Old Skull, New Look. United Learning. 1985. unitedstreaming. 16 February 2006 http://www.unitedstreaming.com/

a. Leakey FamilyLouis and Mary ii. Began with Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, East Africaiii. Many key discoveries that shaped our knowledge of human originExamples: Laetoli foot prints, Australopithecus boisei, Homo habilis, and Homo erectus

Cover photo from Time, Nov 1977.From: www.leakey.comFrom: www.leakey.com

b. Raymond Darti. Studied fossils found in Taung , South Africaii Taung child; Australopithcus africanus

Photo from: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/specimen.html#taungPhoto from: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/rdart.html

c. Dr. Donald Johansoni Was told that he was not college materialii Discovered Lucy in 1974 in Hadar, Ethiopia

http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/djohanson.htmlhttp://www.asu.edu/clas/iho/johanson.html

Characteristics:a 5 Flexible Fingers/Toesb Mammalsc Haird Suckle Their Younge Complex Social BehaviorExamples: Shrews, Lemurs, Monkeys, Apes, Humans

i. Hominids have a thumb which bends toward the other fingers.ii. It is used for gripping.iii. Apes also have opposable toes.iv. Humans are the only primates without opposable toes

(Prosimians b) ~65 million years ago, dinosaurs became extinctPlants & animals adapted to fill new empty habitats (niches)2 Subgroups of Primates:ProsimiansAnthropoidsDiagram courtesy of: http://www.niu.edu/pubaffairs/RELEASES/2000/MAR/primate/tree.html

(a) First primatesWhat characteristic of the prosimians below allows them to be (c) nocturnal and (b) arboreal?

i 2 eyes see different images ii Brain merges them together iii Gives greater depth perception

a. Evolved from prosimiansb. Largerc. Diurnal (daytime activity)d. Arboreale. Larger brainf. May be Quadrupedalg. May have Prehensile tail (wraps around branches)h. Includes Hominoids and monkeys

a. Began as small and arboreal apesb. Now, includes apes and hominidsc. Some quadrupedal some bipedali. May use knuckle-walking

Group of hominoidsSeparated from apes 4-5 million years agoProbably began in AfricaHumans & their closest fossil relativesBipedalEnlarged brain

Greatest Discoveries with Bill Nye: The Origin and Evolution of Life. Discovery Channel School. 2005. unitedstreaming. 16 February 2006 http://www.unitedstreaming.com/

Example of Australopithecusafarensis The oldest hominid fossil ever found3,000,000 years old40% complete

Greatest Discoveries with Bill Nye: The Origin and Evolution of Life. Discovery Channel School. 2005. unitedstreaming. 16 February 2006 http://www.unitedstreaming.com/

A pair of hominid footprintsIndicated socializationIndicated BipedalismFrom around the time of Lucy

Greatest Discoveries with Bill Nye: The Origin and Evolution of Life. Discovery Channel School. 2005. unitedstreaming. 16 February 2006 http://www.unitedstreaming.com/

Twice as old as LucyApe-like craniumHuman-like teethSuggests that human evolution was a series of experiments with many branches like a bush