DRAFT 1

Topic: How useful is the application of biotechnology in the treatment of

infections? Give specific examples to support your argument  

Primary Question: How Biotechnology has helped on treatment of infections?

I - INTRODUCTION

 A - What is infection?

B - Rise of the number of infections.

C - Thesis statement. 

Working Thesis:

The developing of biotechnology techniques become affecting positively the

treatment of infections in worldwide, making it easy and fast and reducing its

costs.

II –

The biotechnology field is one of those that more have increased on the

last years; the techniques have been improved and led to discovery of new

products and treatments. Sambamurthy and Kar (2006) define biotechnology as

a categoric application of principles based in science and engineering that

modify the material through biological methods resulting in better products and

benefits. Currently the manipulation of the genome has been used largely for

applications in different fields on industry and in the research characterizing a

strong tool applied principally in four main categories: 1- make improvements to

existing products; 2- development of new products; 3- recreation of products by

different means; and 4- improve outcomes and the quality of products (Ratledge

 

 

and Kristiansen, 2001). The biotechnology can be divided into innumerable

fields, one of them is responsible for the creation, application and action of new,

more specific and effective drugs. This special area, pharmaceutical

biotechnology, is responsible for produce substances called macromolecules,

as therapeutics monoclonal antibodies and gene therapy vector, through

techniques of genetic manipulation as Recombinant DNA Technology

(Sambamurthy and Kar, 2006). Moreover, this field should be capable to identify

possible molecular targets, places or organisms whose are essential in disease,

to drugs action being considered one of the mightiest techniques in discoveries

based on genomics (Ratledge and Kristiansen, 2001).

One of the practical applications for these targets is the bacteriophages

use in the treatment of infections by bacteria. These are the viruses found more

easily on the nature and was firstly used on the 18th century, shortly after being

discovered as mentioned by Haq, Chaudhry, Akhtar, Anleeb and Qadri (2012).

 According with them, phages are specific for determined bacteria characterizing

a massive advantage because they will not generate extensive damage on the

natural bacterial flora, also they dissipate easily for every part of the body

although they may be recognized as harmful by the immune system, disrupting

the treatment. Techniques such as the use of bacteriophages has been

improved and new methods are being discovered and implemented in the

treatment of infections in order to be more specific and reduce the chances of

failure.

III – BIOTECHNOLOGY ON TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS (EXAMPLE 1)

 A – Study in a simple use of biotechnology

 

 

1. Theory

2. Methods

3. Results

B – Problems found on the research.

IV – CREATION OF ENVELOPMENT TO CONTAIN THE HIV.

 A – Principles of the research

1. How it will work?

2. Developing

3. Current results

4. Expectations

B – Ethic questions

V - CONCLUSION

 

 

REFERENCES

Haq, I. U., Chaudhry, W. N., Akhtar, M. N. Anleeb & Qadri, I. (2012),

Bacteriophages and the implications on future biotechnology: a review.

Virology Journal, 9(9), 1-9. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-9-9.

Ratledge, C. & Kristiansen, B. (2001). Basic biotechnology. Cambridge, United

Kingdom: Cambridge University press.

Sambamurthy, K. & Kar, A. (2006). Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. Daryaganj,

New Delhi, New Age International Ltd.