answer key - compass pub answer key note: graphic organizer answers are suggestions ......

74 Answer Key

Note: Graphic Organizer answers are suggestionsonly and may not match students’ answersexactly.

Preview Test

01 Psychology

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (B)4. (D) 5. (B) 6. (C)

02 Art History

7. (B) 8. (B) 9. (B)10. (C) 11. (B) 12. (C)

03 Service Encounter

13. (B) 14. (A), (C) 15. (C)16. (B) 17. (A)

Chapter 1 Main Idea Questions

01 Astronomy

1. (C) 2. (B)

Summary: The professor compares the surfaces ofthe moon and the planet Mercury. The professorfirst mentions that the moon contains maria, whichare dark, flat areas caused by lava flow in themoon’s early history. The professor then says thesurfaces are similar because of the craters thateach has. Finally, the professor mentions theunique scarps on Mercury, which are raised areasthat look like wrinkles.

02 History

1. (D) 2. (A)

Summary: The professor discusses the role thatpublic baths played in Roman culture. First, theprofessor briefly mentions the increase in hygienebefore moving on to the way the baths became apart of daily life. The professor then mentions howthe baths included areas to exercise, giving the culture a source of entertainment and fitness. Last,the professor says that the baths were importantcenters for political discussion.

03 Office Hours

1. (A) 2. (B)

Summary: The student visits the professor becauseshe wants to get credit for creating a program for anarchaeology trip during the summer. The professordescribes what is necessary for the project to beapproved and offers to sponsor the project for thestudent. The student will view the online checklistand gather the correct materials.


Scarps --- raisedareas resemblingwrinkles that arecaused by shrinking of its surface after cooling

Craters --- roundholes on the surface caused bymeteorite impacts

Flat, dark areascovering the surface that arecaused by lavaflow in the moon’shistory

Mercury Both The moon

Mercury vs. The moon Student wants to get creditfor computer program shewill write for summer trip

Problem Solution

Professor suggests independentstudy, offers to sponsor project

Student locked out of dormroom

Look for RA with key to let himin

Find custodian who might havekey

Problem Solution

Public areas for bathingand socializing

Definition Role

Roman Public Baths

Led to better hygiene

Became enjoyable part of dailysocial life

Provided source of entertainment and fitness

Gave people place to discusspolitics

Answer Key

An

swer K

ey

Answer Key 75

1. (B) 2. (D)

Summary: The student has locked himself out ofhis room and asks the desk employee how he canget back into his room. The desk employee discoversthat the key is missing and says an RA has it. Shethen suggests that the student find the RA or find acustodian that might have a key.

05 Business

1. (B) 2. (A)

Summary: The professor discusses the advantagesand disadvantages of outdoor advertising. He saysthat this kind of advertising is seen by a lot of people.However, it is also harder to control who sees the ad.The professor then says that these advertisementscan be very creative. However, he adds that creativity can be very expensive to accomplish.

06 Film Studies

1. (C) 2. (D)

Summary: The professor describes three devicesused in early animation. The first was thePhenakistoscope and consisted of pictures drawnon a disc and viewed through slits. The next wascalled the Kinematoscope and improved upon thePhenakistoscope by adding a cabinet. Last, thePraxinoscope used a drum instead of a wheel andused mirrors to keep the image steady.

07 Office Hours

1. (D) 2. (A)

Summary: The student goes to see the professorto ask about using a video and a CD in a paper.After clearing up some confusion, the professorsays that the student can reference the music onthe CD in the paper. However, with the video, theprofessor suggests that the student do a presentationto show the video itself.


1. (C) 2. (C)

Summary: The student visits the campus securityoffice late at night because he has left his backpackin the library, which is now closed for the night. Theofficer checks the lost and found and contacts theother officers to try to find it. They finally contact anofficer who is still in the library, and the backpack isfound.

09 Sociology

1. (B) 2. (D)

Summary: The professor discusses a theory ofstratification by Davis and Moore. The theory says

Billboards Transit advertising

Outdoor Advertising

Example

Seen by many people

Opportunity for creativity

Cannot control who sees ad

Can be very expensive

Advantage Disadvantage

Student wants to use CD forhis paper

Problem Solution

Can use lyrics and brieflydescribe music

Student wants to use videofor his paper

Do a presentation to showvideo

Student left backpack inlibrary and it is now locked

Problem Solution

Officer contacts another officer, who finds backpack

Some jobs have highersalaries to encourage people to do difficult jobs

Doctors must receive trainingand spend a lot of money toprepare, high salary is reward

Teachers are as necessary asdoctors, though reward is thejob itself instead of large salary

Theory Example

Davis and Moore’s Principles of Stratification

Early Animation Devices

Phenakistoscope

Kinematoscope

Type Explanation

Praxinoscope

Static pictures on a wheel, slit to view pictures

Improved by enlarging cabinet or housing

Drum instead of wheel, used mirror tosteady image

76 Answer Key

that some jobs have more rewards to encouragepeople to do them. The professor first discusses adoctor as an example of a difficult job that has ahigh salary. The professor then discusses a teacher,which is also a difficult and necessary position, butdoes not pay well. The professor explains that thishappens because the act of teaching is a reward initself and does not require a higher pay.

10 Biology

1. (A) 2. (B)

Summary: The professor describes Koch’s GermTheory of Disease and his postulates. The postulatesrequire the following: the organism to be present inall cases of the disease, a pure culture to be grown,disease in a healthy animal to be caused by theculture, and similarity in blood samples to existbetween the original culture and a sample from theinfected animal. The professor describes howKoch’s postulates aided him in discovering thespecific organism that causes tuberculosis.

Chapter 2 Detail Questions

01 Art History

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A)

Summary: The professor explains that during theGreat Depression, photographers began to takephotos of real people in difficult situations. A government program hired photographers to takepictures, and many photographers focused onfarmers who migrated to California because theirfarms had been destroyed by dust storms. Thesephotos went on to influence later photographs.

02 Business

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A), (D)

Summary: The professor describes two views ofconflict in organizations. Frederick Taylor thoughtconflict was harmful at work and hindered productivity.He believed that managers could avoid conflictthrough proper use of scientific management.Conversely, Robbins’s interactionist view proposedthat conflict can also have enormous benefits to anorganization. He says that conflict is unavoidableand can be managed in ways to raise productivity.

03 Office Hours

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (C)

Summary: The student thinks that nature writingwould make a good class. The professor said shehad tried to get it approved in the past, but that thedepartment head did not think the course would bepopular enough. The professor says that if the studentcan get thirty students to send letters to the departmenthead, then he would probably approve the class.

Organism must be present in sicksubject, never in healthy subject

Pure culture must be grown

Healthy animal should be infectedand become sick

Blood sample must match originalculture

Koch applied his postulates to identifycause of tuberculosis

Koch’s Germ Theory of Disease

Requirement Result

GreatDepression

Government becameinvolved in arts

FSA hires photographers to document events

Realism in photography

Emotion of migrantmother in DorotheaLange photo

Great Depression Photography

Cause Effect Support

Traditional Both Interactionist

Traditional Theory vs. Interactionist Theory

• Conflict can bebeneficial

• Conflict isunavoidable

• Conflict shouldbe managed toreduce harm andincrease benefits

• Proper management ofconflict increasesproductivity

• Conflict is alwaysharmful

• Conflict can beavoided throughscientific management

• Conflict hindersproductivity

Problem Solution

If student can get thirty classmates to send lettersthen department mightapprove it

Department head does notthink class would be popular

Answer Key 77

An

swer K

ey


1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (C)

Summary: The student wants to change his mealplan because he has a hectic schedule and is notusing his current plan to its full potential. He firstsettles for a plan with fewer meals. However, he stillthinks that he will be wasting meal credits. Theemployee suggests “Meal Points” that will allow himto buy meals when he needs to.

05 Astronomy

1. (B) 2. (B), (C) 3. (B)

Summary: The professor explains how the Earth’satmosphere was formed. First, solar wind blew thehydrogen and helium gases into space. Next, activityfrom the Earth’s interior released water vapor, carbondioxide, and nitrogen into the air (outgassing), creatinga hot, dense atmosphere. Once the Earth cooled,water vapor condensed into precipitation. Oncealgae and plants evolved, they absorbed carbondioxide and released oxygen into the atmosphere.

06 Zoology

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A)

Summary: The professor discusses the similaritiesand differences between gorillas and chimps. Theseanimals share similar DNA and live in male-dominatedsocieties. However, gorilla groups are smaller, consistof only one male per group, and rely on strength todetermine the leader. Chimp groups are larger, canconsist of several males per group, and have beenknown to rely on intelligence to determine the leader.

07 Office Hours

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (D)

Summary: The student goes to the professor todiscuss questions on the test that were not in thestudy guide. The study guide only briefly listed thekey topics. The professor informs the student thatshe should also use her class notes to study fortests rather than relying on the study guide, as it is notan in-depth list of everything that will be on the test.


Student feels he is wasting meals with current meal plan

Purchase plan with fewer meals per week

Purchase meal points, which are moreflexible

Sun’s particles blow hydrogen andhelium gasesinto space

Volcanic activityreleasesCO2, nitrogen, andwater vaporinto atmosphere

Earth cooledand watervapor condensed,forming precipitation

Algae andplants absorbcarbon dioxide fromatmosphereand releaseoxygen

Formation of Earth’s Atmosphere

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

• Dominancerelies on bruteforce

• Dominance candepend on intelligence

Gorillas

Gorillas vs. Chimpanzees

Both Chimpanzees

• Small group size • Male-dominatedgroups

• Large groups (50 or more individuals)

• One male ineach group

• Similar DNA • Several males in group

Problem Solution

Problem Reason Solution

Student hasbeendependingtoo much onstudy guides

Use study guide inconjunction with notes

Fill out study guides in-depth

Student has notbeen doing well ontests; feels studyguides do not reflecttest questions

Problem Solution Actual Cause of Problem

Students whobreak gymequipmentmust pay feeand fill outform

Pin holding weightstogether fell out

Student thinkssteel cablebroke on weightlifting machine

78 Answer Key

1. (C) 2. (C), (D) 3. (B)

Summary: A student approaches a gym employeeand says she may have broken the weightliftingmachine. She thinks she will have to pay for it completely, but the employee tells her the school’sinsurance will cover it. She has to fill out a form andpay a fee. The employee walks over to the machineand realizes that it is not broken. A part that holdsthe weights together has fallen out, and just needsto be re-inserted.

09 Psychology

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B)

Summary: The professor explains that the facialfeedback hypothesis states that our emotions areactivated by the expressions we make during anemotional situation. Tests of this hypothesis showedthat facial expressions do not cause emotions to happen, but that they can exaggerate or suppress anemotion that a person is already experiencing.

10 Geography

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (B)

Summary: Thomas Malthus predicted that thepopulation would increase until there would not beenough resources for everyone. He predictedcatastrophes such as worldwide famine, andbelieved the only way to reduce population growthwas through massive human suffering. He alsothought that the wealth of economically developedcountries would encourage their inhabitants tohave more children. Both of his predictions werefalse.

l Vocabulary Review 1 l

1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B)4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (A)7. (A) 8. (B)

9. (A) 10. (D) 11. (B)12. (D) 13. (C) 14. (C)15. (D)

16. midterm 17. hectic 18. stress19. RAs 20. rounds

21. (C) 22. (B) 23. (D)24. (E) 25. (A)

l Mini Test 1 l

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (C)4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (C)

7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (B)10. (A) 11. (C) 12. (B)

13. (C) 14. (D) 15. (B)16. (B) 17. (A)

Emotions areactivated byfacial expressions

Studies show emotions not activated solely byfacial expressions

Brain sends signal to part that controls facialmovement

Facial expressions exaggerate or suppress emotions

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Population increasing atsuch a rate that planet willno longer sustain us, resulting in massive famineand death

Wealthy countries havedecreasing population rate

Worldwide famine did notoccur

Technology has made it possible for world to sustaincurrent population

Definition Refutation

Thomas Malthus’s Theory

Answer Key 79

An

swer K

ey

Chapter 3 Function Questions

01 Psychology

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (A)

Summary: The professor discusses LawrenceKohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development, which isseparated into six stages that fall into threecategories. In the pre-conventional stages, peopleonly consider themselves. In the conventionalstages, people develop moral reasoning. In thepost-conventional stages, people begin to dosomething because they know it benefits society.

02 Philosophy

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (C)

Summary: The professor compares objectivismand solipsism. She says that objectivists believe thata world exists outside of the mind, while solipsistsbelieve that nothing exists outside of how we perceiveit. In addition, objectivism says that our senses provethe existence of things outside of the mind, whilesolipsism argues that our mind creates those senses.

03 Office Hours

1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C)

Summary: The student visits the professor’s office todiscuss her concerns about her future in teaching.The professor responds by giving two different suggestions. The first is that she just simply notworry about it. However, when the student continuesto ask for advice, the professor suggests that sheconsider doing an independent study course.


1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A)

Summary: The student visits the university healthoffice to find out about health insurance. The womanexplains that it is available for any student who hasgraduated, and then mentions a policy that costs$50 dollars a month and requires a $1,000 deductibleand $45 co-pay on prescriptions. The student feelsthat this policy would not be beneficial due to itshigh cost.

05 Business

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (A)

Summary: The professor discusses three advantagesof magazine advertising: the ability for advertisingcreativity, an established readership base, andspecialized markets. However, he also mentionsthree disadvantages. He cites infrequent production,limited customer bases, and advertising competitionas a few reasons why these types of ads may notalways be the most beneficial.

Offers complete vision, dental,and medical coverage

Covers all major medical procedures

Does not pay for minor thingslike prescriptions

Policyholder may be payingfor coverage not ever used

Easy to qualify for

Requires expensivedeductible and co-pay beforecoverage begins


Alumni Health Insurance

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

Pre-conventional Conventional Post-conventional

Individual onlythinks of “right” inregard to self

Begins to consider“right” in relation tohow society seesright and wrong

Begins to developideas of right andwrong withoutregard to society

• Reality is independent ofour minds

• Metaphysicalroots

• Reality is manufacturedby our minds

• Our sensory perceptionsprove its existence

• Cannot beproven becausesenses are manufactured

Objectivism vs. Solipsism

Objectivism Both Solipsism

Student wantsexperience teaching beforegraduation

Student shouldtake independent study course

Design lessonplans

Help professorteach

More creativity with ads

Established readership base

Specialized markets

Infrequent print dates

Limited customer base

Advertisement competition


Magazine Advertisements

Problem Solution Aspect

80 Answer Key

06 History

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A)

Summary: The professor discusses ways in whichthe railroad affected the American West. He firstsays that it made new towns possible. He then discusses the large-scale deaths of bison acrossthe region. He goes on to explain the effects of therailroad on the Native Americans, and finally discusses the changes that occurred by bringinglivestock into the area. While the railroad had somenegative effects, it also shaped the West’s history.

07 Office Hours

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (C)

Summary: The student goes to see the professor in orderto discuss an upcoming research paper. The professorsuggests narrowing down the sources by using a timelineto figure out the most important events. He then suggestsusing academic sources, such as journal articles. Healso proposes working in an order that builds on what thereaders know, slowly introducing them to more information.


1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (B)

Summary: The student goes to the university bookstore for the textbook buyback, but the bookstoreemployee informs him that not all of his books canbe bought back. He asks the employee if there isanything else that can be done. The employeeresponds by telling him about an online textbooktrading website. She explains how it works, what isrequired, and what some of its disadvantages are.She also tells him how to use the website.

09 Environmental Science

1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (A)

Summary: The professor discusses the problem of disposing of nuclear waste with the class. He beginsby discussing processes of making the waste morestable. He then discusses storing waste underground.Last, he discusses submerging the waste in the ocean,burying it in remote areas, and sending it into space.

10 Art History

Information

Sources

Organization

Time

Make timeline and choose most importantinformation

Academic sources: journals, research publications, educational websites

Logical order of what reader needs to know

Set goals; work hard

Problem Solution

Bookstore will not buy backtextbook

Student wants money inexchange for textbook

Use university textbook tradingwebsite

Select “straight buy” optionwhen creating profile

Problem Solution

Make more stable (vitrification)

Store inbunkers

Bury orsubmerge

Make lessradioactive(transmutation)

Sendintospace

Nuclear Waste Disposal

Problem

How to dispose of dangerous nuclear waste

Solution

Modeling

Casting

Assembling

Carving

Adding material to frame usually made of metal

Beginning with core and using mold to createpiece

Putting pieces of other things together tomake art

Taking large piece of material and carvingshape out of it

Methods of Sculpture

ExplanationMethod

• Many newtowns created

• Introductionof livestock

• Death of bison

• Change in lifestyle forNative Americans

Positive vs. Negative Effects of the Transcontinental Railroad

Positive Both Negative

Answer Key 81

An

swer K

ey

1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (C)

Summary: The professor discusses four differentmethods used to create sculptures. Modeling is anadditive process that adds a material to a core.Casting, also additive, involves adding material to amold. Assembling puts materials together to createa sculpture. Carving, the only subtractive methodmentioned, takes pieces away from a large piece ofmaterial.

Chapter 4 Stance Questions

01 Economics

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (B)

Summary: The professor discusses the effects ofstagflation with the class. He uses the 1973 oil crisis,when OPEC raised prices by four times their originalamount. He describes how decreased availabilityresults in inflation, and how in stagflation, productiondecreases. He also demonstrates how this causedprices to increase.

02 Business

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C)

Summary: The professor defines direct selling as theselling of a product to the customer, without the helpof a store, for example. He also relates the differentsales methods that comprise direct selling, includingusing phone calls, seminars, and demonstrations.The first method involves the seller calling consumersto offer a product. Seminars are presentations thatdiscuss the benefits of a product. With the finalmethod, sellers demonstrate how a product works.

03 Office Hours

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A)

Summary: The student has been sick with the fluand has missed several days of class. She goes toher professor to discuss her sculpture project,which she is concerned she may not be able tocomplete by the deadline. The professor gives tworecommendations. First, she should go early in themorning when the studio is not crowded. Second,she can switch studio times with another student.


1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D)

Summary: The student goes to the campus mailcenter to see if it has a package that he has beenexpecting. He is expecting to receive his birth certificate. The employee there says that she doesnot have the package, and recommends that hecheck with the other dorms on campus to see if itwas delivered to one of them by mistake.

Combinationof stagnanteconomy withinflation

Definition

Stagflation

Example

The oil crisis of1973

Cause

OPEC stopped exportingoil to US

Oil companies decreasedproduction

Price of gasoline rose andUS gas companies did notincrease profits

Phone Calls Seminars Demonstrations

Call potentialcustomers, present product information

Present lecture orspeech aboutproduct, emphasizingstrong points

Show people howwell productworks, answerquestions, sell tocustomers

Way to sell products directly to customers without using retailstores or middlemen

The Direct Sales Model

Student does not believe shecan finish project on timebecause studio is always full

Problem Solution

Choose alternate time to goto studio

Switch studio times withanother student

Student didnot receiveexpectedpackage

Check to see if package wasdelivered toanother dorm

Visiting eachdorm will takea long time

Call eachdorm to see ifthey havepackage

Problem Solution 1 Concern Solution 2

82 Answer Key


1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B)

Summary: The professor talks about ways that natureremoves pollution from the air. One way is called rainout, which is moisture pulling pollution to the ground.She also talks about sedimentation, or the settlingof particles due to gravity. In photodissociation, thesun breaks the particles’ chemical bonds, makingthem harmless. Oxidation occurs when oxygencombines with something else and it is then caughtand taken to the ground.

06 Business

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C)

Summary: The professor’s lecture reviews theexperiments that explored the Hawthorne Effecttheory. He discusses the initial experiment, in whichlighting was changed to see if this affected workerproductivity. It didn’t seem to matter, so researchersthought attention given to workers affected productivity.Researchers then did other experiments, such aschanging the rooms workers were in and giving thembreaks. These experiments seemed to disprove theHawthorne Effect.

07 Office Hours

1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (C)

Summary: The student comes to the professor toask about an ad for a research assistant she hadposted in the campus newspaper. The professordescribes the conditions, expectations, and whatkinds of qualifications she requires for the position.The student describes his prior experience working ina laboratory, as well as his education in chemistry.The professor also describes what the study willresearch.


1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (B)

Summary: The student accidentally missed thedeadline to apply for work study. The student has a jobin admissions that she enjoys, but she is concernedabout losing it after the employee mentions thatmost of those positions are reserved for work studystudents. The employee suggests that she fill out apetition for exception, which would allow her tokeep her job if granted. The employee thendescribes what the form requires.

Rain out

Method Explanation

Nature’s Removal of Pollution

Sedimentation

Photodissociation

Oxidation

Pollution falls back down to Earth when itrains

Particles heavier than air fall back downdue to gravity

Sunlight breaks chemical bonds

Oxygen combines with particles of pollution; falls to ground with rain

One test indicated breaks caused increasedproductivity

Another test showed no increase in productivity

Showing employees attention canimprove productivity Third test had other factors that may have

been responsible for increased productivity

Theory Refutation

The Hawthorne Effect

Student wants to be professor’s researchassistant

Student must complete application,provide references, write exam, give interview, and go through probationary period

Problem Solution

Student missed workstudy deadline butwants to continueworking in admissions office

Problem Solution

File petition with the office to attemptto bypass rule about work study

Look for another job that does notrequire work study

Answer Key 83

An

swer K

ey

09 Anthropology

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (D)

Summary: The professor discusses what factorscaused the development of broad-spectrumcollecting. He focuses on the overkill theory, whichhe supports. He talks about the progress of humancivilization and the corresponding extinction of different species of animals, and how it impactedwhat foods were available to people, as well asother possible indications of the theory’s accuracy.

10 Biology

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (A)

Summary: The professor discusses animal intelligence, particularly in the area of animalsusing medicines. Some students are skeptical, butshe gives them a number of examples to support herclaims, including the habits of monkeys and bearsthat eat medicinal leaves.


1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (D)4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (D)7. (A) 8. (C)

9. (B) 10. (B) 11. (A)12. (B) 13. (A) 14. (B)15. (C)

16. predict 17. verified 18. devise19. particle 20. diverse

21. O 22. S 23. S24. S 25. O

l Mini Test 2 l

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B)4. (C) 5. (D) 6. (B)

7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (A)10. (C) 11. (A) 12. (D)

13. (A) 14. (C) 15. (B)16. (D) 17. (D)

Chapter 5 Organization Questions

01 Business

1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (D)

Summary: The professor discusses the product lifecycle, a series of stages every product goes through.She talks about each stage in order: the productdevelopment and introduction stage, the growthstage, the mature stage, and the decline stage. Shedescribes the characteristics of each phase andcompares each phase of the product life cycle withcorresponding phases of a human’s life cycle.

Increase in population causedhumans to kill toomany animals,which forced themto find other foodsources

Other food sources took more time to gather, hunt, or prepare, so musthave been done out of necessity

Extinctions occurred worldwide ratherthan in concentrated areas; only population growth was consistent

Species extinction followed humancivilization progress

Theory Support

The Overkill Theory

Animals havelearned certainmedicinal plantshelp them recoverfrom or prevent illness Lemurs eat soil to stop poison in

bamboo from killing them

Bears chew plants and use juice to get rid of parasites on fur

Monkeys chew certain leaves to getrid of intestinal parasites

Theory Support

Animals Using MedicineThe Product Life Cycle

Stage 1: Development and introductionDescription: Product is developed and company loses money

Stage 2: GrowthDescription: Product gains reputation and begins to make

money

Stage 3: MatureDescription:Product is at height of money-making potential

Stage 4: DeclineDescription:Product fails to make money and is no longer

made

84 Answer Key

02 History

1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (D)

Summary: The professor discusses dance halls.They were large venues where people could gatherand dance. Dance halls grew in popularity with thelatest dance crazes of the times. He then moves onto discuss some effects of the dance halls. He saysthat they changed people’s view of entertainmentand helped change some moral concepts.

03 Psychology

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C)

Summary: The professor’s lecture is about the Two-Factor Theory of Emotion. He discusses the twofactors separately and gives an example for each. Hefirst describes how physical conditions can createemotions. He then describes how the mind can createemotions by interpreting situations in different ways.

04 Literature

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (B)

Summary: The professor begins the lecture by askingthe students to consider any unique classic literature,and then she uses this to explain structuralism.Structuralism, she says, is the idea that if a story isnot unique in its basic structure, it is not important.The professor shows how structuralists view Romeoand Juliet, stating that they would not like it, since itis not unique. Structuralists see no value in worksthat follow established patterns.

05 Astronomy

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B)

Summary: The professor discusses the rings onSaturn. He begins by asking the students to guesswhat the rings are made of. He reveals that they aremade of tiny ice particles. After a student asks whythe particles form rings, he discusses that collisionswith other particles keep the rings thin.


1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (A)

Summary: The lecture begins with the professordiscussing the invention of DDT in the 1940s and itssubsequent uses. She then talks about all the negativeresults of using the pesticide, including its long-termeffects on animals and gradual ineffectiveness. Shealso explains the positive points of DDT usage, suchas reducing the threat of malaria and yellow fever.

Saturn’s Rings

By simplifying literary workdown to most basic structure,value can be determinedthrough originality or lack of it

Romeo and Juliet uses verysimilar structure to many otherfamous stories in literatureand therefore is not original

Definition Example

Structuralism

What Saturn’s rings aremade of

Small particles that orbit the planet

Particles are made of frozen waterthat can be as large as a snowball

Particles formed a ring pattern afterbumping into each other over time

Reduced malaria cases

Made yellow fever lessof a threat

Harms other animals, stored in oilsand fats and can harm the environment

Harmful effects can move up foodchain through biomagnification

Loses effectiveness quickly


DDT

Large halls where groups ofpeople went to join dancecraze

Concepts of entertainmentchanged to include largegroups of people

Moral judgments became lessstrict in America

Definition Effect

Dance Halls

Physical conditionscan lead brain tocreate emotions

Racing heart canbe interpreted asnervousness whenactual cause is certain food

Physical arousal isnot necessary toproduce emotion

Theory Support Refutation

Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

Topic Point

Answer Key 85

An

swer K

ey

07 Sociology

1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (A)

Summary: The discussion begins with a definitionof game theory, which is a series of games thathave been analyzed to study human interactionsunder certain conditions. It is primarily used tounderstand all possible strategy choices underthose conditions. The professor also discusses theNash equilibrium. This occurs when no player hasan advantage. The professor uses the prisoner’sdilemma as an example.

08 Education

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (A)

Summary: The lecture focuses on Freire’s ideasabout education. The professor begins by talkingabout her own experience learning: she realizedone day that she had to take an active role in herown education. Friere’s theory about education saysthat teachers should be like students, and studentsshould be like teachers. The professor explainsthat, in order to put this theory into practice in herclasses, she asks students to do presentations.

09 Biology

1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (D)

Summary: The professor introduces the idea ofgenetic diversity and its effects on animals. He discusses three major results of a lack of geneticdiversity: susceptibility to disease, increased incidence of deformities, and an overall decreasein the species’ ability to survive. He uses cockerspaniels and cheetahs to back up his points aboutthe negative effects of a lack of genetic diversity.

10 Art History

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (B)

Summary: The professor discusses the ways in whichthe Black Death impacted art during the 14th century.She talks about the morbid nature of the work, thesomber colors that characterized it, and the use ofdeath as a central theme. Two artists in particular,Triani and Giotto, created works that were typical ofthe era, Finally, she discusses “The Art of Dying,” aschool of art that reflected the church’s outlook ondeath.

Lack of geneticdiversity in aminals

Genetic Diversity

Cause Effect Example

Animals susceptibleto disease

More deformities

Vulnerability ofspecies

Cheetahs have difficulty survivingbecause ofreduced geneticdiversity

Game theory: views strategiesas games in relation to others

Nash equilibrium: Strategiescan reach an equilibrium

Prisoner’s dilemma: prisonerscan reach equilibrium bydoing same action

Tag: strategies must changein relation to different actions

Theorie Example

Game Theory and the Nash Equilibriium

Students are partially responsible for education; student-teacher relationshipshould involve dual roles

Use of project to allow studentsto teach each other and learnthemselves

Personal story about sitting inclass not learning until focused

Theory Support

Paulo Freire’s Theory of Education

Sombre colors in art

Art focusedon death ormorbidity

Realistic settings, figures, orsubjects

New artmovementcalled “Art ofDying”

The Black Death and Art

Cause

The Black Death

Effect

86 Answer Key

Chapter 6 Content Questions

01 Business

1.

Summary: The professor talks about the “tall”management structure and its main disadvantagesfor companies. A tall management structure is onein which a company has many levels of organization,particularly many levels of managers. The three maindisadvantages she talks about are the distortion ofcommands, the long time needed for decisions topass to all levels, and the expenses of having somany managers.


1.

Summary: The professor introduces the problem ofhow humans can protect the diversity of plant andanimal species on Earth. He compares two methods.Off-site management, like zoos, takes species out oftheir natural environment and seeks to protect themas individuals. On-site management, like naturalparks, seeks to protect the natural environment andall the species in it. Each has different advantages.

03 Office Hours

1.

Summary: The student asks the professor how shecan get practical experience in the environmentalscience field. The professor responds by telling her she can volunteer with a local environmentalgroup. The student says she is too busy. Inresponse, the professor suggests that the studentdo an independent study project and get credit forthe experience as a volunteer.


Uses aquariums

Preserves individual species

Keeps animals in natural habitats

Uses national parks

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Off-Site On-Site

The student should find a local environmental group.

The student needs to find a sponsor for herproject.

The student needs to take a class ondesigning a project first.

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Yes No

Managers hide information fromother managers.

The extensive hierarchy of managers is very costly.

Managers make different decisions at different levels.

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Yes No

Tall Management Structure

Poor communication such asdistortion of commands

Long time for decisions andorders to pass to all levels

Employees interpret information differently thanthey should

Slow to respond to marketchanges

Having many managers isexpensive

Middle managers are first toget laid off when companydownsizes

Disadvantage Example

Student wants practicalexperience in environmentalscience Do independent study project

while volunteering

Volunteer with local environmental group

Problem Solution

Student wants to balancetime for job and classes

Drop three or more classesand focus on work andremaining classes

Problem Solution

• Examples: zoos,botanical gardens, aquariums

• Focuses on preservingindividual speciesseparately

• Can preserve endangered speciesand then reintroducethem later

• Aim topreservespeciesfromextinction

• Protectsbothplants andanimals

• Examples: nationalparks

• Preserves speciestogether as part ofnatural environment

• Can preservemore species,including onesthat have not beendiscovered yet

Off-Site Both On-Site

Off-Site Management vs. On-Site Management

Answer Key 87

An

swer K

ey

1.

Summary: The student visits a counselor to ask foradvice on how to balance time for his job andclasses. The student explains that he needs to worka minimum of twenty hours per week and that he istaking six classes to graduate on time. The counselorsuggests he drop three or more classes and focuson work and on doing well in his remaining classes.

05 Philosophy

1.

Summary: The professor explains that Montaignelived during a time of terrible wars and retreated tothe countryside. She adds that he wanted to knowhimself in order to ask questions about society. Hedid three things that influenced the development ofa new form of criticism called “positive skepticism.”She says these were criticism of extreme positions,support of moderation and tolerance, and rejectionof absolute moral positions.

06 Sociology

1.

Summary: The professor talks about society as themost complex form of social organization. He discusses three types of societies: hunter/gatherer,horticultural, and agrarian. He explains how eachtype differs based on three dimensions. These aremobility, subsistence patterns, and division of labor.

07 Office Hours

1.

Summary: The student asks the professor if shecan attend his class. He says that she needs tocomplete the prerequisite course first. She tells himabout her plans and previous education to try toconvince him to let her into the course. The professoragrees to let her take the class on a trial basis.

The student is getting lower grades this term.

The student might lose his scholarship.

The student needs to work at least twentyhours each week.

The student wants to graduate on time.

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✓

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Yes No

Inspired other skeptics

Left his job as a lawyer

Moved to a different country

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Yes No

Montaigne’s Thought

Criticism of extreme positions

Promotion of moderation andtolerance

Rejection of absolute moralpositions

Influenced rise of “positiveskepticism,” a new form ofcriticism of authority

Influence Result

Hunter/Gatherer Horticultural Agrarian

Very mobile

Obtained foodthrough huntingand gathering

Little division oflabor

Sometimes mobile

Obtained foodfrom crops, hunting,and gathering

Some division oflabor

People settled inone place

Obtained foodthrough agriculture

Specialized division of labor

Societies

Type

Feature

Has professionals

Prefers to movearound

Most people dosame job

Plants some crops

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Hunter/ Horticultural AgrarianGatherer

Student wants to takeclass but has not completed prerequisite

Professor will let her take courseon trial basis, she can audit it atthe same time

Problem Solution

Audit the 101 class

Get permission from her advisor

Talk with the professor regularly

Take a test

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Yes No

88 Answer Key


1.

Summary: The student is looking for a job at theschool newspaper as a paid freelance writer. Theemployee says that they do not pay such writers,which makes the student disappointed. The employeetries to convince the student to work for the paperas an unpaid freelance writer while suggesting thathe might get hired for a job in the future.

09 History

1.

Summary: The professor talks about what somethought about wealth and poverty at the end of the19th century. He discusses Carnegie’s “Gospel of

Wealth,” which said that the poor could improvethemselves and that philanthropy was the bestsolution to poverty. Then the professor refutes bothpoints, saying that not everyone has the ability to berich and that government programs were more successful in alleviating poverty.

10 Astronomy

1.

Summary: The class discusses the possibility that theremay be water on the moon. They agree that it would haveto be frozen and located underground at the poles. Theprofessor points out that two spacecraft looked in thoseareas and found evidence of water; however, no one hasyet been able to prove that there is water on the moon.

Chapter 7 Inference Questions

01 Philosophy

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A)

To make money

To get experience

To write about sports

To build a portfolio

Yes No

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Student wants towork for schoolnewspaper andget paid as freelance writer

School cannotafford to payanother staff member

Employee suggests student work freelancefirst and paid positionmay open up in future

Situation Problem Solution

Governments should let people get rich byreducing taxes.

The wealthy are responsible to help othersimprove themselves.

Philanthropy can eradicate poverty without thehelp of the government.

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Yes No

The “Gospel of Wealth”

People get what theydeserve. If they work hard,anyone can become rich.

If government lets wealthycontrol their money, they willgive to the poor.

Not everyone can becomerich. People are different.

Large-scale giving did nothappen. Government programs helped poor more.

Theorie Refutation

Searched both poles

First to find evidence of water

Crashed into crater

Detected hydrogen

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Clementine Lunar Prospector

Lunar Water

Likely there are underground depositsof water on moon

Clementine found evidence of underground water at lunar southpole

Lunar Prospector found indirect evidence of water ice in both lunarpolar regions

Theory Support

Objectivism

Axiom Key Point

Primacy of Existence

Law of Identity

Axiom ofConsciousness

An objective reality exists independent of consciousness

All objects that exist have an identity

People are conscious and thusable to learn

Answer Key 89

An

swer K

ey

Summary: The lecture is about a philosophy calledObjectivism. The professor discusses three axioms,which describe the Objectivist belief about reality.The first is the Primacy of Existence, which saysthat there is an objective reality that exists asidefrom consciousness. The second axiom is the Lawof Identity, which says that everything has an identity.The third is the Axiom of Consciousness, whichsays that people are aware of existence and theidentities of objects.

02 Linguistics

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B)

Summary: The lecture is about the Sapir-Whorftheory of linguistic relativity. The theory proposesthat the way people act and think is determined bytheir language. The professor supports the theoryby talking about the Hopi language and culture. Fromthat, some researchers found that the grammaticalstructure of the language, which did not includetenses, may have affected how the people whospoke that language conceived of time.

03 Office Hours

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C)

Summary: The conversation takes place betweena student and a professor. After receiving his gradedpaper, the student is confused about the professor’scomments. The professor tells the student that he

has to be more logical. The professor also says that thestudent must be careful about his word choice. Finally,the professor tells the student how to adequatelysupport his ideas.


1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (C)

Summary: The conversation takes place betweena student and an employee of the university. Thestudent wants to reserve a room for her juggling club,but she cannot because the club is not registeredwith the university. Then the employee explains theprocess for becoming a recognized organization.The student must submit a constitution and have itapproved.

05 Geology

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B)

Grammatical structure oflanguage influences behavior and thinking ofspeakers

Hopi people had no tenses to express time, thought tobe related to conception oftime as cyclical

Theory Support

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Studentdoes notunderstandcommentson paper

No logical link betweensentences

Used “institution” as synonym for “business”

Only mentioned precedents

Explain further toclarify

Be careful of language

Apply precedents toCineweb

Problem Aspect Solution

Createconstitutionthat includesmembershiplists anddetails aboutorganization

Submit constitutionto StudentActivitiesOffice

Wait to hear ifapplicationgetsapproved ordenied

If accepted,receiveorganizationpacket

Becoming a Recognized Club


Cinder cone

Compositevolcano

Shield volcano

Lava dome

Steep-sided volcano created when cindersaccumulate around the crater

Large volcanoes reinforced by hardenedlava in the sides

Large volcanoes formed when liquid lavaflows cool over large distances

Grow from the inside because lava rarelyescapes

Type Explanation

Volcanoes

90 Answer Key

Summary: The lecture is about four different types ofvolcanoes. The professor explains that cinder conesare created when violent eruptions emit lava. Thelava hardens into pieces called cinders that buildup around the crater. Composite volcanoes are muchlarger and are strengthened by lava that hardens incracks in the side of the cone. Shield volcanoes areformed by liquid eruptions that harden over largedistances. Lava domes are formed from within, andlava rarely escapes the volcano.

06 Art History

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (D)

Summary: The professor discusses three ways inwhich Andy Warhol influenced the pop art movement.First, Warhol’s ideas that mass-produced items couldbe art influenced other artists of the movement.Second, Warhol also promoted the collaboration ofartists as a way to mass produce art. This was also akey idea of the movement. Finally, Warhol participatedin an exhibit that helped legitimize pop art and forcedpeople to redefine art.

07 Office Hours

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (B)

Summary: The conversation takes place between astudent and her professor. The student approachesthe professor because she is unhappy about herlow participation grade. The professor explains tothe student that he seeks quality over quantity andgives her some tips for raising the grade. First, hetells her to add only relevant comments. Also, heasks her to try to interact with the other studentsinstead of just speaking in order to get a high grade.


1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B)

Summary: The conversation takes place betweena student and the building manager of the musicdepartment. The student had a reservation, but the manager cannot locate the information and is therefore unable to allow the student to use thepractice room. The student suggests different waysof recovering the information, but ultimately, he has togo back to his room to retrieve the confirmation sheet.

09 Business

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (C)

Summary: The lecture is about mass production.First, the professor gives a brief history of this typeof production, debunking the myth that the assemblyline was invented by Henry Ford. Then he talks aboutsome of the advantages and disadvantages of massproduction. The advantages are that it is faster andeliminates human error. The disadvantages are thatit is inflexible and requires a lot of money.

Andy Warhol’s Contribution to Pop Art

Art movement focusingon appealing or familiarthemes

Influenced others to think ofmass-produced items as art

Promoted idea that art can bemass produced by working inartistic “assembly lines”

Definition Contribution

Promoted pop art as legitimateart form in galleries

Student’s participation gradewas lower thanexpected

Says irrelevantthings in class

Speaks at least 3times per class,instead ofresponding toclassmates

Stay on topic

Listen to othersand only speakwhen it addressescomments directly

Problem Reason Solution

Student’sreservation ofpracticeroom cannotbe found

Student mustreturn hometo find reservationslip

Employee could find record inher file

Student could provide reservation number

Student could provideconfirmation slip

Mass Production

Extremely efficient

Eliminates human error

Inflexible for design changes

Requires a lot of money up front


Problem Solution Conclusion

Answer Key 91

An

swer K

ey

10 Psychology

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (B)

Summary: The lecture is about lucid dreams. Firstthe professor defines these dreams as ones inwhich dreamers are conscious of their actions andbehaviors. The professor explains how to induce adream like this. The process involves rememberinga dream and going to sleep again to try to controlthe dream.


1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (A)4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (B)7. (C) 8. (D)

9. (B) 10. (C) 11. (C)12. (C) 13. (A) 14. (D)15. (B)

16. course 17. evaluation 18. customary19. twofold 20. institution

21. plume 22. facilitate 23. venue24. dynamic 25. external

l Mini Test 3 l

1. (C) 2. (B)3. (B) 4. (D)

5.

6. (D) 7. (A)8. (D) 9. (B)

10.

11. (D) 12. (B) 13. (D)14.

Practice Test

1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (A)4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (D)

7. (A) 8. (C) 9. (B)10. (A) 11. (A)

Animals undergo signal standardization

A bug with no defense mechanism models itself after aninedible species

Groups of unrelated animals formmimicry rings

First observed in the Pierdiaebutterfly

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Batesian MüllerianLucid Dreaming

Definition


Dreaming while being aware you’re dreaming

Built in the middle of lakes

Took longer to cultivate food

Manipulated a major river to provide water

Grew millet, wheat, and barley

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MesoamericanEgyptian

Arrive at the section well prepared

Take time to listen to what the other students say

Create a list of topics or questions to bringup during the section

Be confident in her academic ability

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Yes No

Try to memorize adream you’vehad

Do an activitythat requiresfull wakefulnessfor 15 minutes

Get into bedand tell yourself toremembernext dreamyou have

Visualizeyourself in bedhaving dream previouslyrehearsed

92 Answer Key

12.

13. (B) 14. (A) 15. (A)16. (C) 17. (C)

18. (C) 19. (B) 20. (B)21. (A) 22. (B)23.

24. (B) 25. (C), (D) 26. (A)27. (C) 28. (A) 29. (B)

30. (B) 31. (D) 32. (C)33. (B) 34. (C)

The Venetian Republic was invaded by theNormans.

The Venetian Republic became trade partners with the Genoese.

The Venetian Republic defeated theGenoese in 1381.

The Venetian Republic allied with Genoaagainst the Byzantine Empire.

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✓

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✓

Yes NoEvents

When virtue is truly known,one is virtuous.

Goodness is an objectiveform.

The concept of self-interest was not treated.

Written dialogues wereused to teach philosophy.

Plato Socrates Both

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✓

✓

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answer key - compass pub answer key note: graphic organizer answers are suggestions ......

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