ap chemistry chapter 8 and 9 jeopardy jennie l. borders
TRANSCRIPT
AP ChemistryAP ChemistryChapter 8 and 9 JeopardyChapter 8 and 9 Jeopardy
Jennie L. BordersJennie L. Borders
Round 1 – Chapter 8 Round 1 – Chapter 8 Basic Concepts of Basic Concepts of
Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonding
Lattice Lattice EnergyEnergy PolarityPolarity Lewis Dot Lewis Dot
StructuresStructuresFormal Formal ChargeCharge
ResonanceResonance SurpriseSurprise
100 100 100 100 100 100
200 200 200 200 200 200
300 300 300 300 300 300
400 400 400 400 400 400
500 500 500 500 500 500
Round 2 – Chapter 9 Round 2 – Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry Molecular Geometry
and Bonding Theories and Bonding Theories
Click to go to Round 2Click to go to Round 2
Lattice Energy 100Lattice Energy 100
Define lattice energy.Define lattice energy.
Lattice energy is the energy Lattice energy is the energy required to completely separate a required to completely separate a
mole of a solid ionic compound mole of a solid ionic compound into its gaseous ions.into its gaseous ions.
Lattice Energy 200Lattice Energy 200
Which factors govern the Which factors govern the magnitude of lattice energy of an magnitude of lattice energy of an
ionic compound?ionic compound?
The magnitude of charge and the The magnitude of charge and the size of the ions.size of the ions.
Lattice Energy 300Lattice Energy 300Explain the following trend in lattice Explain the following trend in lattice
energy: BaO > KF.energy: BaO > KF.
BaO has a larger magnitude of BaO has a larger magnitude of charge (+2 and -2), KF only has +1 charge (+2 and -2), KF only has +1
and -1.and -1.
Lattice Energy 400Lattice Energy 400
Explain the following trend in lattice Explain the following trend in lattice energy: CaFenergy: CaF22 > BaF > BaF22..
CaFCaF22 has a smaller cation, so has a smaller cation, so
lattice energy is larger.lattice energy is larger.
Lattice Energy 500Lattice Energy 500
Arrange the following compounds Arrange the following compounds in order of lowest to highest lattice in order of lowest to highest lattice
energy: ScN, KBr, MgO, NaF.energy: ScN, KBr, MgO, NaF.
KBr, NaF, MgO, ScNKBr, NaF, MgO, ScN
Polarity 100Polarity 100
Of the following pair, which one is a Of the following pair, which one is a molecular substance and which molecular substance and which one is an ionic substance: PbClone is an ionic substance: PbCl44
or RbCl.or RbCl.
PbClPbCl44 = molecular = molecular
RbCl = ionicRbCl = ionic
Polarity 200Polarity 200
What is the most electronegative What is the most electronegative atom in the following set: Ge, As, atom in the following set: Ge, As,
P, Sn.P, Sn.
PP
Polarity 300Polarity 300
Which of the following bonds are Which of the following bonds are polar: B – F, Cl – Cl, Se – O, or polar: B – F, Cl – Cl, Se – O, or
H – I.H – I.
All of them except Cl – Cl. All of them except Cl – Cl.
Polarity 400Polarity 400
Draw the dipole moment for the Draw the dipole moment for the following bond O – P.following bond O – P.
O – PO – P
Polarity 500Polarity 500
Draw the dipole moments for the Draw the dipole moments for the following molecule: NOfollowing molecule: NO33
--..
3 resonance structures, dipoles 3 resonance structures, dipoles point toward the O’spoint toward the O’s
Lewis Dot Structures 100Lewis Dot Structures 100
Draw the Lewis dot structure for Draw the Lewis dot structure for SiHSiH44..
Lewis Dot Structures 200Lewis Dot Structures 200
Draw the Lewis dot structures for CO.Draw the Lewis dot structures for CO.
Lewis Dot Structures 300Lewis Dot Structures 300
Draw the Lewis dot structure for Draw the Lewis dot structure for CC22HH22..
Lewis Dot Structures 400Lewis Dot Structures 400
Draw the Lewis dot structure for Draw the Lewis dot structure for ClOClO22
--..
Lewis Dot Structures 500Lewis Dot Structures 500
Draw the Lewis dot structure for Draw the Lewis dot structure for AsOAsO33
3-3-..
Formal Charge 100Formal Charge 100
Determine the formal charges on the Determine the formal charges on the atoms of ClOatoms of ClO44
--..
Formal charge on Cl = +3 and on all the O = -1
Formal Charge 200Formal Charge 200
Determine the formal charges on the Determine the formal charges on the atoms of NOatoms of NO++..
Formal charge on N = 0 and O = +1
Formal Charge 300Formal Charge 300
Determine the formal charges on the Determine the formal charges on the atoms of SOatoms of SO22..
Formal charge on S = 0 and on both Formal charge on S = 0 and on both O = 0O = 0
Formal Charge 400Formal Charge 400
Determine the formal charges on the Determine the formal charges on the atoms of SOatoms of SO33. (make sure all atoms . (make sure all atoms
follow the octet rule)follow the octet rule)Formal charge on S = +2, on the Formal charge on S = +2, on the
double bonded O = 0, and on the 2 double bonded O = 0, and on the 2 single bonded O = -1single bonded O = -1
Formal Charge 500Formal Charge 500
Determine the formal charges on the Determine the formal charges on the atoms of SOatoms of SO33
2-2-. (make sure all atoms . (make sure all atoms
obey the octet rule)obey the octet rule)
Formal charge on S = +1 and on all Formal charge on S = +1 and on all O = -1O = -1
Resonance 100Resonance 100
Draw the resonance structures for Draw the resonance structures for NONO22
--..
Resonance 200Resonance 200
Draw the resonance structures for Draw the resonance structures for NONO22
++. .
Resonance 300Resonance 300
Use resonance structures to explain Use resonance structures to explain why the C – C bonds in benzene why the C – C bonds in benzene
are all the same length.are all the same length.Benzene can be drawn with Benzene can be drawn with alternating single and double alternating single and double
bonds. Since resonance bonds. Since resonance structures can be drawn, each structures can be drawn, each bond is considered a 1.5 bondbond is considered a 1.5 bond
..
Resonance 400Resonance 400
Predict the ordering of the C – O Predict the ordering of the C – O bond lengths in CO, CObond lengths in CO, CO22, and , and
COCO332-2-..
CO, COCO, CO22, CO, CO332-2-
Resonance 500Resonance 500
Based on the Lewis structures, Based on the Lewis structures, predict the ordering of N – O bond predict the ordering of N – O bond
lengths in NOlengths in NO22--, NO, NO33
--, and NO, and NO++..
NONO++, NO, NO22--, NO, NO33
--
Surprise 100Surprise 100
What is the difference in an ionic, What is the difference in an ionic, covalent, and metallic bond.covalent, and metallic bond.
An ionic bond is the transfer of electrons An ionic bond is the transfer of electrons between two atoms.between two atoms.
A covalent bond is the sharing of electrons A covalent bond is the sharing of electrons between two atoms.between two atoms.
A metallic bond is the attraction of the A metallic bond is the attraction of the positive metal nuclei for the sea of valence positive metal nuclei for the sea of valence
electrons. electrons.
Surprise 200Surprise 200
Define electronegativity and list the Define electronegativity and list the periodic trends.periodic trends.
Electronegativity is the ability of an Electronegativity is the ability of an atom of attract an electron.atom of attract an electron.
Electronegativity increases as you go Electronegativity increases as you go across a period and decreases as you across a period and decreases as you
go down a group.go down a group.
Surprise 300Surprise 300
Write the electron configuration for Write the electron configuration for FeFe2+ 2+ and Feand Fe3+3+..
FeFe2+ 2+ = 1s= 1s222s2s222p2p663s3s223p3p663d3d66
FeFe3+ 3+ = 1s= 1s222s2s222p2p663s3s223p3p663d3d55
Surprise 400Surprise 400
What is the electronegativity What is the electronegativity difference for nonpolar, polar, and difference for nonpolar, polar, and
ionic?ionic?
NonpolarNonpolar <0.5<0.5 PolarPolar 0.5 – 2.00.5 – 2.0
Ionic Ionic >2.0>2.0
Surprise 500Surprise 500
How do you calculate bond enthalpy How do you calculate bond enthalpy for a reaction?for a reaction?
VocabularyVocabulary Bond Bond AnglesAngles
VSEPR VSEPR ModelModel PolarityPolarity Hybrid Hybrid
OrbitalsOrbitalsMultiple Multiple BondsBonds
200 200 200 200 200 200
400 400 400 400 400 400
600 600 600 600 600 600
800 800 800 800 800 800
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Vocabulary 200Vocabulary 200
What does VSEPR stand for?What does VSEPR stand for?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Valence Shell Electron Pair RepulsionRepulsion
Vocabulary 400Vocabulary 400
What is a hybrid orbital?What is a hybrid orbital?
An orbital that has the properties An orbital that has the properties of more than one orbital.of more than one orbital.
Vocabulary 600Vocabulary 600
What is the difference in molecular What is the difference in molecular geometry and electron domain geometry and electron domain
geometry?geometry?Molecular geometry is the geometry solely Molecular geometry is the geometry solely
based on the arrangement of atoms. based on the arrangement of atoms. Electron domain geometry is the geometry Electron domain geometry is the geometry
based on both the location of the atoms and based on both the location of the atoms and the location of the lone electron pairs.the location of the lone electron pairs.
Vocabulary 800Vocabulary 800
What are localized and delocalized What are localized and delocalized electrons?electrons?
Localized electrons can be located Localized electrons can be located because they are associated with only because they are associated with only 2 atoms. Delocalized electrons occur in 2 atoms. Delocalized electrons occur in molecules with resonance and cannot molecules with resonance and cannot
be located because they are be located because they are associated with many atoms.associated with many atoms.
Vocabulary 1000Vocabulary 1000
What is a sigma bond and a pi bond?What is a sigma bond and a pi bond?
Sigma bonds are single bonds and the Sigma bonds are single bonds and the electron density is concentrated between electron density is concentrated between
the 2 nuclei.the 2 nuclei.A pi bond is located in all multiple bonds A pi bond is located in all multiple bonds
and is located above and below the central and is located above and below the central axis of the nuclei.axis of the nuclei.
Bond Angles 200Bond Angles 200
What are the bond angles in the What are the bond angles in the following molecule: BFfollowing molecule: BF33..
Bond angles = 120Bond angles = 120oo
Bond Angles 400Bond Angles 400What are the bond angles in the What are the bond angles in the
following molecule: SFfollowing molecule: SF66..
Bond angles = 90Bond angles = 90oo
Bond Angles 600Bond Angles 600
What are the bond angles in the What are the bond angles in the following molecule: ClOfollowing molecule: ClO44
--..
Bond angles = 109.5Bond angles = 109.5oo
Bond Angles 800Bond Angles 800
What are the bond angles in the What are the bond angles in the following molecule: PClfollowing molecule: PCl55..
Bond angles = axial 90Bond angles = axial 90oo
equatorial 120equatorial 120oo
Bond Angles 1000Bond Angles 1000Explain the bond angle differences in Explain the bond angle differences in
CHCH44, H, H22O, and NHO, and NH33..
The bond angles decreases as The bond angles decreases as more lone pairs are added since more lone pairs are added since lone pairs take up more space lone pairs take up more space
than bonded electrons. than bonded electrons.
VSEPR Model 200VSEPR Model 200
What is the molecular geometry and What is the molecular geometry and electron domain geometry of the electron domain geometry of the
following molecule: XeFfollowing molecule: XeF22..
MG = linearMG = linearEDG = trigonal bipyramidalEDG = trigonal bipyramidal
VSEPR Model 400VSEPR Model 400
What is the molecular geometry and What is the molecular geometry and electron domain geometry of the electron domain geometry of the
following molecule: BrFfollowing molecule: BrF44..
MG = square pyramidalMG = square pyramidalEDG = octahedralEDG = octahedral
VSEPR Model 600VSEPR Model 600
What is the molecular geometry and What is the molecular geometry and electron domain geometry of the electron domain geometry of the
following molecule: XeFfollowing molecule: XeF44..
MG = square planarMG = square planarEDG = octahedralEDG = octahedral
VSEPR Model 800VSEPR Model 800
What is the molecular geometry and What is the molecular geometry and electron domain geometry of the electron domain geometry of the
following molecule: ClFfollowing molecule: ClF33..
MG = T-shapedMG = T-shapedEDG = trigonal bipyramidal EDG = trigonal bipyramidal
VSEPR Model 1000VSEPR Model 1000
What is the molecular geometry and What is the molecular geometry and electron domain geometry of the electron domain geometry of the
following molecule: SFfollowing molecule: SF44..
MG = seesawMG = seesawEDG = trigonal bipyramidalEDG = trigonal bipyramidal
Polarity 200Polarity 200
Is the following molecule polar or Is the following molecule polar or nonpolar: SFnonpolar: SF66. (If polar, show the . (If polar, show the
overall dipole moment.)overall dipole moment.)Nonpolar – dipoles all point Nonpolar – dipoles all point towards the F’s and canceltowards the F’s and cancel
Polarity 400Polarity 400
Is the following molecule polar or Is the following molecule polar or nonpolar: IF. (If polar, show the nonpolar: IF. (If polar, show the
overall dipole moment.)overall dipole moment.)
Polar – dipole points towards Polar – dipole points towards the Fthe F
Polarity 600Polarity 600
Is the following molecule polar or Is the following molecule polar or nonpolar: CSnonpolar: CS22. (If polar, show the . (If polar, show the
overall dipole moment.)overall dipole moment.)
Nonpolar – dipoles point Nonpolar – dipoles point towards the S’s and canceltowards the S’s and cancel
Polarity 800Polarity 800
Is the following molecule polar or Is the following molecule polar or nonpolar: IFnonpolar: IF55. (If polar, show the . (If polar, show the
overall dipole moment.)overall dipole moment.)
Polar – dipoles point towards the F’sPolar – dipoles point towards the F’s
Polarity 1000Polarity 1000Is the following molecule polar or Is the following molecule polar or nonpolar: PClnonpolar: PCl33. (If polar, show the . (If polar, show the
overall dipole moment.)overall dipole moment.)
Polar – dipoles point towards the Cl’sPolar – dipoles point towards the Cl’s
Hybrid Orbitals 200Hybrid Orbitals 200
What is the hybridization of the What is the hybridization of the molecule Hmolecule H22O?O?
spsp33
Hybrid Orbitals 400Hybrid Orbitals 400
What is the hybridization of the What is the hybridization of the molecule COmolecule CO22??
spsp
Hybrid Orbitals 600Hybrid Orbitals 600
What is the hybridization of the What is the hybridization of the molecule SOmolecule SO33??
spsp22
Hybrid Orbitals 800Hybrid Orbitals 800DrawDraw the hybridization of CH the hybridization of CH44..
Hybrid Orbitals 1000Hybrid Orbitals 1000
DrawDraw the hybridization of BF the hybridization of BF33..
Multiple Bonds 200Multiple Bonds 200
How many sigma and pi bonds are in How many sigma and pi bonds are in NN22??
1 sigma and 2 pi bonds1 sigma and 2 pi bonds
Multiple Bonds 400Multiple Bonds 400
Are the bonds in SOAre the bonds in SO33 localized or localized or
delocalized?delocalized?
delocalizeddelocalized
Multiple Bonds 600Multiple Bonds 600
Are the bonds in NOAre the bonds in NO22-- localized or localized or
delocalized?delocalized?
delocalizeddelocalized
Multiple Bonds 800Multiple Bonds 800
Explain the sigma and pi bonds in Explain the sigma and pi bonds in benzene.benzene.
The C-H bonds are all sigma The C-H bonds are all sigma bonds. The C-C/C=C bonds are bonds. The C-C/C=C bonds are delocalized pi and sigma bonds.delocalized pi and sigma bonds.
Multiple Bonds 1000Multiple Bonds 1000
How many sigma and pi bonds are in How many sigma and pi bonds are in 1 – propene (C1 – propene (C33HH66))
8 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond8 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond