AP Environmental ScienceMath

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Susan RamseySpring 2011

Webinars 2011

Types of Calculations

• Percent Change• Rate• Conversions• Half-life• Laws/ RulesNO CALCULATORS ON THE EXAM

Math Skills

• Order of magnitude• Scientific notation• Scale• Metric Language• Long Division• Estimating• Converting to fractions & decimals

Order of Magnitude

Order of Magnitude

milli (m) 10-3

Kilo (k) 103 1,000 (thousand)Mega (M) 106 1,000,000 (million)Giga (G) 109 1,000,000,000 (billion)Tera (T) 1012 1,000,000,000,000 (trillion)

Ratio/Relationship-usually base 10 in APES

Finding a Relationship

1% of 100 (102) is 1 (100)

1% of 1000 (103) is 10 (101)

1% of 1,000,000 (106) is 10,000 (104)

1% of 1,000,000,000 (109) is 10,000,000 (107)

Calculations

The current global human population is about 6.1 billion and is growing at an annual rate of 1.35 %. If the world population were to grow at this rate for the next year, approximately how many people would be added?

A. 8 x105

B. 8 x106

C. 8 x107

D. 8 x108

E. 8 x109

Scientific Notation

Adding & Subtracting (your indices must be the same)

Solve: 2.0 x 103 + 1.4 x 104 =

Options: 1.2.0 x 103 + 14 x 103 = 16 x 103= 1.6 x 104

Or2. .20 x 104 + 1.4 x 104 = 1.6 x 104

Multiplying :multiply the numbers and add exponents of the power of 10

Dividing; Divide the numbers and subtract the exponents of the power of 10

Scientific Notation

Multiplying :multiply the numbers and add exponents of the power of 10

The formula for power is volts times currentP= V x I V=voltage (volts) I=current (amps)

Using a multi-meter, you measure the voltage of a solar cell to be 1.5 millivolts and the current to be 0.6 milliamps. What is the power of this solar cell?

Scientific Notation Practice

Practice

Using a multi-meter, you measure the voltage of a solar cell to be 1.5 millivolts and the current to be 0.6 milliamps. What is the power of this solar cell?

It’s the Law

Energy is NEVER created or destroyed

ONLY TRANSFORMED

The Law of Conservation of Energy

ENERGY IN = ENERGY OUTENERGY IN = ENERGY OUT

Energy Quality ≠ Energy QualityBefore Transformation After

Transformation

The 10% Rule

Calculations

If an incandescent light bulb used in a house lamp has an efficiency rating of 5%, then for every 1.00 joule of electrical energy consumed by the bulb, which of the following is produced?

a) 1.05 joules of energyb) 1.05 joules of heat energyc) 0.95 joules of light energyd) 0.05 joules of light energye) 0.05 joules of heat energy

Calculations

After 200 million years, only 1/16 of the original amount of a particular radioactive waste will remain. The half-life of this radioactive waste is how many million years?

Burning of Gasoline (Octane)

C8H18 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Burning of Natural Gas (Methane)

CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Burning fossil fuels

Calculations

Biomass provides the nation with 3.28 quads of energy. How many quads of biomass energy are provided by wood and wood waste?

Energy UnitsEnergy Units

1. Btu (British thermal unit) –2. cal (calorie) or kilocalorie

(kcal) 3. J (joule) 4. W (watt)5. Hp (horsepower)6. Q (Quad)

www.lander.edu/rlayland/Chem%20103/chap_12.ppt

CalculationsWhen Uranium atoms split, they give off heat. This heat produces high pressure steam that is used to turn a turbine in a nuclear power plant.

Each year, the nations 100 nuclear power plants generate 796 bkWh of electricity-roughly 20% of the total US electricity production. How much electricity does the average US nuclear power plant generate each month?