8/14/2019 AP Colonial - Constitution Review

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AP Colonial / Constitution Review

What did the Proclamation of 1763 state & where wasthe border line of it?Forbid settlers to move beyond the Appalachian Mts(borderline) to avoid conflicts with natives.

Why were the settlers angry about the Proclamation?West = more land.

Lands the French lost to French and Indian War:West Indies land, Canada, and Mississippi (but not NewOrleans) to Britain, due to Peace of Paris 1763.

What did the Declaratory Act say?Parliament had right to pass laws for colonists.

How were the colonists represented in the ContinentalCongress?Equal representation

Battle of Saratoga 1777 & how was it a turning point?British surrendered, allowed France to openly support thecolonists

Battle of Yorktown 1781 American surrounded inland,while the French stopped British supply fleets at shore, Britishin the middle surrendered unconditionally; the last major

battles of Revolution

Where/when were the first shots of the war?Lexington & Concord, April 1775

What fraction of the colonists were loyalists?1/3

What did Common Sense do?Argued for independence from British

Virginia Plan:Bicameral legislatures, representatives based on population, 3branches, strong executive

The 5 states that made up the Northwest territoryWisconsin, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois

Give 2 responses to the Stamp ActStamp Act Congress, Non-importation Agreement

What was virtual representation?Colonists were virtually represented in the Parliament eventhough they were not there.

What did the non-importation agreement do?To hurt British economy by not importing any British goods.

What action led to the Intolerable Acts?Boston Tea Party

List all 5 of the Intolerable Acts:

1. Boston Port Act closed Boston Port2. Massachusetts Government Act increased power of

the crown, democratic colonists only meet once ayear, took away colonists ability to appoint its ownmembers

3. Administration of Justice Act allowed Britain to tryofficers who are charged with capital crimes

4. Quarter Act forced colonists to house Britishsoldiers during peace time

5. Quebec Act enlarged Province of Quebecboundaries, favored French Catholics

Which English philosopher influenced the Constitution?John Locke

Military advantages:Colonists home field, guerilla tactics, support from FranceBritish formation, drills and harsh disciplines, organized

Military disadvantages:Colonists unorganized, no military deferenceBritish unfamiliar territory, limited supplies

Sons/Daughters of Liberty led by organized elites tocontrol mobs and riots against the British; response to Stampand Tea Act

Olive Branch Petition last conciliatory appeal to the king,failed and rejected, started war

1st Continental Congress - passed Suffolk Resolves triedto fix relationship with the crown2nd Continental Congress Declaration of Independence,American Revolutionary War

Treaty of Paris 1783 9/3/1863, ended AmericanRevolutionary War; returned lands lost to French and IndianWar back to French control; new boundaries for U.S.: South ofCanada, North of Florida, Atlantic to Mississippi River(although not allowed to navigation until Pinckneys Treaty)

Which 2 groups didn't benefit from the war?Natives American and women

Women roles Republican Motherhood = required to raisegood, educated citizens

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:Could not levy taxes, raise army, issue money, negotiatetreaties, regulate interstate trade/commerce

What did the Northwest Ordinance do?Allowed territory to become state if it has enough inhabitants

What is the 3/5s Compromise?5 slaves = 3 free = representatives for House of Legislative

What events helped spark change in the Constitution?Shays Rebellion

Who is the Father of the Constitution?James Madison

Which reports of Hamilton's were accepted?The debt, the mint, the currency

Which report of Hamilton wasn't accepted and why?Manufacturing, because of the tariffs on imports

Bill of Rights 1791 first 10 amendments, required so otherstates would ratify the Constitution, model after English

What act established 6 judges for the Supreme Court?Judiciary Act of 1789

Election of 1796 Adams vs. Jefferson; Adams wonElection of 1800 Adams vs. Jefferson; Alien & Sedition Actsupset people, so Jefferson won; led to 12th Amendment =distinctive choice between P/VP

Why was it known as the Revolution of 1800?The first peaceful transference of different political factions;last decision decided by Alexander Hamilton

What was the midnight appointment?Last-minute judges appointed by John Adams when he knewhe wasnt going to be re-elected; Federalists

8/14/2019 AP Colonial - Constitution Review

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AP Colonial / Constitution Review

Constitution was adopted 1788Massachusetts oldest written constitution, served as modelfor the rest of the states

Which country did the Federalists favor and why?Britain, because of economy (trades)

Which country did the Republicans favor and why?French, because they felt sympathy with their causeNorth economically mixed, wanted industrializedSouth agrarian, fear of industrialization

Washingtons Cabinet:Alexander Hamilton secretary of treasuryThomas Jefferson secretary of stateGeneral Henry Knox secretary of warEdmund Randolph attorney general

Executive Branch composition President + cabinetJudicial Branch composition 1 chief justice, 5 associatedjustices (Judiciary Act of 1789)

List 2 parts of the Great Compromise.Combination of Virginia + New Jersey Plan, bicameral

legislature House by population, Senate by equalrepresentatives, Congress had power to tax and regulatetrade

Why were the electoral colleges set up?Fear of the mob

How many states were needed to ratify?9 out of 13

1st state to ratify, 9th state to ratify, final state toratifyDelaware, New Hampshire, Rhode Island

People who were for the Constitution, people who wereagainst it.Federalists, Anti-federalists

Alien and Sedition Acts:Alien - Placed obstacles on aliens: longer time to neutralize,allowed president to deport aliens out of countrySedition - Allowed government to arrest those who opposedthe government (especially Republicans)

3 authors to the Federalist PapersJohn Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison

2 Leaders of the Anti-federalistsPatrick Henry. Thomas Paine.

Annapolis Convention of 1786:Only 12 delegates from 5 states represented NY, NJ, PA, DE,VA; called for a change in the Article of Confederation, but

didnt have enough votes

New England had gradual emancipation

XYZ Affair French demanded bribery before they wouldnegotiate

Quasi War unofficial naval war between U.S. and France

Main arguments against ratification fear of strong,tyrannical center of powers, lack of Bill of Rights

Virginia (Madison) and Kentucky (Jefferson)Resolutions argued for Lockes idea that federalgovernment formed by a compact or contract among states

nullification: states laws allowed to override national lawsif they were considered unconstitutional

Washingtons Farewell Address Asked to maintainneutrality, warning of political factions

Albany Plan of 1754 First attempted for colonial unioncalled by Benjamin Franklin; failed, rejected by everyone else

British Acts:Need money to pay war debt (from French and Indian War) (1) Sugar Act of 1764 eliminate illegal trades, enforcedduties on sugar (2) more smugglers (3) Currency Act of 1764 colonies forced to stop usingpaper money & use gold/silver coins (species) (4) colonistsstopped using currency (5) Mutiny Act of 1765 (aka Quartering Act) cos colonistsstopped using money, British forced them to house theirsoldiers instead (6) New York Suspending Act suspend NY assembly &their right of self-government until they accept Mutiny Act (7) Stamp Act 1765 first direct tax on colonist, tax on allprinted documents

John Dickinsons Letters From a Farmer discussedabout NY Suspending Act and made clear that the Britishs

policies were wrong >> urged for united action againstParliament

Tea Act allowed Britain East India Company to sell tea tocolonies without navigation act >> refused by colonists >>Boston Tea Party

Stamp Act Congress met to discuss about the recentlypassed Stamp Act of 1765, only had delegates from 9/13states, Declaration of Rights and Grievous (only colonistscould tax colonists, trial by jury, Rights of Englishmen,taxation without representation)

Critical Period (1781-1789) period of Articles ofConfederation; economically bad; revolts/uprising

3 Major Successes of Articles of Confederation Ordinance of 1785, Northwest Ordinance, and states gave upwestern land

Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) allowed American toexert power over Indian over Northwestern lands

Montesquieu separation of powers, eventually became thebasis of U.S. Constitution

Whiskey Rebellion proved that the new government(Federalist) was now capable of control the whole nation