AP Biology STUDY GUIDE: Evolution KEY TERMS~ Jean Baptist de Lamarck ~ inheritance of acquired characteristics ~ Charles Lyell ~ Alfred Russell Wallace ~ Charles Darwin ~ natural selection ~ survival of the fittest ~ variation ~ evidence for evolution

* Geologic (fossils, paleontology, biogeography)* Developmental (homologous & analogous structures, vestigial structures) * Biochemical (embryology, biochemistry, DNA, artificial selection)

~ species/speciation* allopatric/sympatric speciation

~ gene pool ~ allelic frequency ~ genetic equilibrium ~ genotype frequencies ~ genetic drift ~ mutation pressure ~ gene flow ~ bottleneck effect ~ founder effect ~ selection pressure ~ heterozygote advantage ~ directional selection ~ disruptive selection ~ stabilizing selection ~ adaptation ~ fitness ~ sexual selection/polymorphism ~ microevolution/macroevolution ~ phylogeny ~ Isolation mechanisms

*prezygotic/postzygotic isolation mechanisms * geographic isolation * ecological(habitat) isolation * temporal(seasonal) isolation * behavioral isolation * mechanical isolation * gametic isolation * developmental isolation * hybrid inviability/sterility

~ evolutionary bottleneck ~ punctuated equilibrium vs. gradualism ~ radioactive dating ~ convergent evolution