ise 311 - 8 1 operations analysis operations analysis location analysis pareto analysis process...
TRANSCRIPT
ISE 311 - 8 1
Operations Analysis
SubjectiveEvaluation
ProcessAnalysis
ParetoAnalysis
Locationanalysis
OperationsAnalysis
ISE 311 - 8 2
Location Analysis
• Location of One Item Example: Locating printer, scanner, & copier station in a department.
• Systematic Layout of Multiple Items See pp. 114-117
A
B
1
3
2
4
5
ISE 311 - 8 3
Pareto Diagram
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25
Cause of Waiting
Cu
mu
lati
ve %
of
To
tall
Pareto Analysis: ‘Fight the Giants’
• Concept – bulk of the problems (opportunities) are concentrated in a few items
“Fight the Giants”
• Example: causes of long wait times at a health clinic (data attached.)
ISE 311 - 8 4
Process Analysis
• Overview of the process• Identify opportunities for improvement• Useful communication tool• Major types
Process chart• single object / person (Ergo disk)
• assembly process
• multi-activity chart (Ergo disk) Flow diagram (Ergo disk, Visio) Fish (Ishikawa) diagram (Visio) Decision structure table
ISE 311 - 8 5
Process chart
• Symbology
• Details time, distance SEARCH notes
• Documentation• Example – preparing a form letter for mailing
see next page
ISE 311 - 8 6
In Ergo …
ISE 311 - 8 7
• Usually combined with process chart to visualize physical space.
• Example: Preparation and gathering for a design team meeting. (See next page.)
Flow Diagram
ISE 311 - 8 8
1
1
1
2
3
1
3
4
45 6
6
Flow diagram of design team meeting (Visio)
1
2
3 4
5
6
1
1
ISE 311 - 8 9
Other process charts
• Assembly process charts show relationships among components, how several
processes interact useful for methods analysis identify delays, storage problems example, pg. 121
• Multi-activity chart ‘gang chart’, ‘man-machine’ chart, ‘left-hand right hand’ chart
common, scaled time axis• identify idle time, unbalanced operations
• opportunities for
– job sharing
– double tooling
– kitting examples, pg. 123
ISE 311 - 8 10
Fish Diagrams
• aka, Ishikawa diagram, Cause & Effect diagram• Useful for brainstorming, identify opportunities to
improve• ‘Head’ of the fish is the problem or desired effect• ‘Skeleton’ identifies potential causes
4 M’s – manpower, machines, methods, materials 4 P’s – policies, procedures, people, plant
ISE 311 - 8 11
Example
• Improve design team meeting productivity
Meeting productivity
Procedures Policies
People Plant(materials, locations, etc.)
ISE 311 - 8 12
Subjective Evaluation
• Borg Vote – Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) multiply by 10 to estimate heart rate.
6
7
8
9
10
Very, very light
Very light
How you feel when lying in bed or sitting in a chair relaxed.
Little or no effort.
11
12
13
Fairly light
Somewhat hard
Target range: How you should feel with exercise or activity
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Hard
Very hard
Very, very hard
How you felt with the hardest work you have ever done.
Don't work this hard!
ISE 311 - 8 13
Subjective Evaluation
• Body discomfort map Body portions
ISE 311 - 8 14
Body Discomfort Scales
• Borg
0 0.5
1 2 3 4
Nothing at all Extremely weak Very weak Weak Moderate
5 6
Strong
7 8 9
Very strong
10
•
Extremely strong Maximal
• Discomfort scale
Comfort
Discomfort
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
• Category partitioning• See table 9.9, pg. 126
ISE 311 - 8 15
Relative and Absolute Scales
• Semantic differential (absolute scale) Rate aspects of the workspace, methods, etc. on a scale between 2
opposite adjectives, e.g.
comfortable ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ uncomfortable
spacious ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ : ___ cramped
• Alternatively, choose one adjective (acceptable, comfortable, etc.) and evaluate several aspects of the workplace, methods, etc. on that one objective
e.g., acceptability, comfort, etc.
ISE 311 - 8 16
Relative and Absolute Scales
• Paired votes (relative) Compare two alternatives on a relative ranking scale, e.g.
Visibility of two different computer monitors
Choose A or B
Indicate degree of preference
absolutely better
significantly better
much better
somewhat better
equal to
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISE 311 - 8 17
Related Concepts
• Evolutionary Operation of Processes (EVOP) Designed series of experiments to evaluate the effects on
the output of the process of changing specific variables Key idea is to make changes while the process is active (i.e.,
not as a separate experiment) Substitute number of runs for strict control
• Project scheduling CPM PERT