AP EURO - IntroductionMs. Callejas

1. Northern Europe 2. Western Europe 3. Eastern Europe 3,800 square miles

1. “Classical Period” - Ancient Greece/Rome

2. “Middle Ages/Medieval Period”- (Early : 476-1000, High : 1000-1300, Late : 1300- 1450)

3. “Early Modern Period” – 1450 to mid 1700’s

4. “Modern Period”- Mid 1700’s to Present

Inquiry: A close examination of something in order to search for information or truth.

Historical Sources: Are used as EVIDENCE by Historians.

1. Primary Source:

A document/Artifact that originates from the past.

Ex: letter, diary, drawing, Painting, clothing, document, map, photograph…

2. Secondary Source:

A document/Artifact that has been written (or made ) recently about the past.

Ex: textbook, scholarly article, biography, current book.

13th century = 1200’s 14th century= 1300’s 15th century = 1400’s 16th century = 1500’s 17th century = 1600’s 18th century = 1700’s 19th century = 1800’s 20th century – 1900’s 21st century = 2000’s

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Chapter 9

1. Improvement in climate

2. New Agricultural Methods : wheeled plow

3. Growth in Population

4. Growth in Trade 5. Growth of Cities

1st European University:

* Bologna, ItalyEst. 11th century !

*University of Paris, 1200

*University of Oxford (England), 1208

1. Trivium : Grammar, rhetoric, logic

2. Quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy & music

Degrees awarded after

4-6 years of study Artium Baccalaureus

(Bachelor of Arts) Artium Magister

(Master of Arts) Doctor’s Degree-Law,

Medicine, Theology. Required 10 additional years of study!

Lectures in Latin

Instructional Method:

An attempt to reconcile faith (Theology) and reason (Greek Philosophy of Aristotle)

St. Thomas Aquinas

Social, Political, & Ecclesiastical Breakdown

Brutal , Longer Winters 1303, 1306-1307

Excessive Rain & Floods 1314

3 Years of Crop Failures 1315- 1317

End result : The Great Famine

The Plague Culprits: Rats &

Fleas carried bacterium

Yesrinia Pestis Symptoms: high

fever, aching joints, swelling of lymph nodes, dark blotches

Entered through Constantinople (Turkey) 1346

Spread rapidly Followed Trade

routes The dance

maccabre

European population declined between 25% to 50%

Between 1347-1351 How did this

inexplicable event affect the mentality of people?

Doctor’s Robe

New attitudes towards Life & Death emerged

Altered ideas towards religion

2 Perspectives: 1.New Pietism

Emerged 2. Loss of Respect

for the Church

The Flagellants (Germany)

Saw Black Death as punishment from God

Flogged themselves to win forgiveness of God

Catholic Church alarmed

Jews accused of Causing Plague

By “poisoning wells”

Jews Persecuted In Germany 60

Jewish Communities persecuted by 1351

Wrote The Decameron

Premise of Novel : Nobles “hide” in country home to escape plague

And Tell stories to pass time

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ

A Series of wars between England and France

What were the causes of the Hundred Year’s War?

* French King Charles IV died without a male heir

English King Edward III

Claimed French Throne as his

Why? His Grandfather was a French King!

French Barons were insulted and

Chose Phillip VI of Valois as King

(1st cousin of the dead French King Charles IV)

French land controlled by English King!

Flanders wanted independence from France

Asked England for help…

And acknowledged English King Edward III as King of France 1340 !!!

France not a unified country before war began

French King controlled only ½ the country

                                      

A Series of short raids

Few Major battles Marked by Times

of truce & Ineffective treaties

Much larger population

Army of 50,000 men vs. British army of 32,000

Weapons & Technology:

The Long Bow ( six arrows per minute!)

Successful strategies:

1. Capture the enemy knights & hold them for ransom !

2. Raids: steal & destroy

English won greatest victory

Used Cannons & Longbows

They Captured the greatest ransom…of all

John II “the Good” claimed throne in 1350

was Captured by the English!

France now “ruled” by Estates General

Representative Council of Townspeople & nobles

France agreed to pay ransom- 3 million gold crowns for King John II’s Release

King Edward of England renounced claim to French throne, but kept territories

Re-started the war

invaded a weakened France

With help from Dukes of Normandy,

Gained control of Normandy, Paris, & Northern France

Legitimate French heir disinherited !

King Henry V of England proclaimed successor to French Throne !

Henry V and Real French Heir Charles VI died 1422

But Charles VI had a SON…

Son of Charles VI Rightful French

heir to the throne Was desperate to

win/end war

Presented herself to King Charles VII in 1429

The King of Heaven called her to deliver the besieged Orleans from the English.

Became an inspiration to all

Unified hopes of the French

Brought sense of national identity & self confidence

Led French army to victory at Orleans , 1429

Fell into English hands

Her “unnatural dress” & claim to divine guidance was used against her

Suffered 10 weeks of interrogation

Condemned & burned as a heretic

She was 19 1456 declared

innocent 1920 declared

Roman Catholic Saint

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQydMhY9OpI

1. France gained national identity and a “National” hero, Joan of Arc

2. France became unified “nation” 3. England lost territories in France by

1450 4. War ended 1453