ap biology daily warm-up friday, october 10 th describe the kreb’s cycle and oxidative...
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AP Biology
Daily Warm-up Friday, October 10th
Describe the Kreb’s Cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. How many ATP are
produced in each?
HW:
-Read 7.5 and finish cell respiration project
Turn in:
-Nothing
AP Biology
Today’s Task
Create a representation of cellular respiration in your own words Prezi Comic strip Story
15 points
Need glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and their details.
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Peep videoBioflix video on cell respirationCell respiration video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aZrkdzrd04
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Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
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Remember energy coupling?
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Yielding Energy Catabolic processes in the cell
Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
Both of these comprise cellular respiration
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How do we harvest energy from fuels? Digest large molecules into smaller ones
break bonds & move electrons from one molecule to another as electrons move they “carry energy” with them
e-
+ +e-
+ –loses e- gains e- oxidized reduced
oxidation reduction
redox
e-
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How do we move electrons in biology? Moving electrons in living systems
electrons cannot move alone in cells electrons move as part of H atom p
e
+
H
+H
+ –loses e- gains e- oxidized reduced
oxidation reduction
C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP+ + +
oxidation
reductionH e-
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Oxidation & reduction Oxidation
adding O removing H loss of electrons releases energy exergonic
Reduction removing O adding H gain of electrons stores energy endergonic
C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP+ + +
oxidation
reduction
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Moving electrons in respiration Electron carriers move electrons by
shuttling H atoms around NAD+ NADH (reduced) FAD+2 FADH2 (reduced)
+ Hreduction
oxidation
P
O–
O–
O
–O
P
O–
O–
O
–O
CC
O
NH2
N+
H
adenine
ribose sugar
phosphates
NAD+
nicotinamideVitamin B3niacin
P
O–
O–
O
–O
P
O–
O–
O
–O
CC
O
NH2
N+
HNADH
carries electrons as a reduced molecule
reducing power!
How efficient!Build once,use many ways
H
like $$in the bank
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Metabolism is tightly controlled
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Overview of Cellular Respiration 3 metabolic stages
Anaerobic respiration1. Glycolysis
respiration without O2
in cytosol
Aerobic respiration respiration using O2
in mitochondria
2. Krebs cycle
3. Electron transport chain
C6H12O6 6O2 ATP 6H2O 6CO2+ + + (+ heat)
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Step 1: Glycolysis Glucose (6C) is cleaved into 2
molecules of pyruvate (3C) Requires 2 ATP but produces 4 ATP 2 NAD+ are reduced to 2 NADH
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Glycolysis and Evolution Core process shared by all domains
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Next Step Anaerobic conditions- Fermentation
Makes 2 ATP
Aerobic conditions- Citric Acid Cycle aka Kreb’s Cycle
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Step II: Citric Acid Cycle Inner membrane of mitochondrion Pyruvate becomes acetyl CoA
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Step III: Oxidative Phosphorylation 2 steps
Electron Transport Chain Transfer of electrons Proteins embedded in
membrane Last transfer is to oxygen No ATP
Chemiosmosis ATP synthase
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Fermentation Anaerobic respiration
Electron transport chain does not use oxygen
Fermentation Extension of glycolysis Must recycle NADH back to NAD+
Done by transferring electrons to pyruvate (end product)
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Two Types of Fermentation Alcohol Fermentation
Pyruvate converted to ethyl alcohol CO2 produced
Bacteria and yeast
Lactic acid Fermentation Pyruvate reduced directly by NADH to
form lactic acid Fungi and bacteria
Cheese
Human muscle cells…