacher Education, Kollam. 87. Mother Teresa Training College, Kozhikode. 88. Namboodiris College of Teacher Education, Trichur. 89. Moulana College of Teacher Education. 90. National College for Teacher Education, Ernakulam. 91. National Training College for Women. 92. Navajyothi College of Teacher Education for Women, Thrissur. 93. New B.Ed. College, Nellimoodu P O, Trivandrum 94. Nirmala Training College, Ernakulam. 95. Oriental College of Teacher Education, Kozhikode. 96. Patriarch Ignatius Zakha I Training College, Ernakulam. 97. Pattom Thanu Pillai Memmorial College of Education, Trivandrum. 98. Porukara College of Education, Alappuzha. 99. Providence College of Teacher Education for Women, Kozhikode. 100. Pushpageeth College of Teacher Education. 101. Rajeev Memorial College of Teacher Education, Kannur.

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102. RVT Ramavilasom Training College, Kollam. 103. S V G V Training College, Pathanamthitta. 104. S.N. Gurukripa B.Ed College, Trivandrum 105. S.N.D.P. Yogam Training College, Idukki. 106. Sabarigiri College of Education, Kollam. 107. Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial Training College, Ernakulam. 108. Salafiyya Training College, Palakkad. 109. Sankaramangalam Training College, Pathanamthitta. 110. Sneha College of Teacher Education, Palakkad 111. Sobha College of Teacher Education, Alappuzha. 112. Sree Narayana College of Education, Ernakulam. 113. Sree Narayana College of Teacher Education, Kozhikode. 114. Sree Narayana College of Teacher Education, Palakkad. 115. Sree Narayana Guru Memorial B.Ed College, Alappuzha. 116. Sree Narayana Training College, Ernakulam. 117. Sree Narayana Training College, Alappuzha. 118. Sree Swamy Vivekananda Centre of Teachers Education, Ottappalam. 119. Sree Vidyadhiraja Model College of Teacher Education, Kollam. 120. Sree Vivekananda Padana College of Teacher Education, Malappuram. 121. Sree Vivekananda Teacher Education Centre, Thrissur. 122. St. Gregorios Teachers' Training College, Wayanad. 123. St. Jacob's Training College, Trivandrum 124. St. John the Baptist's College of Education, Kottayam 125. St. John's B.Ed. Training College, Alappuzha. 126. St. Joseph's Training College, Thrissur. 127. St. Mary's Training College, Kottayam. 128. St. Mary's Women's College of Teacher Education, Pathanamthitta. 129. St. Peter's Training College, Ernakulam. 130. St. Thomas B.Ed Training College, Idukki. 131. St. Thomas Training College, Trivandrum 132. St. Xavirer's Training College for Women, Ernakulam. 133. Sullamusalam College of Teacher Education, Malappuram. 134. SUM College of Teacher Education, Kannur. 135. TIM Training College, Nadapuram, Kozhikode. 136. Valiyam Memorial College of Teacher Education, Kollam. 137. Victory College of Teacher Education, Trivandrum 138. Vikram Sarabhai B.Ed. College. Thrissur. 139. Zainab Memorial B.Ed.Centre, Kasaragod. 140. Auxilium College of Education, Ernakulam. 141. KMO College of Teacher Education, Kozhikode. 142. Mahajubilee Training College, Trissur. 143. Sree Vivekananda Teacher Education Centre, Thrissur.

Pharmacy Colleges I. Government Colleges 1. Govt. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Alappuzha. 2. Govt. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode. 3. Govt. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kottayam. 4. Govt. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Trivandrum. II. Government Controlled Self Financing Colleges 1. College of Pharmaceutical Medical science, Pariyaram, Kannur. 2. University College of Pharmacy, Kottayam. 3. University College of Pharmacy, Puthupally, Kottayam. III. Private Self Financing Colleges 1. Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, Malappuram. 2. Chemists College of Pharmaceutical Science & Research, Ernakulam. 3. Crescent College of Pharmaceutical Science, Madayipara, Kannur. 4. Devaki Amma Memorial College of Pharmacy, Malappuram. 5. The Dale View College of Pharmacy & Research Centre, Trivandrum. 6. Ezhuthachan College of Pharmaceutical Science, Trivandrum. 7. Grace College of Pharmacy, Kodunthirapully, Palakkad.

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8. JDT Islam College of Pharmacy, Jamiath Hill, Kozhikode. 9. Jamia Salafiya Pharmacy College, Pulikkal, Malappuram. 10. Pushpagiri College of Pharmacy, Pathanamthitta. 11. Amala College of Pharmacy, Thrissur 12. Jubilee Mission College of Pharmacy and Research, Thrissur 13. Kolencherry College of Pharmacy, Ernakulam. 14. Karuna College of Pharmacy, Palakkad. 15. K.T.N College of Pharmacy, Palakkad. 16. K.V.M college of Pharmacy, Cherthala, Alappuzha. 17. College of Pharmacy, kannur Medial College, kannur. 18. Mar Dioscorus College of Pharmacy, Trivandrum 19. Malik Deenar College of Pharmacy, Kasargod. 20. Nehru College of Pharmacy, Pampady, Thrissur. 21. National College of Pharmacy, Manassery, Kozhikode. 22. Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Pharmacy, Kasaragod. 23. Sree Krishana College of Pharmacy & Research Centre, Trivandrum.

. Source: Compiled by the Researcher.

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APPENDIX- XV LIST OF COLLEGES SELECTED FOR FIELD WORK

Engineering Colleges

1. AWH Engineering College, Kozhikkode. 2. METS School of Engineering, Thrissur. 3. Mohandas College of Engineering and Technology, Trivandrum. 4. T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam. 5. SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, Ernakulam. 6. Sree Buddha College of Engineering, Alappuzha.

Medical Colleges 1. Pushpagri Institute of Medical Science and Research, Pathanamthitta. 2. Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Trivandrum.

Dental Colleges 1. PMS College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Trivandrum. 2. Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Ernakulam.

Ayurveda Colleges 1. Pankaja Kasthuri Ayurveda College, Trivandrum. 2. Santhigiri Ayurveda Medical College, Palakkad.

Nursing Colleges 1. DR. Somervell Memorial College of Nursing, Trivandrum 2. West Fort College of Nursing, Thrissur. 3. Moulana College of Nursing, Malappuram.

Pharmacy Colleges 1. National College of Pharmacy, Manassery, Kozhikode.

B.Ed. Colleges 1. Sobha College of Teacher Education, Alappuzha. 2. Sree Vivekananda Teacher Education Centre, Thrissur. 3. Bafakhy Yatheem Khana B.Ed Training College, P O, Malappuram. 4. Mother Theresa College of Teacher, Kozhikode.

Source: The Survey, 2007-2008

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APPENDIX-XVI SELECTED LISTS OF PERSONS INTERVIEWED AND CONSULTED

1. Aju Umman, Principal, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Pathanamthitta 2. Aneesh, President, DYFI Vanchiyoor, Trivandrum. 3. Anirudhan, S., Member P.A. Muhammad Committee. 4. Aryadan Muhammad, MLA (2006-2011) and currently minister in UDF Government. 5. Asha Latha Thampuran, Principal, Mohandas College of Engineering and Technology,

Trivandrum. 6. Azeel, Faculty Member, Bafakhy Yatheem Khana B.Ed Training College, Malappuram. 7. Baby, M.A., Former Minister for Education, Government of Kerala. 8. Devasy, B.D. MLA , (2006-2011). 9. Ekbl, B., Public health activist and former Vice Chancellor, University of Kerala. 10. Firose, P.K. State President of the Muslim Students Federation. 11. G.P.C. Nair, National President, Kerala self financing Engineering College Managements’

Association. 12. Gireesh, Surgeon, General Hospital, Trivandrum. 13. Gopala Krishna Iyer, S. Principal, Adi Sankara Institute of Engineering and Technology,

Ernakulam. 14. Hareendran Nair, Chief Executive and Managing Director, Pankaja Kasthuri Herbals India,

Pvt. Ltd, Trivandrum. 15. Harsha, Assistant Principal, Mother Theresa College of Teacher, Kozhikode. 16. Jayakrishnan, Assistant Principal, National College of B-Ed, Ernakulam. 17. Jayakumar, Former Professor and Head, Department of Law, University of Kerala. 18. Justin Dikkotta, Placement Officer, Association for the Welfare of Handicapped (AWH)

College of Engineering, Kozhikode. 19. Koshy Philip, Professor and Principal, Government Dental College, Trivandrum. 20. Kunjiraman, Administrative Officer, Pariyaram Medical College, Kannur. 21. Kutty Ahammad Kutty MLA, (2006-2011). 22. Madhavan, Principal, SCMS School of Engineering and Technology (SSET), Ernakulam. 23. Mahesh Kakkath, AISF State Secretary. 24. Mathew, A.S., Vice Principal Pushpagiri Medical College, Pathanamthitta. 25. Mathew, Director, Mala Education Trust, (MET’S) School of Engineering, Thrissur. 26. Menon, R.V.G. Former President, Kerala Sastra Sahithya Parishath. 27. Mohana Chandran, Syndicate Member, University of Kerala. 28. Mohana Kumar, K. Special Private Secretary, Kerala Legislature, Trivandrum. 29. Narayanan, Administrative Officer, Mala Education Trust, (MET’S) School of Engineering,

Thrissur. 30. Rajendran, P. Syndicate Member, University of Kerala. 31. Rajesh, T.V. former SFI State Secretary. 32. Rajesh, V.V. State President, ABVP. 33. Ramachandran, G., Director, PMS College of Dental Science & Research, Trivandrum. 34. Raman Nair, Professor, School of Communication and Management Studies (SCMS),

Ernakulam. 35. Ratheesh, Chairman, Students Union, Mala Education Trust, (MET’S) School of Engineering,

Thrissur. 36. Rubeena, S.D. Samaritan College of Nursing, Ernakulam. 37. Sajan Prasad, Former Secretary, Kerala Private Medical College Managements’ Association. 38. Santhosh Azhakath, Director, Pushpagiri Medical College, Pathanamthitta. 39. Sheeba Rani, Principal, Sobha College of Teacher Education, Alappuzha. 40. Sheeba, Pharmacist, Near Pushpagiri Medical College, Pathanamthitta. 41. Sherly, Principal, West Fort College of Nursing, Thrissur. 42. Shoukath Ali Karuvatt, Principal, Association for the Welfare of Handicapped (AWH),

Kozhikode. 43. Sindhu Joy, former national and State President, SFI. 44. Somi Sebastian, Principal, Sri Budha College of Engineering, Alappuzha. 45. Sreeja, Medical Lab Technician, SUT Medical College, Trivandrum. 46. Thomas, K.T. Judge, Chairman, K. T. Thomas Commission. 47. Vaheed, M.A., MLA. 48. Vinod, Director, West Fort College of Nursing, Thrissur. 49. Vishnunath, P.C., MLA.

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APPENDIX-XVII

LATEST AGREEMENT BETWEEN UDF GOVERNMENT 2011 AND SELF- FINANCING SECTOR

GOVERNMENT OF KERALA

Abstract

Higher Education- Admission to Professional Degree courses in the Self-financing Engineering Colleges - allotment of sea for Entrance Examinations - Orders Issued.

ORDER As per clause 1.6 of Prospectus, "Allotment of seats from the State Rank Lists for all courses in Self -financing Colleges will be made in accordance with the orders of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India/Hon'ble High Court of Kerala or Government of Kerala/Government of India/ as per the law in existence at the time of centralized Allotment Process (CAP) and will be notified separately". 1. 50 seats in the member colleges will be filled up by the Commissioner for Entrance Examination from the list prepared by the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations in accordance with merit / merit cum means basis and reservation principles followed by Government from time to time. The remaining 50 seats will be filled up by the Managements of the member colleges. (35 of the total seats will be filled up by the managements and 15 of the total seats fiUed up by the managements from the Non Resident Indian category.) 2. The Commissioner for Entrance Examinations shall furnish the list of the students to be admitted in the college by the educational agency and the educational agency shall admit the students specified in the list, in any case not later than 5 p.m on 221"1 September 2011. The educational agency shall be entitled to fill those seats still remaining unfilled after 5.p.m on 22"d September 2011,These unfilled seats from Government side are reverted back to the educational agency and the educational agency fill up those seats by any of the method mentioned in clause 6. 3. The fee structure applicable to the scats under the categories mentioned below in the 75 numbers Private Self Financing Engineering Colleges who have entered into this Agreement for the year 2011-2012 admissions shall be as given below and this annual fees shall continue for all the four years of study for the student admitted in 2011-2012. Annual Fee Seats filled up by the CEE 50% Seats filled up by the Management

50% Tuition Fee 25% Lower

Income Group 25% 35% NRI- 15%

Special Fee Rs. 35,000/- Rs. 35,000/- Up to Rs. 99,000/- Up to Rs. 150,000/-

Interest Fee Refundable Deposit for 4 years

NIL Rs. 25,000/- Rs. 25,000/- Rs. 25,000/-

NIL NIL Rs. 15,0000/- Rs. 15,0000/- 4. 35 of the seats shall be filled up by the educational agency from the list published by the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations.) If the list of the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations is exhausted the Educational Agency may resort to the following methods in the Order given below. i. On the basis of the qualifying marks of eligibility examinations as fixed by the concerned universities ii. From the rank list published by the Association after conducting an examination from among the applications received by the Association The Association is permitted to conduct a Common Entrance Examination under the supervision of the Admission Supervisory Committee for the Professional Colleges for filling the scats remaining vacant after admitting the student ranked in the Entrance Examinations.

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5. The educational agency shall fill up 15 seats in the NRI Category by admitting qualified students who are dependents of Non Resident Indians as per the order of Hon'ble High Court of Kerala in W.P. No. 519 of 2011 dated 12.04.2011 and such students are exempted from qualifying in entrance test. 6. The Government shall allot 15 of the total seats from among the students belonging to the community / registered society / registered trust to which the educational agency belongs on the basis of merit from the 50 category of seats filled up by the Government. 7. The AICTE has sanctioned 5 of the total intake as supernumerary for admission under Tuition Fee Waiver Scheme, which is mandatory. The Educational Agency shall admit 5 of the total intake as supernumerary under Management quota. 8. This agreement is valid for the academic year 2011-2012 only and shall not prejudity affect the rights of the parties by virtue of the clauses herein, in respect of the cases pending before any Court of Law. 9. The parties to this agreement shall file this agreement for the approval of the Admission Supervisory Committee and Fee Regulatory Committee. 10. Breach of conditions may invite cancellation of NOC granted to the Institutions., Government in consideration of the agreement read above further clarify that all private self financing engineering colleges who are now part of the Kerala Self Financing Engineering College Managements' Association which entered into the above agreement with Government need not be required to enter into separate agreement for the year 2011-12 in respect of those course covered in the respective agreements entered into with them. Accordingly NOC granted to all private self financing engineering colleges that are now part of the Kerala Self Financing Engineering College Managements' Association need not be renewed this year as was applicable last year in the G.O read as first paper and shall be valid for the year 2011-12.

Source: Government of Kerala, Higher Education, G.O.(MS). No. 142/11/H. Edn., Trivandrum

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