ap euro nations into states
TRANSCRIPT
AP European HistoryNation or Monarchs
What is a Nation?
1. People with shared ethnic identity, with geographical ties to a specific location. – ethnic is from the Greek word “ethnos” for clan. Ethnicity is non hereditary characteristics
• Religion• Language • Food• Dress• Art…..
So where are the nations?Europe 1400
Here they are…..sort ofEurope 2000
So where were the nations in 1400?
• Who were the Papal States?• The Ottomans – did they call themselves that• What about the Italians – I can see the boot. So where are the
Italians???• My goodness. No Germans, Greeks, • Greeks, for goodness sake, no Greeks???• Shuirley shome mishtake.
Reality….• They were always there…• However, so was their king/prince/bishop/psychotic hard-case
who was given the land by a king or violently deposed the last one. (delete where appropriate)
• Countries more often titled by dynasty that ruled them, rather then the people they ruled over. E.G. Ottomans ruling over Turks (and lots of others)
• Gradually, groups of people, with ethnic commonalities and historical ties to geographic spaces become nations
• This is ongoing, and has caused MILLIONS of deaths.
1500• By 1500 three “nation” states have emerged from the chaos
and change that occurred after the fall of Rome (476 C.E.). • Still most of Europe was heavily fragmented. • Modern historical review states this as one of the long-term
advantages of western Eurasia over East Asia….
Scotland• One of the first nation
states to emerge. Small, isolated, but interesting.
• Borders matched ethnicity for a longtime
• Language – Gaelic or Scotts English
• Union of crowns 1603• Union (into UK of GB) 1707• starts as a nation state,
ends up part of a larger multi-nation state
England• Not so tidy on the
borders – overlaps into distinctly different nations like Wales, Ireland and a bit of France• Germanic/French
hybrid• Path to nationhood was
tricky….but helped by the geographic isolation
England• Nobles ran the
show….from magna carta in 1215• Wars of Roses Lancaster
Vs. York• Ultimate Tudor victory• Adroit Henry VII – ran
things really well (shame about his son and heir) • Star Chamber • Centralized
France • A cohesive shape in the
west side of Europe. Some scattered, non-ethnically French places elsewhere.
• Enlarged and secured through war, marriage, and treaty.
• Nobles bought under control
• Army established – one of the first standing armies under a head of state
France cont….
• Taxes – The Gabelle (Salt which is a regressive tax that is harder on the poor)
• Francis I & Concordat of Bologna: Choose your own bishop…….a great example of symbiosis between church and state.
• France becomes a powerhouse of Europe by the 1500s with a very well controlled, centralized leadership
Spain
Spain cont…• Unified by Marriage : Isabelle of Castile & Ferdinand of
Aragon• System of regional autonomy remained (Cortes). Foreign
policy though was united• Spain remains Federal to this day! • Curbed aristocratic power• Gaines the right to appoint bishops at home and in colonies• 1492 (hmm) makes the Reconquista• Inquisition – mainly anti-Semetic