ap biology summer assignment 2018 - spellman.com€¦ · ap biology summer assignment 2018 - 2019...
TRANSCRIPT
APBiologySummerAssignment2018-2019Mrs.Davis
sdavis@spellman.comIfatanypointthissummeryouhavequestionsorconcernspleaseemailme.WelcometoAPBiology!Thiscourseisdesignedtobetheequivalentofatwo-semesterintroductorybiologycourseusuallytakeninthefirstyearofcollege.Inotherwords,it’salittlelikedrinkingfromafirehose!HopefullyyouLOVEbiology!Itwillbearewardingexperience,butaswithmostthings,itwillalsobechallenging.Throughoutthecourse,youwillbecomefamiliarwithmajorrecurringideasthatpersistthroughoutalltopicsandmaterial.The4BigIdeasofAPBiologyBigIdea1:Theprocessofevolutiondrivesthediversityandunityoflife.BigIdea2:Biologicalsystemsutilizefreeenergyandmolecularbuildingblockstogrow,toreproduceandtomaintaindynamichomeostasis.BigIdea3:Livingsystemsstore,retrieve,transmitandrespondtoinformationessentialtolifeprocesses.BigIdea4:Biologicalsystemsinteract,andthesesystemsandtheirinteractionspossesscomplexproperties.Assignment #1: Intro email to [email protected] by July 1st (10 points) This is your opportunity to introduce yourself to me, and for me to learn about you. This assignment is an email to me, your teacher, not a text to a friend. Include the following information:
1.-Who you are. What you want to be when you “grow up”. (Career / College Major) 2.-Describe 3 of your strengths and 3 weaknesses 3.-Describe something important to you 4.-What are you looking forward to next year? Why? 5.-What do you anticipate will be your biggest challenge in this class? 6.-Have you already taken, or will you be taking Anatomy & Physiology next year? 7.-How do you learn best? 8.-What do you expect of me as your teacher?
Assignment #2: Ecology Unit - Chapters 52 - 55 - due dates listed on assignments Assignment #3: Biological Scavenger Hunt - due Aug. 27th Assignment #4: Root words, Prefixes, and Suffixes - due 1st full day - Sept 7th DO NOT WAIT TOO LATE INTO THE SUMMER TO BEGIN THESE ASSIGNMENTS!
Assignment #2: Textbook assignment - Ecology Unit - Chapters 52 - 55 Duedatesandpointvalueslistedforeachchapter.EmailanswersasaWorddocbytheduedatelisted.Textbook:APEditionCampbellBIOLOGY9thEdition ISBN#10:0131375040or13:9780131375048Readtheecologychaptersinthetextbook.Chapters52-55.Answerthequestionsforeachchapter.Answersshouldbetyped,writtenincompletesentences,anddemonstrateyourunderstandingoftheconcepts.ThoroughanddetailedexplanationsareESSENTIALtobesuccessfulinAPBiology.Chapter52AnIntroductiontoEcologyandtheBiosphereDueJuly9th(46points)1. Defineecology.Explainwhyaresearchstudyansweringthefollowingquestionwould
beclassifiedasanecologicalstudy:Howdoesthegrazingdensityofbisonaffectthespeciesdiversityingrasslandprairies?(4)
2. Explainwhythelandareaaroundtheequator(O°latitude)iswarmandwet.(2)3. Thefollowinggraphsarecalledclimatogramsbecausetheyrepresentthemonthly
changesinclimate(temperatureandprecipitation)throughoutanentireyear.Thebargraphrepresentsprecipitationandthelinegraphrepresentstemperature.Whattypeofbiomedoeseachclimatogramrepresent?Justifyyouranswers.(12)
4. Explainthemajordifferenceinhoworganismsobtainfoodinthephoticzoneandthe
benthiczoneofanaquaticecosystem.Giveanexampleforeach.(6)5. DescribetheseasonalturnoverofwaterinalakeinthenortheasternUnitedStates.
Whywouldn’tyouexpectalakeneartheequatortoexperienceseasonalturnover?(6)6. Determinetheaquaticbiomeassociatedwitheachcharacteristic.Justifyyouranswer.
(12)a. Variabilityinwatersalinitylevels.b. Highlightpenetrationandlownutrientlevels.c. Highvariabilityintemperature,salinity,andairexposure.d. Lowoxygenlevelsandphotosyntheticallyproductive.
7. Explainwhythefollowingstatementisfalse:“AllcommunitiesonEartharebasedonprimaryproducersthatcapturelightenergybyphotosynthesis.”(4)
Chapter53PopulationEcologyDueJuly23(40points)1. Thediagramontherightrepresentsa
populationandeachdotrepresentsanindividualinthatpopulation.Theareainwhichthepopulationexistsis2kmx1km.Largecircles=adults.Smallcircles=juveniles.Redcircles=females.Bluecircles=males.Describethefollowingcharacteristicsofthepopulation.(6)
a. Densityofthepopulationb. Dispersionpatternc. Agedistribution
2. Whatinformationwouldyouneedaboutthispopulationtoanalyzeitsdemographics?(4)
3. Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenanexponentialgrowthmodelandalogisticgrowthmodel?(6)
4. Explainthemeaningofeachofthefollowingtermsinthelogisticmodelofpopulationgrowth:(6)
a. rmaxb. K–Nc. (K-N)/K
5. Distinguishbetweenr-selectedpopulationsandK-selectedpopulation(6)6. Explainhowdensity-dependentanddensity-independentfactorsmayaffectpopulation
growth.(6)7. Explain,withexamples,howbioticandabioticfactorsmayworktogethertocontrola
population’sgrowth.(6)Chapter54CommunityEcologyDueAug.6th(44points)1. Statethecompetitiveexclusionprinciple.(4)2. Defineanecologicalnicheandrestatethecompetitiveexclusionprincipleusingthe
nicheconcept.(4)3. UseFigure54.3todescribethefundamentalandrealizednichesofbothChthamalus
andBalanus.(4)4. Describeonemajoradaptationforeachofthefollowingorganisms:(8)
a. Beaverb. Porcupinec. Cactusd. JumpingSpider(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQbScg3r1oQ)
5. Explainhowcrypticcolorationandaposematiccolorationmayaidananimalinavoidingpredators.(4)
6. DistinguishbetweenBatesianmimicryandMüllerianmimicry.(4)7. Summarizetwohypothesesthatexplainwhyfoodchainsarerelativelyshort.Explain
theexperimentalevidencethatsupportstheenergetichypothesis.(6)8. Explainhowdominantandkeystonespeciesexertstrongcontroloncommunity
structure.Describeanexampleofeach.(6)9. Distinguishbetweenprimaryandsecondarysuccession.(4)Chapter55EcosystemsandRestorationEcologyDueAug.20th(66points)1. Describethefundamentalrelationshipbetweenautotrophsandheterotrophsinan
ecosystem.(4)2. Explainhowthefirstandsecondlawsofthermodynamicsapplytoecosystems.(6)3. Explainhowdecompositionconnectsalltrophiclevelsinanecosystem.(4)4. Explainwhytheamountofenergyusedinphotosynthesisissomuchlessthanthe
amountofsolarenergythatreachesEarth.(4)5. Defineandcomparegrossprimaryproductionandnetprimaryproduction.(10)6. Explainwhynutrientsaresaidtocycleratherthanflowwithinecosystems.(6)7. Namethemainprocessesdrivingthewatercycle.(4)8. Namethemajorreservoirsofcarbon.(4)9. Describethenitrogencycleandexplaintheimportanceofnitrogenfixationtoallliving
organisms.Namethreeotherkeybacterialprocessesinthenitrogencycle.(8)10. Describehowagriculturalpracticescaninterferewithnitrogencycling.(4)11. Describethecausesandconsequencesofacidprecipitation.(4)12. Explainwhytoxiccompoundsusuallyhavethegreatesteffectontop-levelcarnivores.
(4)13. Describehowincreasedatmosphericconcentrationsofcarbondioxidearechanging
Earth’sheatbudget.(4)
Assignment#3-BiologicalScavengerHunt
PhotoPowerPoint–dueAugust27th
Forthisassignment,youwill“collect”25photographicexamplesofbiologicalterms/concepts.Selectany25oftheitemsfromtheBiologicalScavengerHunt/CollectionList.Thiswillintroduceyounotonlytothelanguageofbiology,butalsoemphasizethatbiologyissomethingthat’sDONEnotjustmemorized.Alistofyour25“collected”itemsistobeemailedtomeasaWorddoc.byAug.27thInaddition,youwillbesavingyouractualphotosinaPowerPointpresentation.YouwillbeforwardingtomeyourPowerPoint,duethesameday,Aug.27thDirectionsfortheBiologicalScavengerHunt/PhotoPowerPoint:1st-Iwantyoutohavefunwiththisproject!1. “Collect”anitembytakingapictureofit.Define,inyourownwords,thebiological
term/concept.Alsowithinacoupleofstatements,explainhowthepicturerepresentsthetermorconcept.UsetheBiologicalScavengerHuntCollectionListbelowtoselectterms/conceptsthatyouwishtouse.
2. Uploadthephoto,definition,andexplanationtoaPowerPointpresentation.3. Usethe“ContentwithCaption”slidelayout.Seesamples.4. Becreative.Ifyouchooseanitemthatisinternaltoaplantoranimal,likephloem,you
couldsubmitaphotographofthewholeorganismoracloseupofonepart,andthenexplainwhatphloemisandspecificallywherephloemisinthespecimen.
5. UseoriginalphotosONLY.YoucannotuseanimagefromanypublicationorfromtheInternet.Youmusttakethephotoyourself.Thewaytoprovethatthephotoisyourworkistohavesomethinginyourpicturethatrepresentsyou.Thiscouldbeakeychain,pen,bracelet,smalltoy,etc.Submitapictureofyouwithyourproofobjectasyourfirstslide.Soyouwillhave26slidesintotal.
6. Youshouldonlyusenaturalitems.Takeawalkinyourneighborhood,gotothezoo,goforahikeinthewoods,gotothebeachetc.Humansarenaturalitemsandmaybeused,butonlyfortwoentries.
7. Thisisanindividualproject.Whilebrainstorming,discussing,andevengoingoncollectingadventurestogetherwithclassmatesisencouraged,youritemsandphotosaretobeunique.Withover90conceptchoices,probabilitysaysthereisaveryslimchancethatanytwostudentswillhavethesameitemschosenfromtheirlist.
8. Becarefulandrespectful!Nevertouchplantsoranimalsyouareunfamiliarwith.Don’tkillorhurtanyorganisms.Don’tremoveanyorganismsfromthenaturalenvironment.
9. Ifyouhaveanyquestionspleasejustemailme.
BiologicalScavengerHunt/CollectionList1.Adaptationofananimal2.Adaptationofaplant3.Altruisticbehavior4.Amnioticegg5.Analogousstructures6.Animalthathasasegmentedbody7.Antherandfilamentofstamen8.Archaebacteria9.Asexualreproduction10.ATP11.Autotroph12.Auxinproducingareaofaplant13.Basiodiomycete14.Batesianmimicry15.Bilateralsymmetry16.Biologicalmagnification17.C3Plant18.C4Plant19.CAMPlant20.CalvinCycle21.Cambium22.Cellularrespiration23.Coevolution24.Commensalism25.Connectivetissue26.Cuticlelayerofaplant27.Detritivore28.Dominantvs.recessivephenotype29.Ectotherm30.Endosperm31.Endotherm32.Enzyme
33.Epithelialtissue34.Ethylene35.Eubacteria36.Eukaryote37.Exoskeleton38.Fermentation39.Flowerovary40.Frond41.Gametophyte42.Geneticvariationwithinapopulation43.Geneticallymodifiedorganism44.Gibberellins45.Glycogen46.Gymnospermcone–maleorfemale47.Gymnospermleaf48.Hermaphrodite49.Heterotrophy50.Homeostasis51.Homologousstructures52.Hydrophilic53.Hydrophobic54.Introducedspecies55.Keystonespecies56.Krebscycle57.K-strategist58.Lichen59.Lipidusedforenergystorage60.Littoralzoneorganism61.Long-dayplant62.Matingbehavior(becareful!!-NOThumans!)Stoplaughing!63.Meristem
64.Modifiedleafofaplant65.Modifiedrootofaplant66.Modifiedstemofaplant67.Mullerianmimicry68.Mutualism69.Mycelium70.Mycorrhizae71.Niche72.Parasitism73.Parenchymacells74.Phloem75.Pollen76.Pollinator77.Population78.Predation79.Prokaryote80.R-strategist81.Radialsymmetry(animal)82.Redoxreaction83.Rhizome84.Seeddispersal(animal,wind,water)85.Spore86.Sporophyte87.Stigmaandstyleofcarpel88.Succession89.Taxis90.Territorialbehavior91.Tropism92.Unicellularorganism93.Vestigialstructures94.Xylem
PhotoOrder
BiologicalTerms/Concepts
Comments/Explanation PointsEarned
1. ProofObject Thisisa“selfie”ofjustyou
andyourproofobject
1pt.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
ExampleEntriesforPhotoPowerPoint:
UseContentwithCaptionsslidelayout!
Noticethetoygiraffeinthepicturesbelow.Thisisthisstudent’sproofobjectandisusedtodemonstratethatthephotographsareindeedtheiroriginal,thatthephotoisnotcut/pastefromtheInternet.Makesureyouhaveproofobjectineachofyourphotos.
Assignment #4: Root words, Prefixes, and Suffixes Aprintedcopyoftheassignmentisduethefirstdayoffullclass–September7th. (57 points) For each root, prefix and suffix below find a vocab word that contains that word element, and know the definition of that word. Find words that fit the definition of the word element. All of the word elements found below pertain to terms used in AP Biology.
Ex: Cardio- means heart; a cardiologist is one who studies hearts.
Word Element Meaning Vocab Word Definition of vocab word
a-, an- not, without, lacking, deficient
Aero- Air
Amyl- Starch
Arthr- Jointed
-ase Enzyme
Auto- Self
Bi- (Latin) Two, twice
Bi, bio (Greek) Life, living
Carcin- Cancer
Carn- Meat, flesh
Cata- Breakdown, downward
Centi- Hundredth
Chem- Dealing with chemicals
Chloro- Green
Co- With, together
Cotyl- Cup
-cul-, -cule Small, diminutive
Cyto-, -cyte Cell, hollow container
De- Away from, down
Derm- Skin
Di-, dipl- Two, double (Latin)
di-, dia- Through, across, (Greek) apart
Echin- Spiny; prickly
En-, endo-, ent- Into, in, within
Epi- Upon, above, over
Eury- Widen
Ex- Out of, away from
Glyco- Sugar
Hapl- Simple
Herb- Grass, plants
Hetero- Different, other
Homo- (Greek) Same, alike
Hydr- Water
Hyper- Above, beyond, over
Hypo- Below, under, less
Inter- Within, inside
Intra- Between
Iso- Equal, same
-kary- Cell nucleus
Lact- Milk
Lip- Fat
-logy Study of
-lys, -lyt, -lyst Decompose, split, dissolve
Mes- Middle, half, intermediate
Met-, meta- Between, along, after
Micro- Small, millionth
Milli- Thousandth
Mito- Thread
Mono- One, single
Multi- Many
Omni- All
-ose Sugar
Ov- Egg
Oxy-, Oxi- Sharp, acid, oxygen
Permea- Pass, go
Phag- Eat
Photo- Light
Phyl- Related group
-phyll Leaf
Phyt-, phyte- Plant
Pino- Drink
Plasm-, -plast- Form, formed into
Poly- Many, multiple
Post- After, behind
Re- Again, back
Sacchar- Sugar
Semi- Half, partly
Solv- Loosen, free
Sub- Under, below
Sym-, syn- Together
Telo- End
Therm- Heat
Trans- Across
-troph- Nourishment, one who feeds
Uni- One
-vor- Devour, eat
Xero- Dry
Xyl- wood
Ather- Fat deposit
Bronch- Windpipe
Capill- Hair
Cardi- Heart
cerebr- Brain
coel- Hollow
-crine To secrete
-cyte cell
dendr- tree
derm- Skin
dorm- Sleep
-emia blood
epi- upon; above; over
erythro- Red
-flex- To bend
-gam- Marriage
gastr- Stomach
hepar-; hepat- Liver
leuc-; leuk- white; bright; light
Lip- Fat
mela-; melan- black; dark
mut- Change
my- Muscle
nephro- Kidney
neur- Nerve
ov- Egg
pulmo- Lung
ren- kidney
Sarco- Muscular
-scribe; -script Write
Som-; somat- Body
Synaps; Point of contact; synapt- to join
trache- Windpipe
Trans- Across
Vas; vasculo- Blood vessel
zyg- Joined together