anti-plagiarism and citation order/referencing techniques h. a. liyai university of nairobi library...
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ANTI-PLAGIARISM AND CITATION
ORDER/REFERENCING TECHNIQUES
H. A. LIYAIUNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI
LIBRARY
1University of Nairobi ISO 9001:2008 1 Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
Presented atUniversity of Nairobi, Board of
Postgraduate Studies, workshop on Postgraduate supervision,
held on December 10, 2013 at the Central Catering Unit
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Definition• The action or practice of taking someone else’s
work, idea, etc and passing it as one’s own• It is simply literary theft (O.E. Dictionary 2000)• In academic institutions, it is a vice which
negatively impacts on the advancement of both the institution and the individual.
• The University community as a whole has to deal with plagiarism issues
• The Library as custodian of information resources has the responsibility to ensure prudent use of the resources
A. PLAGIARISM
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9 February 2012: Office of the DVC, RPE• Training for Senate members at School of
Computing and Informatics• Practicals on plagiarism check tools• Subsequent training of staff carried out by
Library Department.
ANTI-PLAGIARISM TRAINING
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30th August 2012 VC appointed Committee1. Prof. J. Mariara - School of Economics - Chair2. Prof. Otieno Odek - School of Law3. Prof. J. Ochanda - CEBIB4. Dr. D. Ongore - School of Public Health5. Dr. L. Ikamari -6. Prof. E. Mutitu - BPS7. Mrs. J. Were – Library8. Mr. H. A. Liyai - “9. Mr. J. Mwangi - “10.Ms. E. Obachi - “
Product: UON Plagiarism Policy, March 2013 (on UON Intranet)
UON POLICY ON PLAGIARISM
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Objectives:• Maintenance of academic integrity• Strengthen innovativeness• Encourage creativity• Set rules for detecting, prevention and addressing
plagiarism• Establish mechanisms for reporting plagiarism• Develop procedures for dealing with cases of plagiarism• Operate within legal framework - Compliance with various Acts, Constitution and other
UON Policies – IP, Research, etc
UON PLAGIARISM POLICY
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Spells out 15 forms touching on students, researchers, supervisors, submission of papers, publishing, etc.
FORMS OF PLAGIARISM
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• Spells out 12 mechanisms to ensure detection, prevention and dealing with arising cases
• Awareness raising• Committees at College level• Procedures for detecting plagiarism• Procedures for dealing with students’ and
staffs’ works• Penalties
POLICY STATEMENT
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Four forms for students and staff covering: Declaration – originality of work
• Plagiarism incident reporting form
APPENDICES:
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Short term:• Use of notice-board for relevant notices• Use of E-mails (intranets) to alert the community on
policies• Formal meetings of University boards• Help – desk platform• Students’ handbooks and brochures• Communication skills/orientation sessions• Open days and publicity events• Procurement of anti-plagiarism software, Turnitin-in
process
Implementation of Policy: Library
Strategies
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Long term:• Develop UON citation manual/Policy• Explore – subscription to mobile alert services.• Update Library rules to capture plagiarism
issues• Create a Library Unit to support Research
Proposal writing and information search• Formalise Information Literacy programmes
incorporating plagiarism issues
Implementation of Policy: Library
Strategies
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B. CITATION ORDER/REFERENCING
TECHNIQUES
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• “I stood on the shoulders of giants to see far” Isaac Newton
• Knowledge is cumulative – we build an existing stock of knowledge
• Re-inventing the wheel or Redesigning for changing terrains?
• Therefore acknowledge the contributors• Citation in all forms: Bibliographies, References,
Quotations, Footnotes, etc• Impact: Quality literature analysis, research output
and standards of presentation
KNOWLEDGE
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• Given Information explosion, provides quick access to information sources
• Acknowledge sources used:- Intellectual honesty c.f. plagiarism- Attribution and credit- Assumed permission under copyright conventions• Give authority – Newton’s giants• Access to sources for further research, reading,
critiques• Academic standards and requirements
IMPORTANCE
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• Evolved and designed by institutions• Ensure easy access• Ensure accuracy• Ensure consistency – Left Hand Drive or
Right Hand Drive• Set essential bibliographic details
CITATION STYLES AND STANDARDS
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• Issued by establishments – publishing, printing, research, professional bodies
• Guidance on typography, spelling, capitalization, punctuation, bibliographic description
• Quality and consistency of output • Examples: Harvard, Chicago, Modern Language Association (MLA),
American Psychological Association (APA), British Standards Institution, Cambridge handbook
Important:- Consistency for whichever used- Local adoption and customizing- Individual researcher’s preferences
STYLE MANUALS
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• Books• Chapters• Articles• Reports• Conference papers• Newspaper article• Audiovisual materials• Internet
SOURCES CITED
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• Authorship – Individuate, corporate, editor, compiler• Title – Main, Sub-, Parallel• Place – City/Town• Publisher• Year• Edition• Pagination• Series• Illustrations• Appendices• Accompanying materials
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DETAILS
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• Good citation does not start after writing a paper• Starts at the conceptualization stage of the
research problem• Think about what you have read, literature
search/surveys, writings, bibliographies, etc• Note-taking and bibliographic details of works
used is essential• On-line tools e.g. Endnote, Research notebooks
STRATEGY
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• Neville, Colin “The complete guide to referencing and avoiding plagiarism”. McGraw Hill, 2nd ed. 2010
• Online sources – various other style guides based on conventional styles
• “APA style guide-electronic references” 6th ed. 2012
• Mooney, H. and M.P. Parker, The anatomy of a data citation “Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Comm.”, (1) 2012
SOME REFERENCES
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THANK YOU
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