answers and explanations of homework1...microscopy microscopes are the most important tools of...
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Answers and explanations of homework1T1 questions: 5,6,7,8;18,20,21,24,26,27,28,30,34,35,36,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50B2 questions: 5,6,7,78,79,86,87,88CB questions: 11,12,13,14,23,29,36,41,44,49,50,51
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T1 questions
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Xr Y
Xr XrXr XrY
X XXr XY
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The synthesis and breakdown of polymers
(a) Dehydration reaction: When a covalent bond forms between two monomers, each monomer contributes part of water that is released during the reaction: one provides a hydroxyl group(-OH), the other gives a hydrogen (-H).
(b) Hydrolysis (catabolism): The bond between two monomers is broken by addition of a water molecule, with hydrogen attached to one monomer and hydroxyl group attached to adjacent monomer.
Q1. How many molecules of water are needed to complete
hydrolyze a polymer that is ten monomers long?
Q2. Catabolism refers to breaking down complex macromolecules into their basic components, many biological processes use hydrolysis for catabolism. Hydrolysis of proteins could directly result in:
A. free water; B. adenine; C. cholesterol; D. Dipeptides
Dipeptides =two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond
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A a
A AA Aa
a Aa aa
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Microscopy
Microscopes are the most important tools of cytology, the
study of cell structure
Three important parameters in microscopy are magnification, contrast, and resolution.
Magnification is the ratio of an object’s image size to its real size. Light microscopes can magnify
effectively to about 1,000 times the actual size of the specimen;
Contrast, accentuates differences in parts of the sample. Improvements in light microscopy have
included new methods for enhancing contrast, such as staining or labeling cell components with
different color to stand out visually.
Resolution is a measure of the clarity of the image; it is the minimum distance two points can be
separated and still be distinguished as two points. the light microscope cannot resolve detail finer than
about 0.2 micrometer (μm), or 200 nanometers (nm), regardless of the magnification.
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College board questions
11D, 12E, 13A, 14A
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