apa (5 th ed.) style guide how to create reference list entries and how to cite them in a paper...
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APA (5th ed.) Style Guide
How to Create Reference List Entries and How to Cite Them in a Paper
Business Resources
Overview
• Purpose of a style guide– standardize– easier to identify the resources used– provides validation to the research
• Somewhat arbitrary– APA does not always “make sense” but …
Overview
• If there is a question about how to do either a citation or a reference, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the reference source.
• APA has a Web site that can also be useful http://www.apastyle.org/askexpert.html
Academic Search Premier
• Can you pick out the pieces?– Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title?
Volume [issue]? Pages?
ABI/Inform Global
• Can you pick out the pieces?– Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title? Volume [issue]? Pages?
• Can you pick out the pieces?– Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title? Volume [issue]? Pages?
Canadian Business and Current Affairs
• Can you pick out the pieces?– Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title? Volume [issue]? Pages?
The countdown continues Kevin Libin, Jason Kirby, Andy Holloway. Canadian Business. Toronto: Aug 5-Aug 18, 2003.Vol.76, Iss. 14/15; pg. 71
Structure of a reference:Online Periodical
• If you use a periodical database to get an online, full-text version of the article [HTML, PDF], you need to add some more information.
Retrieved month, day, year, from source.– when YOU retrieved it
Structure of a reference:Online Periodical
Leeds, R. (2003). Breach of trust.
Harvard International Review, 25, 76-
83. Retrieved January 9, 2004, from the
Academic Search Premier database.
Structure of a reference: Periodical [paper copy]
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C.
C. (Year). Title of article. Title of
periodical, xx, yyy-yyy.
• includes items published on a regular basis– journals, magazines, scholarly newsletters, etc.
• hanging paragraph format
Structure of a reference: Periodical [paper copy]
Leonard, D., & McAdam, R. (2003).
Corporate social responsibility. Quality
Progress, 36, 27-33.
Structure of a reference:Nonperiodical
Author, A. A. (year). Title of work.
Location: Publisher.
• items published separately– books, reports, brochures, manuals, and
audiovisual media
Structure of a reference:Nonperiodical
Sonnenberg, F. K. (1994). Managing with a
conscience. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Structure of a reference: Part of a Nonperiodical
• Special consideration– initials of editors go BEFORE surname– insert (Ed.) or (Eds.) after last editor followed
by comma– book title italicized with initial capital, capital
after colon, and capital for proper nouns [including abbreviations]
– page number of chapter
Structure of a reference:Part of a Nonperiodical
Tushman, M. L., Newman, W. H., &
Romanelli, E. (2002). Convergence and upheaval. In H. Mintzberg & J. B.
Quinn (Eds.), Readings in the strategy
process (pp. 394-400). Upper Saddle
River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Structure of a reference:Brochure
Courtplex Fitness Centre. (2004, Winter).
Group Fitness Schedule [Brochure].
Kelowna, BC: Author.
Structure of a reference:Brochure
Coldwell Banker Commercial - Horizon
Realty. (n.d.). Mill Creek Commerce
Park [Brochure]. Kelowna, BC: Author.
Structure of a reference:Videotape
Doubletalk Productions ( Producer), &
Shepard, K. (Director). (2001). Who
stole my cheese? [videotape], United
States: Doubletake Productions.
Structure of a reference:Online Document
Author, A. A. (year) Title of work.
Retrieved month, day, year from source.
• electronic sources include aggregated databases, Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups / newsletters
Structure of a reference:Online Document
MacDonald, C. (n.d.). Creating a code of
ethics for your organization. Retrieved
January 13, 2004, from http://www.
ethicsweb.ca/codes/
– Note that this source has no date [n.d.] and that it does NOT end with a period
Structure of a reference:Online Corporate Web Site
WestJet. (n.d.). Home page. Retrieved
February 8, 2004, from http://c0dsp.
westjet.com/internet/sky/index.jsp
Reference: Database ( Hoover’s)
• Caione,R. ( 2006) General Electric Company. Retrieved March 1, 2006, from Hoover’s Company records.
• In text: ( Caione, 2006)
Citing a source in the paper
1. One work by one author• Author’s name given in the body of your
paper:– Leeds (2003) reported…
• Author’s name not given in the body of your paper but rather in parentheses:
– In a study on the comparison process (Leeds, 2003)…
Citing a source in the paper
2. Citing a secondary source• In Smith’s 1998 study (as cited in Leonard
& McAdam, 2003)…• Research (Smith, 1998, as cited in Leonard
& McAdam, 2003) has shown …
– Do NOT include Smith (1998) in the reference list. DO include Leonard and McAdam (2003).
Citing a source in the paper
3. Direct quotations• For direct quotations, include the page
number of the quote
• Stereotypes have been defined as “generalized and usually value-laden impressions that one social group uses in characterizing members of another group” (Lindgren, 2001, p. 1617).
Citing a source in the paper
4. Electronic sources without page numbers• Use the paragraph number, preceded by the
paragraph symbol - ¶ - or the abbreviation para. If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading and the paragraph number following it.
• (Myers, 2000, ¶ 5)• (Butler, 2000, Conclusion, para. 1)
Citing a source in the paper
5. Personal communications (e.g., letters, phone calls, interviews, e-mail messages, memos, irretrievable documents)
• J. L. Lowther (personal communication, June 12, 2004)
• (J. L. Lowther, personal communication, June 12, 2004)
– Do NOT include personal communications in the reference list. Cite them in text only.
Structure of a reference and citation:Census Material
• Reference:
Statistics Canada. (2002). Survey of household
expenditure, 2002 (62F0026MIE). Ottawa,
Ontario: Author.
• Citation:
(Statistics Canada, 2002)
Structure of a reference and citation:Legislation
• Reference:
Competition Act, R.S.C. 1985 c.27 s.6
• Citation:
(Competition Act ), 1985
Structure of a reference and citation:Annual report
• Reference:
WestJet Airlines. (2002). Annual report to
shareholders, Calgary, AB: Author.
• Citation:
(WestJet Airlines, 2002)
Structure of a reference and citation:Online documents - Same author
Health Canada. (n.d.a). Physical activity in Canada. Retrieved January 31, 2004, from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hppb/ fitness/work/activity_e.html Health Canada. (n.d.b). Supporting material Retrieved January 31, 2004, from http:// www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hppb/fitness/work/ supp_material_e.html• Citation: Health Canada (n.d.a) reported that ...
• Citation:
(Health Canada, n.d.a
Conclusions
• Take close look at handout – pay particular attention to the last page
• reference list of a paper– hanging paragraph format– double space entire paper, including reference
list
Conclusions
• Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.)– available in the Reference Collection of Library
• Individual professors may have particular preferences– consult with them on how they might want the
references presented