ap euro timeline for renaissance and reformation

8/9/2019 AP Euro Timeline for Renaissance and Reformation

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Political/Diplomatic

Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453The Hundred Years’ War was a power

stru le !etween "rance and #n land$ Theseries o% wars lasted %or o&er a hundred'ears( and the appearance o% )oan the *rc

!e an the end o% this lon winded !attle$The Hundred Years’ War le%t !oth countriesde&astated with %armland destro'ed(economies ruined and casualties to !ecounted$

+osimo de’ ,edici’s ule1434-14.4

+osimo( continuin his %ather’s wor (esta!lished the ,edici %amil' as a power%ul !an in power and also the ruler o% theo&ernment !ehind the scenes$ With hiswealth( he ained power !' ensurin thelo'alt' o% the ei ht council mem!ers o%"lorence$ He ruled as a dictator %or thirt''ears( and he sponsored art and architecturesuch as 0l Duomo and Da&id$

War o% the oses

1455-14 5*%ter the Hundred’s Year War( peace wasstill not %ound in #n land$ * ci&il war

!etween the House o% Yor 2the white roseand the House o% ancaster 2the red rose

pla'ed out %or an additional thirt' 'ears$#&entuall'( Henr' Tudor( a ancasteriansei ed #n land and married a mem!er o% theYor %amil'( endin the ci&il war !etweenthe two %amilies !' unitin them as one$Henr' Tudor !ecame Henr' 600 and startedthe Tudor line which would create power%uland in%luential in s and ueens such asHenr' 6000( 8lood' ,ar' and 9ueen#li a!eth$

"erdinand and 0sa!ella’s marria e14.:8' "erdinand 6 o% *ra on and 0sa!ella o%+astille’s marria e( much o% the 0!erianPeninsula was united into ;pain$ The rise o%

these two new monarchs would push ;painto crac down on the )ews throu h ;panish0n uisition and also to utili e local militias(the hermandades( to !rin peace$ The' alsoappro&ed +olum!us’s &o'a e to the*merica’s in 14:in Henr' 6000 petitioned Pope+lement 600 %or an annulment o% hisweddin o% twent' 'ears( which he thou htwas od%orsa en since it was his !rother’swidow and she could not produce a son$

Howe&er( +harles 6 occupation in ome aswell as his relation to +atherine( Henr'6000’s wi%e( made it impossi!le %or Pope+lement 600 to rant the annulment( andwould lead to Henr' 6000’s !rea %rom the+atholic +hurch$


2/9

Peace o% +appel21531?lrich @win li was a contemporar' o%,artin uther$ *lso championin the causeo% Protestantism( he howe&er had some

di%%erences with utheranism$ Ane o% themwas his disa reement that church and stateshould !e separate$ He set out to %orm atheocrac' %rom 15


3/9

0ntellectual/*rtistic/+ultural

Da&id144F* !eauti%ul statue done !' Donatello( this

!ron e cast %i ure was commissioned !'+osimo de ,edici himsel%$ This wor o% artwas round!rea in ( !ecomin the %irst %reestandin statue in 0tal' since the %all o%ome$ The statue is a !old statement !' the,edici %amil'( an almost contro&ersialstatement o% their in%luence and power$ Thestatue also em!odies enaissance ideals o%art( such as contrapposto and realism$

Aration on the Di nit' o% ,an

14 .Written !' Pico della ,irandola( this wor proclaimed one o% the core !elie%s o%humanism$ Humanism was a school o%education rooted in the !elie% that man’saccomplishments should !e contemplatedand appreciated$ ,irandola’s wor declaresthat man is capa!le o% ama in thin s(decidin his own destin' in the world the'wal in$

The 8oo o% the +it' o% the adies14F5The +it' o% adies re%ers to a literal cit' o%ladies$ +hristine de Pisan writes this wor asa dialo ue de%endin the accomplishmentsand wisdom o% women$ ;he deals withspiritual aspects( such as the %all %rom #denas well as the 6ir in ,ar'( and intellectualand historical aspects as well$ The cit' o%ladies she spea s o% is where women could%ind their true potentialG in a place wherethe' could !e %ree %rom the oppression o%men$

Euten!er 8i!le1455The Euten!er 8i!le was the &er' %irst !oo

printed$ )ohannes Euten!er had in&entedthe %irst metal mo&a!le-t'pe press onl' a

%ew 'ears a o( and this %irst !oo he printed(which spread uic l' throu h #urope(demonstrates the power o% his in&ention touic l' spread ideas throu hout thecontinent$

The Prince1513

Biccolo ,achia&elli wrote this !oo as acall %or 0talian nationalism$ Dedicated tooren o the ,a ni%icent( ,achia&elli was

pushin the people o% 0tal' to unite and %i hto% the %orei n in&aders$ *t the same time(this !oo contains a new ta e on politics( inwhich morals do not matter and the endsma e the means$ This !oo will em!od' the

principles and moti&es the new monarchswill ta e$

omeo and )uliet is written15:1omeo and )uliet( one o% ;ha espeare’smost %amous pla's alon side Hamlet( iswritten this 'ear$ ;ha espeare is acclaimedas the reatest writer in #n lish( poeticall'writin sonnets and pla's$ His wor s alsocarr' deep messa es( as some o% hischaracters are pla'ed !' *%ricans( re&ealina messa e a ainst sla&er'$

0n Praise o% "oll'15F:Written !' Desiderius #rasmus( this !oowould plant the seeds o% the e%ormation$ 0nthis !oo ( #rasmus satiri es societ' and thechurch( pointin out its man' a!uses with acritical e'e$ This !oo will end up !ein

!anned !' the +ouncil o% Trent( howe&er itsori inal intent( !' its de&out writer( was onl'to inspire re%orm$


4/9

#ssa's15 FWritten !' ,ichel de ,ontai ne( thesewritin s i&e an insi ht to the human mind$,ontai ne was part o% a eneration that

would re ect the !elie%s o% their %athers(which is em!odied in his writin s$ This wa'o% thin in ( s epticism( !rou ht e&er'thininto dou!t( lea&in 'ou wonderin whetherthe a!solute truths were actuall' true$

The +ourtier 15<This was the hand!oo on how to !e theenaissance man$ ; illed in e&er' aspect(this !oo details the ideal man o% the a e$


5/9

eli ious

;panish 0n uisition147e&i&ed !' "erdinand and 0sa!ella( this

would cause ;pain to decline as a world power$ With the loss o% the )ews( ;pain alsosu%%ered a loss o% intellect and wealth$ *t thesame time( countless o% li&es were sa&ed( as)ews were triedI in %ront o% the 0n uisition(where the' could simpl' con%ess( rather than

!ein mindlessl' slau htered !' less thanunderstandin +atholic nei h!ors$

)an Hus !urned141

)an Hus was one o% the re%orm leaders !e%ore the e%ormation$ His %ailure tocorrect the a!uses in the +hurch would leadto more radical leaders such as ,artinuther and ?lrich @win li$ His !urnin atthe sta e would cause re!ellions whichwould ta e 'ears to put down$

8a!'lonian +apti&it'13F:-137.When the sic l' pope was enticed to residein *&i non rather than ome( the8a!'lonian +apti&it' !e an$ "or 'ears( the

popes would sta' in "rance( ne&er seeinome( as the' li&ed a materialistic li%edi&orced %rom spiritualit'$ This would leadinto the e%ormation as the people !e an touestion the pope and the +hurch$

The Ereat ;chism137 -141:When the mo!s in ome %orced thecardinals to pic the new pope( some peoplecried in indi nation$ *nd so a new pope wasselected$ *nd another$ Three popes wereelected who in turn would e=communicatethe other two$ This would lead into thee%ormation as the people !e an to uestionthe pope and the +hurch$

)ohann Tet el authori ed to sell indul ences1517This would directl' lead into thee%ormation as it was the catal'st thatwould start ,artin uther’s indi nant :5

Theses$ 0n order to pa' %or ;t$ Peter’s8asilica( Tet el was appro&ed to sellindul ences( !ut the a ressi&e manner inwhich he sold them dis usted uther$ Thiswould !e one o% the a!uses that utherwould point out in his !elie%s$

:5 Theses1517e end sa's it was nailed to the church door o% Witten!ur $ The :5 Theses was uther’s

complaint on the a!uses o% the +hurch andwould start the !e innin o% a new !ranch o% +hristianit'G Protestantism$

)esuits created154F;piritual soldiers lead !' 0 natius o'ola(these %ollowers spread +hristianit' andeducation throu hout the world as the' triedto compete with the heretical Protestantism$The' were a hu e success in the +atholice%ormation$

0nstitutes o% the +hristian eli ion153.This was the +al&inist doctrine that )ohn+al&in wrote up$ +al&inism was an o%%shooto% Protestantism( and it would !e a ma or

pla'er in reli ion as it set out to %ind a%oothold not occupied !' utheranism and+atholicism$ *t the same time( it caused areat deal o% !loodshed( such as in ;t$8artholomew’s Da' ,assacre$


6/9

*ct o% ;upremac'1534The Parliament %ormed !' Henr' 6000 a&ethe in o% #n land sole authorit' o&er thechurch$ 0n a desperate attempt to %ind a male

heir( Henr' 6000 had no choice !ut to !reaawa' %rom the +atholic +hurch$ The *ct o%;upremac' was passed !' the ParliamentHenr' 6000 %ormed$

Pl'mouth1.


7/9

;ocial

8lac Death appears1347+arried !' traders( the 8lac Death is a

horri!le pla ue that would ill a third o%#urope’s population$ This would ad&ersel'a%%ect the econom'J howe&er it would !e into stren then the monarchs while wea eninthe +hurch$

Eerman Peasant e&olts15


8/9

#conomic

Portu al’s %irst car o o% sla&es1444The Portu uese were one o% the man'

nations tr'in to !rea into the trade withthe #ast$ *s the' sailed around the +ape o%Eood Hope( the' also captured *%ricansla&es on their tra&els$ The %irst car o o%*%rican sla&es returns to Portu al this 'ear(and the monarchs are deli hted andencoura e more car os to come$

+olum!us reaches *merica14:<;pain ma es a %oothold in the Bew World

with the disco&er' o% *merica$ ,uchwealth( %rom old and sil&er( comes pourin !ac to ;pain a%ter this disco&er'$ *t thesame time( thou h not necessaril' related to#uropean histor'( the colonies in ;pain

!e in to ta e a li%e o% their own as the 'ears pass$

;panish +harles 0 authori ed traders to !rinsla&es to colonies151+harles 0 i&es special permission to certaintraders to !rin the sla&es !ac to thecolonies$ This is the introduction totransatlantic sla&e trade( which will result inmillions o% *%ricans %orci!l' mi ratin tothe Bew World$

+ortes lands in the Eul% o% ,e=ico*pril


9/9

8i!lio raph'

,c>a'( )ohn P$( Hill( 8ennett D$( K 8uc ler( )ohn( LLL A History of Western Society, AP Edition,

10th Ed $(LLL 8ostonG Hou hton ,i%%lin(

ap euro timeline for renaissance and reformation

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