Inclusive and Sustainable Territorial Governance for Food Security: Sharing Lessons from Around the WorldILC Global Land Forum and Assembly of MembersAntigua, Guatemala, 23–27 April 2013

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ISBN: 978-92-95093-86-7

ILC Global Land Forum and Assembly of MembersAntigua, Guatemala, 23–27 April 2013

Inclusive and Sustainable Territorial Governance for Food Security: Sharing Lessons from Around the World

Gobernanza territorial inclusiva y sostenible

para la seguridad alimentaria

Asamblea de Miembros, 23-27 de abril de 2013Antigua, Guatemala

Comité Organizador Nacional

AcknowledgementsThe International Land Coalition (ILC) would like to thank all of the members, donors, and

partners whose support made the 2013 Global Land Forum and Assembly of Members

possible. In particular, we would like to offer special thanks to the National Organising

Committee in Guatemala, which helped to support the ILC Secretariat in the organisation of

the event. The committee was composed of the Asociacion Comité de Desarrollo Campesino

(CODECA), Comité Campesino del Altiplano (CCDA), Coordinacion de ONG y Cooperativas

(CONGCOOP), Unión Verapacense de Organizaciones Campesinas (UVOC), and Oxfam-

Guatemala, with the support of Patricia Castillo, Iliana Monterroso, Silvel Elias, and Pablo Prado.

ILC also extends its gratitude to the Government of Guatemala for welcoming ILC members

as guests in its country, and in particular to President Otto Pérez Molina, whose presence

as a speaker during the opening ceremony greatly elevated the stature of the conference.

ILC expresses its gratitude to Miguel Ángel Barcárcel, National Dialogue Coordinator of the

Presidency of Guatemala, Nelson Rafael Olivero, Consul of Guatemala in Rome, Axel López,

Secretary of Land Matters, Luis Enrique Monterroso, Secretary of Food Security and Nutrition,

and Elmer López Rodríguez, Minister of Food and Agriculture of Guatemala, for their sincere

engagement in organising this forum. Great appreciation goes also to Ernesto Sinopoli, FAO

Country Representative, and Joaquin Lozano, IFAD representative in Guatemala, as well as

Adrian Zapata and Benito Morales for the support they provided throughout the preparation

of the events.

ILC would like to thank the donors who financed the Global Land Forum and Assembly of

Members: the European Commission (EC), International Fund for Agricultural Development

(IFAD), Irish Aid, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Swedish

International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), and the Swiss Agency for Development

and Cooperation (SDC).

ContentsIntroduction 7

Opening and inaugural speeches 9

Inaugural speech – Otto Perez Molina, President of Guatemala 9

Remarks by the National Organising Committee 10

Address by Dr. Madiodio Niasse, Director, International Land Coalition 11

Ernesto Sinopoli, Official Representative of FAO, Guatemala 12

Address on behalf of IFAD’s President 13

Luc Gnacadja, Executive Secretary of UNCCD 14

Statement by the ILC Council – Didi Unu Odigie, LandNet West Africa 15

Keynote speeches 16

Rural Development Policy in Guatemala 16

Central America: land and rural dynamics in Honduras, Guatemala,

El Salvador, and Nicaragua 17

A perspective on today’s land challenges from a farmer’s organisation 18

Video contribution by the Special Rapporteur on Human Rights 19

Plenary sessions 20

ILC’s work with indigenous peoples: a need for a systematised approach 26

Roundtable debate: looking toward the future 35

Global Land Forum Outcome Document 37

Small-scale producers and family farmers 38

Human rights 39

Women’s land rights 39

Environment 39

Indigenous peoples 40

Effective land governance institutions for food security 40

Transparency and accountability 41

Guatemala 42

Marketplace of ideas and solutions 43

The Land Matrix: a global independent initiative for monitoring land deals 45

Building global momentum for securing Community Land Rights 45

Agro-forestry production systems, protected forests, native biodiversity,

organic production 46

Campaign for secure territories for communities in Peru 46

The struggle to defend the labour rights of families

working on Guatemala’s fincas 47

Strengthening municipalities on agrarian issues 47

Regional Caucuses 55

Africa 55

Non-Regional CSOs 56

Asia 56

Latin America and the Caribbean 57

Intergovernmental Organisation 58

Minutes of the 6th Assembly of Members (AoM) 59

Introduction 60

IFAD hosting of the ILC Secretariat 65

Membership analysis and appointment of new members 67

Election of the new ILC Council 70

Location of next AoM 71

Declaration of ILC members “Antigua Declaration” 72

Annex to the Declaration of ILC members 75

Knowing Guatemala: field visits 77

Field trip to sector Las Delicias, Santo Domingo, Suchitpéquez 77

Field trip to Lago Atitlan with the Comité Campesino del Altiplano (CCDA) 78

Sharing experiences with the Asociación Madre Tierra 79

Learning and building collective actions in the frame of ILC 81

Promoting gender justice 81

Achieving results through open knowledge

and communications advocacy tools 82

Brief outcomes of the evaluation

of the Global Land Forum and Assembly of Members 83

Annex 1: Agenda 86

Annex 2: List of participants 92

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Group photo of Global Land Forum participants

IntroductionOver the past decade, the International Land Coalition (ILC) has advanced its mission by

promoting secure access to land for rural people through capacity building, dialogue, and

advocacy. The shared vision of its 152 members is that secure and equitable access to land,

and control over land, reduce poverty and contribute to identity, dignity, and inclusion. ILC

strives to overcome any practices in its operations or those of its members that perpetuate

the marginalisation of any section of society, and in particular of women.

Every two years, ILC convenes an international forum on land with its members and related

stakeholders to enhance understanding of the complex and dynamic political, economic,

environmental, and societal linkages between land governance, food security, poverty, and

democracy. ILC’s ultimate objective is to mobilise its members and partners to influence land-

related policy and practice. In pursuit of this objective, the Coalition facilitates multi-stakeholder

processes in the search for people-centred responses to land governance challenges.

The Global Land Forum and Assembly of Members took place in April 2013 in Guatemala, in the

heart of Latin America, a region that has experienced radical transformation of its agricultural

sector and its rural landscapes. No region better epitomises inequalities in land access and

the intensity of disputes over land than Latin America; the region is also known for the

vigour of its peasant movements and the vibrancy of debates over land rights. Consequently,

Guatemala offered a unique opportunity for ILC members and partners to learn and to share

experiences and perspectives on emerging land governance issues.

The central focus of the 2013 Global Land Forum was territoriality, which combines concepts

of power, society, and space; the notion of territory combines social identification with space

and historical processes, intertwined with the economic, social, and cultural environment.

In the context of rapid and profound spatial transformation of the scale being witnessed in

The Global Land Forum 2013

explored the concept of territoriality

from many different angles.

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8The Mayan fire ceremony honours the four directions of the compass

Latin America, in emerging economies, and even the poorest countries, the complexity of

the land question cannot be fully understood if limited to consideration of the tenure rights

of individual households. Whether or not one enjoys legal or formal ownership rights over

the land as individual or common proprieties, communities or individual farm households

risk “de-territorialisation”, with alien groups of actors taking control of the territory and

administering it in ways that radically change modes of production, social relations, and living

conditions. The nature and magnitude of the change that is being experienced by millions of

smallholder producers and indigenous people around the world therefore reach far beyond

the rate of physical dispossession, the extent of landlessness, or trends in land concentration.

The forum addressed six themes: the future of family farming and the geopolitical economy

of food; effective governmental land institutions for food security; indigenous peoples’ rights

to land, territories, and resources; land grabbing and land access in small- and large-scale

agricultural production systems and the role of public and private investments; transparency,

accountability, and open development; and the environmental aspects of territorial disputes.

The Global Land Forum and Assembly of Members culminated in the approval of the Antigua Declaration by ILC members. The declaration recognises the need for land to be looked at

not just as a productive asset, but to be valued for the various functions that it performs,

including cultural, spiritual, and ecological functions; it highlights the fact that land is a means

of establishing the dignity and inclusiveness of people.

Mayan fire ceremonyTo open the Global Land Forum, the Unión Verapacense de Organizaciones Campesinas

(UVOC) held a Mayan fire ceremony. Conference participants gathered around an elaborate

fire with maize representing the four points of the compass, and received a blessing for

achieving a positive outcome for a just world that respects the land rights of indigenous

peoples and small-scale farmers.

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Otto Perez Molina, President of Guatemala

Opening and inaugural speechesInaugural speech – Otto Perez Molina, Constitutional President of GuatemalaOtto Perez Molina, Constitutional President of Guatemala, thanked ILC members for selecting

Guatemala as the location for this meeting, indicating that the event was an important one

for the Government of Guatemala. He welcomed the participants and expressed appreciation

for the opportunity to inaugurate the forum.

Reflecting upon the bloody and prolonged civil war in Guatemala and its dimensions of

land inequality, he noted the special relevance of the forum. He emphasised that the peace

agreements aim to resolve the historical and structural causes that provoked this 36-year

conflict. He underlined that the aim was not only the achievement of political peace, but the

creation of a holistic vision that would overcome the poverty, exclusion, and inequality in

the country to achieve sustainable peace. As a signatory to the peace agreements and part

of the commission that created them, President Molina highlighted his government’s “Zero

Hunger” campaign, an initiative that seeks to reduce the chronic malnutrition affecting more

than 45% of Guatemalan children under five. He noted that this can only be sustainable if

the poverty of rural families, especially of indigenous peoples, is permanently reduced, and

he posited that activating the National Policy on Integrated Rural Development, approved

in 2009, will contribute to this goal, and that this policy is now in full force.

Specifying some central elements of the policy, he said that an Office of Rural Development

will oversee its implementation and a Rural Development Cabinet will assist in ensuring

coherence in rural development policy. President Molina concluded by committing to

increase budgetary resources for the implementation of the policy.

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10Helmer Velasquez, CONGCOOP, Guatemala

Remarks by the National Organising Committee – Helmer Velasquez, CONGCOOP, GuatemalaMr. Velasquez began his speech by giving a brief overview of the historical context of the

political situation in Guatemala, noting that its people have a long history of fighting for social,

cultural, and economic rights. He specifically cited four recent heroes who have struggled for

land rights in Guatemala: Ramiro Choc, a Mayan (q’eqchi’) peasant leader who has been in

prison since 2008 for defending the lands of his ethnicity; Antonio Beb Ac and Adelina Caal

Maquín, two agrarian activists who were killed for defending their land rights in the Polochic

Valley; and Rubén Herrera, who was arrested on numerous charges in March 2013 for defending

Guatemalan natural resources and indigenous peoples, and in particular for his work resisting

the Hidralia Energy hydroelectric dam project.

Mr. Velasquez pointed out that 2013 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Jacobo

Árbenz Guzmán, Constitutional President of Guatemala during the 1950s. He was known

for launching agrarian reforms that benefited around 80,000 peasant families, though this

process ended with a coup d’état that drove him from power.

He spoke about the legacy of five centuries of colonialism that began in the 16th century,

which has resulted in the concentration of land ownership, with 2% of producers owning

70% of the productive land. Around three million Guatemalans have no access to land and

another three million have insufficient access.

Mr. Velasquez said that, although the President has approved the National Policy on Integrated

Rural Development, he had not seen efforts towards its implementation. He noted that one

way for the government to make tangible progress would be to give back land to families

evicted in the Polochic Valley.

Referring to the trial of former Guatemalan President Efraín Ríos Montt for genocide, he said

that this was an historic moment that may help the country to move forward on a democratic

path. He indicated that the most important commitment of his country should be to achieve

“pluri-cultural” democracy, which would represent a commitment to world peace.

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Madiodio Niasse, Director, International Land Coalition

Address by Dr. Madiodio Niasse, Director, International Land CoalitionDr. Madiodio Niasse, Director of the International Land Coalition, welcomed participants to

the Global Land Forum, which is the conference segment of the Coalition’s 6th Assembly of

Members. He observed that the presence of the Constitutional President of Guatemala and

other senior officials testified to the importance that the Government of Guatemala placed

on land issues and on the need to find viable solutions to land governance challenges.

Reflecting upon similar ILC events in Nepal in 2009 and in Albania in 2011, Dr. Niasse

underscored how these conferences have helped countries in difficult political situations

to improve tenure management and protect the rights of people. In Guatemala, much needs

to be done to improve access to land rights for the poor and for indigenous peoples, and

the Global Land Forum provided opportunities to learn more about Guatemala’s land-related

challenges and to share experiences from other countries.

Dr. Niasse emphasised that securing land rights for all, especially for the rural poor, the

landless, and women is an unparalleled means of achieving redistributive justice, especially

in agrarian economies. It helps mobilise investment, increase agricultural outputs, boost

trade, and accelerate the development of rural infrastructure, triggering a virtuous circle of

industrialisation, growth, and prosperity.

He asserted that there are no winners in unsettled land injustices, and that land reform and

land governance decisions are ultimately societal choices that should be made with public

support by all relevant stakeholder groups in order to succeed.

Dr. Niasse specified that, beyond questions of access to land by individual households and

communities, the fate of territories and the relationships between individuals and communities

should be given more attention. Efforts toward greater equity in land access should be coupled

with strengthening territories as units of self-governance, especially for indigenous peoples,

for whom territories form an integral part of their identities and livelihoods.

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12Ernesto Sinopoli, Official Representative of FAO, Guatemala

Ernesto Sinopoli, Official Representative of FAO, GuatemalaAs the Official Representative of FAO and its country representative for Guatemala, Ernesto

Sinopoli expressed gratitude to ILC for holding the Global Land Forum in Guatemala,

recognising that the country is part of a region that has experienced a radical transformation

of agrarian policy in recent decades.

Mr. Sinopoli emphasised that the Voluntary Guidelines on the Governance of Tenure (VGGT)

describe how these land transformation processes could be implemented, and that the

adoption of guidelines for large-scale land investments is a condition of their application. He

remarked that the VGGT also include guidelines on tenure, agrarian reform, and corruption,

and that their main objective is to achieve food security for all and progressive implementation

of the right to food.

Mr. Sinopoli asserted that the eradication of hunger and poverty and climate responsibility

depend in great measure on access to land; land tenure is an essential component of rural

development. Referring to Guatemala’s Zero Hunger campaign and the theme of land

institutions, he suggested that both are key elements of implementing an agrarian policy

that responds to a strategic vision.

In conclusion, Mr. Sinopoli voiced his hope that the forum would serve as a political space

to share lessons learned and would not be an isolated event but just the beginning of a

continuous process of development.

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Jean-Philippe Audinet, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

Address on behalf of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) President – Jean-Philippe Audinet, Co-Chair of the Coalition Council Jean-Philippe Audinet, representing the IFAD President, recalled that as the host of the

International Land Coalition and one of its founding members, IFAD is deeply committed to

supporting the Coalition’s work and mission, which is inextricably linked to IFAD’s mission of

enabling poor rural people to overcome poverty. He underlined that IFAD’s mission can only

be accomplished if there is secure and equitable access to and control over land.

Mr. Audinet acknowledged the connection between food security and land rights, and

confirmed IFAD’s support for ILC’s involvement in the International Year of Family Farming,

which was officially supported by the United Nations General Assembly.

Referring to IFAD’s first Indigenous Peoples Forum in February 2013, which brought together

indigenous peoples from around the world to discuss their interests and obtain a better

understanding of how IFAD can better serve their specific needs, Mr. Audinet highlighted

ILC’s concurrent efforts to engage with indigenous peoples and to define methods for

supporting their work on land issues.

He affirmed that IFAD and ILC have a synergistic relationship; as an independent entity, ILC

is able to work with civil society in a way that IFAD cannot, and in this way it is providing an

important service to the international community as an interface between governments,

intergovernmental agencies, and civil society. On behalf of IFAD, Mr. Audinet thanked the

Constitutional President of Guatemala for putting this conference high on his agenda.

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14Luc Gnacadja, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)

Luc Gnacadja, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) Luc Gnacadja, UNCCD Executive Secretary, opened his speech by suggesting that in this era,

agriculture has been completely transformed, with agricultural production being decoupled

from consumption and failures throughout the global market resulting in land degradation

worldwide. He also highlighted the rising pressure on agriculture and the fact that by 2030

the world will require 50% more food and will utilise 20% more water and 45% more energy.

Mr. Gnacadja stressed that neither land grabbing nor clearing forests should be an answer

to competing claims for land; on the contrary, efforts should focus on restoring degraded

lands, with the aim of becoming a “land degradation-free world”.

He underscored the enormity of the land degradation crisis, which is often overlooked; 2

million hectares of land are degraded and 20 billion metric tonnes of fertile soil are lost

annually, affecting a full 25% of people on the planet.

Mr. Gnacadja outlined the economic costs of land degradation: around 5% of agricultural

GDP worldwide is lost annually because of it, while in Guatemala the cost amounts to 24%

of agricultural GDP. As a consequence, he stressed that investing in land regeneration is a

smart long-term investment; the formation of one inch of soil may take decades, while one

flood can sweep away tonnes of fertile soil.

From Mr. Gnacadja’s perspective, land degradation is the result of policy and market failures

on a global scale, and actions to enhance land management and restore degraded soil need

to be implemented at the local level, in order to effectively eradicate poverty and to create

climate-resilient societies.

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Didi Unu Odigie, LandNet West Africa

Statement by the ILC Council – Didi Unu Odigie, LandNet West AfricaSpeaking on behalf of the ILC Coalition Council, Didi Unu Odigie pointed out that ILC has

become a voice that counts in global land governance arenas and a driving force for land

rights at local, regional, and national levels.

Mrs. Odigie emphasised that the endorsement of the Tirana Declaration at the ILC Assembly

of Members in May 2011 signalled a widening of consensus among members on land

governance issues. She said that ILC was well on its way to achieving the objectives set out

in the 2011–2015 Strategic Framework. In April 2011, in collaboration with more than 40

partner organisations, ILC launched the Land Portal (http://www.landportal.info), a point of

access to land-related information and news from reliable sources.

Mrs. Odigie remarked that notably in 2012 ILC launched an ambitious new plan for supporting

collaborative national engagement strategies in 14 countries, invested in creating the world’s

most extensive online public database on large-scale land deals, strengthened efforts as a

leading advocate for women’s land rights, and made a new commitment to help embattled

land rights defenders, who often suffer brutal retaliation for their work.

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16Jorge Morales, representing the Ministry of Agriculture (MAGA), Guatemala

Keynote speechesRural Development Policy in Guatemala – Jorge Morales, representing the Ministry of Agriculture (MAGA), GuatemalaJorge Morales, representing the Guatemalan Ministry of Agriculture (MAGA), said that his

office was promoting a government strategy to boost implementation of the Integrated

Rural Development Law, an initiative sponsored by the National Council of Urban and

Rural Development.

Reflecting upon the socio-economic and agrarian peace agreement that was signed in May

1996, he said that while successive governments have explored ways of making good on

these agreements, the current government has prioritised the issue seriously, in particular

by making implementation of the Integrated Rural Development Policy a priority.

Mr. Morales explained the “Two Doors” strategy of the Integrated Rural Development Policy.

Door one consists of promoting private investment in rural areas with strict criteria, including

respect for the rule of law, ensuring environmental sustainability, equitable distribution

of wealth, multiculturalism, open dialogue in seeking consent, and intergenerational

responsibility. Door two aims to foster development of the rural economy.

He said that the strategy assumes that the rural population is largely poor and indigenous

and has little chance of experiencing economic growth or benefiting from private investment,

but that the programme’s goal is to promote family farming and food security, ensuring the

annual reproductive cycle through increased technical innovation.

Mr. Morales asserted that the National Council of Urban and Rural Development is in the process

of creating a cabinet to coordinate the generation of policies relating to infrastructure, social policy,

economic policy, and agricultural policy, including the regulation of access and land conflicts.

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Eduardo Baumeister, independent expert

Central America: land and rural dynamics in Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua – Eduardo Baumeister, independent expertEduardo Baumeister, an independent expert, made a distinction between discussions

about agriculture and land in Central America, referring to this as “structural dualism”, which

differentiated between agricultural exports from large coffee, banana, and sugar plantations

and livestock on the one hand and the supply of the domestic market on the other. He

suggested that the connection between these two sectors is nowhere more pronounced

than in Central America.

Mr. Baumeister’s research shows that agricultural food imports in Central America have

grown concomitantly with agricultural exports, while basic grain production for meeting

domestic consumption decreased from 90% of needs in 1961 to 50–75% in 2009. He said

that this situation was exacerbated by the sharp increase of grain prices on the world

market over the past ten years, which had resulted in both increased exports and increased

imports. Mr. Baumeister stressed that the agricultural export sector does not create jobs, and

that smallholder production has remained steady, constituting approximately one-third of

employment in the region.

To illustrate the dramatic change in production systems, he noted that in Guatemala the

Polochic Valley was a high-performance area used for basic grain production, and used to

be considered the country’s bread-basket, with outputs three times the national average.

Since 2002, however, the Polochic Valley has been transformed into an area of sugar cane

production, which has generated conflicts with livestock farms and indigenous peoples.

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18Raquel Vasquez, Alliance of Rural Women, Guatemala

A perspective on today’s land challenges from a farmer’s organisation – Raquel Vasquez, Alliance of Rural Women, Guatemala

“It does not make sense to start talking about sustainable governance in countries where the

inequalities between the rich and the poor and between men and women are not addressed,”

stated Raquel Vasquez in opening her address.

Ms. Vasquez, from the Alliance of Rural Women in Guatemala, underscored that in Guatemala

80% of the land is in the hands of landlords, with 3.2% of farms occupying 75% of the land

area, while women possess only 11% of the land. She said that the government supports

monoculture production systems, which are increasingly resulting in the dispossession of

land for smallholder farmers and pollution of both land and water. She said that we were

witnessing a new boom in land grabbing.

Concerning the peace agreement signed in 1996, Ms. Vasquez said that not only have its

commitments not been fulfilled, but the government’s current policies are benefiting only

the interests of food companies, not those of poor people.

She noted that, although the government has recognised ILO Convention 169 on the rights

of indigenous peoples, it has not addressed it in any substantive way. In addition, she pointed

out that those who fight for fair access to land are often persecuted and arrested.

Food security cannot be discussed without talking about the equitable redistribution

of land. The “Two Doors” strategy is not the way to achieve food security. These policies

are merely palliative and do not address the redistribution of land. Moreover, there are

no policies, laws, or mechanisms in Guatemala that explicitly favour women or stipulate

their right to land.

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Mrs. Margaret Sekaggya, Special Rapporteur on Human Rights

Video contribution by Mrs. Margaret Sekaggya, Special Rapporteur on Human RightsMrs. Margaret Sekaggya, in a video presentation, expressed her appreciation to ILC for the

attention being given to human rights defenders at the Global Land Forum.

She emphasised that anyone can be a human rights defender, as long as they do it in a

peaceful way, either as a volunteer or as a professional. She said that land rights defenders

face intimidation, stigmatisation, physical threats, and even death, while both governments

and non-state actors often portray them as being linked to guerrilla groups.

Non-state actors, such as armed groups, transnational actors, or private security companies,

are responsible for most violations, she said, despite their responsibility to respect human

rights. In 2011, the UN Human Rights Council issued principles that provide guidance to

non-state and private actors in the protection of human rights.

Mrs. Sekaggya called attention to the fact that states have a duty to protect threatened

human rights defenders and also to prosecute those who threaten; however, many cases

are not properly investigated, and impunity remains.

She gave an overview of the national and regional institutions dedicated to protecting human

rights, including the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights, the African Commission on

Human and Peoples’ Rights, and programmes in Brazil, Guatemala, and Mexico.

Mrs. Sekaggya concluded by asserting that land rights defenders should be seen as key to

positive reform, and that public support for their efforts is crucial to their success.

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20Edwin Nerva, CARRD, Philippines

Plenary sessionsThe future of family farming and the geopolitical economy of foodThe aim of the session was to answer the following questions:

“What steps should be taken to enable small-scale food producers and family farmers to feed the

world in 2030? How can we strengthen their resilience in the face of the unequal competition in

global markets?”

Panellists presented concrete and positive examples of policy solutions, and addressed

the role that land issues play in family farming. This included reflection on some of the

following questions:

» How do land tenure and land use patterns (i.e. land concentration; monocultures vs.

small-scale mixed cropping/combined agroforestry; industrial agriculture; contract

farming) affect the food we produce and eat?

» What are the gendered aspects of food and land politics? How are women positioned

in family farming and in global food value chains?

» What are the positives that can be scaled up? What role can states, multilateral organisations,

financial institutions, and civil society play to strengthen local food systems? What role

should ILC and land-concerned organisations play?

The session exposed ILC members and partners to the current debate on food and trade;

gave value to and benefited from ILC members’ expertise on this topic; exposed international

financial institutions (IFIs), multilateral organisations, farmers’ organisations, and investors to

concerns expressed by land organisations and facilitated dialogue; identified clear linkages

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Hijaba Ykhanbai, Jasil, MongoliaSophia Murphy, IATP, United States

between the land rights policy agenda and the food policy agenda; and advanced ILC’s

understanding of the implications of the food trade on land governance.

There is growing consensus that food is the ultimate security challenge in the 21st century.

While farmland and freshwater resources are shrinking, the demand for food is rapidly

growing. The global population will level in the range of eight to ten billion people towards

the middle of the century, with significant changes in size and nature of per capita demand.

In this context there is no easy answer to the daunting question: who will feed the world?

This is indeed a central question for humanity as a whole, but also for each nation – rich

or poor — and for each household, rural or urban. If some consider the current context a

challenge, others see opportunities – higher food prices, higher value of land, etc. States,

private transnational companies, and small farmers engage in an intensified and unequal

borderless competition to take advantage of the opportunities, secure their food supplies,

or fight for their survival. High volatility in food prices, for example, has triggered a surge in

land acquisitions by sovereign funds and investors in the rural South.

While the global market seems unregulated, disorganised, and unable to respond to the

growing demand for food, a new food trade order is still to emerge. A central question,

particularly ahead of the International Year of Family Farming in 2014, is how can governments

ensure that their policies and practices enable family farmers and small-scale producers to

play a central role in meeting food security challenges in the coming decades? How can we

prevent family farmers and small-scale producers becoming victims of the new geopolitics

of food and compete on an equal footing? How can states, multilateral organisations, and

IFIs contribute to reducing or preventing the dispossession of small-scale producers and the

reduction of their capacity to produce food?

Critical decisions on land governance, including choices over land use, crops, seeds, and

farming systems, as well as contractual arrangements between small-scale farmers and

other market actors, often happen largely beyond the range of influence of national political

communities and governments – not to mention local land users’ communities. Major

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22Sergio Coronado, CINEP, Colombia Luca Miggiano, ILC Secretariat

transnational agribusiness companies have consolidated their position vis-a-vis small-scale

holders and producers. Global markets shape local food systems and land users’ livelihoods,

with an impact on food quality and diversity. Rural landscapes, social contexts, and territories –

in the North as well as in the South – have changed. How can states, multilateral organisations,

and IFIs support territorial-scale land tenure and production systems to build on their

uniqueness and provide quality food for the world? What investments and regulatory

frameworks are needed?

Conclusions » The session reaffirmed the importance that natural resources and legal access to land,

water, the environment, and seeds have for small-scale food producers and family

farmers, and this needs to be recognised. Farmers’ organisations, women, and indigenous

peoples need to be given support to strengthen their efforts. When these key stakeholder

groups are empowered, their active engagement can ensure that governments do not

implement policies contrary to their interests.

» In value chains, efforts should be made to ensure that any added value created by farmers

remains in farmers’ hands, by encouraging the establishment of cooperatives and by

defending the rights of people to produce their own food, not to have their production

supplanted by imports.

» Despite their current neglect, family farmers continue to produce approximately 70% of the

world’s food supply, while conserving biodiversity, nourishing the planet, and sustaining

local knowledge. Farmers should be accompanied in their efforts to maintain these

traditions, to promote local and regional markets, and to develop strategic food reserves.

» Life in rural areas encompasses more than agriculture, and thus comprehensive agrarian

reform should include provisions for health care and plans for a robust educational system.

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Luca Miggiano, ILC Secretariat

Effective governmental land institutions for food security: special focus on GuatemalaThe increasing demand for participation in land governance by diverse, and sometimes

conflicting, interests presents multi-faceted challenges in building institutions for territorial

governance. Global benchmarks are now emerging, such as the Voluntary Guidelines on

Responsible Governance of Tenure (VGGT), but these demand effective institutions and

competencies of central and local governmental organisations. Land institutions need to be

equipped for managing this growing difficulty surrounding control over natural resources,

especially in the case of land and water.

The reason why this theme is central to Guatemala is the reorientation and adaptation of

governmental institutions governing land and agriculture and the will to make space during

the Global Land Forum to share experiences and give useful feedback from other regional

contexts and experiences.

The session aimed at generating new thinking around the role of the state for building an

enabling environment to achieve food security. Effective and incisive institutions as well as

responsible institutions governing land are crucial to this task, but very challenging to create.

In fact, power asymmetries in society are reflected in the way that the state organises its own

institutions to provide public services, priorities of action, and resource allocation.

How can governmental institutions innovate and effectively share power in governing such

complexity? How can participation, equity, and growth become the pillars of successful

governmental institutions? What are the obstacles and how can these be removed for

inclusive and sustainable development? These are the main questions the panel on land

institutions addressed.

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24Ester Obaikol, Uganda Land Alliance, Uganda

Conclusions » The Secretary of Land Matters described the performance of his institution in dealing

primarily with land conflicts in Guatemala. Thelma Cabrera from CODECA suggested that

the government is subservient to agribusiness and that the peasant movement has been

criminalised. Both the representatives from Guatemala, the government minister and the

farmers’ leader, explicitly pointed out that powerful adversaries are able to oppose any

changes that would address the structural inequalities in land distribution, and conflicts

are taken as a matter of fact.

» The example of Brazil shows that profound changes begin with a paradigm shift that

provides solutions based on a holistic approach to land, territory, and family farming that

addresses inequality and sees development as instrumental to broader economic growth.

New institutions that respond to differentiated needs of women, farmers, and indigenous

peoples have been established, and the government has established a programme

that purchases 30% of smallholder production through governmental channels. At the

territorial level, efforts have been made to build space for multi-stakeholder dialogue

on political issues. Nonetheless, poverty and inequality persist, and Brazil continues

to explore other avenues for consolidating its path towards sustainable development.

» In Europe, concepts of private property and land tenure have been developed through

social consensus and public legitimisation since the feudal era, and fiscal policies have

also come to be strongly related to land matters. Although significant land concentration

is taking place in Europe, public policies continue to support family agriculture, while

productivity has increased considerably, which has benefited not only the rural population

but also society as a whole.

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Enrique Pantoja, World Bank Marta Fraticelli, AGTER, France

» The World Bank has shifted its emphasis away from land titling to supporting improved

land governance, including development that takes into account cultural identity,

applies territorial approaches, and attempts to support the coordination of multi-sectoral

interventions. Supporting states with imperfect and evolving institutional frameworks

has posed risks and opportunities, as often there is no willingness to link land titling to

a broader strategy of rural development.

» The case of Uganda demonstrates how new land institutions can be created as a result

of active citizen engagement. Civil society representatives in Uganda worked together

for more than a decade to define their positions and to engage with the government,

which ultimately resulted in the recent approval of a new land law; 80% of civil society

positions were ultimately incorporated into the law.

» Institutions derive their success from a political paradigm; the examples of Brazil and

Europe show that focusing on small-scale and family agriculture contributes to poverty

reduction and labour force absorption, while achieving an urban/rural balance and

building sustainable territories.

» Civil society organisations (CSOs) and citizenship-led initiatives can achieve successful

results by working with a cohesive voice based on evidence, in a long-term and

collaborative process that involves the government.

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26Keshab Prasad Dahal, ABHIYAN Nepal Cristina Ardon, CCDA, Guatemala

Whose territory? Indigenous peoples’ rights to land, territories, and resourcesThe UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, along with ILO Convention No. 169,

recognises the individual and collective rights of indigenous peoples to the lands, territories,

and resources that they have traditionally occupied. However, in many parts of the world,

indigenous peoples rights to land, territories, and resources remain unrecognised by states,

leading to dispossession and alienation, environmental degradation, and loss of traditional

knowledge and food security. There is thus a need to seek appropriate responses to the

following central questions: How can we protect and secure the rights of indigenous peoples

to their lands, territories, and resources? Are government institutions able to adequately ensure

consultation, participation, and consent of IPs in decisions on land issues? Are indigenous

women and men able to participate equally in land governance? Are indigenous land rights

defenders assisted, protected, and defended? Can traditional knowledge concerning natural

resource management be used to inspire a new set of land policies for broader groups of users?

ILC’s work with indigenous peoples: a need for a systematised approachAs a membership organisation, ILC bases its actions on the priorities of its members, one

of which is securing indigenous peoples’ rights to lands and to their ancestral territories.

Several ILC members are doing valuable work towards achieving these objectives, both on

the ground and by engaging in advocacy work to influence national laws and international

policy processes. Despite a growing constituency of indigenous peoples’ organisations

and organisations that support them, ILC as a network has never systematised its work to

specifically address indigenous peoples’ rights.

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Cristina Ardon, CCDA, Guatemala Elías Silvel, University of San Carlos, Guatemala

In response, the Coalition has initiated a process to consult members and identify effective

approaches and methodologies that can promote and respect the rights of indigenous

peoples in their struggle for lands, territories, and natural resources.

This session represented an opportunity for inter-regional sharing of experiences among

members and to jointly define priorities and identify activities and methods of using the

ILC network and resources to support IPs’ rights to lands, territories, and natural resources at

local, national, and international levels.

Conclusions » The International Labour Organization’s Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (C169)

defines indigenous peoples as the holders of collective rights. Indigenous peoples are

disproportionally represented amongst the rural poor, accounting for a full one-third of

this group, although they constitute only 5% of the world population. Most indigenous

peoples are strongly tied to the land and territories they occupy, and consequently

access to land is a matter of life and death.

» Indigenous peoples and pastoralists in Cameroon and India share many traditions and

experiences. Pastoralists in both countries typically follow migration routes that extend more

than 2,000km and cross diverse areas. Often their practices are considered to be backward

and in opposition to development, and customary institutions are facing erosion. Large-

scale development projects, including mining, are increasing the pressure on their lands.

» The adoption of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007 was

a major breakthrough, complemented by the establishment of regional institutions

and instruments that were created to protect human rights. Despite these positive

developments, human rights defenders continue to face violent repression.

» A survey among ILC members found that an overwhelming 86% of respondents supported

ILC working on indigenous peoples as a specific theme, which will serve to further unite

ILC members. This work could include advocacy, capacity building, and monitoring, but

should not be less ambitious than the standards set by C169.

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28Michael Taylor, ILC Secretariat

Land grabbing and land access in small- and large-scale agriculture production systems, and the role of public and private investmentsLarge-scale land-based investments and acquisitions – often also referred to as “land grabbing”

– have been on the rise since 2008 and have reanimated the debate around land and investment

in agriculture. The intense interest that this topic has aroused has allowed areas of consensus and

difference to become clearer, as well as illuminating areas in which further debate is required.

The Tirana Declaration of ILC members at the 5th Assembly of Members in 2011 defined

broad agreement on what land grabbing is, and that it should be avoided. Furthermore,

there is no real disagreement on the need for investment in land and agriculture. This

opens up a series of questions that remain to be answered: Investment by whom and

under which conditions can contribute to eliminating rural poverty? What are the lessons

learned from business models such as outgrower schemes, joint ventures, etc. with respect

to local territorial visions? What can we learn from Latin America for building an enabling

environment for increased investment in small-scale agriculture, and for responding to

large-scale investment offers? What is the impact of land-related large-scale agricultural

investments on small-scale agriculture?

This is a topic that is of concern to many ILC members, but at the same time one on which a

range of perspectives exists within the Coalition. This session provided a platform for these

diverse perspectives to be discussed in a constructive manner. The questions around which

the panel was structured were framed to avoid repetitive, polarised, and entrenched position-

taking. Through a vigorous discussion, these questions enabled members to identify areas of

possible consensus and ways in which ILC can continue to be fruitfully engaged.

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Ward Anseeuw, CIRAD, France Laura Hurtado, Oxfam-GuatemalaMichael Taylor, ILC Secretariat

Conclusions » This an era of profound transformation of agrarian societies, not only in terms of land

grabbing, but in terms of the entire value chain and within property rights systems. The

transformation is marked by both large-scale land acquisitions (or “land grabbing”) and

“production grabbing”, i.e. the integration of finance and non-agribusiness actors into

the agricultural value chain.

» The consequences of these developments are that agriculture is becoming an economic sector

like any other, in which food security or food sovereignty does not matter, with parallel and

closed value chains that involve actors that are external to agriculture and the concentration

of control of the entire agricultural sector in the hands of a small number of actors. Farmers

are being transformed into service providers with no voice in decision-making.

» This situation was precipitated by four elements: the failure to acquire secure land

rights; the failure of effective development governance; deregulation, liberalisation, and

globalisation of agricultural markets; and the perceived crisis of family farming.

» Many small-scale farmers have managed to maintain their position by creating

cooperatives. Civil society in the Philippines blocked the Land Acquisition Law and also

obtained some measure of success in helping indigenous peoples, as some had been

excluded from state forestry land.

» The first reports published on land grabbing typically argued that increased investment

was needed in agriculture, but that certain safeguards must be met. Most of these have

been included in the VGGT.

» Research can help to calculate the real cost of conversion of land from one use to another,

such as converting smallholder agriculture or forests into sugar cane plantations.

» Some countries, such as Bolivia, face difficulty in articulating land policies that complement

food production policies at the family farm level.

» In order for the G8’s transparency initiative to have positive impacts, industry and civil

society should join governments at the table.

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30Jeanne Amelie Gertrude Razafindrahasy, FIANTSO, Madagascar Zully Morales, CONGCOOP, Guatemala

» New and legal forms of land grabbing are taking place in Guatemala under the auspices

of the new land titling rules; in Petén, a pilot area for land titling, nearly 50% of land

parcels have changed hands.

» Family agriculture can provide food security to a nation. This occurs in many countries,

including in France.

» Disincentives, including financial mechanisms, could be established to inhibit the

concentration of land in the hands of the few.

» The profile of communal land issues should be raised on the international agenda.

» Policies at local level, such as the governance of land titling, should be reviewed.

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Zully Morales, CONGCOOP, Guatemala

Transparency, accountability, and Open DevelopmentThis session of the 2013 Global Land Forum analysed the opportunities and challenges of

transparency and accountability related to development projects, advocacy processes, policy,

and dialogue in land governance, with the Open Development conceptual framework as

the main implementation methodology.

There is a common belief that transparency and accountability are beneficial to advocacy

processes. Open Development is, by definition, “connecting open knowledge and international

development” and ”working for inclusive openness through action and advocacy” (Tim

Davies, Open Development Working Group of the Open Knowledge Foundation (OKFN)).

The main goal of this session was to provide participants with real-world knowledge of how

transparency, accountability, and Open Development can be implemented and integrated

in advocacy. The panellists illustrated case examples of initiatives linked to transparency,

accountability, and Open Data that have had a particularly important impact on how land

has been governed.

Conclusions » Maps are useful tools for sensitising people to information. Results show that digital

platforms are reaching people, and that farmers are already using the Open Development

Cambodia platform and downloading maps.

» CONGCOOP is making important efforts through a project to make budget information

widely available.

» IBC Peru is mapping indigenous peoples and campesino communities, whose presence is

not reflected in official maps. These maps are being distributed among affected communities

and urban areas, creating greater awareness of the stakes of territorial control.

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32Odenda Lumumba, Kenya Land Alliance (KLA), Kenya

» The World Bank Inspection Panel is an independent complaints mechanism for people

who believe that they have been affected by a World Bank-funded project. The Panel

provides for accountability through assessment of the Bank’s compliance with operational

policies. The process is designed to provide redress to affected people and address issues

of policy non-compliance and harm.

» If there is a lack of official data that can support the land rights of indigenous peoples,

small-scale farmers, women, and other stakeholder groups, it is the responsibility of ILC

and its members to create this data and to make it publicly available.

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Felicien Kabamba Mbambu, CODELT, DRC

Environmental aspects of territorial disputesAt the same time that large swathes of the world are experiencing a wave of intensified

commercial demand for land and natural resources, a strong counter-current can be observed

for conservation and other related initiatives (payment for ecosystem services, carbon

sequestration, and ecotourism, among others) aimed at both recognising and protecting

the value of the world’s resources.

Forests and drylands constitute over 40% of the earth’s surface and hold nearly 70% of global

carbon. More than being just carbon sinks and important ecosystem service providers, they

are home to hundreds of millions of people, of whom approximately 60 million are indigenous

peoples. Ownership over a majority of this land remains contested, and this insecurity is a

key driver of ongoing deforestation and land degradation.

International environmental institutions and frameworks (such as the Convention on Biological

Diversity (CBD), the IUCN World Parks Congress, and the United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change (UNFCCC)) have proved crucial to enabling and structuring new “green”

market opportunities and conservation practices. In some cases, these have involved the

alienation of land, and in others the restructuring of rules in the access, use, and management

of resources. Conservation organisations are often blamed for lacking understanding of the

fundamental legal frameworks on land. On the other hand, such institutions and frameworks

might provide opportunities for securing land rights. It is increasingly recognised that, when

properly implemented, Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD)

projects can play an important role in helping to clarify land tenure arrangements, resolve

land use conflicts, and help secure land rights for communities. Progress is also being made

on linking the work on tenure under REDD with the implementation of the VGGT. CBD article

8j on traditional knowledge, innovation, and practices is being used successfully to stop

mining projects in areas of high biodiversity under the stewardship of indigenous peoples.

Sergio Zelaya, UNCCD

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34Jacqueline Dacosta, CULMN, Jamaica Alancay Morales Garro, FPP, Costa Rica

This session brought together intergovernmental organisations that are directly involved

in the negotiation of international environmental policies and frameworks and grassroots

organisations working with communities directly affected by changes in their environment.

It attempted to generate understanding of how the increasing demand for land and natural

resources for conservation and other environmental ends is creating both threats and

opportunities for territorial governance and environmental stewardship. It considered ways

of taking advantage of institutional spaces at a global level, and of new alliances across

actor networks and interest groups, to build synergies and to prioritise the recognition of

communities’ rights to access and manage their resources.

Conclusions » FPP Costa Rica presented its experience with the massive occupation of indigenous

peoples’ land, which includes little progress on land titling and significant negative impacts

with regard to water access and deforestation; the intended benefits of international

agreements and opportunities, including REDD, do not reach these peoples.

» CODELT indicated that in the DRC the creation of national parks has led to expropriation

of land without compensation, dispersion of communities, and cultural alienation.

» FES India described its experiences in reclaiming communal land; challenges include

successfully promoting traditional practices of territorial management before they are lost.

» Decentralisation of efforts is necessary, while recognising the changing mind set towards

the role of communities in ecosystem management.

» National institutional frameworks are necessary for ensuring the territorial rights of

communities, while existing international institutional frameworks should be utilised

more extensively.

» Strategic alliances need to be strengthened in order to be able to bring these issues

to the forefront at the global level. The debate on post-2015 sustainable development

goals is an opportunity for this to happen. Accessing international funds in a sustainable

way remains a challenge.

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Alancay Morales Garro, FPP, Costa Rica

Roundtable debate: looking toward the futureTaking into account the discussions of the previous two days, a diverse set of experts and

stakeholders debated forward-looking strategies for achieving progress on the themes of

the conference. Panellists were charged with evaluating if this event had changed the way

their stakeholder group would work on these issues and if certain issues had presented

challenges or resulted in a shift in focus.

Moni Rowshan Jahan from ALRD, Bangladesh emphasised that land is a high-level political

issue that requires high-level engagement, but working with the government remains a

challenge. ALRD’s work has changed as a result of the elevation of land issues on a national

scale, and now encompasses more than solely conflicts between landlords and farmers. She

suggested that human rights defenders need capacity building and more support at both

national and international levels. Moreover, ILC should focus more on the land rights of

minorities, not only indigenous peoples, and stakeholders need to be constantly engaged

in policy processes and in strengthening regional processes.

Ernesto Sinopoli of FAO pointed out that the VGGT are helping to make progress, and

that during this period a series of opportunities are converging and creating a favourable

environment for family farming. In order to take advantage of this, however, land issues

must be framed within a programme to demonstrate how overcoming questions of land

governance can contribute to national wealth. In the short term, state-sponsored intervention

on behalf of vulnerable families is critical. In the mid-term, working together with governments

and organisations that see the VGGT as a good alternative to create commitment for securing

tenure will become more important. Helping grassroots organisations to gain political strength

is also important. In Guatemala, peasant organisations are very divided, and thus there is a

need to agree on a common agenda and to take advantage of opportunities.

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36Margareta Nilsson, SIDA, Sweden Daniel Pascual, Via Campesina, Guatemala

Margareta Nilsson from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida)

suggested that compliance with what has already been agreed in international conventions

is the first priority. Consistency is also a priority, combined with the need to work at local,

national, and global levels. Locally, promoting better empowerment of people is important.

Nationally, dialogue between conflicting parties is crucial. Globally, the aim is to better identify

the added value that partners can bring, to learn and coordinate between each other, and

also to be more creative in the implementation of the VGGT. Investments are needed to face

the challenges of food security and climate change. Everybody has a role, but there is a need

to create strong partnerships with equal roles.

Madiodio Niasse, Director of the ILC Secretariat, noted that the purpose of the Global Land

Forum was an important one that must be continued, as it included a clear process with

multi-stakeholder consultation and outreach to governments. Substantively, this is a new

era in which trade rules were designed for a world of food abundance, but the paradigm of

the 1980s is no longer working. Each country must now define its own food security strategy.

Is transparency the solution or is something else needed? Is it enough to promote land

governance? It is important to find the answer within ILC. The value of land has increased,

intensifying competition for its acquisition. International players are also now more active

than in the past. A solution must be found in the countries that are the source of elevated

competition for access to land. This means that ILC also needs to mobilise in the global North,

and not only find solutions in targeted countries.

Daniel Pascual from Via Campesina Guatemala said that the real struggle was for agrarian

reform, food sovereignty, and agro-ecology for families and communities, which includes

consideration of the consequences for territories, not only for food production. Land should

be redistributed to indigenous peoples as a model of development based on sustainable food

production systems, while agro-ecology provides a model for reducing climate change. IFIs

and IGOs have a responsibility to stop land grabbing, and the EU and the United States must

stop subsidising agrofuels. Family farming is not the only solution to feeding the country;

community and territorial systems should also be supported.

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Daniel Pascual, Via Campesina, Guatemala Iris Krebber, DFID, UK

Global Land Forum Outcome DocumentThe Global Land Forum, held in Antigua, Guatemala on 23–24 April 2013, brought together

273 representatives from 47 countries in Latin America, North America, Africa, Asia, and

Europe, representing farmers, indigenous peoples, women’s organisations, NGOs, research

centres, trade unions, multilateral institutions, and government representatives, including

at the highest level for Guatemala.

The Forum was jointly hosted by the Asociacion Comité de Desarrollo Campesino (CODECA),

Comité Campesino del Altiplano (CCDA), Coordinación de ONG y Cooperativas (CONGCOOP),

Unión Verapacense de Organizaciones Campesinas (UVOC), Oxfam-Guatemala, and the

International Land Coalition (ILC).

The Forum convened to debate and advance a common understanding of the complex and

dynamic political, economic, environmental, and societal linkages between land governance,

food security, poverty, and democracy, noting that land rights are critical to meeting challenges

such as territorial development, environmental stewardship, climate change, food security,

responsible investment, peace-building, and indigenous peoples’ self-determination.

Vibrant discussions and debates revealed a range of perspectives, and convergence around

several important issues, including the following:

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38Janet Gunter, Rizominha.net Duncan Pruett, Oxfam

Small-scale producers and family farmersThe Forum noted that climate change, food price volatility, competition for land and water,

and competition to meet the demands of fast-growing urban food markets are increasing

uncertainty for food producers. Agrarian societies are profoundly affected by corporate

interests, external to local territories, taking control of land, productive resources, and food

value chains, and thus marginalising small-scale producers and family farmers.

Participants noted that equitable access to land (including through redistribution or restitution)

and tenure security are the first necessary conditions for small-scale producers and family

farmers to ensure food security. This is particularly important considering the continued

prevalence of land grabbing by foreign actors, national elites, and within families. At the heart

of empowering small-scale producers and family farmers are the development of strong

organisations, especially of women producers, and their economic and political empowerment.

In addition, Forum participants strongly agreed on the need for more investment in, and

supportive policies for, small-scale producers and family farming – a perspective also reflected

in the Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure, the UN declaration of 2014

as the International Year of Family Farming, and the ongoing development of the Declaration

on Peasant Rights.

Actions and policies to strengthen small-scale producers and family farmers include:

» Building a body of evidence regarding the ability of small-scale producers and family

farmers to feed themselves, their communities, and their nations;

» Development of public policies, including for targeted subsidies, public purchase of

food, development of infrastructure and services in poor rural areas, development of

food reserves, and fiscal disincentives against land concentration;

» Development of policies and programmes that enable small-scale producers and family

farmers to invest in their own farms, associations, and cooperatives to increase land and

labour productivity, including through agro-ecology; to access markets on better terms;

and to strengthen resilience to climate volatility.

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Terry Parnell, Open Development, Cambodia Ward Anseeuw (CIRAD), Harold Liversage (IFAD) and Steven Jonckheere (IFAD)Duncan Pruett, Oxfam

Human rightsThe Forum agreed that human rights are integral to land governance and are not negotiable.

In many cases, states fail to fulfil their obligations to protect, respect, and promote human

rights related to land. Human rights defenders play a critical role in defending land rights

and making land institutions accountable. They face harassment, criminalisation, torture,

and murder with impunity by more powerful actors, including administrative and judiciary

authorities, paramilitary groups, and corporations – not least in the Forum’s host country

Guatemala, and especially in the Polochic Valley. This is unacceptable.

Women’s land rightsThe voice of women was heard strongly at the Forum. Participants stressed that women

producers are central to small-scale agriculture. Recognition of this role, of women’s rights

to access, control, and own land, and their rights as equal citizens ultimately enable women’s

economic empowerment and equal participation in decision-making.

The Forum noted that in Guatemala, despite the central role of women in agriculture, only

3% are paid the minimum wage. This undermines food security and rural development. The

Forum agreed that if we are to achieve transformation in women’s economic empowerment

and poverty reduction, women’s contribution to agriculture must be made visible and must

be reflected in national budgets.

EnvironmentThe integral value of the environment to food security of the poor and of women in particular

was recognised. Participants voiced concerns about threats arising from commercial pressures

on land and from conservation approaches that ignore people’s rights to land and natural

resources. These result in the marginalisation and exclusion of small-scale farmers, and the

degradation of natural resources. The Forum was concerned about the dominant world view

which alienates people from the environment and relies solely on markets.

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40Sabine Pallas (ILC Secretariat) with Gladman Kundhlande (SAFIRE, Zimbabwe)

There is an urgent need to work together to secure community land rights, in particular to

the commons. Access to and local control over land can contribute to reducing poverty

and ensuring environmental sustainability. The Forum stressed the need to ensure that

international agreements do not disenfranchise the poor. It highlighted the need to assist

local communities, CSOs, and governments in recognising existing customary rules of access,

sharing, control, and ownership of land and water, and developing appropriate frameworks

for improved local governance.

Indigenous peoplesThe Forum strongly reaffirmed ILO Convention 169, the UN Declaration on the Rights of

Indigenous Peoples, and Sec. 8j of the Convention on Biodiversity, which recognise that

respect for indigenous knowledge and cultures contributes to sustainable and equitable

development and management of the environment.

The Forum noted the necessity for effective and efficient support to indigenous communities

in their struggle for land and territorial rights and the protection of their environment at

country and regional levels. The Forum recognised the extreme vulnerability of indigenous

peoples to land grabbing, forced relocation, and criminalisation of traditional occupations,

particularly in a context of extractive industries, establishment of conservation areas, and

concessions for commercial agriculture.

Effective land governance institutions for food securityLand governance requires attention to laws and policies, the implementation of those policies,

engagement with citizens, and conflict management. Good land governance can contribute

to food security, especially in conjunction with attention to agricultural productivity and rural

development, including infrastructure development, water, technology, trade policy, equitable

market access, and risk management. Many governments lack the capacity to address this

complexity. Even within the land sector, cadastres and land registries are often out of date

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Teodoro Juracan Cor, CCDA, GuatemalaMeeting of ILC Strategic Partners

and do not cover much of the area, and communal lands, common property, and women’s

land rights are not adequately recognised or protected.

Strengthening governmental capacity in these areas is essential, but there is also an important

role for civil society to help shape and implement appropriate policies. Adopting community-

based approaches can contribute to effective land governance. The Forum noted that ILC

can play an important role in fostering collaboration between the state and civil society,

and sharing experiences across countries on strategies that contribute to equitable and

productive land use.

Transparency and accountabilityThe lack of transparency related to decision-making over land allocations and transfers

seriously undermines land governance and can put people’s livelihoods and land rights

in jeopardy. By contrast, timely access to this information empowers people and keeps

governments and investors accountable.

While there is an increasing amount of “unmediated” data available on land deals,

participants noted that budget information is hard to access, spatial data is usually last

to be released, and terms of land investments are hardly ever revealed. The experiences

shared by participants showed how data can be assembled and leveraged to empower

people and communities to claim their rights and engage in policy dialogue.

The Forum also noted that UN treaties, safeguarding policies of development finance

institutions, and other standards can potentially increase accountability. However, gaps and

deficiencies persist in how these instruments address land rights. Documenting land rights,

in particular community land rights, supporting participatory monitoring of human rights

standards, agricultural budgets, and public data initiatives are all critical to hold government,

local elites, and the private sector to account.

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42Otto Perez Molina (President of Guatemala), Jinnah I Mobin Shah (CDA, India) and Mardha Tillah (RMI, Indonesia)

GuatemalaThe President of the Republic of Guatemala stated his government’s intention to push for the

approval of the Rural Development Law and for adequate budgeting for it. Civil society has

long called for these measures as necessary to overcome poverty and exclusion, which have

been deepened by land grabbing related to extractive industries, extensive monoculture, and

commercialisation of natural resources. Such land grabbing has generated social conflicts

and violence and has criminalised those defending their territories. Participants called for

recognition and promotion of human rights, especially the right to food, the rights of rural

women, and land rights. Furthermore, they noted that policies such as “Hambre Cero” (“Zero

Hunger”) and the promotion of family farming should be implemented with transparency,

democracy, and sustainability. This requires assuring the consultation and participation of

civil society and campesino and indigenous peoples’ organisations in decision-making, and

in the monitoring of enforcement and results.

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and solutionsThis was a public space where ILC members had the opportunity to showcase innovative

practices, tools, and approaches with a high potential for scaling up. For three hours in the

morning of 25 April, Global Land Forum participants had the chance to see first-hand some

of the most interesting projects undertaken by ILC members and to exchange ideas for their

further development.

The marketplace was held in the courtyard of the Porta Hotel, with a positive spirit of discovery

and engagement. In a relaxed atmosphere, people moved from stand to stand and discussed

the diverse efforts being made to achieve secure and equitable access to land. It proved to

be a fruitful networking experience that was highly appreciated by participants.

Participants

» ASODET Guatemala (Ángel Iván Yoc Gómez): Agro-forestry production systems, protected

forests, native biodiversity, organic production

» CCDA (Cristina Ardon): Transforming farmers into agents of change

» CGIAR/CAPRi (Quinn Bernier): A Practitioner’s Sourcebook of lessons learned from rigorous

research on property rights for application by development and research organisations

» CODECA (Leiria Vay García): The struggle to defend the labour rights of families working

on Guatemala’s fincas

» FAO/IFAD (Jean-Maurice Durand): The Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance

of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security

» IBC (Miluska Carhuavilca): Campaign for secure territories for communities in Peru

» JASIL (HIjaba Ykhanbai): Community-based co-management of pasture land and

empowering of pastoral communities

OUR VISION

The Land Matrix is a global and independent land monitoring

initiative. Our goal is to develop and nurture an open development

community promoting transparency for land deals, where affected

communities, researchers, policy-makers and technologists can

mutually benefit and collaborate to improve land governance.

We support the establishment of Land Observatories, interactive

platforms that provide a ground-level view of land-based

investments that concentrate on a specific area of interest:

Global Observatory (www.landmatrix.org)

Transnational data and visualisations

National Observatories

Data from five pilot countries: - Cambodia,

Laos, Madagascar, Peru and Tanzania

Thematic Observatories

Data from rangelands, including traditional patterns of drylands

management and pastoralism

Regional Observatories

Currently in development in Africa in collaboration with the Land

Policy Initiative of the United Nations Economic Commission for

Africa (UNECA)

The Land Matrix is facilitated by a partnership of organisations

with an interest in promoting transparency and accountability in

decisions over land and investment through open data. It aims to

provide a permanent observatory to which any user can contribute

information.

AN

OPEN COMMUNITY FOR

TRANSPARENCYON

LAND

Land Matrixwww.landmatrix.org

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44ALPFG Scorecard: ILC Africa contribution

» Land Matrix (Silvia Forno): The Land Matrix: a global independent initiative for monitoring

land deals

» Land Portal (Fillipo Brasesco): Connecting people, sharing knowledge: the one-stop-

shop for land information

» LANDESA (Bee Wuethrich): Focus on Land in Africa (FOLA)

» Mercy Corps Guatemala (Miguel Arnoldo Balán Tení): Strengthening municipalities on

agrarian issues

» Namati (Rachael Knight): Community Land Protection Program

» Oxfam (Duncan Pruett): International campaigning to stop land grabs

» RISD/ILC Africa (James Daale): ALPFG Scorecard: ILC Africa contribution

» RRI/ILC (Mike Taylor/Andy White): Building global momentum for securing Community

Land Rights

» SIPAE (Francisco Hidalgo): Land rights and participatory mapping

» Terra project (Rocco Rorandelli): A multimedia application to highlight members’ stories

on land rights

» UVOC (Maria Cahuec): Ensuring access to land for indigenous and peasant communities

in the “Las Verapaces”

» World Bank (Tatiana Tassoni): Independent Compliance Review and Recourse Mechanism

at the World Bank

» WRF (IYFF) (José Antonio Osaba): Global campaign for the International Year of Family

Farming 2014.

OUR VISION

The Land Matrix is a global and independent land monitoring

initiative. Our goal is to develop and nurture an open development

community promoting transparency for land deals, where affected

communities, researchers, policy-makers and technologists can

mutually benefit and collaborate to improve land governance.

We support the establishment of Land Observatories, interactive

platforms that provide a ground-level view of land-based

investments that concentrate on a specific area of interest:

Global Observatory (www.landmatrix.org)

Transnational data and visualisations

National Observatories

Data from five pilot countries: - Cambodia,

Laos, Madagascar, Peru and Tanzania

Thematic Observatories

Data from rangelands, including traditional patterns of drylands

management and pastoralism

Regional Observatories

Currently in development in Africa in collaboration with the Land

Policy Initiative of the United Nations Economic Commission for

Africa (UNECA)

The Land Matrix is facilitated by a partnership of organisations

with an interest in promoting transparency and accountability in

decisions over land and investment through open data. It aims to

provide a permanent observatory to which any user can contribute

information.

AN

OPEN COMMUNITY FOR

TRANSPARENCYON

LAND

Land Matrixwww.landmatrix.org

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Land Matrix #landforum discussion on Twitter

The Land Matrix: a global independent initiative for monitoring land dealsThe Land Matrix provides tools for widening

citizen involvement in making good data

available and understandable, thus promoting

transparency and accountability and ultimately

improved decision-making over land resources

and their use. Participants in the Marketplace

of Ideas were given the opportunity to find

out more about the initiative, explore the

different functionalities of the Land Matrix,

and – most importantly – learn how citizens

and their organisations can contribute and get

involved. The initiative is based on decentralised

observatories, focused on geographic and

thematic areas of interest. The marketplace was

an excellent opportunity to identify interested

organisations and to provide a basis for

future collaboration.

www.landmatrix.org

Building global momentum for securing community land rightsCommunity land rights practitioners, activists,

and researchers, largely from the networks of RRI,

ILC, and Oxfam, met for a week in Bellagio, Italy

in March 2013 to brainstorm possible strategies

to follow to secure community land rights. The

marketplace provided a perfect opportunity to

share these emerging ideas with ILC members, get

their feedback, and discuss possible involvement

in next steps. The outcome statement of the

Bellagio workshop was presented and strategic

areas identified. Interested participants gave

feedback on the relevance of this initiative to their

own organisations.

www.communitylandrights.org

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46Miluska Carhuavilca, IBC, Peru

Campaign to secure territories for communities in PeruIBC Peru believes its campaign to be a

successful initiative that demonstrates how

institutions working together with a common

interest can achieve significant changes

in government responsiveness. IBC found

that to achieve a higher level of impact and

to analyse results, the campaign had to be

divided into two parallel themes – awareness

and advocacy. The campaign has raised the

online presence of the group’s work and has

attracted 900 signatories. It has succeeded

in placing land issues on the government

agenda and has established an approach

to influencing public officials in strategic

positions. IBC presented a promotional video

of the campaign and an information board

with facts and figures on the situation of rural

communities in Peru, and distributed leaflets

with specific information on communities.

www.comunidadesdel peru.org.

Agro-forestry production systems, protected forests, native biodiversity, organic productionASODET Guatemala encourages the

introduction of agroforestry systems, natural

forest protection, and the adoption of

organic production systems that focus on

the cultivation of local species and native

biodiversity to improve and optimise the use

of land and access to the environmental goods

and services that land can provide, ranging

from food security to risk management. Taking

into consideration global climate change, the

appropriate use of native resources in each

region, the ancestral knowledge of indigenous

peoples in Guatemala, and the country’s

strategic geographical location and remarkable

biodiversity creates an opportunity to develop

alternative systems to adapt to global changes

without abruptly altering resources (land),

social relationships, or the transmission of

knowledge from generation to generation.

ASODET demonstrated how the production of

environmental goods and services can restore

and enhance the landscape, diversify and

improve the diet of the population, and improve

the use of land resources for production and

adaptation to global warming.

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Miguel Arnoldo Balán Tení, Mercy Corps Thelma Cabrera, CODECA, Guatemala Miluska Carhuavilca, IBC, Peru

Strengthening municipalities on agrarian issuesFor more than a decade, Mercy Corps Guatemala

has been developing projects focused on the

resolution of conflicts relating to land tenure. It

has developed municipal mediation centres and

is looking to create and/or strengthen municipal

agricultural offices in Alta Verapaz, Panzós, Estor

Izabal, and Uspantán El Quiché as a mechanism

to maintain governance of local agricultural

issues. At the Marketplace of Ideas, Mercy Corps

demonstrated the progress of a cadastral survey

in Estor Izabal and how it is addressing conflicts

in Panzós, with photos and videos and through

discussions with participants.

www.redtierras.org

The struggle to defend the labour rights of families working on Guatemala’s fincasCODECA, an indigenous and peasant movement,

has been working on the issue of labour rights

in Guatemala since 2000. It has focused on the

visibility of the employment status of farmworker

families, training in human rights, land rights, and

labour rights, and legal assistance to enforce

compliance with labour rights, and is now working

on a reform of the labour law from the perspective

of peasants. The labour rights of families working

on farms are perhaps the most violated yet the least

known in Guatemala. This has been exacerbated

by land grabbing and by the expansion of

monoculture plantations for the production of

biofuels and other agricultural commodities.

Farming families are being forced to work as

borderline slaves due to their lack of access to land.

CODECA shared a report on an investigation carried

out in 2012 and early 2013 that described the

conditions in which farm labourers live and work.

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48Francisco Hidalgo, SIPAE, Ecuador José Antonio Osaba, World Rural Forum (WRF)

Global campaign for the International Year of Family Farming 2014The global campaign for the International

Year of Family Farming (IYFF) 2014 involved

the active participation of more than 350

agricultural and rural organisations in 60

countries on five continents. The campaign was

successful, and the United Nations declared

2014 as the International Year of Family Farming,

whose major goal is to stimulate active policies

for the sustainable development of agricultural

systems based on farmer families, communal

units, indigenous groups, cooperatives, and

fishing families. This initiative is an example of

how grassroots movements can come together

to achieve wider goals, working effectively to

advance the rights of women and men. The

campaign is inclusive and all organisations are

invited to join its national, regional, and global

coordination mechanisms, thereby enhancing

their own programmes and aspirations. ILC

is supporting and participating in the IYFF

2014. Participants had the opportunity to

interact with representatives of the IYFF at the

marketplace and to explore opportunities for

collaboration and learn how to participate in

national committees.

www.familyfarmingcampaign.net

Land rights and participatory mappingIn order to understand the demands and

claims of indigenous and peasant organisations

relating to tenure and land rights, the

Corporación Sistema de Investigación sobre

la Problemática Agraria en el Ecuador(SIPAE)

as developed several case studies using

methodological tools such as participatory

mapping that enable a holistic view of territory

and social actors. In this regard, it is essential

to move from general discourse on land rights

to specific demands. For this to be successful,

SIPAE has found participatory mapping to

be a key tool that combines the teaching

of geography, economics, and history. The

organisation displayed its national Atlas of

Land Tenure in Ecuador, which looks at land

concentration and land use, while proposing a

series of public policies to address the problems

presented. It also showed three case studies as

concrete examples of tenure and land use in

three regions of Ecuador: the coastal zone and

the expansion of palm cultivation, indigenous

Andean land speculation in the Amazon area;

and indigenous colonisation pressures in Napo

and Pastaza.

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Bee Wuethrich, LANDESA Shadrack Omondi, RECONCILE, KenyaJosé Antonio Osaba, World Rural Forum (WRF)

ALPFG Scorecard: ILC Africa contributionThe ALPFG Scorecard initiative is an ILC Africa

civil society monitoring tool that uses baseline

indicators adaptable to local contexts and

places emphasis on sharing lessons learned

from national land policy implementation, in

particular in areas relating to pro-poor policies,

economic benefits, and the land rights of

vulnerable people, especially women and

children. The Framework and Guidelines on

Land Policy in Africa (ALPFG) is a commitment

made by African heads of state in July 2009 that

includes economic development strategies,

gender sensitivity, and pro-poor participation,

among other issues. However, experience

has shown that the achievement of policy

implementation is more challenging than policy

creation. Therefore, the ALPFG Scorecard has

significant potential to influence governments

in Africa to formulate and implement national

land policies that adhere to the ALPFG

guidelines. Piloted in Kenya, Benin, and Rwanda,

the Scorecard initiative promotes and facilitates

dialogue between CSOs and governments.

Focus on Land in Africa (FOLA)Focus on Land in Africa (FOLA) is an online

resource created by Landesa whose mission is

to elevate the issue of land and natural resource

rights as an urgent development priority. Its aim

is to create a bridge between the specialised

knowledge of land tenure experts and the

broader development community working

in Africa. Awareness of the central role of land

and natural resource rights is extremely uneven

within the development community. Many

initiatives that focus on critical issues such as

agriculture, health, and women’s rights do not

fully appreciate the underlying role of land

and natural resource rights in determining the

outcomes of such efforts. FOLA helps to bridge

this gap and engages non-tenure development

practitioners in applying a land rights lens to

their work. Landesa has sought input from

ILC members to help ensure that the platform

becomes as effective as possible.

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50Rachael Knight, Namati

Community Land Protection ProgramNamati’s Community Land Protection

Programme proactively strengthens the ability

of communities to protect customary or

indigenous land rights by supporting them to

formally document their land claims. Namati

promotes a community land documentation

model that empowers communities to defend

and protect their lands and natural resources,

as well as to leverage the process to galvanise

positive intra-community change. One of the

underlying premises of Namati’s work is that

community land documentation efforts provide

a significant opportunity to critically examine

and proactively address intra-community

dynamics that may lead to strife, inequity,

corruption, environmental degradation,

and other trends that weaken the fabric of

community life and render communities less

able to prosper and develop on their own terms.

To this end, Namati promotes an integrated

model of community land protection that

includes community efforts to catalogue,

analyse, debate, and amend community rules

for land and natural resource management.

Practitioner’s Sourcebook of lessons learned from rigorous research on property rights for application by development and research organisationsThe Sourcebook distills and compiles the findings

from research by CAPRi in a user-friendly, easy-to-

read volume (in English and Spanish). It aims to

build the capacity of research and development

organisations to recognise the importance and

relevance of property rights and collective action

principles and to apply the lessons and methods

it presents to their work with communities, policy-

makers, and other stakeholders. The intended

audience includes practitioners, trainers, policy-

makers, and universities and institutions of higher

learning. The Sourcebook represents 15 years

of rigorous and innovative research on issues of

collective action and property rights. It is designed

to offer lessons to practitioners and policy-

makers, connecting CAPRi research with end users.

Representing research from around the world, it

provides useful advice for organisations working in

many different contexts on a wide variety of issues,

but is especially relevant to issues of collective

land rights.

www.capri.cgiar.org/pubs.asp

Stephanie Burgos, Oxfam

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| 51Compliance review and recourse mechanism

at the World BankThe Inspection Panel is an independent forum

designed for those who believe that they

have been, or are likely to be, harmed by any

project funded by the World Bank. Its mission

is to independently assess and convey affected

people’s grievances and concerns relating to

the Bank’s operational policies and procedures

to the institution’s Board of Directors, its highest

decision-making body. The Board created the

Inspection Panel in 1993 to ensure that people

who may be adversely affected by World

Bank-supported projects have access to an

independent body to express their concerns

and seek redress. The Panel is an impartial fact-

finding body, independent of the World Bank’s

management and staff and reporting directly

to the Board. Staff from the Inspection Panel

Secretariat interacted with participants at the

marketplace to raise their awareness of the body

and its overall mission and function, and will

share the Panel’s experiences with land projects.

International campaigns against land grabbingOxfam has carried out advocacy and

campaigning work on five different land

grabbing cases in Uganda, Guatemala (Polochic),

Honduras, South Sudan, and Indonesia in

collaboration with others, and in each case

progress is being made for the affected

communities. It is Oxfam’s experience that CSOs

are increasingly keen to perform advocacy work

to tackle land grabbing cases, and are very

interested to learn details of how others, like

Oxfam, have done this. ILC members can benefit

by considering the different options that can

be followed and the lessons learned, including

complaint mechanisms, direct advocacy with

companies, use of media and public campaigns,

and evidence-based research and advocacy.

Oxfam presented the outcomes of its work in its

2011 report, “Land and Power”. More on Oxfam’s

campaign against land grabbing can be found at:

www.oxfam.org/en/grow/issues/land-grabs

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52HIjaba Ykhanbai, JASIL, Mongolia Fillipo Brasesco, Land Portal

Community-based co-management of pastureland and empowering of pastoral communitiesJASIL, a CSO in Mongolia whose mission is to

promote sustainable management of natural

resources through equitable and participatory

approaches, has supported 54 herder

communities in four different ecosystems of

the country through participatory pasture and

natural resource management. It has supported

collaborative learning and participatory research

activities to empower local communities and

improve their levels of participation, particularly

for women’s groups, on pasture resource use,

decision-making, and livelihood improvements.

Community-based pastureland management

helps secure the traditional pastureland

use rights of herders. On the basis of these

innovations, the Mongolian government

has approved and since 2006 has been

implementing a policy of community-based

natural resource management.

The Land PortalThe Land Portal is an innovative tool that

anyone can use to find and share land-related

information and to connect with other

people. Its vision is to become the leading

online destination for knowledge, innovation,

and networking on land issues to improve

transparency and land monitoring and to

identify information gaps and trends. The aim of

the Land Portal is to improve land governance

to benefit those with the most insecure

land rights and the greatest vulnerability to

landlessness. It is designed to meet the needs of

both technical and general audiences interested

in land-related issues, in particular land

practitioners and specialists, advocates from

CSOs, and researchers and media professionals

working on land issues.

Visit www.landportal.info for more information.

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Fillipo Brasesco, Land Portal Jean Maurice Durand, IFAD Cristina Ardon, Comité Campesino del Altiplano (CCDA), Guatemala

The Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food SecurityLand, fisheries, forests, and other natural

resources provide a platform for livelihoods and

a basis for social, cultural, and religious practices.

Pressure on these resources is increasing as

areas are sought for cultivation, are occupied

by urban expansion, and as people abandon

areas because of degradation, climate change,

and conflicts. In response, FAO and its partners

have developed the Voluntary Guidelines on

the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land,

Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National

Food Security. The Guidelines promote secure

tenure rights and equitable access to land,

fisheries, and forests as a means of eradicating

hunger and poverty, supporting sustainable

development, and enhancing the environment.

They were officially endorsed by the Committee

on World Food Security on 11 May 2012.

Together, FAO and IFAD have promoted the

Guidelines and have encouraged governments

and civil society to use them as a reference for

the responsible governance of tenure.

Comité Campesino del Altiplano (CCDA)CCDA is a Guatemalan peasants’ organisation

that aims to transform its members into agents

of change and actors in their own development.

It educates farm workers to avoid being

exploited on farms, and has also created a range

of food products with the aim of generating

decent jobs with more income for peasants, by

means of adding value through processing and

marketing. Its flagship product, Café Justicia,

is an organic “fair trade-plus” coffee grown by

Mayan communities on the hillsides above

Lake Atitlan in Guatemala. The philosophy and

practice of Cafe Justicia are solidarity and trade

that build cooperation between consumers

and producers while ensuring that producers

are firmly in the driver’s seat, making the

final decisions regarding pricing, distribution,

and marketing. Sales of the coffee not only

support the families of cooperative members

but also fund social development projects in

surrounding communities and CCDA’s broader

struggle for social justice in Guatemala.

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54Maria Cahuec, Sandra Calel and Ana Morales, Unión Verapacense de Organizaciones Campesinas (UVOC)

Unión Verapacense de Organizaciones Campesinas (UVOC)UVOC is a grassroots movement working to

ensure access to land for indigenous and

peasant communities in the “Las Verapaces”

region of Guatemala, where land evictions

have been and still are the most severe. It

was founded in the late 1980s as part of a

wider cooperative movement and was legally

recognised as an autonomous entity in the late

1990s. It brings together over 200 campesino

communities in the departments of Alta Verapaz,

Baja Verapaz, Izabal, and El Quiché, coordinating

joint action to claim their rights to land and

territory. UVOC produces and markets organic

cosmetics including lotions and shampoos,

spices, candy, and other goods to generate

income for its members.

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Yussuf Nsengiyumva, ILC Africa Non-Regional CSOs Caucus

Regional caucuses AfricaThe ILC Africa Caucus was held on 24 April, and was chaired by Gladman Kundhlande of

SAFIRE. AAP, ADHD, CODELT, CPM, FIANTSO, GLTN, IFAD, ILRI, KLA, Lamosa, LandNet Malawi,

LandNet West Africa, MACOFA, MBOSCUDA, RECONCILE, RISD, SAFIRE, SIF, UEFA, ULA, ZERO,

and ZLA were in attendance.

The Steering Committee decided to establish standing committees on governance and finance,

programmes, monitoring and evaluation, and membership and networking. In addition,

the caucus established thematic working groups on land and conflict, gender, commercial

pressures on land, securing the commons, and climate change.

Didi Odigie from LandNet West Africa and Felicien Kabamba from CODELT were chosen by the

caucus to represent Africa on the ILC Council. SAFIRE was chosen to host the Africa Node, and

consequently asked to step down as Chair of the Steering Committee. The caucus elected Esther

Obaikol from the Uganda Land Alliance as the new chairperson of the Steering Committee.

ILC Director Madiodio Niasse was invited to address the caucus. He recommended that

the roles and responsibilities of both the host organisation of the Node and the regional

coordinator must be clear, and that the regional coordinator must be empowered to unite

the varying interests across ILC’s membership in Africa.

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56Asia Regional Caucus

Non-Regional CSOs The Non-Regional CSOs Caucus meeting took place on 24 April, chaired by CIRAD and NFCPFA.

AGTER, CIRAD, FPP, GLTN, IALTA, LANDESA, NFCFPA, Oxfam, TWA, and WRI were in attendance.

The caucus agreed to recommend CIRAD and NFCFPA to the AoM as their representatives

on the Council for the coming two years.

The caucus expressed the need to be informed on the institutional set-up of ILC and decision-

making processes. It also expressed its interest to be more engaged in a systematic manner

in decision-making processes within the Council and the work of ILC. It asked its member

representatives on the ILC Council to structure more formally the non-regional CSO members.

The caucus thanked Menotti Bottazzi for the work done as coordinator of this group in the past

two years, and mandated CIRAD and NFCFPA to clarify with him the roles and responsibilities

of the coordinator and to consider his serving as coordinator for another term.

AsiaThe ILC Asia Regional Caucus took place on 24 April, convened by PAFID and SARRA, the CSO

representatives for Asia on the ILC Coalition Council. A quorum was declared, with only three

members absent from the caucus. The Interim ILC Asia Coordinator, Karishma Boroowa, was

formally introduced to members.

ILC Asia members unanimously voted to accept KPA of Indonesia as the new host organisation of

the ILC Asia Regional Platform. KPA was expected to be fully operational as the host organisation

by 1 September 2013. The caucus also discussed hiring an Asia Regional Facilitator, who was

also expected to begin working from 1 September 2013, with the office to be established at KPA.

The caucus elected the Asian NGO Coalition (ANGOC), Philippines and the Association for

Land Reform and Development (ALRD), Bangladesh to serve as the CSO representatives for

Asia on the 2013–2015 ILC Coalition Council. Correspondingly, ANGOC and ALRD will be

the co-chairs of the ILC Asia Steering Committee (ASC) from 2013–2015. The two outgoing

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Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Caucus

members of the ILC Coalition Council, SARRA and PAFID, will continue to be a part of the

ASC during a transition period.

JASIL, an ILC member in Mongolia, was given the responsibility of hosting the Regional

Assembly in September 2013.

Latin America and the CaribbeanThe Regional Assembly of ILC Latin America and the Caribbean met on 24 April. It was

attended by representatives of 25 member organisations in the region.

Focal points for specific initiatives gave progress reports on the implementation of the 2013

work plan for the region, according to the four Strategic Objectives of ILC’s 2011–2015 Strategic

Plan. Progress reports were given for National Engagement Strategies in Peru, Colombia, Bolivia,

Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Ecuador. There was a discussion about the International Year of

Family Farming 2014 and linking actions of ILC in this regard to national and regional actions.

CEPES reported on the establishment of a regional network of land observatories with

participation by several member organisations, including Fundación Tierra, Fundapaz, and

Javeriana University, as well as plans to begin an observatory in Venezuela.

Advances on the collective land rights research agenda were presented by Alejandro Diez

(CISEPA); a proposed research project will consolidate 5–7 case studies on indigenous peasant

communal lands in the region.

CINEP/PPP was confirmed as the focal point on Women and Access to Land. Procasur was

confirmed as the focal point for the regional platform for Rural Youth.

After an open and transparent call and evaluation by a Selection Committee and final

validation by the regional platform, CEPES was selected to be the host organisation for regional

coordination; this will be followed by a selection process for the regional coordinator and

transfer of the coordination functions to the region.

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58 Andrea Fiorenza and Tin Geber, ILC Secretariat

Concerning expansion of membership in the region, five complete applications have been

suggested for Global Assembly approval.

The Regional Assembly voted to renew the mandate of CINEP/PPP as a member of the

Council and voted for NITLAPAN as a new representative for the Central American region.

Intergovernmental Organisations The caucus of intergovernmental organisation members of ILC took place on 24 April. IGO

members represented included UNCCD, FAO, IFAD, ILRI, ICRAF, and IFPRI, with the EC sitting

in as an observer. The World Bank was excused from the meeting.

Discussion revolved around the constitution of IGO representation on the ILC Council, which

is limited to six of the ten IGO members. IFAD, as the host organisation, must remain on the

Council. The caucus agreed that FAO and the World Bank should also remain on the Council.

UNCCD expressed its interest in joining the Council. As ICRAF, IFPRI, and ILRI are all part of

the CGIAR Consortium, they were willing to limit their joint presence on the Council to one

institution. ICRAF agreed to step down from the Council, and the caucus agreed upon UNCCD

as its replacement. UNEP confirmed its commitment to remain on the Council.

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Assembly of Members (AoM) The 6th Assembly of Members (AoM) of the International Land Coalition (ILC) was held on 25

April 2013, following a two-day international Forum. The meeting was presided over by Mr.

Jean-Philippe Audinet (co-chair, IGOs) and Mrs. Didi Unu Odigie (co-chair, CSOs).

Summary of main decisions » Approval of the Minutes of the 2011 AoM.

» Endorsement of the letter to the President of IFAD requesting the extension of IFAD’s

hosting of the Secretariat until 2020.

» The AoM approved the induction of 36 new members into the Coalition.

» Election of the new Coalition Council.

» Africa will be the venue for the 2015 AoM, with the host country to be identified on

the basis of an established ILC consultation process, as done in the past.

» Approval of the Antigua Declaration and of the Annex, “A People-Centred Land

Governance: Commitment to action on the VGGTs and ALPFG with a focus on women

and men living in poverty”

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60Didi Unu Odigie, LandNet West Africa, Co-Chair of the ILC Council

IntroductionDr. Madiodio Niasse, Director of the ILC Secretariat, opened the meeting with the introduction

of the Coalition Council co-chairs, Mr. Jean-Philippe Audinet of IFAD and Mrs. Didi Unu Odigie

of LandNet West Africa (LNWA).

Dr. Niasse noted that, according to the ILC Charter, “The quorum for a meeting of the AoM is

not less than 50% of the civil society members and not less than 50% of the intergovernmental

members” (Article 30). For the 6th AoM, this quorum was achieved, both for the CSOs and the

IGOs. The list of participants is included in Annex 2.

Approval of the agenda of the AoM 2013

The provisional agenda was presented by the co-chairs. A member of the Member Selection

Committee suggested that the agenda item on membership analysis and the one on the

appointment of new members be treated one after the other. The agenda was modified

accordingly and adopted.

Approval of the minutes of the 2011 AoM

Decision:

The 2013 AoM approved the minutes of the 2011 AoM held on 27 May 2011 in Tirana, Albania.

ILC Council report to the AoM

Mrs. Odigie presented the report of the ILC Council to the ILC AoM. She highlighted the

following achievements:

» The Council has commissioned an external evaluation of ILC work and internal reviews

of the decentralisation process in the regions.

» ILC’s projected four-year budget amounts to USD 40 million, a quarter of which is to be

raised by members.

» The Council expressed confidence that these resources are sufficient for ILC to deliver

on the Strategic Framework and influence land policy at all levels.

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Bharat Shrestha, Mode, Nepal Muhammed Kamal Uddin, ARBAN, Bangladesh

» ILC thus far has produced numerous knowledge products:

» no less than 30 reports on land deals

» the major report Land Rights and the Rush for Land in 2012

» launch of the Land Portal website.

» ILC membership is rapidly expanding.

» In 2012, ILC initiated an effort to support National Engagement Strategies (NES).

» ILC has sponsored participatory resource mapping in communities.

» ILC has continued its commitment to support land rights defenders.

Mrs. Odigie stated that ILC has become a driving force for land rights at local, regional, and

national levels. She was confident that, over the past two years, the vast majority of ILC

resources had gone to support actions at the local level. Mrs. Odigie expressed her sincere

appreciation for the active engagement of ILC members and reserved a special mention for

IFAD, ILC’s main donor and host to the ILC Secretariat.

ILC Secretariat reports to the AoM

Dr. Niasse presented the 2011 and 2012 Annual Reports of the ILC Secretariat to the AoM. He

underlined that these reports were not presented for approval, but that the Assembly was

nevertheless invited to comment on them and to advise ILC on future activities. Although

two years have passed, three-fifths of the 2011–2015 Strategic Framework period remains

ahead of the Coalition.

As part of Strategic Objective 1 (SO1) – Influence the formulation and implementation of national land policy for the benefit of rural people – ILC has started NES processes in 15 countries,

five of which are in the implementation stage. In 17 countries, a Land Watch or observatorio and

Land Observatory have been created to support evidenced-based national advocacy efforts.

Dr. Niasse invited representatives from Nepal, Togo, and Guatemala to present NES progress

reports. Mr. Bharat Shrestha (Mode Nepal) explained that in Nepal, before the NES started,

efforts in land advocacy were scattered, with no common understanding of land problems.

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62Patricia Castillo, Consultant, Guatemala Frédéric Djinadja, ADHD, Togo

Thanks to ILC, the five Nepalese members of the Coalition, together with relevant stakeholders,

drafted an NES and a consolidated national workplan and budget. These documents have

already helped to increase coordination among ILC members, to put pressure on the

government, and to map possible supporters for local funding of the NES. The two main

challenges are the difficulty of amassing the necessary resources to implement the NES and

the transitional character of the current government in Nepal.

Mr. Frédéric Djinadja (ADHD, Togo) explained that the main challenge in Togo lay in the

opposition between traditional, family-based tenure rights and the modern, individual

tenure model. The NES in Togo is currently in its fourth stage, i.e. implementation. The three

preceding stages included a diagnostic study, a national NES formulation workshop, and a

national NES validation workshop (including the validation of the 2013–2017 strategy). The

actions included in the NES revolve around three axes: access to land for women, agro-land

policies aimed at the improvement of food security, and the articulation of land policies with

sector policies. The latter axis includes a pilot project on land reform. The main challenges

for the NES in Togo are raising the necessary funds for its implementation and reconciling

traditional with modern tenure models.

Ms. Patricia Castillo (CONGCOOP consultant, Guatemala) presented an update on NES

development in Guatemala. She noted that the NES should not only focus on individual rights,

but should also take into account communal rights. Its objectives in the medium and long

terms, respectively, are to address urgent problems and to transform governance structures.

The main challenge is posed by the political tension that surrounds land issues in Guatemala.

The NES process is at the third of three stages: the first stage consisted of roundtables with

all possible stakeholders, the second of a strategic workshop with selected stakeholders, and

in the third stage – a planning workshop – a strategy was drafted. The two lines of action

of the strategy correspond to the two major objectives: a focus on urgent problems, and

inclusive and sustainable land governance for Guatemala’s food security.

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Frédéric Djinadja, ADHD, Togo Alicia Calles, UMCAH, Honduras Lance Robinson, ILRI

Dr. Niasse observed that it remains a major challenge for ILC to explain to members and

governments what an NES actually is. The aim of an NES is to bring together actors in one

country to join forces; it is not a strategy that replaces the work of the government or donors,

but a strategy for advocacy. Furthermore, Dr. Niasse noted that ILC has begun activities in

non-focus countries through two initiatives, the Emergency Solidarity Fund (ESF) in 2011 and

the Facility for Innovative and High Impact Targeted Interventions (FTI) in 2012.

In relation to Strategic Objective 2 (SO2) – Influence global and regional land-related processes and systems, in favour of pro-poor land policies and governance – the ILC Secretariat

and ILC members are involved in many global processes and projects, including the VGGT,

Gender Technical Guide for the VGGT, the Land Matrix, CEDAW, and the World Bank Land and

Poverty Conference. ILC and its members also collaborate with regional platforms such as the

Asian Farmers’ Association (AFA) and the Plateforme Régionale des Organisations Paysannes

d’Afrique Centrale (PROPAC). These international and regional processes benefit from the

involvement of traditionally excluded groups.

Regarding Strategic Objective 3 (SO3) – Build the world’s leading knowledge network on land governance, contributing to substantive improvements in the monitoring, sharing, and uptake of land-related knowledge – the ILC Secretariat has played a leading role in the Land

Portal, which includes 150 country pages and 13,000 documents, linking 940 land practitioners.

ILC has become a key actor in the global land policy debate thanks to the study Land Rights and the Rush for Land and the Land Matrix. ILC has also published 117 documents, ranging

from reports and manuals to policy briefs. In 59 knowledge-sharing events, ILC has tried to

bridge the gap between grassroots activism and academic research on land issues.

With regard to Strategic Objective 4 (SO4) – Strengthen ILC as a vibrant, solid, and influential global actor on land-related issues – Dr. Niasse highlighted the following points:

» In 2011, the Coalition grew from 80+ to 120 members.

» Thanks to this enlargement, more farmers’ organisations and research institutions are part

of the Coalition.

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64Vidya Bhushan Singh Rawat, SDF, India Sandra Apaza, ILC Latin America and the Caribbean

» The number of Strategic Partners has risen from three to five.

» The average budget for 2011–2015 has doubled compared with 2007–2011, and around

71% of the USD 40 million budget for 2011–2015 has been raised.

» Payment of membership dues dropped in 2012 to 64% from 78% in 2010.

» An independent membership survey showed that members rated the added value they

get from ILC as higher in 2012 than in 2009 in four of five categories.

Dr. Niasse, as Director of the ILC Secretariat, presented a self-assessment of the progress

towards the strategic objectives, indicating that, of the eight targets identified, ILC is on

track on four: (1) ILC becoming an essential actor in the most significant global debates and

policy processes; (2) ILC as a leading network and source of information on land governance

connecting activists, politicians, and researchers; (3) ILC as a legitimate convener of land-related

policy dialogues; and (4) ILC as an example for internal governance, and a model reference

of a Global Action Network (GAN) that works and delivers on its ambitions. On two targets,

he considered ILC to be “nearly on track”: (1) ILC strengthened to become a vibrant, solid,

and influential global actor on land-related issues; and (2) ILC positions itself as a thought

leader, offering innovative solutions to improve land use for the poor. The self-assessment

considered that ILC is “not on track” in achieving its end-of-strategy targets with regards to

the following areas: (1) demonstration interventions provide useful guidance on how to

advance pro-poor governance; and (2) the emergency fund is fully functional and becomes a

model solidarity mechanism for rights defenders. Dr. Niasse noted that these self-evaluations

were subjective, and that an independent mid-term review would be finalised by late 2013.

During the discussion that followed, members questioned the difference between

family farming in the Western and developing worlds, encouraged ILC to consider water

as a component of land issues, suggested that ILC make specific national-level policy

recommendations, and inquired about engagement with international organisations such

as the IMF and the World Bank. In response, Dr. Niasse highlighted that ILC has signed an MoU

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Sandra Apaza, ILC Latin America and the Caribbean Musa Usman Ndamba, MBOSCUDA, Cameroon

with the Global Water Partnership, and that in this framework ILC has recently started working

on integrated land and water governance. The co-chairs noted that ILC may provide generic

land policy recommendations, as embodied by the VGGT, but not recommendations that are

tailored to specific countries. Concerning the issue of family farming, Dr. Niasse recognised

that land is not an issue relevant only for the developing world but that it is also important

for the developed world, which is a dimension to which ILC needs to pay greater attention.

With regard to the question of engagement with international organisations, the co-chairs

asked how many members had engaged international organisations such as the World Bank

or FAO in their NES processes. The Secretariat confirmed that international organisations have

been involved in a very limited number of NES processes.

Decision:

The AoM took note of the report by the Secretariat, and suggested that the observations and

recommendations be given more attention during the remainder of the implementation

period of the Strategic Framework.

IFAD hosting of the ILC SecretariatDr. Niasse described the context of the IFAD hosting agreement of the ILC Secretariat. ILC has

been hosted by IFAD since its establishment, and this relationship was formalised in 2008 with

the signing of an agreement between IFAD and the ILC Council. The current hosting agreement,

which includes a two-year extension, expires in December 2015, at end of the 2011–2015 strategic

period. The expiring agreement stipulates that an action plan needs to be submitted to IFAD for the

management of the end of the hosting period. Therefore, the ILC Secretariat has commissioned an

external consultancy organisation to develop the action plan. As part of this exercise, the consultant

had to assess the viability of a series of options for alternative hosts and for establishing ILC as an

independent legal entity. It assessed 12 alternative hosting solutions, including the establishment

of ILC as an independent entity. Based on 12 different criteria, the study concluded that continued

hosting of the Secretariat by IFAD is the best available option. Hosting by FAO was ranked as the

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66Musa Usman, MBOSCUDA, Cameroon Dr. Madiodio Niasse, Director, International Land Coalition

second best option, and an independent ILC would be the third best solution. Therefore, the ILC

Secretariat, acting on behalf of the ILC Council, wrote to the President of IFAD and requested that

the hosting period be extended to 2020. IFAD replied that it needed a formal request from the

AoM of ILC in this regard. Once such a request is received, the IFAD President intends to consult

with the Executive Board of IFAD. Consequently, the AoM was presented with a draft letter that

members could consider endorsing for submission to IFAD.

Mr. Jean-Philippe Audinet, Co-Chair of the Coalition Council and representing IFAD, clarified

the steps to be taken. First, the AoM needed to agree on the fact that a request would be

sent to IFAD. Second, when the request is received, IFAD might prepare a new provisional

hosting agreement to be submitted to its Executive Board.

Dr. Niasse, in response to a question from a member, explained that 12 alternative hosting

solutions were considered, but that no host other than IFAD was contacted to discuss whether

it would favourably consider the possibility of hosting ILC. Upon request from a member, he

briefly explained the 12 criteria that were used in the analysis.

During the discussion, several members took the floor to explicitly endorse IFAD as the best

host and to recommend the proposed draft letter to the IFAD President. ILC Council Member

Mr. Jorge Muñoz (World Bank) suggested that the letter to IFAD should explain that ILC had

considered alternative hosting solutions.

Mr. Audinet, in response to a question from a member, clarified the timing of IFAD’s decision-making.

The next two meetings of the IFAD Executive Board were scheduled for September 2013 and

December 2013. Given the time constraints, he said that it was improbable that a new agreement

could be drafted and be submitted for approval at the September Executive Board meeting.

Decision: » The AoM unanimously endorsed the letter to the IFAD President with unanimity.

» The AoM urged the ILC Council Co-Chair (Civil Society) to take immediate action with

the support of the Secretariat so that the letter could be sent on behalf of the AoM to

the President of IFAD as soon as possible.

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| 67Membership analysis and appointment of new members

The Secretariat provided background on the membership selection process. New ILC members

may only be inducted during the AoM. Accordingly, in August 2012 a call was launched for

organisations to submit their applications by the deadline of 15 February 2013, which the

Membership Committee reviewed, providing recommendations to the AoM. A total of 57

organisations submitted membership applications.

Based upon a June 2012 request from the Council, a strategic analysis of membership was

commissioned to guide future decisions of the Coalition with regard to membership expansion

(pace of growth, membership diversity, etc.). The outcomes of the analysis were expected to

inform the work of the Membership Committee when reviewing the membership applications.

The strategic analysis built on a survey of 60 organisations (52% of total ILC members) and

15 key informants. A summary of the analysis was submitted to the Council in December

2012. One of the recommendations was to give first priority for ILC membership expansion

to organisations representing producer groups and grassroots communities of land users,

women, agricultural producers, fisher folks, pastoralists, and social movements that have

direct links with land issues. The second priority would be given to academic and research

institutions or foundations. A further recommendation was that ILC should attempt to

include members from the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, and influential transitional

economies such as Brazil, China, and Russia, where ILC has no representation.

Moreover, there was a question of how large the membership expansion should be. Overall,

no organisational or structural changes were deemed necessary. There was consensus that

no private sector entities or government agencies should become members. However, it was

noted that the concept of ”private” is very broad and may include private universities. There

was also consensus that a balanced expansion between civil society organisations (CSOs) and

intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) is no longer possible, though the current balance

between such members in the Coalition Council should be maintained.

Carlos Morales, UVOC, GuatemalaChet Charya, Star Kampuchea, Cambodia

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68Lalji Desai, MARAG, India, advocates changing the ‘right to food’ to ‘food sovereignty’ in the Antigua Declaration.

Additionally, it was found that the period of application for ILC membership applications

was very short, which made it difficult to encourage completed applications from countries

where ILC members are not present and which have no proximity to or relationship with ILC

networks. Organisations in these countries find it difficult to put together all the required

application documents, especially the endorsement letters. One suggestion was that, instead

of the mandatory requirement of two endorsement letters, one letter could be accompanied

by supplementary information.

While the preliminary findings and recommendations of the membership report were available

and could be taken into account in the review of the new membership applications, the

complete report of the membership analysis is due for detailed discussions at the December

2013 meeting of the ILC Council.

The Membership Committee presented its recommendations to the AoM. Of the 57

applications received, it recommended that 36 organisations be admitted as new members

of the Coalition. The AoM endorsed the recommendation. The following are the new members

admitted to the Coalition:

1. Agricultural Consultative Forum (Zambia)

2. Asia Indigenous People Pact (Thailand – regional)

3. Asian Farmers’ Association for Sustainable Rural Development (Philippines –regional)

4. Centre pour l’Environnement et le Développement (Cameroon)

5. Centro de Estudios e Investigación Para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales

(CEIGRAM) – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) (Spain)

6. Centro Terra Viva (Mozambique)

7. CICODEV Africa – the Pan-African Institute for Consumer Citizenship and Development

(Senegal)

8. Corporacion de Gestion y Derecho Ambiental Ecolex (Ecuador)

9. Corporación Desarrollo Solidario (Colombia)

10. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural y Regional, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales,

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)

11. Fédération Nationale des Femmes Rurales Malgaches (Madagascar)

12. Foro Rural Mundial (Spain)

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ILC members voting on the inclusion of ‘food sovereignty’ in the Antigua Declaration reach split decision

13. Global Witness (UK)

14. HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation (Switzerland)

15. Instituto para el Desarrollo Rural de Sudamérica (Bolivia)

16. International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (Denmark)

17. Namati: Innovations in Legal Empowerment (USA)

18. National Land Rights Forum Nepal (Nepal)

19. Natural Justice (South Africa – international)

20. National Network of Farmers’ Groups in Tanzania (Tanzania)

21. NGO BIOS (Moldova)

22. NGO Forum on Cambodia (Cambodia)

23. Ogiek Peoples Development Programme (Kenya)

24. Rainforest Foundation (UK)

25. REDES CHACO (Argentina – sub-regional)

26. Rural Association of Mutual Help (Mozambique)

27. Rural Development Fund (Kyrgyzstan)

28. SONIA –Society for New Initiatives and Activities – for a Just New World (Italy)

29. South Sudan Land Alliance (South Sudan)

30. Sudanese Environment Conservation Society (Sudan)

31. SWADHINA (India)

32. Swedish Cooperative Centre (Sweden)

33. Trócaire (Ireland)

34. Union Internationale du Notariat (Italy)

35. Women in Law and Development in Africa (Togo)

36. World Wildlife Fund (USA)

All those organisations whose applications were not successful will be informed of the decision

in writing by the Secretariat. These organisations may continue to build a relationship with

ILC and may reapply in two years’ time.

Decision:

The AoM approved the induction of 36 new members to the Coalition.

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70 Election of the new ILC CouncilThe Coalition Council consists of 14 members, of which six are IGOs, with IFAD as a permanent

member as host of ILC, while the holders of the remaining five positions may change. For

CSOs, there are eight positions (two for Asia, two for Africa, two for Latin America, and two

assigned to non-regional CSOs). CSO members of the Council are elected for a two-year

term, renewable once.

Prior to the AoM business meeting, informal caucus meetings were organised for each of

the main ILC membership groups: IGOs, African CSOs, Asian CSOs, Latin American CSOs, and

non-regional CSOs. Each caucus meeting made recommendations on its new representatives

in the Council. The AoM endorsed the recommendations of the caucus meetings.

As a consequence, the newly elected Council is constituted as follows:

For Latin America:

» NITLAPAN, Nicaragua, to replace COCOCH, which is ending its two-year term

» CINEP/PPP, Colombia, to continue for another term.

For Asia:

» ALRD, Bangladesh, as new representative

» ANGOC, Philippines, as new representative.

For Africa:

» CODELT, DRC, to replace KLA, which is ending its two-year term

» LNWA, West Africa, to continue for another term.

For non-regional/international CSOs:

» CIRAD, France, to continue for another term

» NFCFPA, Albania, to continue for another term.

ILC members acknowledge the contributions of Lucia Angelucci, retiring from the ILC Secretariat at the end of 2013

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» UNCCD, to replace ICRAF, which has voluntarily stepped down

» FAO, to continue for another term

» IFAD, as co-chair and permanent member of the Council

» IFPRI, to continue for another term

» UNEP, to continue for another term

» World Bank, to continue for another term.

Decision:

» a new Council is elected

» At the subsequent Council meeting the evening of 25 April, ALRD was elected Co-Chair,

CSOs, of ILC.

Location of next AoMIt was decided that the next Assembly of Members would take place in Africa.

Moni Rowshan Jahan, ALRD, BangladeshJean-Philippe Audinet, IFAD

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72

Declaration of ILC members “Antigua Declaration”

We, members of ILC, have met at our Assembly of Members on 25 April 2013, following the

Global Land Forum in Antigua, Guatemala, which involved 273 members and guests from 47

countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, Africa, Asia, and Europe. We

represent farmers, pastoralists, indigenous peoples, youth, and women’s organisations, as well

as non-governmental organisations (NGOs), academic institutions and research centres, unions,

and multilateral institutions. We are brought together by our shared objective to promote

secure and equitable access to and control over land for women and men who live in poverty.

Land rights are fundamental to addressing the common challenges of humanity, including

overcoming poverty and hunger, recognising the rights of Indigenous Peoples, mitigating

and adapting to climate change, reversing desertification and land degradation, sustainable

development, and peace-building.

We acknowledge the growing international consensus on land governance that includes

collective rights and respects territorial visions of development, human rights, gender equality,

and environmental sustainability, as well as the decisive role of small-scale producers and

family farmers in present-day and future food production systems in achieving food security for

all. We applaud the achievements of Indigenous Peoples in gaining international recognition

for their distinct inherent rights. We recognise the important role the Voluntary Guidelines on

the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests (VGGT) and the Africa

Land Policy Framework and Guidelines (ALPFG) play in expanding this consensus.

We are disturbed, however, by the gap between aspiration and reality. Agrarian economies are

profoundly affected by corporate and other interests that are external to local territories, taking control

of land, productive resources, and food value chains, alienating land users from their environment,

and posing great risks of marginalising small-scale producers and family farmers. We observe the

increasing levels of land grabbing and land concentration that are embedded in wider political

and economic choices, including poorly regulated investment frameworks and poor governance

that do not respond to the needs of rural communities, undermine democratic processes, create

unhealthy environments and unequal societies, and perpetuate poverty and hunger.

We are encouraged by the successes achieved by our members in securing the tenure rights

of women, men, and their communities. We will build on these and on the opportunities

provided by the growing global recognition of the importance of responsible land governance.

To this end, we, members of ILC, make the following commitments:

1. We will support models of development and environmental stewardship based on

respect for territorial governance and local food and natural resource management

systems, which recognise the multiple dimensions of land, including its cultural, social,

and spiritual functions, as a basis for social inclusion and dignity.

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2. We will work towards encouraging public policies and strategies for investment in agriculture

and natural resource management that are socially equitable, environmentally and economically

sustainable, and that place small-scale producers and family farmers at the centre of their rural

development strategies. We will therefore build evidence and advocate for public investment

and trade policies and market regulation that achieve this goal. At the heart of our efforts will

be empowering small-scale producers and family farmers through stronger organisations,

especially of women producers, and working towards secure and equitable access to land.

3. We fully support the International Year of Family Farming in 2014 and are encouraged

by the development of a UN Declaration on Peasant Rights.

4. We voice our concern at the extreme vulnerability of many Indigenous Peoples to

land grabbing and criminalisation of customary forms of land and natural resource use,

particularly in contexts of extractive industries, conservation areas, and commercial

agriculture. Recognising that respect for indigenous cultures contributes to sustainable

and equitable development and management of the environment, we commit ourselves

to work together to more effectively support Indigenous Peoples in their struggle for

territorial rights and the protection of their environments.

5. We will work towards strengthening women’s land rights and gender justice in land

governance, with the aim of achieving both de jure and de facto equality between men and

women, while recognising the diversity of women and their tenure rights, and ensuring

women’s equal opportunities and participation in decision-making at all levels. We support

and place great expectations on the development of a General Recommendation on

the Rights of Rural Women by the Committee of the Convention on the Elimination of

All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). We see the operationalisation of

this Convention, especially of its provisions pertaining to rural women, as a critical tool

to advance women’s land rights in rural areas.

6. We denounce all forms of human rights violations related to land, territorial, and

environmental issues, and we will work together with others to monitor such abuses.

We express our severe concerns over the increasing harassment, threats, and killings

of human rights defenders, including in our host country Guatemala, especially those

who work to defend land and territorial rights. We urge governments to ensure their

protection, including those facing trial as a result of their defence of land rights.

7. We recognise the integral value of the environment and the sustainable management

of natural resources to achieve food security, the well-being of our societies, and full

realisation of the right to food.1 We will work to recognise and enable the stewardship

role of local communities by upscaling our efforts to secure their customary and diverse

tenure rights and by advocating local governance of territories and commonly held land,

water, and other natural resources.

8. We note with grave concern the lack of transparency and accountability related to

decision-making over land, in particular relating to large-scale concessions and land

use conversions. We welcome the increased emphasis by the international community

on this issue, and strongly urge that this is accompanied by efforts to support nationally

owned multi-stakeholder processes in the context of implementing the VGGT and the

ALPFG. We will upscale support to participatory monitoring initiatives that open space

for dialogue and evidence-based advocacy.

1 Members began a debate on the relevance of the concept of Food Sovereignty, which will be continued.

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We therefore strongly advocate for the inclusion of a sustainable development goal on

governance of land tenure and targets specifically related to secure and equitable land rights,

especially for women, in the post-2015 development agenda. We encourage the work of the

Committee on World Food Security in defining Principles of Responsible Agricultural Investment.

The International Land Coalition expresses its solidarity with the people of Guatemala in

this critical moment where the nation is still healing the wounds of the recent war, while

deepening the democratisation process. We commend the courageous efforts to achieve

truth, justice, and reparation. These elements are essential to build peace with social justice.

To this end, we affirm our experience that constructive engagement and participation of

civil society in decisions over territorial development are key to achieving the aim of a more

prosperous and peaceful society. We therefore welcome the commitment made by the

Government to address as a matter of urgency the fair settlement of the rural communities

evicted in the Polochic Valley, and we urge the rapid implementation of this commitment.

Being also aware of the Government’s willingness to promote the approval of an Integrated

Rural Development Law, based on the spirit of proposals by peasant organisations, we

encourage the allocation of an adequate budget for its implementation.

We affirm our willingness to support national members and the Government of Guatemala to

implement the VGGT, in particular regarding the need for strengthening its land institutions

and developing territorial development policies and institutions so that they can effectively

help promote timely and meaningful social participation; realise the land rights of women

and men in peasant and indigenous communities; reduce negative impacts of private

investments on indigenous peoples’ territories; and stop land grabbing and forced evictions.

Globally, we will continue fostering collaboration between states and civil society, and sharing

experiences across countries that contribute to equitable and productive land tenure that increases

food security. We, as members of ILC, commit ourselves to working at all levels, and in support of

governments and other stakeholders, to operationalise the VGGT and the ALPFG in a people-centred

manner, as detailed in the attached commitment to action on people-centred land governance.

We extend our appreciation and gratitude to our hosts in Guatemala for solidarity and their

generous hospitality.

The International Land Coalition (ILC) is a global alliance of civil society and intergovernmental

organisations working together to promote secure and equitable access to and control

over land for poor women and men through advocacy, dialogue, knowledge-sharing, and

capacity-building. The Global Land Forum on “Inclusive and sustainable territorial governance

for food security” was held together with the sixth biennial ILC Global Assembly of Members.

These events took place in Antigua, Guatemala, from 23–27 May 2013 and were jointly

hosted by the Asociación Comité de Desarrollo Campesino (CODECA), Comité Campesino

del Altiplano (CCDA), Coordinación de ONG y Cooperativas (CONGCOOP), Unión Verapacense

de Organizaciones Campesinas (UVOC), Oxfam-Guatemala, and ILC.

This Declaration was endorsed by the ILC Assembly of Members at Antigua, Guatemala,

on 25 April 2013.

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Annex: People-Centred Land Governance: Commitment to action on the VGGT and ALPFG with a focus on women and men living in povertyAs members of ILC, we welcome and reaffirm the Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible

Governance of Tenure (VGGT) and the Framework and Guidelines on Land Policy in Africa

(ALPFG) as much needed global and regional norms and benchmarks. We call on States to

take the appropriate legal and institutional policies to operationalise these Guidelines, and

we commit ourselves to working with them and other partners towards extending these

Guidelines to practice and policy, both as member organisations and as a coalition.

We, in particular, recognise that the implementation of these Guidelines at the country level

requires intensive engagement by multiple stakeholders at local, national, and regional levels,

and that implementing these Guidelines and other international standards involves trade-offs

between competing interests and priorities. We also know that transforming international

norms into reality on the ground is an enormous challenge that requires the collaboration of all.

As ILC members, we commit ourselves to contribute to their operationalisation, with a

particular focus on those who live in poverty and consistent with our vision that “secure

and equitable access to and control over land reduces poverty and contributes to identity,

dignity, and inclusion”.

Drawing on our 15 years of experience as a coalition, we emphasise the following ten

actions as essential to achieving people-centred land governance. We will work together

as a coalition, and with all concerned state and non-state actors, to see that these actions

are put into practice.

1. Respect, protect, and strengthen the land rights of women and men living in poverty,

ensuring that no one is deprived of the use and control of the land on which their well-

being and human dignity depend, including through eviction, expulsion, or exclusion,

and with compulsory changes to tenure undertaken only in line with international law

and standards on human rights.

2. Ensure equitable land distribution and public investment that supports small-scale

farming systems, including through redistributive agrarian reforms that counter excessive

land concentration, provide for secure and equitable use and control of land, and allocate

appropriate land to landless rural producers and urban residents, whilst supporting

smallholders as investors and producers, such as through cooperative and partnership

business models.

3. Recognise and protect the diverse tenure and production systems upon which

people’s livelihoods depend, including the communal and customary tenure systems

of smallholders, indigenous peoples, pastoralists, fisher folks, and holders of overlapping,

shifting, and periodic rights to land and other natural resources, even when these are

not recognised by law, and while also acknowledging that the well-being of resource

users may be affected by changes beyond the boundaries of the land to which they

have tenure rights.

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4. Ensure gender justice in relation to land, taking all necessary measures to pursue both

de jure and de facto equality, enhancing the ability of women to defend their land rights

and take equal part in decision-making, and ensuring that control over land and the

benefits that are derived therefrom are equal between women and men, including the

right to inherit and bequeath tenure rights.

5. Respect and protect the inherent land and territorial rights of indigenous peoples, as set

out in ILO Convention 169 and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples,

including by recognising that respect for indigenous knowledge and cultures contributes

to sustainable and equitable development and proper management of the environment.

6. Enable the role of local land users in territorial and ecosystem management, recognising

that sustainable development and the stewardship of ecosystems are best achieved

through participatory decision-making and management at the territorial level,

empowering local land users and their communities with the authority, means, and

incentives to carry out this responsibility.

7. Ensure that processes of decision-making over land are inclusive, so that policies, laws,

procedures, and decisions concerning land adequately reflect the rights, needs, and

aspirations of individuals and communities who will be affected by them. This requires

the empowerment of those who otherwise would face limitations in representing their

interests, particularly through support to land users’ and other civil society organisations

that are best able to inform, mobilise, and legitimately represent marginalised land users,

and their participation in multi-stakeholder platforms for policy dialogue.

8. Ensure transparency and accountability, through unhindered and timely public access

to all information that may contribute to informed public debate and decision-making

on land issues at all stages, and through decentralisation to the lowest effective level, to

facilitate participation, accountability, and the identification of locally appropriate solutions.

9. Prevent and remedy land grabbing, respecting traditional land use rights and local

livelihoods, and ensuring that all large-scale initiatives that involve the use of land, water,

and other natural resources comply with human rights and environmental obligations

and are based on: the free, prior, and informed consent of existing land users; a thorough

assessment of economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts with respect to both

women and men; democratic planning and independent oversight; and transparent

contracts that respect labour rights, comply with social and fiscal obligations, and are

specific and binding on the sharing of responsibilities and benefits. Where adverse

impacts on human rights and legitimate tenure rights have occurred, concerned actors

should provide for, and cooperate in, impartial and competent mechanisms to provide

remedy, including through land restitution and compensation.

10. Respect and protect the civil and political rights of human rights defenders working

on land issues, combating the stigmatisation and criminalisation of peaceful protest

and land rights activism, and ending impunity for human rights violations, including

harassment, threats, violence, and political imprisonment.

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field visitsField trip to sector Las Delicias, Santo Domingo, SuchitpéquezEighteen Global Land Forum delegates from 13 countries joined CODECA’s Miguel Ixcal on

a journey to his home village of Las Delicias, a three-and-a-half-hour drive from Antigua in

the lowlands of Costa Sur. The landscape outside of Antigua changed into vast plantations of

mostly sugar cane, but also bananas, teak, and oil palm. The area was previously dominated

by cattle ranches, which were replaced over time by cotton and then sugar cane plantations.

Las Delicias is an indigenous community of Mayan heritage, and is a result of post-WWII agrarian

reforms that gave each family 10 hectares of land. It is now surrounded by large plantations. The

delegation was greeted by a local women’s group that is growing loroco, an edible flower, without

chemical inputs, with the support of ILC member CODECA. This allows them to earn about USD

1,500 each per year, as well as retaining half of their production for personal consumption.

CODECA is one of the community’s main sources of support, as there are no public services,

including health or education. Village leaders have been subjected to arrest for their activism,

while they suffer the effects of chemical drift from surrounding plantations, smoke from

burning cane fields, and dust from trucks carrying the cane.

The hosts shared a generous lunch prepared from their own produce with the delegates. They

expressed their appreciation for the solidarity that ILC’s members bring to CODECA through the

Coalition. At the end of the visit, participants were left with not only a picture of the resilience,

warmth, and indomitable spirit of the people of Las Delicias, but also a sense of some of the failures

of agrarian reform and public support, which 70 years later have left the farmers hard-pressed

to resist encroachment on their land by the large-scale farming operations that surround them.

Loroco Project:

environmental impacts

and land concentration

due to sugar cane

expansion

Location:

Sector las Delicias, Santo

Domingo, Suchitepéquez

Organisation: CODECA

Coordinator: Miguel Ixcal

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78 Field trip to Lago Atitlan with the Comité Campesino del Altiplano (CCDA)On Friday, 26 April, a group of 53 Global Land Forum participants from 20 countries,

representing NGOs, IGOs, and ILC Strategic Partners, crossed the highlands surrounding

Lake Atitlan to meet the communities of the Comité Campesino del Altiplano (CCDA).

CCDA is a peasant and indigenous peoples’ organisation founded in 1982 in the Guatemalan

highlands to coordinate communities towards achieving equitable rural development and agrarian

reform. Its work is focused mainly on fair land redistribution and food sovereignty, but it also

provides support for the production, processing, and trade of agricultural products and handicrafts.

After a two-and-a-half-hour drive, the delegation reached Panajachel village and took a boat to

the village of Santiago Atitlan and the “Parque de Paz” (Peace Park), a site that commemorates

the massacre of community leaders and their families during the civil war.

CCDA took the delegation to its “Cerro de Oro” coffee farm and production centre for “Café

Justicia”, which is produced using traditional and organic methods in the highlands and

commercialised by NGOs and fair trade networks. The delegation was welcomed with a

Mayan ritual that campesinos celebrate every morning before starting their work in the fields.

The members of the coffee cooperative also grow other fruits and vegetables according to the

principles of agro-ecology to integrate coffee production and ensure food security. Delegates

were given gifts of yucca and coffee grown by the cooperative members.

The representatives of CCDA expressed their concern about the construction of a hydroelectric power

plant, which started without their free and prior informed consent; this project is likely to threaten

the livelihoods of local communities and the ecological integrity of the basin and surrounding forests.

The field visit ended with a stopover in the main office of CCDA in Santa Cruz Quixayá, where

the committee prepared a lunch with most of the products (herbs, cereals, vegetables, fish,

and fruits) that are grown locally by the member communities in the spirit of food security

and food sovereignty, respecting traditional practices and the environment. Community

representatives introduced their activities and projects to ILC members; these link agricultural

production to education, health, and community infrastructure, with the main goal of

guaranteeing sustainable and equitable access to the madre tierra (mother earth).

Experiences of the

Campesino Committee

of the Highlands (Comité

Campesino del Altiplano)

with Coffee Justice (Café

Justicia), coffee production

and processing

Location:

Km 7 Cerro de Oro,

Santiago Atitlan

Organisation: CCDA

Coordinator:

Marcelo Sabuc

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| 79Sharing experiences with the Asociación Madre Tierra: the impact of land grabbing

due to sugar cane productionRaquel Vasquez, the campesina leader who opened the Global Land Forum in Antigua,

accompanied a delegation of 30 leaders, activists, and land professionals from Asia, Africa,

Latin America, North America, and Europe on a three-hour drive from Antigua on 26 April

to her home village of La Lupita, in the lowlands near the town of Tiquizate.

Massive industrial plantations of bananas, palm oil, and sugar cane dominate the landscape

for most of the journey between Antigua and La Lupita, providing a powerful image of the

severe impact that monocultures have on rural areas in Guatemala. In addition to a difficult

agrarian situation, in 2005 the entire area was devastated by a tropical storm, Hurricane Stan.

The women’s organisation “Asociación de mujeres Madre Tierra” (AMT) and the agricultural cooperative

“Cooperativa Integral Agrícola La Guadalupe” hosted the group and shared a lunch with the delegation,

and community members described the history of La Lupita, the challenges faced by local women,

and the work of the local cooperative in the mango sector vis-à-vis long and international value chains.

The president of the cooperative explained the history of the community, which has 1,000

inhabitants of Mayan origin who sought refuge in Mexico for 14 years during the civil war. In

1996 the community, composed of over 130 extended families, returned to the area, supported

by UNHCR. Those who returned were forced to buy their land through government- and

World Bank-supported loan schemes. The community of La Lupita took out a loan to buy

an entire farm (finca) of 654 ha, the maximum available under the conditions set by the

government scheme. Upon their return, the land was highly degraded and no housing was

provided, making people particularly vulnerable to diseases.

The resettled community of 130 families organised community life around the cooperative

and the women’s organisation. The cooperative possesses 86 ha of land for mango production,

which after 10 years has now reached its full production capacity of 700,000 mangoes in 2013.

The revenue from the cooperative is used to pay off the loan and to provide services to the

community, such as water provision, schools, and a health centre. The remaining 570 ha were

Experiences of the Rural

Women Alliance (La Lupita

and Conrado de la Cruz

communities): the impact

of land grabbing due to

sugar cane production

Location:

Comunidades La Lupita y

Conrado de la Cruz, Santo

Domingo, Suchitepéquez

Organisation:

Alianza de Mujeres

Rurales

Coordinator:

Raquel Vasquez

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distributed amongst the families to grow not only mangoes but also vegetables, legumes,

maize, and other crops for family consumption and for the local market. The cooperative plays

a major role as a social “glue” and an economic motor that enables community members to

access resources and services.

The women’s organisation has promoted community development and has helped to

make the voice of women heard. Vocal about their rights, the women of Madre Tierra have

established working relationships with national and international NGOs, including Oxfam-

Guatemala, the ILC member which co-facilitated the visit.

All in all, the visit gave participants close contact with Guatemalan rural areas. Participants

were struck by the pervasiveness of large-scale plantations and got a very tangible sense of

the impact that industrial farming has on rural landscapes and livelihoods.

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collective actions in the frame of ILCThe ILC Learning Day was a day of in-depth learning sessions designed to exploit the

knowledge that exists in the ILC network. It included two in-depth sessions led by ILC

members and partners with expertise on specific topics.

Promoting gender justice: tools for monitoring – and advocating for – women’s land rights in land policies and programmesThe focus of this session was to introduce the Gender Evaluation Criteria for large-scale land

tools (GEC), a tool to judge whether a large-scale land intervention is sufficiently gender-

responsive, i.e. whether it addresses both women’s and men’s needs, and to identify areas that

need attention. The criteria have been developed by the Global Land Tools Network (GLTN)

and its partners, starting in 2007, and have been successfully tested by Huairou Commission

members in Ghana, Brazil, and Nepal in 2009 and 2010, by other ILC members in Uganda in

2011–2012, and in Zimbabwe, Rwanda, and Togo since 2012.

This session was led by and featured presentations from ILC members, with GLTN introducing

the criteria and ADHD, RISD, and SAFIRE sharing concrete examples of using them in their

country contexts. Interest among other members attending the AoM was strong, and the

session has already inspired several members in Latin America and the Caribbean to use the

gender criteria in a regional programme on women and land. Another result from the learning

session has been a peer-to-peer training for francophone ILC Africa members in the DRC.

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82 Achieving results through open knowledge and communications advocacy toolsThe Learning Day introduced ILC members to the Open Knowledge philosophy, the concept

that knowledge should be free to use, re-use, and redistribute without legal, social, or

technological restrictions. Members were challenged to think about ways that Open

Knowledge could be integrated into their work. The session demonstrated the benefits of an

evidence-based approach to advocacy and transparency campaigns, and provided examples

of information and communications technology (ICT) tools for advocacy, open data, and

Info-Activism that can be used in national campaigns for land rights. ILC members had the

opportunity to tell their own stories of success (and failure) relating to their communications

and advocacy efforts.

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Brief outcomes of the evaluation of the Global Land Forum and Assembly of MembersIn total 54 participants answered the questionnaire provided at the conclusion of the event; 35

indicated the name of their organisation and 19 remained anonymous. Of the 54 respondents,

50 were ILC members: 41 CSOs, seven research centres, two governmental bodies, and four

farmers’ organisations. Of these two were representatives of Strategic Partners, and one

other (non-member).

All said, the conference and Assembly of Members met respondents’ expectations. Most

participants liked:

» the themes and information provided at the Global Land Forum;

» the global conference;

» the information received on Guatemala;

» the sharing of information and experience at the event;

» getting in touch with other members;

» the presence of different groups and stakeholders;

» the dialogue and global vision exchange.

Parts of the event they liked most were the sharing of information and experience, the

marketplace, the field visits, the networking opportunities, the plenary and parallel sessions,

and the focus on family agriculture and smallholder farming, as well as the gender themes,

the conference organisation, and democracy in the dialogue.

Participants were also asked to mention what they disliked. All those who answered this

point made reference to time management, an excessive number of panellists, and insufficient

time for discussion. Many criticised the way the debate on the Antigua Declaration was

handled. It was suggested that time management could have been improved to allow more

time for discussion, and the methodology of the debate itself was called into question. Most

also said that the learning day should not be planned at the end of the event. The feedback

on aspects such as organisation, keynote speakers etc., is reflected in the graphs that follow.

The feedback on aspects such as organisation, keynote speakers etc., is reflected in the

graphs below.

Overall, the conference organisation was rated the highest.

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Suggestions given for improvement in the coming years included:

» having fewer panellists

» proper time management

» field visits should focus on the issues dealt with during the conference.

Regarding the AoM, the outcome of the evaluation was as follows.

The suggestions made for the AoM were:

» Time management should be improved, giving more time for discussions and

interaction between members and adopting new methodologies to discuss the

final members’ declaration.

Marketplace Most participants liked the marketplace of ideas and solutions. Suggestions made for the

way forward included e.g. an online catalogue of experiences to share with a wider audience.

Knowledge champions or themes suggested for inclusion in future events included:

» NES;

» Oxfam (GROW campaign);

» more presentations from local people;

» themes such as conflict management

Members emphasised that they would like to see more local experiences and examples

from grassroots organisations. It was also felt that the event did not have enough translators.

Learning dayAll respondents found this useful, and said that it should become a regular feature of the

global event. However, participants suggested that the learning day should take place earlier

in the event week.

Field visitsOpinions differed, depending on which visit members participated in. The field visit organised

by CCDA Atitlan was the most appreciated, whereas there was criticism of another visit that

interaction with local communities was difficult

no opinion

poor

needs improvement

satisfactory

good

excellent

100

80

60

40

20

0Keynote speakers

Learning day

Discussion on Guatemala

Field visits

Contacts and

knowledge sharing

Overall

organisation

Relevance

to your work

Plenary sessions

Marketplace

no opinion

poor

needs improvement

satisfactory

good

excellent

100

80

60

40

20

0Regional caucuses

Appropriateness

of the agenda

Clarity of presentations

on institutional issues

Opportunity to contribute

to decisions on institutional issues

Overall evaluation of the Global Land Forum

Overall evaluation of the Assembly of Members

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Annex 1: Agenda

Tuesday 23 April 20137:00 Mayan invocation – UVOC, Guatemala

8.30 Opening and inaugural speeches

Remarks by the National Organising Committee, Helmer Velasquez, CONGCOOP,

Guatemala

Welcome Remarks, Madiodio Niasse, ILC Director

Opening speeches

Ernesto Sinopoli, Official Representative of FAO

Jean-Philippe Audinet, Official Representative of IFAD

Luc Gnacadja, UNCCD Executive Secretary

Inaugural speech: Otto Perez Molina, Constitutional President of Guatemala10.00 Group photo and refreshments

10.30 Statement by the ILC Council – Didi Unu Odigie, LandNet West Africa

10.35 Introduction to the Declaration Committee – Mike Taylor, ILC Secretariat

10.40 Keynote speakers

Rural Development Policy in Guatemala – Elmer López Rodríguez, Minister of

Agriculture, Livestock and Food (MAGA), Guatemala

Central America: land and rural dynamics in Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, and

Nicaragua – Eduardo Baumeister, independent expert

A perspective on today’s land challenges from a farmers’ organisation – Raquel

Vasquez, Alliance of Rural Women, Guatemala

Q&A and discussion

12.30 Lunch

14.00 Plenary: The future of family farming and the geopolitical economy of food

Moderator: José A. Osaba García, World Rural Forum and the International Year of Family

Farming, Spain

Panellists:

Sophia Murphy, IATP, United States

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Edwin Nerva, CARRD, Philippines

Alicia Calles, UMCAH, Honduras

Harold Liversage, IFAD

Leocadio Juracan, CCDA, Guatemala

15.30 Coffee break

16.00 Parallel sessionsParallel session 1: Effective land governance institutions for food security

Moderator: Adrian Zapata, FAO

Overview from Axel López Anzueto, Secretario de Asuntos Agrarios, Guatemala

Panellists:

Thelma Cabrera, CODECA, Guatemala

Humberto Oliveira, former Secretary of Territorial Development in Brazil, IICA

Marta Fraticelli, AGTER, France

Enrique Pantoja, World Bank

Ester Obaikol, Uganda Land Alliance, Uganda

Patricia Queiroz Chaves, Huairou Commission

Parallel session 2: Whose territory? Indigenous peoples, land use, and territorial identity

Moderator: Elías Silvel, University of San Carlos, Guatemala

Panellists:

Global overview from Birgitte Feiring, independent expert

Lalji Desai, MARAG, India

Musa Usman, MBOSCUDA, Cameroon

18.00 End of day

19.30 Welcome reception and dinner

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Wednesday 24 April 20138:30 Plenary: Reports from the parallel sessions

9:00 Video contribution by Mrs Margaret Sekaggya, Special Rapporteur on Human Rights

9.15 Land grabbing and land access in small- and large-scale agriculture production systems,

and the role of public and private investments

Moderator: Mike Taylor, ILC Secretariat

Global overview from Ward Anseeuw, CIRAD, France

Juan Pablo Chumachero Ruiz, Fundación Tierra, Bolivia

Dewi Kartika, KPA, Indonesia

Laura Hurtado, Oxfam- Guatemala

Ruth Meinzen-Dick, IFPRI, USA

Iris Krebber, DFID, UK

10.30 Coffee break

11.00 Parallel sessionsParallel session 3: Transparency, accountability, and Open Development on land

Moderator: Janet Gunter, Rizominha.net

Tatiana Tassoni, Senior Operations Officer, World Bank Inspection Panel

Terry Parnell, Open Development Cambodia, Cambodia

Zully Morales, CONGCOOP, Guatemala Miluska Carhuavilca, IBC, Peru

Parallel session 4: Environmental aspects of territorial disputes

Moderator: Sergio Zelaya, UNCCD

Felicien Kabamba Mbambu, CODELT, DRC

Alancay Morales Garro, FPP, Costa Rica

Jagdeesh Puppala, FES, India

12.30 Lunch

14.00 Plenary: reports from parallel sessions

14.30 Roundtable debate: looking toward the future

Moderator: Mike Taylor, ILC Secretariat

Margareta Nilsson, SIDA, Sweden

Ernesto Sinopoli, FAO

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Moni Rowshan Jahan, ALRD, Bangladesh

Daniel Pascual, Via Campesina, Guatemala

Madiodio Niasse, ILC Secretariat

Discussion and summary

16.00 Coffee break

16.30 Presentation of the Global Land Forum Declaration

16.40 Closing speeches

Vote of thanks by the National Organising Committee – Sandra Calel, UVOC,

Guatemala

Conclusions and the way forward – Niasse Madiodio, ILC Director

Closing remarks

Luis Enrique Monterroso, Secretary of the Secretariat of Food Security and Nutrition,

Guatemala

17.00 End of the Forum

17.15 ILC caucuses

Africa

Asia

Latin America and the Caribbean

Non-regional/international CSOs

21.00 ILC Council meeting

Thursday 25 April 2013

Assembly of Members8.30 Marketplace in the Patio at the Portal

11.30

Approval of the Agenda of the 2013 Assembly of Members

Adoption of the Minutes of the 2011 Assembly of Members

ILC Council report to the AoM

ILC Secretariat report to the Assembly: Presentation and discussion of the ILC annual

reports 2011 and 2012

13.00 Lunch

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14.00 Membership Analysis

Presentation and discussion

Appointing/admission of new ILC members

Election of the new ILC Council

15.45 Coffee break

16.15

Membership contribution: current situation and the way forward

Next Assembly of Members

Discussion and endorsement of the Antigua Declaration

18:00 Assembly of Members summary and closing

18.30 ILC Council meeting

Friday 26 April 2013

Knowing Guatemala: field visits6:00–17:00 Groups of 35–50 participants each:

Loroco Project: environmental impacts and land concentration due to sugar cane

expansion

Location: Sector las Delicias, Santo Domingo, Suchitepéquez

Organisation: CODECA

Coordinator: Miguel Ixcal

Experiences of the Rural Women Alliance (La Lupita and Conrado de la Cruz communities):

the impact of land grabbing due to sugar cane production

Location: Comunidades La Lupita y Conrado de la Cruz, Santo Domingo, Suchitepéquez

Organisation: Alianza de Mujeres Rurales

Coordinator: Raquel Vasquez

Experiences of the Campesino Committee of the Highlands (Comité Campesino del

Altiplano) with Coffee Justice (Café Justicia), coffee production and processing Location:

Km 7 Cerro de Oro, Santiago Atitlan

Organisation: CCDA

Coordinator: Marcelo Sabuc

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Saturday 27 April 2013

Learning and building collective actions in the frame of ILCAchieving results through open knowledge and communications advocacy tools: introduction

to the open knowledge philosophy and assessment of the benefits of an evidence-based

approach to advocacy

Gillo Cutrupi, Tactical Tech

Tin Geber, ILC

Promoting gender justice through tools for monitoring women’s land rights: assessment of

gender-responsiveness of land policies and introduction to the Gender Evaluation Criteria

(GLTN) tool

Lowie Rosales, GLTN

Sabine Pallas, ILC

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Annex 2: List of participantsSpecial Guests

His Excellency Mr. Otto Perez Molina, Constitutional President of Guatemala

Government Representatives and Keynote Speakers

MAGA, Jorge Morales

Jorgemoralestoj@gmail.com

Guatemala

Elmer Lopez, Minister of Agriculture of Guatemala

Elmer@idr.org.gt

Axel Lopez, Secretary of Agrarian Affairs of Guatemala

Alopez@saa.gob.gt

Luis Enrique Monterroso, Secretary of Food Security

Luisenriquemonterroso@sesan.gob.gt

Luc Gnacadja, Secretary General

UNCCD

srastetter@unccd.int

Germany

National Organising Committee

CONGCOOP - Coordinación de ONG y Cooperativas

Helmer Velasquez, Executive Director

2da Calle 16-60 zona 4,

Mixco Edificio Atanasio Tzul,

2º Nivel, Residencia Valle del Sol,

Ciudad de Guatemala

Guatemala

Tel: 00502 243 20966, 00502 243 98293

direccion2@congcoop.org.gt; Helmerv@intelnet.net.gt

CCDA - Comité Campesino del Altiplano

Leocadio Juracán Salomé

Colonia Santa Cruz Quixayá, San Lucas Tolimán, Sololá

Guatemala C. A., Guatemala

Tel: (502) 57383402, (502) 53286939, (502) 54618686

ccda_cafe_justicia@yahoo.com

UVOC - Unión Verapacense de Organizaciones Campesinas

Carlos Morales

Colonia Los Angeles, Calle al Cementario, Santa Cruz Alta,

Guatemala

Tel: +502 79591219

Cmcuvoc2013@gmail.com

CODECA - Comité de Desarrollo Campesino

Mauro Vay Gonon

10ª. Calle 5-39, Zona 2,

Mazatenango Suchitepquez, Guatemala

Tel: 00502 78721545

OXFAM

Laura Hurtado Paz

Guatemala

Academic Council

Dr Silvel Elias

Ing. Pablo Prado

Ms Patricia Castillo

Licda. Illana Moterroso

Licda. Delmi Arriaza

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Members

AAP - Aide et Action pour la Paix

Eddy Byamungu Lwaboshi

40 Av. Karisimbi, Goma, DR Congo

Tel: +243 81 17 14 146

eddybyamungu2000@yahoo.fr

ABHIYAN NEPAL

Keshab Prasad Dahal

Itahari-1, Opposite of Nepal Bank Ltd., Sunsari, Nepal

Tel: +977 25 5 83511

dahal.keshab@gmail.com

ACCION CAMPESINA

Roque Ricardo Carmona

Project Coordinator

Calle Ayacucho Oeste n. 52,

Qta. Acción Campesina.

Los Teques – Estado Miranda

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Tel: 0058 212 3214795

roquecarmona33@hotmail.com

ADHD - Auto promotion rurale pour un Développement

Humain Durable

Comla Ukuebiesse Djinadja

Quartier Tonyéviadji de Hihéatro, 200 BP 387 Atakpamé TOGO

Tel: +228 239 68 64

fredericdjinadja@yahoo.fr

AGTER

Marta Fraticelli

45 bis Av. De la Belle Gabrielle

94736 Nogent, Marne Cedex

Tel: 0033 1 43947259

marta.fraticelli@agter.org

ALOP - Asociacion Latinoamericana de Organizaciones de

Promocion

Maria Daniela Jaschek

Benjamín Franklin 186, Col. Escandón,

Ciudad de México, D. F. 11800, Argentina

Tel: (52 55) 5273 3400

djaschek@gmail.com

ALRD - Association for Land Reform and Development

Rowshan Jahan

10/11 Iqbal Road, Block-A

Mohammadpur, 1207

Dhaka, Bangladesh

Tel: 0088 02 9114660

rowshanmoni@alrd.org

ANGOC - Asian NGO for Agrarian Reform and Rural

Development

Nathaniel Don Marquez, Executive Director

6-A Malumanay St, UP Village Diliman

Po Box 3107-QCPPO

Quezon City, Philippines

Tel: 0063 2 352 0581

Ndemarquez@angoc.org

APDH - Association pour la paix et les droits de l’homme

Jean Marie Habwintahe

Ngozi (Burundi), Kigwati Quarter, Nr 31

Burundi

Tel: 00257 22302810

Jmhabwintahe@yahoo.fr

ARBAN - Association for Realisation of Basic Needs

Muhammed Kamal Uddin

House #16 (Ground Floor), Road #9/A

Dhanmondi R/A,

Dhaka-1209 – Bangladesh

Tel. +880 2 81 11 321`

arbn@dhaka.agni.com

ARNow! - The People’s Campaign for Agrarian Reform Network

Ernesto Lim

59 C. Salvador St. Loyola Heights

Quezon City, The Philippines

Tel + 63 2 9125962

arnow.inc@gmail.com

BJSA - Bharity Jan Sewa Ashram

Daulat Ram

Ghanshyampur Road, Badlapur, District-Jaunpur, UP, India

Pin-222125

Tel: 0091 05453248580

Bhartiya01@sify.com

CARRD - Center for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development

Edwin Nerva, Executive Director

No 22 Matipid Street

Sikatuna Village

Quezon City 1101, The Philippines

Tel: +63 2 9267397

bobotnerva@yahoo.com; carrdinc@gmail.com

CDA - Community Development Association

Jinnah I Mobin Shah

Upa-Shahar, Block # 1, House No-51 Dinajpur - 5200,

Bangladesh

Tel: +88-0531-64428

Cdapo@cdapo.org

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CDS - College of Development Studies

Roshana Poudyal

Old Baneshwor, Baburam Acharya Marga

Kathmandu, Nepal

Tel. +977 1 4471130

Cdsnepal@mail.com.np

CEPES - Centro Peruano de Estudios Sociales

Fernando Eguren

AV. Salaverry, 818

Jesus Maria

Lima, Perú

Tel: 0051 143 36610

Fegurenl@cepes.org.pe

CINEP - Centro de Investigación y Educación Popular

Sergio Andres Coronado Delgado

Carrera 5 No. 33ª – 08

Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

Tel: 00571 2256181

Scoronado@cinep.org.co

CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherché

Agronomique pour le développement

Ward Anseeuw

Pretoria 002; South Africa

Tel: 33 (0)1 53 70 20 00

Ward.anseeuw@up.ac.za

CISEPA-PUCP - Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas,

Económicas Políticas y Antropológicas

Alejandro Diez Hurtado, Docente Investigador

Av. Universitaria, 1800, San Miguel, Lima 32, Perú

Tel: 0051 1 626 2000 ext. 4307

adiez@pucp.edu.pe

CMA - Asociación para el Desarrollo de las Mujeres Negras

Costarricenses (Centro de Mujeres Afro)

Mauren Lizano Jiménez

San José Costa Rica, Guadalupe 400 metros este de la iglesia

Católica y 50 metros al sur, Condominio CAMUBA, apartamento

número 8

Costa Rica

Tel: 506 22539814

Mauren.lizano@gmail.com

COCOCH - Consejo de Coordinador de Organizaciones

Campesinas de Honduras

Santos Caballero

Colonia Alameda, 13ra calle Tiburcio, Casa No. 228

P.O. Box 3628 Tegucigalpa, Honduras

Tel: 00504 232 6982

Cococh_cococh@yahoo.com

CODECA - Comité de Desarrollo Campesino

Leiria Teresa Vay Garcia

General Coordinator

10ª. Calle 5-39, Zona 2,

Mazatenango Suchitepquez, Guatemala

Tel: 00502 78721545

Leira.vay@gmail.com

CODELT - Conseil pour la Défense Environnementale par la

Légalité et la tracabilité

Kabamba Mbambu Felicien

National Director

fellykabamba@yahoo.fr

Augustin Mbunga Mpoyi

Ampoyi@gmai l.com

7, avenue Mutombo Katshi

Gombe/Kinshasa

R.D./Congo

Tel. +243 818 120 166

COLARP - Consortium for Land Research and Policy Dialogue

Purna Bahadur Nepali

South Asia Regional Coordination Office Swiss National Centre

of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South GPO Box: 910

Kathmandu Ekantakuna, Jawalakhel, Kathmandu, Nepal

Tel: +977 1 5 000 053

Kumar2034@yahoo.com

CONVEAGRO - Convención Nacional de Agro Peruano

Maria Lucila Quintana

President

AV. Salaverry, 818

Jesus Maria

Lima, Peru

Tel: 0051 - 1 4231938

Email: conveagro@conveagro.org.pe ;

Lucila_quintana@yahoo.es

CPM - Coalition Paysanne de Madagascar

Jean Berthin Rabefeno

Tresorier National

Lot IVI 133 Mandialaza

Antananarivo 101 – Madagascar

Tel. +261 20 22 325 61

Email: jb.rabefeno@moov.mg ; cpm@moov.mg

CSRC - Community Self-Reliance Centre

Jagat Bahadur Basnet, Coordinator

P.B.: 19790 Samakhushi, Kathmandu

Tel/Fax: 00977-01-4426895

Email: jagatb@csrcnepal.org; roshan@shantimarg.org

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CULMN - Caribbean Network for Urban and Land Management

Jacqueline Gloria Dacosta

Off ice 18, Block 13 Department of Geomat ics Engineering and

Land Management, Faculty of Engineering The University of

the West Indies St. August ine, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica

Tel: (868) 662-2002 Ext. 3682

Jdacosta@cwjamaica.com

IWMI - International Water Management Institute

Terry Parnell

PO Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka

Tel: (94-11) 2880000

Terryeparnell@gmail.com

FAA - Federación Agraria Argentina

Walter Simon Bozikovich

Pasaje Alfonsina Storni 745 (2000) Rosario, Santa Fe Argentina

Tel: 0054 341 5122000

Walter@gobbt.com.ar

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization

Ernesto Sinopoli

Guatemala

Land Tenure and Governance

Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy

Tel: 0039 06 57055182

Ernesto.sinopoli@fao.org

FEPP - Fondo Ecuatoriano Populorum Progressio

Claudio Yhon Sanchez Macias

Mallorca N24-275 y Ave., Coruna, Quito, Ecuador

Tel: 00593 2 3227114

Ysanchez@fepp.org.ec

FES - FOUNDATION FOR ECOLOGICAL SECURITY

Jagdeesh Venkateswara Rao Puppala

P.O. Box 29, Jehangirpura Anand Gujarat Pin: 388001

Tel: 02692-261402

India

Jagdeesh@fes.org.in

FIANTSO

Jeanne Amelie Gertrude Razafindrahasy

Immeuble FH, 2ième Porte, 3ème étage, Antarandolo, 301

Fianarantsoa, Madagascar

+261 020 75 519 82

Madagascar

Amelie.razafindrahasy@fiantso.mg

FPP - Forest Peoples Programme

Alancay Morales Garro

1c Fosseway Business Centre, Stratford Road, UK

Tel: +44 1608 652893

Alancay@forestpeoples.org

FUNDACION TIERRA

Juan Pablo Chumachero Ruiz

Calle Hermano Manchego No. 2566, La Paz, Bolivia

Tel: 00591 2 2432263

J.chumacero@ftierra.org

FUNDAPAZ - Fundación para el Desarrollo en Justicia y Paz

Gabriel Seghezzo, Director

Moreno 1958 (3550)

Vera, Santa Fe – Argentina

Tel. 00954 387 4213064

gabriel.seghezzo@fundapaz.org.ar

FUNDE - Fundación Nacional para el Desarrollo

Anibal Baltazar Hernandez Chacon

Calle Arturo Ambrogi, entre 103 y 105 ave norte, casa 411,

colonia escalón, San Salvador, El Salvador

Tel: +(503) 2209‐5301

Anibal.hernandez@funde.og

GLTN - Global Land Tool Network Secretariat

Lowie Rosales

PO Box 30030, 00100

Nairobi, Kenya

Tel: 00254 20 762 5152

Lowie.rosales@unhabitat.org

GRUPO ALLPA

Pedro Jose Castillo Castañeda

AV. Salaverry 818, Jésus Maria

Lima 11, Perú

Tel: 0051 1 4336610

Pedro@cepes.org.pe

HC - Huairou Commission

Helen Toruño

249 Manhattan Avenue Brooklyn, NY 11211 USA

Tel: 1 (718) 388-8915

Rodriguez280873@yahoo.com

IALTA - International Alliance on Land Tenure and

Administration

Yongjun Zhao

Groningen Centre for Law and Governance Faculty of Law,

University of Groningen Oude Kijk in’t Jatstraat 26 9712 EK

Groningen The Netherlands

Tel: +31503635762

Yongjun.zhao@rug.nl

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IBC - Instituto del Bien Común

Miluska Carhuavilca

Subdirector de Programas

Av Petit Thouars 4377

Lima 18

Peru

Tel. 00511 421 7579

Mcarhuavilca@ibcperu.org

ICRAF - The World Agro Forestry Center

Jason Donovan

Av. La Molina 1845

Lima 12 - Peru

J.donovan@cgiar.org

IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development

Jean-Philippe Audinet

Senior Technical Advisor

Tel: 0039 06 54592305

Email: j.audinet@ifad.org

Jean Maurice Durand

Tel: 0039 06 54592321

J.durand@ifad.org

Harold Liversage

Tel: 0039 06 54592321

H.liversage@ifad.org

Via Paolo di Dono, 44

00142 – Rome, Italy

IFPRI - International Food Policy Research Institute

Ruth Meinzen Dick

R.meinzen-dick@cgiar.org

Quinn Bernier

Tel: 001 202 862 5622

Q.bernier@cgiar.org

2033 K Street, NW 2006

Washington D.C.

United States of America

ILRI - International Livestock Research Institute

Lance Robinson

PO Box 30709 Nairobi, Kenya

Tel: +254-20-4223278

L.robinson@cgiar.org

JASIL - Environment and development association “JASIL”

Hijaba Ykhanbai, Director

Office address: Ulaanbaatar-11, Baruun selbiin - 15, MAS 2-nd

bldng,# 405 409

Mongolia

Tel: 976-11-329619

Ykhanbai@hotmail.com

JKPP - Indonesian Network for Mapping Network

Ade Cholik Mutaqin

Perumahan Bogor Baru

Block B7 No. 6 – 16152

Bogor, Indonesia

Tel: 0062 251 8379143

Amutaqin@gmail.com

KLA - Kenya Land Alliance

Odenda Richard Lumumba

CK Patel Building 6th Floor

Kenyatta Avenue

Nakuru, Kenya

Tel: 00254 51 2210398

Olumumba@kenyalandalliance.or.ke

KPA - Consortium for Agrarian Reform

Dewi Kartika Abdul Hamid

Jl. Duren Tiga No. 64

Pankoran

Jakarta, Indonesia

Tel: 0062 21 79191703

Dewi@kpa.or.id

LAMOSA

Constance Mogale

Executive Director

P.O Box 62535,

Marshalltown 2107

South Africa

Tel: 002711 833 1063

Email: connie_lamosa@yahoo.com

LANDESA - Rural Development Institute

Bernice C Wuethrich

1424 Fourth Avenue, Suite 300

Seattle, WA 98101, USA

Beew@landesa.org

LNMalawi - LANDNET MALAWI

Yvonne Mmangisa

Private Bag E 408 Post Dot Net

Chichiri Blantyre, 3

Malawi

Tel: 00265 1 914554

Yvemmangisa@yahoo.com

LNWA - Land Net West Africa

Didi Odigie

Chercheur / PIC – UMB

B.P. 3041 Bamako, Mali

Tel: 00234 803 307 2338

Email: adidibee@yahoo.com; adidibee@gmail.com

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MACOFA - Mau Community Forest Association

Njoroge Joseph Karangathi

P.O. Box 881

Molo, Kenya

Tel: 00254 51 721434

Karangathi@gmail.com;mauforesta@gmail.com

MARAG

Lalji Desai

2/B Milind Park, Opposite St. Xaviers Loyala Hall, Memnagar

Road, Ahmedabad 380052.

Tel: 079-27912492

India

Lalji_satya@yahoo.co.in

MBOSCUDA - Mbororo Social and Cultural Development

Association

MUSA Usman Ndamba

National Office: Montée Aurore, Tsinga

Yaoundé, Cameroon

P.O. Box 1086

Tel. +237 22 21 2342

MUSAndamba@yahoo.com

MODE Nepal

Bharat Shrestha, Director

PO Box 8708

Kathmandu, Nepal

Tel: 00977 1 4471131

Fax: 00977 1 4478945

modenepal@mail.com.np

NCFPA - National Federation of Communal Forests and Pastures

Albora Kacani

Rr. Islam Alla, 40/1, Tirana

Albania

Tel: +355 682027707

Alborakacani@hotmail.com

NITLAPAN - Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo

Lea Maria Montes Lagos

Recinto Universitario UNIVERSIDAD Centroamericano, Nitaplan-

Uca, A-242 Managua, Nicaragua

Tel: 00505 2780627-28

Fax: 00505 2670436

Lea@ns.uca.edu.ni

OXFAM

Duncan Pruett

10 Ridgemont Close

Oxford OX2 7PJ

United Kingdom

Tel: 0044 1865 472273

Duncan.pruett@oxfamnovib.nl

PAFID - Philippine Association for Intercultural Development

David Benjamin De Vera

71 Malakas St, Diliman

Quezon City, The Philippines

Tel: 00632 9274580

Jamindevera@yahoo.com

PAKISAMA - Pambansang Kilusan ng mga Samahang

Magsasaka

Rolando Braga Modina

2F/ Partnership Center, 59 C. Salvador St., Loyola Hts., Q.C.

Tel: 632-434- 2079

Philippines

Rmodina@yahoo.com

PROCASUR - Corporación Regional

Rita Borquez

Natalio Stein 3900

Ñuñoa, Santiago de Chile Casilla 599

Ñuñoa, Santiago de Chile, Chile

Tel: 0056 995389252

Rborquez@procasur.org

ReBeSef/GDT - Réseau Béninois pour la Sécurité Foncière et la

Gestion Durable des Terres

Stanislas Brun, Executive Director

03 BP Jéricho

Cotonou, Benin

Tel. 00229 9721 6903

brunstan2000@yahoo.com; sbrun@mcabenin.bj

RECONCILE - Resource Conflict Institute

Shadrack Ouma Omondi

Po Box 7150 Nakuru 20110

Kenya

Tel: 00254 51 2211046

Shadrack@reconcile-ea.org

RISD - Rwanda Initiative for Sustainable Development

Simon James Daale

Kacyiru, P.O. Box 2669

Kigali, Rwanda

Tel: 00250 7888302867

Daalej@risdrwanda.org

RMI - Indonesian Institute for Forest & Environment

Mardha Tillah

Jl. Sempur No 55, Bogor, Indonesia

Jawa Barat (West Java) 16154

Tel: 0062 251 8311097

Mardha.tillah@rmi-bogor.org

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SAFIRE - Southern Alliance for Indigenous Resources

Gladman Mapurisa Kundhlande, Director

SAFIRE Head Office

Belvedere, 10 Lawson Avenue

Milton Park

Harare, Zimbabwe

Tel: 00263 4795461

gladmank@safire.co.zw

SAINS - Sajogyo Institute

Devi Anggraini

Malabar 22, Bogor 16151, Indonesia

Tel: +62 251 8374048

Memame.devi@gmail.com

SARRA - South Asia Rural Reconstruction Association

Rohini Reddy

Lumbini, no. 3, 2nd cross, 1st main,

Verrabadra Nagar, Maratha Halli (Post)

Bangalore – 560 037

Karnataka, India

Tel: 0091 80 2523 2227 or 2523 2644

Email: kodirohini@yahoo.com; sarraindia@gmail.com

SCOPE - Society for Conservation and Protection of

Environment

Iram Afshan

D-141 (annex) Block-2, P.E.C.H.S

Karachi-75400, Pakistan

Tel: (92-21) 4522562, 4559448

Scope@scope.org.pk

SDDPA - Society for Development of Drought Prone Area

Stephen Livera, Executive Director

H-No 42-189/1, Vengal Rao Colony,

Wanaparthy-509103, Mehabubnagar District

Andra Pradesh, India

Tel: 0091 8545 232305

Email: sddpaindia@gmail.com ; ap_sddpa@rediffmail.com

SDF - Social Development Foundation

Vidya Bhushan Rawat, Director

188 Master Block

St n. 5 Shakarpur Extension 11+92

New Delhi, India

Tel: +91 1 122462528, 65902846

Email: vbrawat@gmail.com

SER - Asociación Servicio Educativos Rurales

Alejandro Laos Fernández, Vice President

Jiron Mayta Capac 1329, Jesús Maria, Lima, Perú

Tel: 0051 01 4727950

Email: alaos@ser.org.pe

SIF - Solidarité des Intervenants sur le Foncier

Eric Hermann Raparison

Reh212001@yahoo.fr

Randrianomenjanahary Haingoarison

Tel. 00261 20 2229916

Sif@blueline.mg

Lot VK 25 Ter Ambohimanorondash

Madagascar

SIPAE - Corporación Sistema de Investigación sobre la

Problemática Agraria en el Ecuador

Francisco Javier Hidalgo Flor

Calle Jeronimo Leiton s/n y Gato Sobral, Ciudadela Universitaria,

Universidad Central del Ecuador, Edificio Facultad de Ciencias

Agrícolas, 2do. Piso, oficina 414

Ecuador

Tel: 593 (02) 2 555-726 / 3214 - 157

Francisco.hidalgo.flor@gmail.com

SNV - Netherlands Development Organisation

Teresa Yoanka Ruiz Parajón

SNV Regional Office WCA 01 BP 625, Ouagadougou 01 Burkina

Faso

Nicaragua Tel: 00 226 50 34 25 23

Tyruiz@snvworld.org

STAR KAMPUCHEA

Chet Charya

55 St. 101 Boeung Trabek, PO Box 2255

Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Tel: 00855 23 211612

Charyachet@gmail.com

TFM - Task Force Mapalad, Inc

Armando Jarilla, National Coordinator

18C Marunung St. - Barabgay, Central Diliman

Quezon City, Philippines

Tel: 00632 426 5487

Email: tfmapalad@gmail.com

TWA - Transborder Wildlife Association

Stavri Pllaha

Ruga Pandeli Cale Nr. 26

Korça, Albania

Tel: 00355 82243037

Spllaha@yahoo.com

UEFA - Union pour l’Emancipation de la Femme Autochtone

Rene Kamole Cibungiri

Commune D’Ibanda, Avenue de l’Athenee n 3 BP 1725 -

Bukavu Sud Kivu DR Congo

Tel: +243 998623642

Kamolerene@yahoo.fr

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ULA - Uganda Land Alliance

Esther Obaikol, Coordinator

PO Box 26990, Kampala, Uganda

Tel: 00256 414 540048

Email: eobaikol@ulaug.org

UMCAH - Unión de Mujeres Campesinas

Maria Alicia Calles

Tegucigalpa M.D.C. Honduras Bo. Calle principal Monseñor

Fiallos, Honduras

Tel: (504)2227-9427

Umcahon@yahoo.es

UNCCD - United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

Sergio Zelaya-Bonilla

P.O. Box 260129 D-53153

Bonn, Germany

Tel: +49 228 815 2800

Szelaya@unccd.int

WB - The World Bank

Jorge A. Muñoz

1818 H Street NW

Washington, DC, United States of America

Tel: 001 202 4585847

Email: jmunoz@worldbank.org

WRI - World Resources Institute

Candice Schibli

10 G Street NE Washington, DC 20002 USA

Tel: +1 (202) 729 7600

USA

Candy.schibli@gmail.com

XSF - Xavier Science Foundation, Inc.

Roel ravanera

2/F Agriculture Building Xavier University, Corrales Avenue,

Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental, Philippines

Tel: (638822) 72-7701

Rravanera@xu.edu.ph

ZERO - Zimbabwe Regional Environment Organisation

Welllington madumira

Zimbabwe

158 Fife Avenue, Greenwood Park, PO Box 5338

Harare, Zimbabwe

Tel. 00263 4706998

Madumira@gmail.com

ZLA - Zambia Land Alliance

Nsama nsemiwe

Godfrey House, Longolongo Road

4th floor, Rooms 4,5 and 6; Po Box 51156

Lusaka, Zambia

Tel: 00260 211 260040

Nsemiwensama@yahoo.com

STRATEGIC PARTNERS

EC - European Commission

Philippe Thevenoux

Head of Sector, Rural and Agriculture Development

# 11/50, Rue de la Loi 41

Tel: 0032 2 295 56 86

Philippe.thevenoux@ec.europa.eu

Brussels

MOFA - Ministry of Foreign Affairs the Netherlands

Frits Van Der Wal

Deputy Head/Senior Policy Advisor sustainable economic

development

frits-vander.wal@minbuza.nl

Netherlands

SDC - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

Markus Buerli

Markus.buerli@deza.admin.ch

Switzerland

SDC - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

Rufino Zapeta Garcia

rufinozapeta@yahoo.com

Guatemala

SIDA - Swedish International Development Cooperation

Agency

Margareta Nilsson

margareta.nilsson@sida.se

Sweden

NATIONAL PARTICIPANTS

AMR

Maria Raquel Vasquez

amr.coordinacion@gmail.com

Guatemala

VIA CAMPESINA

Daniel Pascual

cuc2@intelnet.net.gt

Guatemala

ILC

Glo

bal L

and

Foru

m a

nd A

ssem

bly

of M

embe

rs |

100

ACTIONAID GUATEMALA

Cesar Diaz

cesar.diaz@actionaid.org

Guatemala

ASERPAZ

Vanessa Sosa –

vanesosa21@gmail.com

Guatemala

ASERPAZ

Nery R. Villatoro Robleto

yvillato2@gmail.com

Guatemala

ASOCIACIÓN LA CUERDA

Rosalinda Hernandez Alarcón

rolaloca@yahoo.com.mx

Elena Cocon

elenacocondepatel@yahoo.es

Guatemala

ASODETS

Angel Ivàn Yoc Gòmez

comitur.tajumulco@yahoo.com

Guatemala

BELGIUM

Pascal Huwart

Guatemala

CANADA EMBASSY

Sonia Garcia Paniagua

sonia.garcia@international.gc.ca

Guatemala

CCDA

Cristina Ardon

Aniceto Montiel

Caterina Hernandez

Teodoro Juracan Cor

Johny Wilder Juracan Morales

Blanca Morales

Guatemala

CEMA

Sandra Ninnette Castañeda Paiz

sandrapaiz@gmail.com

Guatemala

CEMAT

Roberto Caceres

Guatemala

CERIXIM

Byron Garoz

garozbyron@gmail.com

Guatemala

CIRMA

Jennifer Casolo

jjcasolo@gmail.com

Guatemala

CLADEM

Mara Rodriguez Baldizon

mararodbal@hotmail.com

Guatemala

CNOC-UVOC

Alberto Acetun

Guatemala

CODECA

Miguel Ixcal

Thelma Cabrera

Basilio Sanchez

Guatemala

CODIMIN/RED SICTA

Rut Serech I Cu

mujmayas@yahoo.es

Guatemala

COLLECTIVO DE ESTUDIOS RURALES IRIM

Byron Garoz

bgaroz@cerixim.org

Guatemala

CONCAD

Irene Lopez

Guatemala

CONGCOOP

Carlos Fernando Zavala

fernandozavalag@gmail.com

Delmi Arriaza Pontaza

arriazadelmi@congcoop.org.gt

Alvaro Caballeros

alcaballeros@congcoop.org.gt

Katja Winkler

katja.winkler@gmail.com

Factor Mendez

Diana Vasquez

Juan Carlos Us Pinula

carlospinula@yahoo.es

Ant

igua

, Gua

tem

ala,

23–

27 A

pril

2013

| 10

1

Josue Chavajoy Quiblain

yoxuas@gmail.com

Roger Baldizon

rabaldizon@gmail.com

Sharon Pinzon

sharon.pinzon@gmail.com

Alejandro Aguirre

ale.aguirre2010@gmail.com

Junny Meija

j.mejia@congcoop.org.gt

Nuria Mejia Garcia

ppc@congcoop.org.gt

Arlyn Jimenez

arlyn.jimenez@gmail.com

Ponce Norayda

Zully Morales

Samuel Flores

sfloresf4@gmail.com

Saul Flores

saul_ft18@yahoo.com

Sebastian Escalon

sebastianescalon@hotmail.com

Guatemala

FEDECOAG

Edin Barrientos

edinbarrientis@gmail.com

Luis Navarro

Luis Orozco

Guatemala

FICCI

Gennario Fabian Gregorio

gennarofabian@yahoo.com

Pascual Perez Jimenez

pakalito2002@yahoo.com

Guatemala

FNPA

Juana Lorena Boix Morán

loreboix@gmail.com

Guatemala

FUNDACION GUILLERMO TORIELLO

Gustavo Pernilla

gustavo@fgtoriello.org.gt

Guatemala

FUNDESCO

Gregoria Elizabeth Pedraza Seron

fundesco.org@gmail.com

Guatemala

GWP

Elisa Colom De Moran

elisa.colom@gmail.com

Guatemala

IDR

Carmen Reira

Guatemala

IFAD

Juan Jose Pineda

j.pinedamejia@ifad.org

Santos Clayson Ferrari

s.ferrari@ifad.org

Oscar Grajeda

o.grajeda@ifad.org

Guatemala

IIES

Priscilla Chang Paiz

ppchang@url.edu.gt

Wilson Romero

Guatemala

INDEPENDENT

Edgar De Leon

edeleon18@yahoo.com

Guatemala

INVESTIGADOR

Jorge Eduardo Rodas Nuñez

jergalce@yahoo.com

Guatemala

IP EXPERT

Benito Morales

bmoraleslaynez@gmail.com

Guatemala

JADE

German Wuosbely Paz Alvarado

germanpaz@asojade.org

Guatemala

JUSTICIA ALIMENTARIA GLOBAL

Alejandro Orozco

alejovsf@gmail.com

Guatemala

ILC

Glo

bal L

and

Foru

m a

nd A

ssem

bly

of M

embe

rs |

102

MERCY CORPS

Carlos Humberto Aquino Fajardo

caquino@gt.mercycorps.org

Peter William Loach

ploach@gt.mercycorps.org

Johana Elizabeth Cab Chocooj

jecab@gt.mercycorps.org

Miguel Balan

Guatemala

OACNUDH

Victor Ferrigno F.

vmferrigno@yahoo.com

Guatemala

OHCHR

Cristina Papadopulou

cpapadopoulou@ohchr.org.gt

Guatemala

OXFAM

Juliana Turqui

jeturqui@oxfamamerica.org

Ricardo Zepeda

r.zepga@gmail.com

Claudia Avalos

cavalos@intermonoxfam.org

Giovany Uipan

gguipan@intermonoxfam.org

Guatemala

PASTORAL TIERRA

Monica Maritza Liseth Coy Choc

monik42@gmail.com

Guatemala

RIC

Juan Carlos Lopez Taracena

emiliaayusodeleon@yahoo.com

Emilia Guadalupe Ayuso De Leon

emiliaayusodeleon@yahoo.com

Guatemala

RRI

Illana Monterroso –

lmonterroso@rightsandresoruces.org

SSA

Miguel Antonio Lopez Oviroñez

mlopez@saa.gob.gt

Miguel Antonio Quintonez

Adolfo Horacio Acosta R.

ahor.52@yahoo.com.mx

Norman Martinez

nmartinez@saa.gob.gt

Fredman Pacay

fpacay@saa.gob.gt

William Santiago Andrade

Guatemala

SDC

Isabel Ramirez Kaiserauer

isabel.ramirez@eda.admin.ch

Guatemala

SEGEPLAN

Veronica Yoc Avila

veronica.yoc@segeplan.gob.gt

Guatemala

SISTEMA NACIONAL DE DIALOGO

Miguel Angel Balcarcel Jaeger

miangelba08@gmail.com

Mina Griselda Gonzalez Navichoc

corazonmaya.g@gmail.com

Guatemala

UNIVERSIDAD RAFAEL GUATEMALA

Jaime Arturo Carrera Cruz

jcarrera@url.edu.gt

Guatemala

UNIVERSIDAD SAN CARLOS

José Pablo Prado Cordova

pprado@usac.edu.gt

Sandra Castañeda Paiz

Guatemala

URL

Peter Marchetti

pmarchettiraph@gmail.com

Guatemala

Ant

igua

, Gua

tem

ala,

23–

27 A

pril

2013

| 10

3

USAC

Ligia Monteroso

pprado@usac.edu.gt

Pedro Paredes

pprado@usac.edu.gt

Pedro Cabrera

pprado@usac.edu.g

Silvel Elias

pprado@usac.edu.gt

Mario Godinez

pprado@usac.edu.gt

Guatemala

USAID

Teresa Robles

trobles@usaid.gov

UVOC

Ana Morales Cu

moralesprocuracion@gmail.com

Maria Cahuec

mujeruvoc@yahoo.es

Sandra Calel

mujeruvoc@yahoo.es

Rony Ezequiel Morales

cmcuvoc2013@gmail.com

Guatemala

VSF

Fernando Alonzo

jose.f.alonzo@gmail.com

Guatemala

WB

Oscar Avalle

oavalle@worldbank.org

Paul Siegel

pbs11pbs@yahoo.com

Guatemala

Patricia Castillo

Guatemala

Elias Silvel

Guatemala

INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPANTS

CONSULTANT

Birgitte Feiring

bfeiring@gmail.com

Denmark

INCEDES

Eduardo Baumeister

ebaumeis@gmail.com

Nicaragua

WORLD RURAL FORUM

Jose Antonio Osaba

osabajose@gmail.com

Spain

ICNVP

Janaq Male

janaq.male@cnvp-eu.org

Albania

FUNDACION COSECHA

Claudia Carcamo

claudia@sustainableharvest.org

Honduras

FERRARA UNIVERSITY

Gabriella Rossetti

rtg@unife.it

Italy

IFAD

Riccardo Valentino

r.valentino@ifad.org

Steven Jonckheere

s.jonckheere@ifad.org

Italy

ILC

Glo

bal L

and

Foru

m a

nd A

ssem

bly

of M

embe

rs |

104

OHCHR

Alberto Brunori

abrunori@ohchr.org.gt

Italy

TERRA PROJECT

Rocco Rorandelli

rocco@terraproject.net

Italy

CONSULTANT

Filippo Brasesco

brasescof@gmail.com

Netherlands

OXFAM

Ana Maria Martinez

ammartinez@intermonoxfam.org

Nicaragua

DFID

Iris Krebber

I-Krebber@dfid.gov.uk

UK

Sergio De Leon

Msergiodeleon@aol.com

UK

NAMATI

Rachel Knight

rachaelknight@namati.org

USA

OMYDIAR NETWORK

Peter John Rabley

prabley@omidyar.com

USA

OXFAM

Stephanie Burgos

sburgos@oxfamamerica.org

Melanie Pinkert

melanie.pinkert@oxfaminternational.org

USA

RRI

Omaira Bolanos Cardensa

obolanos@rightsandresources.org

Andy White

awhite@rightsandresources.org

USA

VALE COLUMBIA CENTER

Kaitlin Cordes

kyc2112@columbia.edu

USA

WB

Enrique Pantoja

epantoja@worldbank.org

Stamatis Kotouzas

skotouzas@worldbank.org

Tatiana Tassoni

ttassoni@worldbank.org

USA

Tactical Tech

Gilberto Cutrupi

Italy

Ant

igua

, Gua

tem

ala,

23–

27 A

pril

2013

| 10

5

ILC SECRETARIAT – INTERNATIONAL LAND COALITION

Madiodio Niasse

Director

m.niasse@landcoalition.org

Annalisa Mauro

l.mauro@landcoalition.org

Michael Taylor

m.taylor@landcoalition.org

Sabine Pallas

s.pallas@landcoalition.org

Dunia Mennella

d.mennella@landcoalition.org

Lucia Angelucci

l.angelucci@landcoalition.org

Luca Miggiano

l.miggiano@landcoalition.org

Andrea Fiorenza

a.fiorenza@landcoalition.org

Tin Geber

t.geber@landcoalition.org

Sandra Apaza (Spain)

sandra@landcoalition.info

Neil Sorensen

n.sorensen@landcoalition.org

Silvia Forno

s.forno@landcoalition.org

Jan Cherlet

j.cherlet@landcoalition.org

Erika Carrano

e.carrano@landcoalition.org

David Alejandro Rubio Torres

d.rubio@landcoalition.org

Karishma Boroowa

k.boroowa@landcoalition.org

Yussuf Nsengiyumva (Rwanda)

y.nsengiyumva@landcoalition.org

Janet Gunter (consultant, UK)

janet.gunter@gmail.com

International Land Coalition Secretariat Via Paolo di Dono 44 , 00142-Rome, Italy

tel. +39 06 5459 2445 fax +39 06 5459 3445 info@landcoalition.org www.landcoalition.org

Our MissionA global alliance of civil society and intergovernmental organisations working together to

promote secure and equitable access to and control over land for poor women and men

through advocacy, dialogue, knowledge sharing, and capacity building.

Our VisionSecure and equitable access to and control over land reduces poverty and contributes to

identity, dignity, and inclusion.