ap chapter 17 reconstruction. politics of rebuilding america federal govt. became the supreme law...
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AP Chapter AP Chapter 1717
ReconstructionReconstruction
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Politics of Rebuilding Politics of Rebuilding AmericaAmerica Federal govt. became the supreme
law of the land Lincoln’s ultimate goal was the
preservation of the Union Southern economy laid in ruins and
they lost their work force
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Lincoln and Johnson’s Lincoln and Johnson’s PlanPlan Lincoln wanted a quick
reconstruction process and wanted to treat the south as if they had never left
Lincoln’s Plan- 10% loyalty oath and passage of the 13th Amend
Johnson’s Plan was a similar but denied some Confederates the right to vote
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Radical Republicans Plan Wanted to punish the South and give
equal rights to the slaves Wade-Davis Bill- 50% loyalty oath
before elections could be held but Lincoln pocket-vetoed it
Some called for the redistribution of land
Republicans wanted to punish the southern whites
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Freedman’s BureauFreedman’s Bureau Provided social, economic and
educational services for the poorest freed slave
Also provided for protection from the whites
Lasted seven years
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Radical Republican Radical Republican VisionVision Wanted to remake southern society Resented the Black Codes that
segregated the South Civil Rights Act of 1866 gave full
citizenship rights to the blacks 14th Amendment- citizenship/due
process for the newly freed slaves Johnson vetoed many of the
Republican laws
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Congressional Congressional ReconstructionReconstruction Reconstruction Act- was vetoed by
Johnson but overridden divided the South into 5 occupied military zones
States had to adopt new Const. accepting the 14th Amend and giving voting rights to the slaves
Congress continued to override Johnson’s vetoes
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Tenure of Office Act Said any one appointed by the
president with Senate approval could not be removed until the Senate approved a successor
Johnson suspended Sec. of War Edwin Stanton and the Republicans were furious
House voted to impeach but the Senate failed by 1 vote
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Election of 1868Election of 1868 Grant (R) vs. Horatio Seymour (D)
and Grant won easily KKK emerged as a strong social force
in suppressing blacks rights 15th Amendment- gave blacks the
right to vote 1870 all of the southern states had
been readmitted into the union
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New Life for African New Life for African AmericansAmericans Some left for a new life while others
remained b/c they knew nothing else Most became poor tenant farmers or
sharecroppers Family ties became strong and the
church played an important role Most lived in small communities
together mainly for protection
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Southern Politics and Southern Politics and SocietySociety Federal troops protected the
Republican govt.’s in the South Blacks saw some rights and won
political office while the Republicans were in charge
Union League- helped organize freedman in the southern cities
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Carpetbagger- northerners who moved south for opportunities
Scalawags- southern whites who assisted the northerners
Southerners hated any Republicans
Republican Party gained significant power in the South until 1877
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Carpetbaggers Carpetbaggers
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Reconstructing the Reconstructing the StatesStates Segregation became common and most
civil rights laws were never enforced Enforcement Act created to end all of the
hostility but did little Gradually Democrats began to seize
control of their state governments Slaughterhouse Cases- S.C. rulings that
limited the power of the 14th and 15th Amendments
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The New SouthThe New South Only a few plantations survived after
the war Most were divided into several small
farms Southern merchants became the new
economic force in the South instead of agriculture
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Reconstructing the Reconstructing the NorthNorth Northern industry boomed after the
war Transcontinental RR was completed at
Promontory Point, UT in 1869 Railroads became America’s biggest
economic engine Chinese Exclusion Act 1882- passed to
limit Chinese immigration (Nativism)
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Credit Mobilier ScandalCredit Mobilier Scandal Corruption involving the Union Pacific
RR Credit Mobilier was a dummy
construction company and some Republicans received stock in the company for political loyalty
Tarnished Grant’s presidency
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Credit Mobilier ScandalCredit Mobilier Scandal
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Liberal Republicans and the Liberal Republicans and the Election of 1872Election of 1872
Grant easily defeated Horace Greely (D) for the presidency
Thomas Nast a cartoonists exposed the corruption of Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring in NYC
Liberal Republicans pushed for free trade and economic growth
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The Depression of 1873The Depression of 1873 Post war boom which led to a severe
financial panic Railroads defaulted on loans,
factories closed and unemployment skyrocketed
Many questioned the free market ideology of the country
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Election of 1876Election of 1876 Samuel Tilden (D) vs. Rutherford B.
Hayes (R) battled for the presidency Voter fraud, corruption and violence
marred the elections Tilden won the popular vote but was
one electoral vote shy
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Hayes refused to concede the election and both disputed the vote totals in FL, SC and LA
Commission was created but was dominated by Republicans and said Hayes was the winner
Southern Democrats were furious and wanted to take up arms
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Election of 1876Election of 1876
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Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877 Hayes would become the President His 1st order was to remove the last
federal troops from the South Considered the end of Reconstruction
and Republicans lost all power in the Southern states until the 1960s
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Restoring White ControlRestoring White Control Solid South- solidly voted for the
Democratic Party Southern States passed laws
preventing blacks from voting Poll Tax, Grandfather Clause &
Literacy Test were common Jim Crow Laws and Black Codes
segregated society
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ConclusionConclusion South hated the North and
Republicans Federal Government proved superior Blacks are free but still treated as
inferiors and slaves