ap lang test review: rhetorical devices
DESCRIPTION
AP LANG TEST REVIEW: RHETORICAL DEVICES. APPEALS. LOGOS (LOGICAL)-- ETHOS (ETHICAL)-- PATHOS (EMOTIONAL)— Aphorisms—general truths (not appeals, but they usually appeal to audiences). FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE You probably already know…. SIMILES AND METAPHORS - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
AP LANG TEST REVIEW:RHETORICAL DEVICES
APPEALS
LOGOS (LOGICAL)--
ETHOS (ETHICAL)--
PATHOS (EMOTIONAL)—
Aphorisms—general truths (not appeals, but they usually appeal to audiences)
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGEYou probably already know…
• SIMILES AND METAPHORS• PERSONIFICATION, ALLITERATION,
AND ONOMATOPOEIA• HYPERBOLE• APHORISM• RHETORICAL QUESTIONS• PARADOX• UNDERSTATEMENT
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGEWords that you may not know…
• Metonymy—
• Synecdoche—
• Bombast—
• Malapropism—
• Pun—
Tone
Author’s attitude or sentiments revealed by the writer’s style.
A writer’s tone ISN’T informative! Try to decide if it’s positive or negative….
THEN, choose a more precise word
Ex. Didactic, compassionate, sardonic, pedantic, etc.
**Look for tone shifts in passages!
DICTION
“WORD CHOICE”Don’t say, “The writer uses diction…”
Duh! Let’s say, “The diction in…proves…”or jump right to a rhetorical device.“The juxtaposition of ____ proves____”
Identifying diction:Formal? Informal? Slang? Colloquial? Jargon?
Precise? Metaphorical? Think—how do you define the words?
SYNTAX
“Sentence Structure”
Types, purposes, lengths,
Structure—normal word order? Inverted?
Punctuation—use of commas, exclamation marks, questions, semi-colons—for what effect?
Parts of Speech—notice a lot of adj? nouns? Verbs? WHY? To what effect?
Author’s Purpose
“to + verb”
To persuade…
To entertain…
To show…
To explain…
Be sure you can add to these infinitives!
Repetitiona.k.a. Transformers and Diseases
• Polysyndeton--
• Asyndeton—
• Anaphora—
• Anadiplosis—
• Epanalepsis—
• Epistrophe—
Parallel Structure• Parallelism--• Antithesis—• Juxtaposition—contrasting ideas, images• Chiasmus—Inversion of parallel ideas within a sentence.
Ex. “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.” JFK
• Zeugma—a controlling idea to describe 2 ideas but only applies to 1 logically
Ex. He carried the light for men and the responsibility of a nation.
Ex. “You held your breath and the door for me.” (Thanks Alannis!)
Comedic Devices"A eugooglizer. One who speaks at funerals. Or did you think I'd be to stupid to
know what a eugoogly was?"-Zoolander
• Pun
• Litote
• Sarcasm
• Malapropism
• Irony
• Satire
• Wit
Comedic Devices, take 2!
• Burlesque
• Hyperbole
• Mockery
• Parody
• Tautology
• Lampoon
FALLACIESJust the top 12…
• Ad hominem—
• Misleading Statistics—
• Ad populum—
• Red Herring-
• Ad Verecundiam—
• Begging the Question—
• Post Hoc
FALLACIES, again
• Scare Tactics
• Either/Or Fallacy
• Oversimplification
• Hasty Generalization
• Non Sequitur