NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND

RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

University of Michigan

September 2002 - August 2003

ANNUAL REPORT

ANNUAL REPORTSeptember 1, 2002 – August 31, 2003

NUCLEAR ENGINEERING ANDRADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

University of Michigan

The Regents of the University: David A. Brandon, Ann Arbor; Laurence B.Deitch, Bingham Farms; Olivia P. Maynard, Goodrich; Rebecca McGowan, AnnArbor; Andrea Fischer Newman, Ann Arbor; Andrew C. Richner, Grosse PointePark; S. Martin Taylor, Grosse Pointe Farms; Katherine E. White, Ann Arbor;Mary Sue Coleman, ex officio.

The University of Michigan, as an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer,complies with all applicable federal and state laws regarding nondiscriminationand affirmative action, including Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The University of Michigan iscommitted to a policy of nondiscrimination and equal opportunity for all personsregardless of race, sex, color, religion, creed, national origin or ancestry, age,marital status, sexual orientation, disability, or Vietnam-era veteran status inemployment, educational programs and activities, and admissions. Inquiries orcomplaints may be addressed to the!Senior Director!for Institutional Equity!andTitle IX/Section 504 Coordinator, Office for!Institutional Equity, 2072Administrative Services Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1432, 734-763-0235, TTY 734-647-1388. For other University of Michigan information call 734-764-1817.

Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences1906 Cooley Building

2355 Bonisteel BoulevardAnn Arbor, MI 48109-2104

(734) 764-4260Fax: (734) 763-4540

John C. Lee, Chair

NERS@umich.eduhttp://www.ners.engin.umich.edu/

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Contents

Summary of Activities............................................................................................4Awards and Honors

Faculty...........................................................................................................6Students .........................................................................................................7

Student Organizations...........................................................................................11Curriculum

Modifications...............................................................................................14Courses Offered...........................................................................................15Course Enrollments .....................................................................................17

StudentsDegrees Awarded ........................................................................................18Doctoral Theses Titles.................................................................................19Enrollment...................................................................................................21Employment Statistics.................................................................................22

Colloquia...............................................................................................................26Research Activities

Fission Systems and Radiation Transport ...................................................28Materials......................................................................................................33Plasmas and Fusion .....................................................................................57Radiation Measurements and Imaging........................................................67Radiation Safety, Environmental Sciences, and Medical Physics ..............73

External Research SupportSummary of Research Activities 9/1/02 – 8/31/03 .....................................79Sponsored Research Budget History...........................................................84

Other Projects .......................................................................................................85Publications January 1, 2002 – December 31, 2002.............................................86Service ................................................................................................................102Personnel.............................................................................................................108Advisory Board...................................................................................................116

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Summary of Activities

This is the eighth Annual Report of the Department of Nuclear Engineering andRadiological Sciences at the University of Michigan. The report was assembled for thepurpose of providing a record of teaching, research and service activities of the faculty,staff and students of the department.

The department has been active in offering new courses and enhancing its existing courseofferings. During AY 2002-03, the departmental faculty offered seven special topicscourses as part of a total of 35 courses taught. The enrollments for NERS 211,Introduction to Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, offered as an elective forEngineering students have steadily increased over the past four years, making it necessaryfor us to offer the course in each of the fall and winter terms. The total enrollment forNERS 211 surpassed 180 students during the AY 2002-03, and the enrollment in theWinter term was capped at 106, due to limitations of the classroom.

Our undergraduate enrollments have seen a significant growth over the past year. We had68 students declared for NERS at the end of Winter 2003, compared with 46 for AY 2001-02. The Engineering Physics enrollment has remained at a stable level of 35 students. Atthe graduate level, we have recovered successfully from a poor recruiting experience ofAY 2001-02 and expect to have 27 new students and a total of 79 students for AY 2003-04. The department awarded 16 bachelor's degrees, 14 master's degrees, and 6 doctoraldegrees.

The faculty and students were successful in winning numerous awards this past year. Tengraduate students won fellowships from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), four fromthe National Academy for Nuclear Training (NANT), and nine won scholarships from theAmerican Nuclear Society (ANS). Several other students won college or departmentawards. Eight undergraduates were recipients of NANT scholarships, six received ANSawards, and eight were recipients of DOE scholarships. Among the faculty honors are theappointment of Rodney Ewing as the William Kerr Collegiate Professor of NuclearEngineering and Radiological Sciences, the Monroe-Brown Foundation ResearchExcellence Award to Donald Umstadter, and the recognition of Zhong He as the NERSOutstanding Teacher and Yue-Ying Lau as the recipient of the NERS Faculty Award forOutstanding Achievement.

The faculty supervised a total of 64 projects with an annual budget of $6.8M. Although aslight decrease from our all-time peak of $7.7M for FY01-02, the current research budgetstill represents a 50% increase since FY98-99 and indicates general strength of thedepartment. The NERS research projects include five NEER grants and 11 NERI and I-NERI grants. These research projects supported a total of 45 graduate student researchassistants, three research scientists, and 18 research fellows. The NERS faculty published

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a total of 123 articles in archival journals, conference proceedings, technical books, ortechnical reports in calendar year 2002.

The ANS student chapter and Alpha Nu Sigma, the honorary branch of ANS, were bothactive in helping to select the outstanding teacher of the year, assisting in first-yearundergraduate recruiting effort, expanding their education program to focus on visits tomiddle and high schools, and offering outreach activities as part of the Detroit Area Pre-College Engineering Program (DAPCEP). NERS graduate student Shannon Bragg-Sittoncurrently serves as Vice President of the North American Young Generation in Nuclear.

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Awards and Honors

FACULTY AWARDS AND HONORS

Rodney C. Ewing• William Kerr Collegiate Professor of Nuclear Engineering

and Radiological Sciences

Zhong He• Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences

Faculty Merit Award for Outstanding Teacher (Selected by Alpha Nu Sigma)

Terry KammashCertificate of Merit for Outstanding PaperPresented at the 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint PropulsionConference and Exhibit (with Donald P. Umstadter and Kirk Flippo)

Yue-Ying Lau• Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences

Faculty Merit Award for Outstanding Achievement

Donald P. Umstadter• U-M College of Engineering Faculty Merit Award

Monroe-Brown Foundation Research Excellence Award

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STUDENT AWARDS, HONORS, AND FELLOWSHIPSFOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2002-2003

Graduate

• American Nuclear Society Graduate AwardsJames Baciak, Shannon Bragg-Sitton, Martha Coselmon, David Griesheimer,

Heath Hanshaw, Nicholas Jordan, Scott Sepke, Kristie Siracuse, Matthew Sowa• Best Presentation at the Fifth Workshop on Fast Ignition of Fusion Targets

Kirk Flippo• Dean’s Fellowship (College of Engineering)

Nicholas Jordan• Elizabeth Cadwalader Stoddart Scholarship

Kristie Siracuse• Marian Sarah Parker Graduate Student Award

Sara Bernal• Microbeam Analysis Society Distinguished Scholar Award

Jie Lian• National Academy for Nuclear Training Nuclear Engineering Fellowship

Health Physics: Sara BernalNuclear Engineering: James Platte, Peter Skrabis, Micah Hackett

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration FellowshipShannon Bragg-Sitton

• National Science FoundationScott Kiff

• Rackham Engineering Award I (Minority) FellowshipSara Bernal

• Rackham Engineering Award II (Women) FellowshipMartha Coselmon

• Rackham Merit FellowshipMike Lopez, Anthony Valenzuela

• Rackham Predoctoral Fellowship NominationHerman Bosman

• Recruitment Fellowship (Rackham and College of Engineering)Phongphaeth Pengvanich

• U.S. Department of EnergyAdvanced Accelerator Applications Fellowship

James Platte and Matthew SowaComputational Science Graduate Fellowship

Heath HanshawFusion Fellowship

Richard Kowalczyk and Trevor StricklerNaval Reactors Fellowship

David GriesheimerNuclear Engineering/Health Physics Fellowship

Sabrina Cleavenger, Carolyn Lehner, Peter Skrabis, Hilary Teslow• Westinghouse/CNNC Fellowship

Shenjie Gu

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Undergraduate

• First Year Merit ScholarshipsThomas Douce, Andrew Gerlach, Derek Granzow, George Hunt, MichaelKatz, Aaron Kluck, Alexander Lazarides, Melissa Leidal, Daniela Lovera,Brock Palen, Jonathan Schimpke, Brian Wagner, Brandon Weatherford, andBethanie Yaklin

• NERS Continuous ScholarshipJacob Bourjaily, Robert Ambrose III, and Bryan Toth

• Second Year Undergraduate Merit ScholarshipEdward Cruz, Jonathan Dreyer, Matthew Gomex, Christopher Kurecka, MichaelReim Virinder Sandhu, Jennifer Schlicht, Matthew Studenski, and Jacob Zier

• Kikuchi ScholarshipJanelle Penisten

• American Nuclear Society Undergraduate Scholarship AwardAdrienne Lehnert, Kevin Lynn, Aaron Muncey, Janelle Penisten, Bryan Toth,and Emily Wolters

• Department of Energy Nuclear Engineering Undergraduate ScholarshipAndrew Dewey, John Harvey, Adrienne Lehnert, Aaron Muncey, JanellePenisten, Nathan Sheets, Bryan Toth, and Emily Wolters

• National Academy for Nuclear Training ScholarshipAndrew Dewey, John Harvey, Adrienne Lehnert, Ryan McClarren, AaronMuncey, Janelle Penisten, Shane Rye, and Nathan Sheets

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Undergraduate Internships

Rachel Gunnett Bechtel Nevada NVJacob Bourjaily CERN SwitzerlandDaniela Atanasovski DTE Energy – Fermi Plant MIElain West DTE Energy – Fermi Plant MIDustin Gress Landauer ILBryan Bednarz Lawrence Livermore National Laboratrory CATyson McDonald Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory CAAaron Weston Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory CARobert Ambrose Los Alamos National Laboratory NMBryan Toth Los Alamos National Laboratory NMMichael Reim Naval Surface Warfare PAEdward Cruz Northrup Grummon VAMatthew Gomez Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory MAAlexander Lazarides Sandia National Laboratory NMBrandon O’Donnell Sandia National Laboratory NMDavid Orcutt Sandia National Laboratory NMAndrew Dewey University of Michigan MI

Radiation OncologyJohn Harvey University of Michgian MI

Radiation OncologyKevin Lynn University of Michigan MI

Radiation OncologyNathan Sheets University of Michigan MI

RadiationOncologyDerek Granzow University of Michigan MI

Nuclear Engineering and Radiological SciDiane Thangamani University of Michigan MI

Nuclear Engineering and Radiological SciJacob Zier University of Michigan MI

Nuclear Engineering and Radiological SciJanelle Penisten Westinghouse PAEmily Wolters Westinghouse PA

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Awards Made in 2003 forAcademic Year 2003-2004

• American Nuclear Society AwardsGraduate 13Undergraduate 8

• Dean’s/Named Fellowship (College of Engineering) 2• First Year Undergraduate Merit Scholarship 11• Health Physics Society 1• Kikuchi Scholarship 1• NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program Fellowship 1• National Academy for Nuclear Training Fellowships/Scholarships

GraduateHealth Physics 1Nuclear Engineering 1

Undergraduate 18• National Science Foundation 1• NERS Continuous Undergraduate Merit Scholarship 1• Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1• Rackham/Engineering Graduate Award I (Minority) 1• Regents Fellowship (College of Engineering) 1• U.S. Department of Energy Graduate and Undergraduate Fellowships

Civilian Radioactive Waste Management 1Computational Sciences 1Fusion Technologies 2Nuclear Naval Propulsion 3Nuclear Engineering/Health Physics Graduate Fellowship 2Nuclear Engineering Undergraduate Fellowship 17

• U.S. Department of Homeland Security 1• Westinghouse/CNNC Fellowship 2

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Student Organizations

ALPHA NU SIGMA SOCIETY

“The objective of the Alpha Nu Sigma Society is to recognize high scholarship, integrity,and potential achievement in applied nuclear science and nuclear engineering amongoutstanding students by means of membership in the Society.”

Additionally, the Michigan Alpha Chapter provides tutoring for students both in andoutside the department taking NERS courses. This tutoring has expanded to includeregularly scheduled hours where students taking departmental classes can come and askquestions. Since 1993, the Chapter has recognized a faculty member for contributions toundergraduate and graduate education. Dr. Zhong He was selected by the students as the2002-03 recipient of the Outstanding Teacher Award.

Alpha Nu Sigma established a tutoring schedule to help students with classes. This is anextension of the one-on-one tutoring that is currently provided. Any student within thedepartment or taking a departmental course is eligible to use the tutoring services. Atleast one tutor is available four days a week to help answer questions. This service hasthe ability to expand/evolve according to students’ needs.

Alpha Nu Sigma’s laptop borrowing program continues to increase in popularity. Lastyear, the laptops were checked out for over 150 total days. These laptops are available ona first-come, first-serve basis for undergraduate and graduate students alike.

AMERICAN NUCLEAR SOCIETY (ANS)

The University of Michigan Student Branch of the American Nuclear Society (UM-ANS)has two main focuses: to provide accurate information about the applications of nucleartechnology to the campus and community, and to promote interaction among students,faculty, and staff of the NERS Department.

ANS members participate in many activities through the NERS Department, College ofEngineering, and the University of Michigan at large. Many of these activities focus oneducating people about nuclear issues and applications while others are focused oncampus recruiting and community service. Events such as High School Shadow Day andthe ANS Student/Faculty Mixer are partially funded by the U-M Engineering Council,Michigan Student Assembly, and the NERS Department. Social activities such as theANS Fall and Spring Picnics are funded through proceeds from the sale of candy andbeverages in the NERS student lounge.

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UM-ANS also runs an Outreach Program where members go on visits to local schools toeducate students of all ages on many aspects of nuclear technology. Several local highschools have also come to campus to give their students a chance to see the departmentand learn more about the many sub-fields of nuclear engineering. Hands-on activitiesthat concentrate on the subjects of radiation, fission, fusion, and other related topics areutilized in the visits. Also, detectors and dosimeters are presented to familiarize studentswith some of the tools used in the nuclear field. Students are always encouraged to askquestions and to offer comments. Similar programs are held for events such as theSummer Engineering Academy, Summer Engineering Exploration, and Tech Day, whichANS actively participates in each year with other College of Engineering studentsocieties. These societies compete for best presentation and best exhibit each year. ANShas received the Presentation Award several times in the past few years. For the firsttime, ANS also participated in a kids fair hosted by a university group called K-grams.ANS gave out nuclear science coloring books that were donated by ANS National. Thevolunteers were able to speak to elementary school children and get them excited aboutscience. These innovative programs have not gone by unnoticed. Recently, the AmericanNuclear Society awarded the UM-ANS the Samuel Glasstone Award for all its efforts.

Every year, UM-ANS organizes several functions to increase the interaction andcamaraderie of the NERS students, faculty, and staff. These include the End-of-TermWinter Party, Spring Awards Banquet, fall and spring picnics, intramural sports, and, thisyear, a bowling outing. ANS members are strongly encouraged to attend ANS Studentconferences, and funding is made available to qualified members of ANS. This year, theStudent Conference was held at UC-Berkeley and three members attended representingthe University of Michigan.

The ANS website is kept up to date with meeting and event times, and can be viewed athttp://www.engin.umich.edu/societies/ans. The website gives both prospective andcurrent students a way to keep abreast of current ANS and departmental activities. Thiswebsite also includes contact information for the current ANS Executive Board andChairpersons.

HEALTH PHYSICS SOCIETY

The Student Chapter of the Health Physics Society at the University of Michigan worksto bring students, professionals, and members of the public together in order to promoteunderstanding and the proper use of radiation and radioactive materials. The most visibleand effective manner of accomplishing this goal has been the maintenance of a web pagethat continues to reach out to thousands of visitors per week. This web page contains aplethora of information ranging from teaching materials to professional links toemployment opportunities in the field of health physics. In addition to web-related

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activities, many members participate in both state- and national-level meetings andconferences of the Health Physics Society. For instance, many of the student memberspresented scientific papers and technical posters at the 2003 Annual Meeting of theHealth Physics Society in San Diego, CA and many secured prestigious health physicsinternships at national laboratories and private corporations during the summer session.In addition, a special tour of the University of Michigan hospital diagnostic radiologyfacilities was completed during the past year. Many more exciting professional andsocial activities are planned for the coming school terms. All of these events haveresulted in the enrichment not only of our own members, but also members of otherHealth Physics Society groups and the general public as well.

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Curriculum

CURRICULAR MODIFICATIONS

Several changes in the curriculum of the Department of Mechanical Engineering and AppliedMechanics required NERS to change its requirements regarding fluid mechanics andthermodynamics. NERS students will still be required to take thermodynamics and fluiddynamics, but the specific courses have been changed to ME 235 (thermodynamics), and CEE325 or ME 320 (fluid dynamics). The department will be unable to hold the NERS 445 NuclearReactor Laboratory at the Ford Nuclear Reactor in Winter 2004. Parts of the NERS 425Application of Radiation laboratory are also affected. Alternate experiments and facilities arebeing investigated.

As part of our assessment of the undergraduate program, a meeting of all undergraduates washeld, facilitated by the undergraduate program advisor and staff. A major issue raised in themeeting was the perceived lack of integration of the junior level courses with the senior levelcourses. A committee has been formed to further investigate this issue and propose changes, ifneeded, to the NERS curriculum committee.

SPECIAL TOPICS COURSES TAUGHT AY 2002-2003

Course # Term Course Title Instructor Enrollment

NERS 490 Section 001 Winter Advanced Space Propulsion Kammash 7

NERS 590 Section 001 Fall Monte Carlo Methods Martin 8

NERS 590 Section 002 Fall Probability Theory/RandomProcesses

Akcasu 12

NERS 590 Section 001 Winter Environmental Impact of theNuclear Fuel Cycle

Ewing 9

NERS 590 Section 002 Winter Transportation of RadioactiveMaterials

Weiner 12

NERS 590 Section 003 Winter Research Topics in NuclearScience and Engineering

Duderstadt 17

NERS 590 Section 004 Winter Monitor and Control ofNuclear Energy Systems

Lee 5

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COURSES OFFERED*

COURSE NO. COURSE TITLE TERM CREDITHRS

NERS 100 Radiation and the Environment II 2

NERS 211 Intro to Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences I, II 4

NERS 250 Fundamentals of Nuclear Engineering II 4

NERS 311 Elements of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sci I I 4

NERS 312 Elements of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sci II II 4

NERS 315 Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory II 4

NERS 400 Elements of Nuclear Energy II 2

NERS 421 Nuclear Engineering Materials I 3

NERS 425 Applications of Radiation II 4

NERS 441 Nuclear Reactor Theory I I 4

NERS 442 Nuclear Power Reactors II 4

NERS 445 Nuclear Reactor Laboratory II, IIIA 4

NERS 462 Reactor Safety Analysis I 3

NERS 471 Introduction to Plasmas I 4

NERS 472 Fusion Reactor Technology II 2

NERS 481/BioE 481 Engineering Principles of Radiation Imaging II 2

NERS 482/BioE 482 Fundamentals of Ultrasonics with Medical Applications II 2

NERS 484/BioE 484 Radiological Health Engineering Fundamentals I 4

NERS 490 Special Topics in Nuclear Engineering All TBA

NERS 499 Research in Nuclear Engineering I, II, IIIA-B 1-3

NERS 511 Quantum Mechanics in Neutron-Nuclear Reactions II 3

NERS 512 Interaction of Radiation and Matter II 3

NERS 515 Nuclear Measurements Laboratory I 4

NERS 518 Advanced Radiation Measurements and Imaging I 2 Alt. Yrs

NERS 521 Radiation Effects in Nuclear Materials I 3

NERS 522 Nuclear Fuels II 3 Alt. Yrs

NERS 531 Nuclear Waste Management II 3

NERS 543 Nuclear Reactor Theory II I 3

* Roman numeral indicates term(s) the course will be offered, and number in parentheses indicates credit hours.Fall term, I; Winter term, II; Spring/Summer terms, III A/B

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COURSE NO. COURSE TITLE TERM CREDITHRS

NERS 551 Nuclear Reactor Kinetics II 3

NERS 554 Radiation Shielding II 4

NERS 561 Nuclear Core Design and Analysis I II 3

NERS 562 Nuclear Core Design and Analysis II IIIA 3

NERS 571 Intermediate Plasma Physics I I 3

NERS 572/AppPhy 672

Intermediate Plasma Physics II II 3

NERS 575/EECS 519 Plasma Generation and Diagnostic Laboratory II 4

NERS 576 Charged Particle Accelerators and Beams I 3 Alt. Yrs

NERS 577 Plasma Spectroscopy I 3 Alt. Yrs

NERS 579/EHS 692 Physics of Diagnostic Radiology II, IIIA 3

NERS 578/EECS 517 Physical Processes in Plasmas II 3 even Yrs

NERS 580/BioE 580 Computation Projects in Radiation Imaging II 1

NERS 582/BioE 582 Medical Radiological Health Engineering II 3

NERS 583/EHS 683 Applied Radiation Dose Assessment II 4

NERS 585/EHS 672 Radiological Assessment and Risk Evaluation I 3

NERS 587/EHS 587 Internal Radiation Dose Assessment II 3

NERS 588 Radiological Health Engineering Practicum All 1-2

NERS 590 Special Topics in Nuclear Engineering II All TBA

NERS 599 Master’s Project I, II, IIIA-B 1-3

NERS 622/MSE 622/Mfg 622

Ion Beam Modification and Analysis of Materials II 3 Alt. Yrs

NERS 644 Transport Theory I 3

NERS 671 Theory of Plasma Confinement in Fusion Systems I I 3 Alt. Yrs

NERS 672 Theory of Plasma Confinement in Fusion Systems II II 3 Alt. Yrs

NERS 673 Electrons and Coherent Radiation II 3

NERS 674/AppPhy 674

High Intensity Laser-Plasma Interactions I 3

NERS 799 Special Projects All 1-6

NERS 990 Dissertation/Pre-candidate I, II , IIIIIIA-B

2-81-4

NERS 995 Dissertation/Candidate I, II, IIIIIIA-B

84

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COURSE ENROLLMENTS

COURSE TITLE ENROLLMENTFall ’02 Winter ’03 Sp/Su ’03

NERS 211 Introduction to Nuclear Engr and Radiological Sci 68 108NERS 250 Fundamentals of Nuclear Engr 30NERS 311 Elements of Nuclear Engr and Radiological Sci I 18NERS 312 Elements of Nuclear Engr and Radiological Sci II 15NERS 315 Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory 15NERS 425 Applications of Radiation 5NERS 441 Nuclear Reactor Theory I 8NERS 442 Nuclear Power Reactors 8NERS 445 Nuclear Reactor Laboratory 9NERS 462 Reactor Safety Analysis 4NERS 471 Introduction to Plasmas 7NERS 481 Engr Principles of Radiation Imaging (BioE 481) 13NERS 484 Radiological Health Engr Fundamentals (BioE 484) 12NERS 490 Special Topics in Nuclear Engr I 7NERS 499 Research in Nuclear Engr 2 3 4NERS 515 Nuclear Measurements Laboratory 7NERS 518 Advanced Radiation Measurements 8NERS 521 Radiation Effects in Nuclear Materials 4NERS 554 Radiation Shielding 7NERS 571 Intermediate Plasma Physics I 19NERS 572 Intermediate Plasma Physics II (Appl Phys 672) 8NERS 575 Plasma Generation and Diagnostics Lab (EECS 519) 9NERS 578 Physical Processes in Plasmas (EECS 578) 13NERS 580 Computation Proj in Radiation Imaging (BioM 580) 3NERS 588 Radiation Safety and Medical Physics Practicum 2NERS 590 Special Topics in Nuclear Engr II 20 43NERS 599 Master’s Project 4 3NERS 621 Nuclear Waste Forms 12NERS 622 Ion Beam Modification and Analysis 5NERS 644 Transport Theory 7NERS 799 Special Projects 8 13 2NERS 990 Dissertation-Precandidate 18 19 1NERS 995 Dissertation-Candidate 12 14 1

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Students

DEGREES AWARDED

August 2002 through July 2003

Degree NumberB.S.E. in Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences 9B.S.E. in Engineering Physics 7M.S.E. and M.S. in Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences 14Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences and in Nuclear Science 6Professional Degree (Nuclear Engineer) 0

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DOCTORAL THESES TITLES

For Degrees Conferred August 2002–May 2003

STUDENT TITLE ADVISOR

Bekhor, Steven A Parametric Beating Hypothesis for A. Z. AkcasuSolar Wind Acceleration

Brock-Leatherman, The Influence of Liver Deformation on E. Larsen Kristy Kay 4-D Dose Calculations for Radiotherapy

Densmore, Jeffery Variational Variance Reduction for Monte E. LarsenCarlo Reactor Analysis

Lian, Jie The Response of the Pyrochlore Structure- R. EwingType to Ion-Beam Irradiation L. Wang

Seifert, Allen The Resolving Power of X-Ray Microtomography D. WeheSystems Used for Evaluating Bone Specimens M. Flynn

Sullivan, Clair Single Polarity Charge Sensing in High Z. HePressure Xenon Using a Coplanar AnodeConfiguration

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For Doctoral Theses in Progress

STUDENT TITLE ADVISOR

Baciak, James Development of Pixelated Mercuric Iodide Z. HeDetectors for Room TemperatureGamma-Ray Spectroscopy

Bosman, Herman Investigation of Failure Mechanisms for CVD Y. LauDiamond Windows in High Power MicrowaveDevices

Bragg-Sitton, Shannon In-Space Operation of a Fission Reactor: The J. HollowayEffect of Cosmic Radiation, Trapped Particlesand Solar Events on Reactor Start-Up and Control

Capell, Brent Determination of the Effect of Oxygen on G. WasIGSCC in Ni-Cr-Fe Alloys

Flippo, Kirk Ion Beam Generation from High-Intensity-Laser D. UmstadterPlasma Interactions from Thin-Film Targetsand Applications

Johnston, Mark Ionization Dynamics of a Single Wire Z-Pinch R. Gilgenbach

Kulik, Viktoriya Space-Time Effects in Reactivity Determination for J. LeeSubcritical Systems

Lehner, Carolyn Compton Imaging Using a Single 3-D Position- Z. HeSensitive CdZnTe Detector

Lopez, Mike Microwave Generation in a Relativistic Magnetron R. GilgenbachDriven by a Microsecond E-Beam Accelerator witha Ceramic Insulator.

Saleh, Ned Optical Injection of Electrons in Laser-Driven D. UmstadterPlasma Waves

Traexler, Kathy Colloidal Transport of Heavy Metals, Including R. EwingRadionuclides, in the Subsurface

Zhu, Sha Radiation Effects on Yttria Stabilized Zirconia R. EwingBased Inert Matrix Fuel L. Wang

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FALL ENROLLMENT

Year Undergraduate Graduate Engineering Physics1980 68 88 0

1981 69 75 81982 51 84 16

1983 53 90 25

1984 46 78 291985 38 81 38

1986 45 89 331987 43 98 29

1988 38 103 271989 32 93 23

1990 31 97 21

1991 30 84 251992 44 94 20

1993 53 88 321994 44 82 33

1995 30 79 451996 26 78 41

1997 26 86 30

1998 28 79 351999 40 75 40

2000 38 75 342001 42 71 36

2002 47 61 31

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EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS

Place of First Employment of GraduatesAugust 2002 – July 2003

EMPLOYER PH.D. STUDENTS

Henry Ford Health System H. Allen Seifert

Los Alamos National Laboratory Jeffery DensmoreClair Sullivan

Princess Margaret Hospital Kristy Brock-Leatherman

Robert Rankin Steven Bekhor

University of Michigan Jie Lian

EMPLOYER M.S./M.S.E. STUDENTS

Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Peter Skrabis

Westinghouse Gregory O’Donnell

EMPLOYER B.S.E. STUDENTS

Armed Forces Brandon McClimon

TRW Christopher Murray

Westinghouse Jeremy McGrew

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Continuing Graduate Studies

UNIVERSITY M.S./M.S.E. STUDENTSGeorge Washington University James Platte

University of Florida Kristie Siracuse

University of Michigan(Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences) Sara Bernal

Martha CoselmonJeffrey DavisMichael JonesRichard KowalczykViktoriya KulikPhongphaeth PengvanichMatthew SowaBenjamin SturmHilary Teslow

UNIVERSITY B.S.E. STUDENTSEastern Michigan University Barry Fuller

University of Michigan(Aerospace Engineering) Sean Flanary

University of Michigan(Applied Physics) Eric Harding

University of Michigan(Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences) Andrew Dewey

Kevin LynnRyan McClarrenBrandon O’DonnellNathan Sheets

Unknown Graduate School Alexander ButterwickJunoh Choi

Unknown Medical School Matthew Biersack

UNKNOWN B.S.E. STUDENTSMegan FitzgeraldThea Motyka

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Employment Patterns of GraduatesAugust 2002 – July 2003

B.S. M.S. / M.S.E. Ph.D. Prof.

Federal Government

Department of Defense

United States Navy 1

Department of Energy

Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory 1

Los Alamos National Laboratory 2

Other Industrial and Medical Organizations

Henry Ford Health Systems 1

Princess Margaret Hospital 1

TRW 1

Nuclear Reactor Manufacturers

Westinghouse 1 1

Academic Institutions: Grad and Post Doc

Eastern Michigan University 1

Robert Rankin 1

University of Michigan (Aerospace Engr) 1

University of Michigan (Applied Physics) 1

University of Michigan (NERS) 5 1

Unknown Graduate School 2

Unknown Medical School 1

Unknown 2

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Employment Patterns of Graduates33-Year Summary: August 1970 – July 2003

† Includes Dual Degree (2)

B.S. M.S. M.Eng Ph.D. Prof.

Federal Government

Department of Commerce 7

Department of Defense

Armed Forces 59 19 1 7

Civilian Employees 3 2 15

Department of Energy 9 33 †3 78

Department of Transportation 2

Environmental Protection Agency 2

NASA 1

Nuclear Regulatory Commission 5 2 1 1

Waste Management Federal Services 1

Electrical Utilities 67 32 1 5

Nuclear Reactor Manufacturers 33 48 21 1

Architecture-Engineering Firms 18 28 1 5

Consulting Firms 3 4 3 8

Other Industrial & Medical Organizations 17 34 4 50

Foreign Governments 1 4 11 3

Academic Institutions

Faculty and Staff 6 6 2 51

Graduate and Postdoctoral Work 269 284 †10 41

Employment Outside the Profession 13 10 2

Returned to Home Country and Unknown 74 37 6 26 3

Deceased 1 1

TOTALS 577 545 35 330 8

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NERS Colloquia Fall 2002

Date Speaker Title

Sept. 13 John LeeUniversity of Michigan (NERS)

Departmental Welcome

Sept. 20 Johannes SchwankUniversity of Michigan

Fuel Cells and Fuel Processors

Sept. 27 Ben WarnerLos Alamos National Laboratory

X-Ray Fluorescence for Drug Discovery

Oct. 2-4 Energy Symposium Energy and the Environment: The Role ofNuclear Power

Oct. 11 Brent HeuserUniversity of Illinois

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of HeliumBubble Stability in Amorphous Silicon

Oct. 18 Marvin AdamsTexas A&M University

The Next Generation of Methods for AnalyzingLight Water Reactors

Oct. 25 Ellen LeonardLos Alamos National Laboratory (Ret.)

Panel Discussion on Career Pathsfor NERS Graduates

Nov. 1 Tom BrunnerSandia National Laboratories

How I Learned to Stop Worrying andLove Monte Carlo

Nov. 8 Richard G. TelferEducational Directions (NV)

Observations on the Nevada Test Site and YuccaMountain

Nov. 15 Brian WirthLawrence Livermore NationalLaboratory

Characterization of Nanostructural Features inIrradiated Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels: Impli-cations for Nuclear Reactor Lifetime Extension

Nov. 22 John FosterNASA Glenn Research Center

Recent Trends in Ion Thruster Research

Nov. 30 No Colloquium (Thanksgiving Break)

Dec. 6 Y. Y. LauUniversity of Michigan (NERS)

A Tutorial on Thomson Scattering of an Electronby an Ultra-Intense Laser

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NERS Colloquia Winter 2003

Date Speaker Title

Jan. 10 Kristie Brock-LeathermanUniversity of Michigan (NERS)

Inclusion of Liver Deformation in DoseCalculations for Radiotherapy

Jan. 24 Randy VaneOak Ridge National Laboratory

Atomic Collisions at Ultra-RelativisticEnergies

Jan. 31 Karen GottSwedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate

Regulatory Issues for Swedish NuclearReactors

Feb. 7 Industry Forum and Career Fair

Feb. 14 David PostonLos Alamos National Laboratory

Fission Reactors for Near-Term SpaceExploration

Feb. 21 NERS Student Presentations

March 7 Jim LeblancGE Global Research Center

The Next Generation of Imagingin Medicine

March 14 Larry Foulke, President-ElectAmerican Nuclear Society

Ten Top Issues for the Futureof Nuclear Power

March 28 Fred MisGinna Nuclear Power StationRochester Gas and Electric

An Analysis of the Changes Necessaryto Improve Ginna Station PrimaryChemistry Crud Control

April 4 Antonio TingNaval Research Laboratory

Optical Guiding and Particle AccelerationUsing Ultra-Short Laser Pulses

April 11 Rob StewartPurdue University

Can We Predict Radiation Carcinogenesisfrom First Principles?

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Research Activities

FISSION SYSTEMS ANDRADIATION TRANSPORT

Model Based Transient Control and Component Degradation Monitoring inGeneration IV Nuclear Power PlantsJ. P. Holloway, PI; J. C. Lee and W. R. Martin, Co-PIsU.S. Department of Energy/NERI$1,382,504/36 mos

This project, led by the University of Michigan working with Westinghouse andSandia National Laboratories, supports the development of advanced nuclearpower technology and will help to position it as a highly competitive and safemethod of energy generation. The project will develop a highly advanced andintegrated methodology for constructing model based control systems forGeneration IV based nuclear generating stations. The project will also develop anadvanced approach to monitor nuclear plant systems for system degradations.These two tasks are united by their reliance on smart sensor networks that mapsensor signals to plant state information. This plant state information is used toconnect models of plant state to the actual plant state. Nonlinear state-spacecontrol algorithms are being developed to provide robust and automatic plantcontrol in a wide variety of plant transient maneuvers, including startup, shutdown,and load follow maneuvers, including large or total load rejections. By providingsmooth transient control without reactor trip these control systems can greatlyimprove both plant safety and economics. The quest for long-life cores in highlyintegrated and modular reactor designs places great demands on the alreadydifficult maintenance systems of nuclear power stations. We propose to develop asystematic statistical methodology for monitoring plant performance degradation.By solving a Master equation for the probability of finding the plant in a givensystem state and having a given set of component states we can determine theprobability that the plant is in a given component state given a set of plant sensorsignals. Such advanced degradation monitoring will allow nuclear plant operatorsto optimize plant maintenance subject to both safety and economic factors.

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Hybrid Monte Carlo-Deterministic Methods for NuclearReactor-Related Criticality CalculationsE. W. Larsen, PI and W. R. Martin, Co-PIU.S. Department of Energy/NEER$384,000/3 yrs

This project supports the development, implementation, and testing of “hybrid”Monte Carlo-Deterministic Methods for performing k-eigenvalue calculations. Themain idea underlying this research is that an inexpensive deterministic adjointproblem is solved, the solution of which is used in various ways to decrease thevariance (and increase the figure-of-merit) in a subsequent forward Monte Carlosimulation. The methods we have developed and tested so far significantly improvethe efficiency of Monte Carlo k-eigenvalue simulations.

J. D. Densmore and E. W. Larsen, “Variational Variance Reduction for Monte CarloCriticality Calculations,” Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 84, 177 (2001).

E .W. Larsen and J. D. Densmore, “New Zero-Variance Methods for Monte CarloCriticality and Source-Detector Problems,” Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 84, 175 (2001).

J. D. Densmore and E. W. Larsen, “Variational Variance Reduction for Monte CarloCriticality Problems,” Proc. ANS Topical Meeting: International Conference onMathematical Methods to Nuclear Applications, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 9-13, 2001, CD (ISBN: 0-89448-661-6, ANS Order No. 700286) available from theAmerican Nuclear Society, 555 N. Kensington Avenue, La Grange Park, IL 60525.

Advanced Accelerator Applications (AAA) ProgramFast Reactor Based TransmutationJ. C. Lee, PIU.S. Department of Energy/Argonne National Laboratory$75,000/15 months

As part of the DOE program to study various options to transmute transuranicsfrom light water reactor (LWR) spent fuel, this project focused on the developmentof low conversion ratio (CR) fast reactors as a stand-alone or part of multi-tiertransmutation systems. In this collaborative effort with Argonne NationalLaboratory, we have used the MC2-2 lattice physics code and the REBUS-3 fuelcycle code to study the feasibility and efficiency of denatured thorium fuel cyclesand low CR fuel matrices comprising increased loading of zirconium and burnableabsorbers. Effort is underway to optimally utilize potential benefits of denaturedthorium fuel mixed with plutonium from LWR discharge fuel.

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J. C. Davis, J. C. Lee, and R. F. Fleming, “Transuranics TransmutationCharacteristics of Denatured Thorium in Fast Reactors,” submitted for presentationat the American Nuclear Society Meeting, November 2003.

Neutronic Analysis for the Very High TemperatureGas-Cooled ReactorJ. C. Lee, PI; W. R. Martin and J. P. Holloway, Co-PIsU.S. DOE/Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory/I-NERI$340,000/36 months

As part of the I-NERI project involving INEEL, Korea Advanced Institute of Scienceand Technology and Seoul National University, we plan to develop neutronicmethodology for the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR), which has beenselected as a key concept in the Generation IV Roadmap. The neutronicmethodology will focus on accurate determination of power distributions thataccount for thermal-hydraulic feedback effects for the transient and safety analysisof the VHTR. We plan to develop lattice-physics and global analysis capabilitythrough a combined use of the MCNP Monte Carlo code and DIF3D diffusiontheory code. Initial effort is underway to generate MCNP models that can accountfor multiple levels of material heterogeneities inherent in the VHTR fuelconfigurations.

OSMOSE - An Experimental Program for Improving Neutronic Predictions ofAdvanced Nuclear FuelsJ. C. Lee, PIU.S. Department of Energy/Argonne National Laboratory/I-NERI$253,000/3 years

In collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory and the French CEA(Commissariat á l'Energie Atomique), this International Nuclear Energy ResearchInitiative (I-NERI) project aims at determining the integral reaction rates of variousactinides, including uranium, thorium, and transuranic nuclides. The reaction ratedata will play a major role in assessing burnup credits for the storage and disposalof spent nuclear fuel and in the design analysis for transmutation systems. Theprogram centers on performing power oscillation tests involving small TRU samplesin the French MINERVE reactor and a U.S. research reactor. We have studied,through computational simulations and fast Fourier transforms, the feasibility andaccuracy achievable in reactivity measurements through power oscillations. Future

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effort will include neutronic modeling of the MINERVE core or NRAD core atArgonne National Laboratory.

Support to the AAA Program in Nuclear Engineering and Nuclear PhysicsJ. C. Lee, PI; J. P. Holloway, R. F. Fleming, and G. S. Was, Co-PIsU.S. Department of Energy/Los Alamos National Laboratory$605,000/41 months

The project began in May 2000 as part of the multi-institutional ATW (AcceleratorTransmutation of Waste) program to develop accelerator-driven subcritical reactorsfor the purpose of transmuting transuranics, including neptunium, plutonium,americium and curium, and long-lived fission products. The program has shiftedsomewhat away from the accelerator-based focus toward multi-tier criticaltransmuter approaches, as the national program evolved into the AdvancedAccelerator Applications (AAA) and more recently the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative(AFCI). Our effort during the past year included study of coupled accelerator-coredynamics, transuranics transmutation in both thermal and fast reactors, andslowing down spectrum in Pb and Bi. An experimental program is underway todetermine the effect of irradiation on reactor structural components in the Pb-Bicoolant using proton irradiation.

V. Kulik and J. C. Lee, “Space-Time Correction to Reactivity Determination inPulsed Source Experiments,” Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 87, 410 (2002).

R. T. Sorensen and J. C. Lee, “Assessment of Homogeneous and HeterogeneousAssembly Loading Configurations for Plutonium Multi-Recycling in PWRs,” Trans.Am. Nucl. Soc., 87, 332 (2002).

S. R. Gopwani and J. P. Holloway, “Comparison of Spectrum Computations for 14MeV Neutrons in Lead,” Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 87, 542 (2002).

V. V. Kulik and J. C. Lee, “Space-Time Correction in Reactivity Determination forSubcritical Systems,” Proc. AccApp'03 (2003).

R. T. Sorensen and J. C. Lee, “Effects of Stockpile Spent Fuel Feed on RecyclingSelf-Generated Plutonium in PWRs,” submitted for presentation at the AmericanNuclear Society Meeting, November 2003.

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National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure (NPACI)W. R. Martin, PI; Quentin Stout (EECS) and Ed Borbely (CPD), Co-PIsNational Science Foundation$1.2M/yr

The NPACI (National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure)project is an NSF-funded grant that supports infrastructure (facilities, staff, andequipment) for high performance computing, including data-intensive computing.The lead institution in the NPACI partnership is UCSD, which operates the SanDiego Supercomputer Center. In addition to UCSD and the University of Michigan,the other major resource partners are Caltech, UC Berkeley, and the University ofTexas. The UM is a “mid-range” site, operating and maintaining a mid-sized parallelcomputing facility (176 cpu IBM SP2 system, a 28 cpu IBM Nighthawk system, a100 cpu AMD Linux cluster, and a 128 cpu Intel Linux cluster) that providescomputational cycles, data resources, and expert consultation to the users at theUM as well as the national community. The NSF funds support the parallelcomputing facility, the data intensive facility, and five full time staff, including threesystems programmers and two expert user consultants. The actual parallelcomputing facility is operated by the Center for Advanced Computing (CAC).Students, staff, and faculty at the UM are welcome to use the parallel computingfacility. Please see http://cac.engin.umich.edu for more information.

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MATERIALS

Quantitative Study of Nonequilibrium Phase Formation by Mechanical AttritionM. Atzmon, PI; H. H. Tian and D. Jang, Graduate StudentsNational Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research$364,729/3 yrs

Mechanical attrition or alloying of metal powders can lead to a variety ofnonequilibrium phenomena, resulting in synthesis of nanocrystalline and/ormetastable phases. Nanocrsytalline grain sizes as small as 5 nm can be obtained.Many properties of nanocrystalline materials are affected by the fact that a largefraction of the atoms are located at the grain boundaries. In order to separate theevolution of microstructure from that of the phases, we have studied the evolutionof nanocrystalline, elemental Fe during mechanical attrition at varying temperaturesand rates of attrition. Using concepts developed for atomic transport in irradiatedmaterials, we have developed the first quantitative model of grain-size evolutionduring attrition. The model fits the data well and the fitting results for differentprocessing conditions enable us to understand the physical processes involved.The model has also been applied to alloy evolution, which allows us to provide aquantitative description of observed non-monotonic decomposition behavior.Nanoindentation hardness measurements have been conducted to test the modeland improve it. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy is beingconducted to improve our knowledge of the structure of mechanically alloyedpowders.

Nanoindentation measurements were conducted in nannocrystalline iron in order toevaluate the controversial issue of the grain-size (d) dependence of the hardness.These measurements provide intrinsic hardness values that do not suffer fromcommon artifacts. We observe that the Hall-Petch relation is obeyed, i.e., thehardness is linear in d-1/2, down to grain sizes of 10 nm. The potential effect ofimpurities on the hardness is being investigated.

Al-rich amorphous alloys have been known to exhibit high strength, which can beenhanced by a distribution of nanocrystallites in the matrix. Using a combination ofnanoindentation and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we haveinvestigated the formation of nanocrystalline Al-rich precipitates during plasticdeformation and its dependence on the temperature, stress state and strain rate.

D. Jang and M. Atzmon, “Time-Dependent Mechanical Behavior of NanocrystallineFe,” Rapidly Quenched and Metastable Materials, Oxford, UK, August 2002.

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M. Atzmon, J. Xu, H. H. Tian, and D. Jang, “Formation of Nonequilibrium Phases byMechanical Attrition,” talk at Rapidly Quenched and Metastable Materials, Oxford,UK, August 2002. (Invited)

D. Jang and M. Atzmon, “Plastic Behavior of Nanocrystalline Fe Powder Formed byMechanical Milling – A Nanoindentation Study,” International Symposium onStructures and Properties of Nanocrystalline Materials, TMS Annual Meeting, SanDiego, March 2003.

W. J. Jiang and M. Atzmon, “High-Resolution TEM Study of Deformation-InducedShear-Band Formation and Crystallization in Amorphous Al90Fe5Gd5,” The MikeMeshii Symposium on Electron Microscopy: Its Role in Materials Research, TMSAnnual Meeting, San Diego, March 2003.

W. J. Jiang and M. Atzmon, “Deformation-Induced Crystallization in in AmorphousAl90Fe5Gd5,” International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed andNanocrystalline Materials, Foz do Iguaçu-Brazil, August 2003. (Invited)

W. H. Jiang, F. Pinkerton, and M. Atzmon, “Deformation-InducedNanocrystallization in an Al-based Amorphous Alloy at Subambient Temperatures,”Scripta Materialia, 48, 1195 (2003).

W. H. Jiang and M. Atzmon, “Rate Dependence of Serrated Flow in an Al-basedMetallic Glass,” Journal of Materials Research, 18, 755 (2003).

W. H. Jiang, F. E. Pinkerton, and M. Atzmon, “Effect of Strain Rate on theFormation of Nanocrystallites in an Al-based Amorphous Alloy duringNanoindentation,” Journal of Applied Physics, 93, 9287 (2003).

D. Jang and M. Atzmon, “The Grain-Size Dependence of Plastic Deformation inNanocrystalline Fe,” Journal of Applied Physics, 93, 9282 (2003).

W. H. Jiang and M. Atzmon, “The Effect of Compression and Tension on Shear-band Structure and Nanocrystallization in Amorphous Al90Fe5Gd5: AHigh–Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Study,” Acta Materialia, inpress.

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Structural Relaxation and Properties of Planar Defectsin Amorphous and Nanocrystalline MetalsM. Atzmon, PI; D. Jang, Graduate StudentNational Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research$365,000/3 yrs

In this recently funded project, novel high-resolution electron microscopy methodswill be used to investigate variation in the structure of shear bands and nanograinboundaries. These will be correlated with property changes.

The Durability of Concrete: The Crystal Chemistry of the Hydrated CalciumSulfoaluminates and Related CompoundsR. Berliner and Mark Conradi (Washington University St. Louis), Co-PIsMike Hartman, Graduate Student.National Science Foundation, Engineering Directorate$323,002/3 years.

Sulfate attack, alkali-silicate reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF)are the most prominent avenues of chemical attack in concrete structures. Physicalcauses of deterioration include chloride penetration (which results in the corrosionof the steel reinforcement elements in concrete) and freeze/thaw damage. Thecauses of these phenomena in real materials are diverse and complex as reflectsthe complex chemistry of concrete but there are common themes. Sulfate attack,DEF, ASR and freeze/thaw damage are all associated with the formation or thedecomposition and reformation of hydrated calcium aluminosulfate compounds. Ofthese the most important is ettringite which is normally formed by the hydration oftricalcium aluminate (10% of a typical Portland cement) in the presence of sulfates.Although ettringite and related compounds are associated with these avenues ofcement deterioration, the actual mechanism of damage is not generally understood.

In spite of the importance of these cement hydration compounds, the connection oftheir crystal structures to the environment – relative humidity and temperature – andtheir basic chemical/structural characteristics have been little investigated and aremainly the subject of speculation. The goal of my research is a clarification of thatrelationship in the cement hydration compounds associated with concretedeterioration. At base, the questions to be addressed are: how does the hydratedcrystal structure change as its water content and temperature are varied; how doesthe incorporation of carbonates (CO3

-2) and sulfates (SO4-2) affect these structural

transformations? What are the dynamics of water as a crystal-chemical structuralmember? For ettringite in particular, the formation (by hydration of the calciumaluminates) and decomposition (either thermal or chemical) is the subject of

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controversy and should be the subject of a detailed structural examination thatwould include the effects of carbonation.

The ultimate goal of this work is an examination the formation, decomposition, andthe effect of relative humidity, sulfate, silicate and carbonate concentrations oncompound structure. The emphasis is on the occupation, atom site location, andorientation of the water in these hydrated crystals and how these change inresponse to environmental influence – a subject that has not been previouslystudied.

Our research progress on the study of cementitious materials has suffered from thedifficulties inherent in setting up a laboratory at a new place. In addition, weinvested considerable efforts in the diffractometer installation that was halted whenalmost complete. In our studies thus far, we have concentrated on the “simpler”members of the hydrated calcium sulfo- and carbo-aluminate family: ettringite andthaumasite. In both compounds, we have found that the arrangement of thestructural waters (there are, for example, 26 waters incorporated into the ettringiteunit cell) is more complicated than was believed. Neutron diffraction studies atMURR indicated that the water molecules in sites external to the ettringite calcium-aluminate central core were in basically regular positions and orientations. Studiesperformed at IPNS on material synthesized at the University of Michigan haveindicated a much more complex hydrogen bonded network is present. Thesestudies are still in progress. We have also examined the synthesis of ettringite intime resolved diffraction experiments at IPNS with tricalcium aluminate and D2Omixed in-situ. In addition, we have performed time-resolved diffraction experimentson the dissolution of ettringite as a function of temperature. Precise analysis ofthese experiments is in progress.

R. Berliner, B. C. Hauback, H. Fjellfaag, and O. Steinsvoll, “Debye-Scherrer ConeCorrections for Linear Position Sensitive Detector Arrays in Neutron PowderDiffraction,” First American Conference on Neutron Scattering, Knoxville, TN, June23 – 27, 2002.

R. Berliner, M. Hartman, M. Popovici, and W. B. Yelon, “A Neutron PowderDiffractometer for the University of Michigan Ford Nuclear Reactor,” First AmericanConference on Neutron Scattering, Knoxville, TN, June 23 – 27, 2002.

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Advanced Corrosion Resistant Zr Alloys for High Burnup andGeneration IV ApplicationsJ. Busby, PI (and A.T. Motta, Penn State University, and R. Comstock and R. Lott,Westinghouse); M. Atzmon, Co-PI; G. S. Was, Co-PIU.S. Department of Energy, International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (I-NERI)$466,304/3 years

The objectives of this work are to develop and demonstrate a technical basis forimproving the corrosion resistance of zirconium-based alloys in aqueous reactorcoolants. The approach will be to study the microstructure of oxides formed in aseries of model alloys that is specially fabricated and designed to highlight andisolate the effects of individual parameters on the corrosion process. Thisknowledge will then be used to develop new alloys with enhanced corrosionresistance for high burnup applications. We will also test model alloys at thetemperatures relevant for the Supercritical water reactor (SCWR), to discern theviability of Zr alloys for use in SCWR and to identify potential operating temperatureranges.

Particle-Induced Amorphization of Complex CeramicsR. C. Ewing, PI and L. M. Wang, Co-PIResearch Fellows: J. Chen and X. T. Zu; Students: J. Lian and B. GuU.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences$761,305/3 yrs

The crystalline-to-amorphous (c-a) phase transition is of fundamental importance.Particle irradiations provide a highly controlled means of investigating this phasetransformation and the structure of the amorphous state. The interaction of heavy-particles (a-recoil nuclei, fission fragments and implanted ions) with ceramics iscomplex because these materials have a wide range of structure types, complexcompositions, and because chemical bonding is variable (not only from structure-type to structure-type, but also within a single structure). Radiation damage andannealing can produce diverse results, but most commonly, single crystals becomeaperiodic (the metamict state) or break down into a polycrystalline aggregate(sometimes not the same as the original phase). In this research program, thetransitions from the periodic to aperiodic state of various nonmetallic materials(both natural and synthetic) are studied by detailed x-ray diffraction analysis, in-situtransmission electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electronmicroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, extended x-ray absorption finestructure spectroscopy/x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and otherspectroscopic techniques. A theoretical model is also being developed to predict

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the relative susceptibility of ceramic materials to radiation-induced amorphizationbased on the experimental results.

A. Meldrum, L. A. Boatner, and R. C. Ewing, “Nanocrystalline Zirconia can beAmorphized by Ion Irradiation, Physical Review Letters, 88, 2, 025503-1 to 4 (2002).

A. Meldrum, L. A. Boatner, W. J. Weber, and R. C. Ewing, “Amorphization andRecrystallization of the ABO3 Oxides, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 300, 242-254(2002).

J. Chen, J. Lian*, L. M. Wang, R. C. Ewing, R. G. Wang, and W. Pan, “X-rayPhotoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Disordering in Gd2(Ti1-xZrx)2O7 Pyrochlores,”Physical Review Letters, 88, 10, 105901-1 to 105901-4 (2002).

S. Utsunomiya, L. M. Wang, and R. C. Ewing, “Ion Irradiation Effects in NaturalGarnets: Comparison with Zircon,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in PhysicsResearch B, 191, 600-605 (2002).

J. Lian*, L. M. Wang, G. R. Lumpkin, and R. C. Ewing, “Heavy Ion Irradiation Effectsin Brannerite-Type Ceramics: Amorphization and Structural Transformation,”Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 191, 565-570 (2002).

M. Zhang, E. K. H. Salje, and R. C. Ewing, “IR spectra in Si-Overtones, HydrousSpecies and U Ions in Metamict Zircon: Radiation Damage and Rrecrystallization,”Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 14, 3333-3352 (2002).

S. Utsunomiya, L. M. Wang, S. Yudintsev, and R. C. Ewing, “Ion Irradiation-InducedAmorphization and Nano-Crystal Formation in Garnets,” Journal of NuclearMaterials, 303, 177-187 (2002).

R. C. Ewing, “Atomaffald – Løsninger fra Mineralogien,” Geologisk Nyt, 5, 4-8(2002). (In Danish)

J. Lian*, L. M. Wang, J. Chen, K. Sun, R. C. Ewing, J. Matt Farmer, and L. A.Boatner, “The Order-Disorder Transition in Ion-Irradiated Pyrochlore,” ActaMaterialia, 51, 1493-1502 (2003).

K. B. Helean, A. Navrotsky, G. R. Lumpkin, M. Colella, J. Lian, R. C. Ewing, B.Ebbinghaus, and J. G. Catalano, “Enthalpies of Formation of Three BranneritePhases, U0.97Ti2.03O6, ThTi2O6 and CeTi2O6: Implications for PlutoniumImmobilization,” Journal of Nuclear Materials, in press.

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W. J. Weber and R. C. Ewing, “Radiation Effects in Crystalline Oxide Host Phasesfor Immobilization of Actinides,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, ScientificBasis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Proceedings of the Materials ResearchSociety, 443-454 (2002).(Invited) Best Paper Award

J. Lian*, S. V. Yudintsev, S. V. Stefanovsky, O. I. Kirjanova, and R. C. Ewing, “Ion-Induced Amorphization of Murataite,” eds. B.P. McGrail and G.A. Cragnolino,Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Proceedings of the MaterialsResearch Society, 455-460 (2002).

S. Yudintsev, M. Lapina, A. G. Ptashkin, T. Ioudintseva, S. Utsunomiya, L. M. Wang,and R. C. Ewing, “Accommodation of Uranium into the Garnet Structure,” eds. B. P.McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV,Proceedings of the Materials Research Society, 477-480 (2002).

N. P. Laverov, S. V. Yudintsev, S. V. Stefanovsky, R. C. Ewing, and Y. N. Jang,“Synthesis and Examination of New Actinide Pyrochlores,” eds. B. P. McGrail andG. A. Cragnolino, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Proceedingsof the Materials Research Society, 337-343. (2002).

C. S. Palenik* and R. C. Ewing, “Microanalysis of Radiation Damage Across aZoned Zircon Crystal,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, Scientific Basis forNuclear Waste Management XXV, Proceedings of the Materials Research Society,521-527 (2002). Best Paper Award

S. Utsunomiya, L. M. Wang, S. Yudintsev, and R. C. Ewing, “Ion Irradiation Effectsin Synthetic Garnets Incorporating Actinides,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A.Cragnolino, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Proceedings ofthe Materials Research Society, 495-500 (2002).

J. Chen, J. Lian*, L. M. Wang, R. C. Ewing, J. Matt Farmer, and L. A. Boatner,“Structural Alterations in Titanate Pyrochlores Induced by Ion Irradiation: X-RayPhotoelectron Spectrum Interpretation,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino,Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Proceedings of the MaterialsResearch Society, 501-506 (2002).

J. Lian,* L. M. Wang, J. Chen, and R. C. Ewing, “Heavy Ion Irradiation of ZirconatePyrochlores,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, Scientific Basis for NuclearWaste Management XXV, Proceedings of the Materials Research Society, 507-512(2002).

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Inert-Matrix Fuels: Actinide “Burning” and Direct DisposalR. C. Ewing and L. M. Wang, Co-PD/PI; Student: S. ZhuU.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Engineering Education Research (NEER)$561,683/3 yrs

Excess actinides result from the dismantlement of nuclear weapons (239Pu) and thereprocessing of commercial spent nuclear fuel (mainly 241Am, 244Cm and 237Np). InEurope, Canada and Japan studies have determined much improved efficienciesfor burn-up of actinides using inert-matrix fuels. This innovative approach alsoconsiders the properties of the inert-matrix fuel as a nuclear waste form for directdisposal after one-cycle of burn-up. Direct disposal can considerably reduce cost,processing requirements, and radiation exposure to workers. Under this program,we study the fuel and waste form properties of the most promising inert-matrixfuels, i.e. cubic zirconia and zirconia/spinel composites. The interested topicsinclude: (1) the effects of fission product incorporation (e.g., Cs, Sr and I) on themicrostructure of the potential inert matrix materials; (2) the effect of fission event(in-reactor) and alpha-decay event (in-repository) damage on the physical andchemical properties that are important to nuclear fuel (e.g., bubble formation andswelling) and nuclear waste forms (e.g., leach rate and micro-fracturing)performance; (3) the determination of corrosion rate under expected repositoryconditions over long periods of time by relatively short-term laboratory experiments.

S. Zhu, X. T. Zu, L. M. Wang, and R. C. Ewing, “Nanodomains of PyrochloreFormed by Ti Ion Implantation in Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia, Applied Physics Letters,80, 4327-4329 (2002).

S. Zhu*, L. M. Wang, S. X. Wang, and R. C. Ewing, “Effects of Temperature on theBehavior of Cs and I in YSZ-Based Inert Matrix Fuel and Waste Form,” eds. B. P.McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV,Proceedings of the Materials Research Society, 327-332 (2002).

Self-Organized 3-D Array of Nanostructures under IrradiationL. M. Wang, PIU.S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences$580,335/3.5 yrs

The main goal of this research project is to obtain better scientific understanding ofa spectacular phenomenon induced by radiation effects, i.e. the formation of 3-Dordered arrays of nanoclusters for the advancement of nanoscience andtechnology. The phenomenon was first observed over 30 years ago as void latticein irradiated pure metals, but the nano cluster in the array can also be interstitial

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plates (dislocation loops), gas bubbles or metal colloids (in multiple componentnonmetals). These arrays are considered as nanostructures not only because theclusters in the array are nanometer in diameter, but also because the “latticeparameters” of the array are also in the nano-scale. In situ and high resolution TEMare used to reveal the process of the nanostructure formation during ion beamirradiation. State of the art facilities that link modern TEMs with ion accelerators atArgonne National laboratory and in Japan are used for the study.

Development of Tool Materials for Friction Stir WeldingL. M. Wang, PIGeneral Motor Corporation$150,506/2 yrs.

The main objective of this research project is to select and develop durable toolmaterials for the newly developed process of friction stir welding (FSW). Thefeasibility of using wear resistant coatings and ceramic materials for long lastingpinhead, as well as optimum FSW process parameters for aluminum alloy weldingwith the new types of pinhead will be determined. Study of the microstructurechanges of the pinhead and the metallic materials (aluminum alloys and steels)welded by FSW will also be conducted. The deliverables of this study includerecommendations on FSW tool materials for welding both aluminum alloys andsteels, optimum processing FSW parameters as well as the prediction of lifetime ofthe FSW tool materials. The overall goal of this research project is to provide asolid foundation for GM R&D to develop a larger scale research program for theindustrial application of FSW on GM assembly lines. The FSW technique may alsobe applied for sealing the canisters containing high-level nuclear waste.

Material Characterization Support for GM R&DL. M. Wang, PIGeneral Motor Corporation$55,000/yr.

Under this research contract, we conduct state-of-the-art electron microscopycharacterization of materials that are important to support GM R&D researchprograms.

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Design of Radiation-Tolerant Alloys for Generation IV Nuclear Power SystemsG. S. Was, PI (with S. Bruemmer, PNNL, and T. Allen, ANL)Micah Hackett and Gaurav Gupta, Graduate StudentsU.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI)$564,584/3 yrs

Under the Generation IV Reactor initiative, revolutionary improvements in nuclearenergy system design in the areas of sustainability, economics, and safety andreliability are being pursued. To meet these goals, advanced nuclear energysystems demand materials that minimize resource use, minimize waste impact,improve proliferation resistance, extend component lifetime, and reduce uncertaintyin component performance, all while potentially operating in higher temperatureenvironments, to greater radiation dose, and in unique corrosion environmentscompared to previous generations of nuclear energy systems. The irradiationperformance of structural materials will likely be the limiting factor in successfulnuclear energy system development. Based on experience, materials not tailoredfor irradiation performance generally experience profound changes in virtually allimportant engineering and physical properties because of fundamental changes instructure caused by radiation damage.

This project will develop and characterize the radiation performance of materialswith improved radiation resistance. Material classes will be chosen that areexpected to be critical in multiple Generation IV technologies. The material designstrategies to be tested fall into three main categories: (1) alloying, by addingoversized elements to the matrix; (2) engineering grain boundaries; and (3)microstructural/nanostructural design, such as adding matrix precipitates.

The materials to be examined include both austenitic and ferritic-martensitic steels,both classes of which are expected to be key structural materials in manyGeneration IV concepts. The irradiation program will consist of scoping studiesusing proton and heavy-ion irradiations of key alloys and tailored alloy conditionand examination of materials irradiated in BOR-60 to confirm charged particleresults. Examinations will include microstructural characterization, mechanicalproperties evaluation using hardness and shear punch, and stress corrosioncracking.

G. Gupta, B. Alexandreanu, and G. S. Was, “Grain Boundary Engineering of Ferritic-Martensitic Alloy T91,” Metall. Trans. A, submitted.

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Developing and Evaluating Candidate Materials for Generation IVSupercritical Water ReactorsG. S. Was, PI (with J. Cole, ANL, J. Jang, KAERI, J. Rempe, INEEL, and M.Corradini, U. Wisconsin); C. B. Bahn, Research FellowU.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (I-NERI)$430,000/3 yrs

The goal of this project is to establish candidate materials for supercritical waterreactor designs and to initiate the evaluation of the mechanical properties,dimensional stability, and corrosion resistance. To overcome the principal technicaland scientific obstacles to the long-term future use of nuclear energy, new reactordesigns must offer enhanced safety and reliability, sustainability and economics. Tomeet these goals, Generation IV (GEN IV) reactor designs must incorporateadvanced materials for cladding and structural components. Currently, insufficientphysical property data exist to qualify candidate materials. In many cases,candidate materials have not even been identified. For all Generation IV designs,significant materials property data must be obtained to license future reactordesigns.

To meet the goals of the GEN IV Reactor research initiative, internationalcollaborations are critical in terms of shared resources and shared expertise.Because of the significant costs associated with nuclear systems research aninternational cost sharing approach will provide maximum value for the limitedresearch dollars. Both the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the United States (US)have a shared interest in the development of advanced reactor systems thatemploy supercritical water as a coolant.

Supercritical water reactors (SCWR) are one of the more promising Generation IVnuclear systems concepts due to enhanced thermal efficiencies and relativecompactness when compared to current light water reactor (LWR) technology. Therelatively mature alloy development programs for supercritical fossil plants (SC-FP)can be used as a baseline for the development of fuel cladding and structuralmaterials in a SCWR. The SC-FP alloys have known corrosion resistanceproperties but have not been evaluated relative to degradation in radiation fields.Additionally, materials developed for the fast reactor programs, which operated insimilar temperature regimes as SCWR, will also be evaluated for SCWRapplications. These alloys have known radiation resistance, but the corrosionperformance is unknown. To understand the relative materials compatibility, acomprehensive research program is proposed that initially evaluates state-of-the-art SC-FP and fast reactor materials for application in SCWR, and expands onthese alloys to produce materials optimized for SCWR fuel cladding and coreinternal structures.

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Developing Improved Reactor Structural MaterialsUsing Proton Irradiation as a Rapid Analysis ToolG. S. Was, PI (and T. Allen, ANL); Y. Wang and R. Dropek, Graduate StudentsU.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI)$440,000/3 yrs

The objective of this work is to design improved reactor structural materials towardpreparation for advanced reactor systems. The work will provide fundamental newknowledge that will improve both environmental cracking resistance and voidswelling resistance in reactor structural materials. The tools used to provide thisnew knowledge will be grain boundary structural engineering, grain boundarycomposition engineering, and bulk composition engineering. Grain boundarystructural engineering involves increasing the coincident site lattice fraction of thegrain boundaries through thermomechanical treatments in order to improve itsresistance to IASCC. Grain boundary composition engineering consists of heattreatments designed to produce non-equilibrium segregation of chromium to delaychromium depletion through RIS. Finally, bulk composition engineering involves theaddition of specific solutes that will affect vacancy and interstitial recombinationand hence, the irradiated microstructure and RIS.

J. Gan, J. I. Cole, T. R. Allen, R. B. Dropek, and G. S. Was, “Effect of Zr Addition onIrradiated-Microstructure and Hardening in 304 SS,” Fusion Science andTechnology, 44, 191 (2003).

J. Gan, J. I. Cole, T. R. Allen, R. B. Dropek, and G. S. Was, “Effect of Irradiation onMicrostructure and Microchemistry of Grain Boundary-Engineered AusteniticAlloys,” Phil. Mag., submitted.

J. I. Cole, T. R. Allen, G. S. Was and E. A. Kenik, “The Influence of Pre-IrradiationHeat Treatments on Thermal Non-Equilibrium and Radiation-Induced SegregationBehavior in Model Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloys,” Effects of Radiation onMaterials: 21st International Symposium, ASTM STP, eds. M. L. Grossbeck, T. R.Allen, R. G. Lott, and A. S. Kumar, American Society for Testing and Materials,West Conshohocken, PA, in press.

R. B. Dropek, G. S. Was, J. Gan, J. I. Cole, T. R. Allen, and E. A. Kenik, “BulkComposition and Grain Boundary Engineering to Improve Stress CorrosionCracking Behavior of Proton Irradiated Stainless Steels,” Proc.11th Int’l Conf.Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – WaterReactors, American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, IL, in press.

J. I. Cole, T. R. Allen, G. S. Was, Y. Wang, and E. A. Kenik, “The Effect of BulkComposition and Pre-Irradiation Heat Treatment on the Radiation-Induced

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Segregation Behavior in Austenitic Stainless Steel,” 10th Int’l Conf. EnvironmentalDegradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, NACEInternational, Houston, TX, August 2001.

T. R. Allen, J. I. Cole, and G. S. Was, “The Effect of Bulk Composition Swelling andRadiation-Induced Segregation,” Proc. 20th Symp. Effects of Radiation on Materials,American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2001.

T. R. Allen, J. I. Cole, N. L. Dietxz, Y. Wang, G. S. Was, and E. A. Kenik, “The Effectof Bulk Composition on Swelling and Radiation-Induced Segregation in AusteniticAlloys,” Proc. Materials Research Society, 650, B3.12.1–B3.12.6, MaterialsResearch Society, Pittsburgh, PA (2001).

T. R. Allen, J. T. Busby, J. Gan, E. A. Kenik, and G. S. Was, “The CorrelationBetween Swelling and Radiation-Induced Segregation in Fe-Cr-Ni Alloys,” Effectsof Radiation on Materials: 19th International Symposium, ASTM STP 1366, 739-755, eds. M. L. Hamilton, A. S. Kumar, S. T. Rosinski, and M. L. Grossbeck,American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA (2000).

Effects of Proton Irradiation on the Stress Relaxationand Microstructural Evolution of Austenitic Stainless SteelsG. S. Was, PI; B. H. Sencer, Research FellowNuclear Fuel Industries, Ltd.$274,000/2 yrs

This project is aimed at understanding the evolution of microstructure in irradiated304 and 316 austenitic stainless steel and the effect of irradiation on stressrelaxation. Metals under stress and irradiation will undergo a reduction in stresswith increased irradiation dose. While this is often beneficial, stresses may beintroduced intentionally, as in the case of shot peening, in order to suppress crackinitiation. Hence, in those components, it is critical that the stress relaxationbehavior under irradiation is known. This projects seeks to understand themicrostructure origins of irradiation-induced stress relaxation.

B. H. Sencer, G. S. Was, M. Sagisaka, Y. Isobe, G. Bond, and F. A. Garner, “ProtonIrradiation Simulation of Microstructural Evolution of Solution Annealed 304 andCold-Worked 316 Stainless Steels during Irradiation in PWRs,” J. Nucl. Mater., inpress.

B. H. Sencer, G. S. Was, F. A. Garner, G. Bond, M. Sagisaka, and Y. Isobe,“Assessment of Potential Void Swelling Behavior of SA304 and CW316 in PWRs

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Using Proton Irradiation,” Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st InternationalSymposium, ASTM STP, eds. M. L. Grossbeck, T. R. Allen, R. G. Lott and A. S.Kumar, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, inpress.

B. H. Sencer, G. S. Was, F. A. Garner, G. M. Bond, M. Sagisaka, and Y. Isobe,“Proton-Induced Microstructural Evolution of Solution Annealed 304 and Cold-Worked 316 Stainless Steels Irradiated at 300 and 340oC,” Proc. 11th Int’l Conf.Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – WaterReactors, American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, IL, in press.

Y. Isobe, M. Sagisaka, B. H. Sencer, G. S. Was, F.A. Garner, H. Yuya, A. Nishikawa,and Y. Sugita, “Proton-Induced Relaxation of Surface Stresses Resulting fromHeavily Cold-Worked 304 Stainless Steels,” Proc. 11th Int’l Conf. EnvironmentalDegradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, AmericanNuclear Society, La Grange Park, IL, in press.

M. Sagisaka, T. Fukuda, Y. Isobe, F. Garner, G. M. Bond, B. H. Sencer, G. S. Was,T. Kamada, and K. Matsueda, “Evaluation of Potential Void Swelling Behavior inPWR Core Internals,” 10th Int’l Conf. Environmental Degradation of Materials inNuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, NACE International, Houston, TX,August 2001.

Feasibility Study of Supercritical Light Water Cooled Fast Reactorsfor Actinide Burning and Electric Power ProductionG. S. Was, PI; Y. Yi, Research Investigator; S. Teysseyre, Research FellowJ. McKinley, Graduate Student; B. Krieger, Undergraduate StudentU.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI)$503,000/3 yrs

The use of supercritical pressure light water as the coolant in a direct-cycle nuclearreactor offers potential for considerable plant simplification and consequent capitaland O&M cost reduction compared with current light water reactor (LWR) designs.Also, given the thermodynamic conditions of the coolant at the core outlet (i.e.temperature and pressure beyond the water critical point), very high thermalefficiencies of the power conversion cycle are possible (i.e. up to 46%). Becauseno change of phase occurs in the core, the need for steam separators and dryersas well as for BWR-type re-circulation pumps is eliminated, which, for a givenreactor power, results in a substantially shorter reactor vessel than the currentBWRs. Furthermore, in a direct cycle the steam generators are not needed.

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Supercritical water presents unique challenges to the long-term operation ofengineering materials. The generation of oxygen and hydrogen gas by radiolysisand the high solubility of these gases in supercritical water will result in highercorrosion and stress corrosion rates than experienced with other reactor designs.In addition, radiation may accelerate or assist the stress corrosion cracking in thereactor region, and stress corrosion cracking and accelerated corrosion may occurin the preheat and cool-down sections of the circuit. The existing data base on thecorrosion and stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel and nickelbased alloys in supercritical water is very sparse. Therefore, the focus of this workwill be corrosion and stress corrosion cracking testing of candidate fuel claddingand structural materials. A high temperature autoclave containing a constant ratemechanical test device will be built and operated at the University of Michigan. Theresulting data will be used to identify promising materials and develop appropriatecorrosion and stress corrosion cracking correlations.

G. S. Was, J. McKinley, and S. Teysseyre, “Stress Corrosion Cracking of Iron- andNickel-Base Alloys in Supercritical Water,” Proc. Global 2003, American NuclearSociety, La Grange Park, IL, in press.

J. McKinley, S. Teysseyre, G. S. Was, D. B. Mitton, H. Kim, J-K Kim, and R. M.Latanision, “Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Alloys inSupercritical Water,” Proc. Int’l Conf. on Global Environment and Nuclear PowerPlants, GENES4/ANP2003, Kyoto, Japan, in press.

S. Teysseyre, J. McKinley, G. S. Was, D. B. Mitton, H. Kim, J-K Kim, and R. M.Latanision, “Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Alloys inSupercritical Water,” Proc. 11th Int’l Conf. Environmental Degradation of Materials inNuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, American Nuclear Society, La GrangePark, IL.

Mechanism of Irradiation Assisted Cracking of Core Components in LWRsG. S. Was, PI; M. Atzmon and L. M Wang, Co-PIs; M. Hash, Research InvestigatorM. Sowa, Graduate StudentU.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Engineering Education Research (NEER)$679,403/3 yrs

The objective of this project is to identify the “persistent” effect responsible forirradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) by separating themicrostructure changes from the microchemistry changes. That is, we propose tocreate a microstructure typical of that resulting from neutron irradiation in reactor toseveral dpa, but with little change in microchemistry from the unirradiated state.

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Similarly, we propose to create a microchemistry typical of that resulting fromneutron irradiation in-reactor to several dpa, but with little change in microstructurefrom the unirradiated state. In this way, we can perform SCC tests to isolate thekey material condition which is responsible for the observed cracking. Results fromexperiments designed to isolate RIS through post-irradiation annealing wereextremely successful and have provided new insight into the process that do anddo not control IASCC.

M. C. Hash, J. T. Busby, and G. S. Was, “The Effect of Hardening Source in ProtonIrradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Cold Worked Type 304 StainlessSteel,” Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium, ASTM STP1447, eds. M. R. Grossbeck, T. R. Allen, R. G. Lott and A. S. Kumar, AmericanSociety for Testing of Materials, West Conshohocken, PA (2002).

J. T. Busby, E. A. Kenik, and G. S. Was, “Comparison of In- and Ex-Situ Analysis ofPost-Irradiation Annealing,” Proceedings of Microscopy and Microanalysis SocietyMeeting, 8, 2, 809 (2002).

G. S. Was and J. T. Busby, “Role of Irradiated Microstructure and Microchemistry inIrradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking,” Phil. Mag., invited.

E. P. Simonen, D. J. Edwards, B. W. Arey, S. M. Bruemmer, J. T. Busby, and G. S.Was, “Annealing Stages in Neutron-Irradiated Austenitic Stainless Steels,” Phil.Mag., submitted.

J. T. Busby, M. M. Sowa, G. S. Was, and E. A. Kenik, “The Role of Fine DefectClusters in Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Proton-Irradiated 304Stainless Steel,” Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium,ASTM STP 1447, eds. M. R. Grossbeck, T. R. Allen, R. G. Lott and A. S. Kumar,American Society for Testing of Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002.

J. T. Busby, G. S. Was, and E. A. Kenik, “Role of Radiation-Induced Segregation inIASCC of Austenitic Stainless Steels,” J. Nucl. Mater., 302, 20-40 (2002).

G. S. Was, J. T. Busby, T. Allen, E. A. Kenik, A. Jenssen, S. M. Bruemmer, J. Gan,A. D. Edwards, P. Scott, and P. L. Andresen, “Emulation of Neutron IrradiationEffects with Protons: Validation of Principle,” J. Nucl. Mater., 300, 198-216 (2002).

J. Gan, G. S. Was, and R. Stoller, “Modeling of Microstructure Evolution inAustenitic Stainless Steels Irradiated under Light Water Reactor Conditions,” J.Nucl. Mater., 299, 53-67 (2001).

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J. Gan and G. S. Was, “Microstructure Evolution in Austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni AlloysIrradiated with Protons: Comparison with Neutron-Irradiated Microstructures,” J.Nucl. Mater., 297, 161-175 (2001).

E. A. Kenik, J. T. Busby, and G. S. Was, “High Spatial Resolution X-rayMicroanalysis of Radiation-Induced Segregation in Proton-Irradiated StainlessSteels,” in “Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope,”eds. J. Bentley et al., Proc. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp., 589, 295-300 (2001).

T. R. Allen, J. I. Cole, N. L. Dietxz, Y. Wang, G. S. Was, and E. A. Kenik, “The Effectof Bulk Composition on Swelling and Radiation-Induced Segregation in AusteniticAlloys,” Proc. Materials Research Society, 650, B3.12.1–B3.12.6 (2001).

J. Gan, E. P. Simonen, D. J. Edwards, S. M. Bruemmer, L. Fournier, B. H. Sencer,and G. S. Was, “Microstructure Evolution in Charged Particle Irradiated 316 SSModified to Reduce Radiation Damage,” Proc. Materials Research Society, 650,B2.6.1–B2.6.6 (2001).

V. Rotberg, O. Toader, and G. S. Was, “A High Intensity Ion Source for RadiationEffects Research,” Proc. Sixteenth International Conference on Applications ofAccelerators in Research and Industry, 687-691, eds. J. L. Duggan and I. L.Morgan, American Institute of Physics (2001).

J. T. Busby, G. S. Was, and E. A. Kenik, “Isolation of the Role of Radiation-InducedSegregation in Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Proton-IrradiatedAustenitic Stainless Steels,” 10th Int’l Conf. Environmental Degradation of Materialsin Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, NACE International, Houston, TX,August 2001.

A Novel Approach to Materials Development for Advanced Reactor SystemsG. S. Was, PI; M. Atzmon and L. M. Wang, Co-PIs; Xaiotaio Zu, Visiting ResearcherM. Hash, Research Investigator; Q. Yu, Graduate StudentU.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI)$484,372/3 yrs

The objective of this project is to extend the applicability of proton irradiation to thestudy of radiation effects in Zircaloys and reactor pressure vessel steels, bothessential components in advanced reactor designs as well. If proton irradiation canbe shown to accurately replicate neutron irradiation effects in these alloys, then wewill have the capability to tackle irradiation effects in wide range of critical alloysystems. These objectives address the principal technical and scientific obstacles

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to future use of nuclear power in the U.S., and strengthening the nuclear scienceand engineering infrastructure in the U.S.

G. S. Was, M. Hash, and G. R. Odette, “Proton Irradiation of Model andCommercial Pressure Vessel Steels,” Phil. Mag., submitted.

E. P. Simonen, D. J. Edwards, B. W. Arey, S. M. Bruemmer, J. T. Busby, and G. S.Was, “Annealing Stages in Neutron-Irradiated Austenitic Stainless Steels,” Phil.Mag., submitted.

X. T. Zu, K. Sun, M. Atzmon, L. M. Wang, L. P. You, F. R. Wan, J. T. Busby, G. S.Was, and R. B. Adamson, “Effect of Proton and Ne Irradiation on the Microstructureof Zircaloy 4,” Phil. Mag., submitted.

X. T. Zu, L. M. Wang, M. Atzmon, G. S. Was, and R. B. Adamson, “Effect of ProtonIrradiation on Microstructure and Hardness Evolution in Zircaloy 4,” Effects ofRadiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium, ASTM STP, eds M. L.Grossbeck, T. R. Allen, R. G. Lott, and A. S. Kumar, American Society for Testingand Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, in press.

M. C. Hash, L. M. Wang, J. T. Busby, and G. S. Was, “The Effect of HardeningSource in Proton Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Cold-WorkedType 304 Stainless Steel,” Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st InternationalSymposium, ASTM STP, eds. M. L. Grossbeck, T. R. Allen, R. G. Lott, and A. S.Kumar, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, inpress.

Q. Yu, G. S. Was, L. M. Wang, R. Odette, and D. E. Alexander, “Hardening andMicrostruture of Model Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel Alloys Using ProtonIrradiation,” Proc. Materials Research Society, 650, B6.2.1–B6.2.6, MaterialsResearch Society, Pittsburgh, PA. (2001).

Q. Yu, G. S. Was, R. Odette, and D. Alexander, “Hardening and PrecipitateCharacter in Proton Irradiated Model Pressure Vessel Steel Alloys,” 10th Int’l Conf.Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – WaterReactors, NACE International, Houston, TX, August 2001.

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Novel Concepts for Damage-Resistant Alloys in Next GenerationNuclear Power SystemsG. S. Was, PI (and S. M. Bruemmer, E. P. Simonen, F. A. Garner, PNNL, and P. L.Andresen, GERD); L. Fournier, Post-doctoral ScholarU.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI)$305,000/3 yrs

The objective of the proposed research is to develop the scientific basis for a newclass of radiation-resistant materials. Two approaches are proposed to developdamage resistant materials far superior to current stainless steels: (1) latticeperturbation to catalyze defect recombination within the early stages of cascadeformation and defect migration and (2) controlled manipulation of the aggregatedefect ensemble through the deliberate introduction of dynamic metastablemicrostructures. A key aspect of designing this dynamic microstructure will be toensure the complex, radiation-induced changes do not promote environmentalcracking. Results with the addition of Hf and Pt in 316 stainless steel were verysuccessful in strongly suppressing void nucleating, minimizing loop size anddelaying the onset of RIS.

L. Fournier, B. H. Sencer, G. S. Was, E. P. Simonen, and S. M. Bruemmer, “TheInfluence of Oversized Solute Additions on Radiation-Induced Changes and Post-Irradiation Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior in High-Purity 316Stainless Steels,” J. Nucl. Mater., in press.

J. Gan, E.P. Simonen, S.M. Bruemmer, L. Fournier, B. H. Sencer, and G. S. Was,“The Effect of Oversized Solute Additions on the Microstructure of 316SS Irradiatedwith 5 MeV Ni++ Ions or 3.2 MeV Protons,” J. Nucl. Mater., in press.

B. H. Sencer, G. S. Was, L. Fournier, E. Kenik, and S. Bruemmer, “Influence ofOversized Solute Additions on Radiation-Induced Microstructure andMicrochemistry in Austenitic Stainless Steel,” Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21stInternational Symposium, ASTM STP, eds. M. L. Grossbeck, T. R. Allen, R. G. Lott,and A. S. Kumar, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken,PA, in press.

J. I. Cole, T. R. Allen, G. S. Was, and E. A. Kenik, “The Influence of Pre-IrradiationHeat Treatments on Thermal Non-Equilibrium and Radiation-Induced SegregationBehavior in Model Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloys,” Effects of Radiation onMaterials: 21st International Symposium, ASTM STP, eds. M. L. Grossbeck, T. R.Allen, R. G. Lott, and A. S. Kumar, American Society for Testing and Materials,West Conshohocken, PA, in press.

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L. Fournier, B. H. Sencer, Y. Wang, G. S. Was, J. Gan, S. M. Bruemmer, E. P.Simonen, T. R. Allen, and J. I. Cole, “Effect of Oversized Solute Additions onIrradiated Microstruture and IASCC of Austenitic Stainless Steels,” 10th Int’l Conf.Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – WaterReactors, NACE International, Houston, TX, 2002.

J. I. Cole, T. R. Allen, G. S. Was, Y. Wang, and E. A. Kenik, “The Effect of BulkComposition and Pre-Irradiation Heat Treatment on the Radiation-InducedSegregation Behavior in Austenitic Stainless Steel,” 10th Int’l Conf. EnvironmentalDegradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, NACEInternational, Houston, TX, 2002.

J. Gan, E. P. Simonen, D. J. Edwards, S. M. Bruemmer, L. Fournier, B. H. Sencer,and G. S. Was, “Microstructure Evolution in Charged Particle Irradiated 316 SSModified to Reduce Radiation Damage,” Proc. Materials Research Society, 650,B2.6.1–B2.6.6, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA (2001).

L. Fournier, B. H. Sencer, Y. Wang, G. S. Was, J. Gan, S. M. Bruemmer, E. P.Simonen, T. R. Allen, and J. I. Cole, “Effect of Oversized Solute Additions onIrradiated Microstruture and IASCC of Austenitic Stainless Steels,” 10th Int’l Conf.Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – WaterReactors, NACE International, Houston, TX, August 2001.

E. P. Simonen, D. J. Edwards, S. M. Bruemmer, J. T. Busby, and G. S. Was, “Light-Water Reactor Microstructural Characterization from Post-Irradiation AnnealingBehavior,” 10th Int’l Conf. Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear PowerSystems – Water Reactors, NACE International, Houston, TX, August 2001.

Proton Irradiation of Novel Materials for Applicationin Fusion Reactor SystemsG. S. Was, PIOak Ridge National Laboratory$20,000/1 yr

Proton irradiation experiments will be conducted on both the current prime modelalloy in the fusion materials program as well as an exciting new model materialssystem based on a nano-microlaminate architecture. The materials specimens forthis irradiation program will be supplied by ORNL or another national laboratory.The materials would be irradiated in the form of small coupons. Micro and nano-hardness, as well as various destructive characterization techniques, will be used toprobe the nano-laminates. In addition, since the proton beam will fully penetrate

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the thin foils, electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements can becarried out on these specimens as well. Post-irradiation evaluations of thesematerials will also be conducted in the performance of this work.

Radiation Effects in Candidate Materialsfor Spallation Neutron EnvironmentsG. S. Was, PI; N. Ham, Graduate StudentLos Alamos National Laboratory$372,018/3 yrs

The objective of this project is to investigate the effect of proton irradiation on themicrostructure, microchemistry and subsequent corrosion and stress-corrosioncracking behavior of ferritic-martensitic (F-M) steels for application in spallationneutron environments. A second objective will be the evaluation of the low-MeVproton damage state relative to that produced in a prototypical spallation (600-800MeV protons and neutrons) environment.

G. S. Was, J. T. Busby, T. R. Allen, and J. Gan, “Assessment of Materials forAccelerator Applications using Proton Irradiation,” Proc. Accelerator Applications ina Nuclear Renaissance, AccApp’03, American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, IL.

Random Grain Boundary Network as a Predictive Toolfor Intergranular Stress Corrosion CrackingG. S. Was, PI; B. Alexandreanu, Research Fellow; S. Teysseyre, Research FellowU.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI)$288,000/3 yrs

In this work, we will develop methods to quantify the interconnectivity of therandom grain boundary network, measure the interconnectivity of a series ofmaterials where the interconnectivity has been systematically altered. We thenperform property measurements on the materials and compare their performanceranking with the boundary network measurements, and characterize the materialsto correlate actual crack paths with the measurements of the random grainboundary network.

With this data, we will then evaluate and improve the methods that have beenchosen to describe the random grain boundary network. We will test thecharacterization method by evaluating the interconnectivity of the random grain

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boundary network in a series of as-received materials, rank their expectedperformance, and compare that result with property measurements.

The major accomplishments of this project are expected to be (1) the determinationthat the random boundary network connectivity (RBNC) is a major driver of IGSCCin low to medium stacking fault energy austenitic alloys, (2) the development of apredictive tool for ranking IGSCC performance of these alloys, and (3) theestablishment of thermomechanical processing parameters to be applied in themanufacture of IGSCC in current LWR conditions that can then enable thedevelopment of economically and operationally competitive water-cooled advancedreactor systems.

Understanding the Mechanisms of Environmentally-AssistedIntergranular Cracking of Nickel-Base AlloysG. S. Was, PI; L. Fournier, Post-Doctoral ScholarB. Alexandreanu and B. Capell, Graduate StudentsU.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences$414,695/3 yrs

This project has focused on microstructure as the key element in understanding themechanism of cracking of nickel-base alloys in primary water in PWRs. Inparticular, a microstructure consisting of carbon as grain boundary carbides resistsIGSCC in 360°C primary water containing 1 bar H better than one with only carbonin solution. A microstructure with grain boundary carbides is also more resistant toIGSCC than one with carbon in solution. A high fraction of coincident site latticeboundaries strongly retards the creep rate (by up to a factor of 30) in 360°C Ar, anda geometric model is proposed to explain the effect. A high fraction of specialboundaries also retards IGSCC in 360°C primary water. Recent results also showthat IGSCC is induced by grain boundary sliding and that it is the localized strain,not stress, that causes IGSCC. Finally, high temperature steam oxidationexperiments are being conducted on several Ni-Cr-Fe-C alloys to understand therole of hydrogen in the oxidation of Ni and the correlation with IGSCC. All of theseobservations strongly support the contention that microstructure is critical tounderstanding and ultimately controlling IG cracking.

L. Fournier, B. Capell, T. Magnin, and G.S. Was, “Oxidation Induced IntergranularCracking in Nickel Base Alloys in the Temperature Range 400°C to 650°C,” Proc.Hydrogen Effects/Corrosion Deformation Interactions, September, 2002, TheMinerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA.

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D. J. Paraventi, T. M. Angeliu, and G. S. Was, “The Effect of Hydrogen on Creep inHigh Purity Ni-16Cr-9Fe Alloys at 360°C,” Proc. Hydrogen Effects/CorrosionDeformation Interactions, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale,PA, September 2002.

B. Alexandreanu and G. S. Was, “Role of Grain Boundary Character on IGSCC inNi-Cr-Fe-C Alloys,” Proc. Hydrogen Effects/Corrosion Deformation Interactions, TheMinerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, September 2002.

B. Alexandreanu and G. S. Was, “Grain Boundary Deformation – Induced IGSCC ofNi-16Cr-9Fe in 360°C Water,” Corrosion, in press.

B. Alexandreanu, B. H. Sencer, V. Thaveeprungsriporn, and G. S. Was, “The Effectof Grain Boundary Character Distribution on the High Temperature DeformationBehavior of Ni-16Cr-9Fe Alloys, Phil. Mag., 51,13, 3831-3848 (2003).

D. Paraventi, T. Angeliu, and G. S. Was, “Effect of Hydrogen on Creep of HighPurity Ni-16Cr-9Fe at 360°C,” Corrosion, 58, 8, 687-697 (2002).

Y. Yi and G. S. Was, “IGSCC Behavior During Constant Load Tests of Alloy 600 inPrimary Water,” 10th Int’l Conf. Environmental Degradation of Materials in NuclearPower Systems – Water Reactors, NACE International, Houston, TX (2002).

B. Capell, L. Fournier, and G. S. Was, “Intergranular Cracking Behavior of Ni-xCr-9Fe-C Alloys in Hydrogenated Steam,” 10th Int’l Conf. Environmental Degradation ofMaterials in Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, NACE International,Houston, TX (2002).

B. Alexandreanu, B. Capell, and G. S. Was, “Combined Effect of Special GrainBoundaries and Grain Boundary Carbides on IGSCC of Ni-16Cr-9Fe-xC Alloys,”Mater. Sci. Engin. A, 300, 1-2, 94-104 (2001).

Y. Yi and G. S. Was, “Stress and Temperature Dependence of Creep in Alloy 600 inPrimary Water,” Metall. Trans. A, 32A, 2553-2560 (2001).

B. Alexandreanu and G. S. Was, “A Priori Determination of the Sampling Size forGrain Boundary Character Distribution and Grain Boundary Degradation Analysis,”Phil. Mag. A, 81, 8, 1951-1965 (2001).

G. S. Was, B. Alexendreanu, B. Capell, V. Thaveeprungsriporn, T. M. Angeliu, J. L.Hertzberg, D. Crawford, D. Paraventi, and F. Vaillant, “The Role of Grain BoundaryDeformation in IGSCC of Austenitic Alloys in High Temperature Water,” Proc.Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Stress Corrosion Cracking: A Symposium

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Honoring the Contributions of R. W. Staehle, ed. R. H. Jones, The Minerals, Metalsand Materials Society, 145-165 (2001).

Use of Proton Irradiation to Determine IASCC Mechanismsin Light Water ReactorsG. S. Was, PI; Jeremy Busby, Co-PI; M. Hash, Research InvestigatorElectric Power Research Institute$677,000/3 yrs

The objective of this research project is to identify the specific metallurgicalconditions that control IASCC using proton irradiation and constant extension ratetesting (CERT) in relevant environments. This project will provide guidance in theselection of the most important metallurgical conditions for subsequent testing ofneutron irradiated alloys to confirm the conditions of greatest impact to IASCC. Itwill also provide guidance on the selection of specific alloys with solute additionsthat should be irradiated in reactor for subsequent testing. This approach followsthe broad CIR-II plan to examine 20 single-variable conditions spanning 14 alloys inorder to isolate the metallurgical variables (microchemistry, microstructure,hardening, etc.) that control IASCC susceptibility of austenitic alloys and todetermine the IASCC mechanism. Successful completion of this project isexpected to result in the identification of specific metallurgical variables that moststrongly impact IASCC, and hence, a better understanding of the IASCCmechanism as well as a direction for modeling and mitigation.

J. T. Busby, G. S. Was, and E. Kenik, “Effect of Single Solute Additions onIrradiation-Induced Segregation of Model Austenitic Alloys,” Phil. Mag., submitted.

J. T. Busby, M. Hash, and G. S. Was, “The Relationship between Hardness andYield Stress in Irradiated Austenitic Stainless Steels,” J. Nucl. Mater., submitted.

J. T. Busby and G. S. Was, “Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking inModel Austenitic Alloys with Solute Additions,” Proc. 11th Int’l Conf. EnvironmentalDegradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, AmericanNuclear Society, La Grange Park, IL, in press.

G. S. Was, J. T. Busby, T. Allen, E. A. Kenik, A. Jenssen, S. M. Bruemmer, J. Gan,A. D. Edwards, P. Scott, and P. L. Andresen, “Emulation of Neutron IrradiationEffects with Protons: Validation of Principle,” J. Nucl. Mater., 300, 198-216 (2002).

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PLASMAS AND FUSION

Ablation Plasma Ion ImplantationR. M. Gilgenbach, PI and Y. Y. Lau, Co-PINational Science Foundation$289,000/3 yrs

This project investigates a new technique for implanting ions into materials utilizinglaser ablation plumes.

B. Qi, R. M. Gilgenbach, Y. Y. Lau, M. D. Johnston, J. Lian, L. M. Wang, G. L. Doll,and A. Lazarides, “Ablation Plasma Ion Implantation Experiments: Measurement ofFe Implantation into Si,” Applied Physics Letters, 78, 3785, June 2001.

B. Qi, Y. Y. Lau, and R. M. Gilgenbach, “Extraction of Ions from the Matrix Sheathin Ablation-Plasma Ion Implantation,” Applied Physics Letters, 78, 706, February2001.

Crossed Field, High Energy Microwave Source Experiments and TheoryR.M. Gilgenbach, PI and Y.Y. Lau, Co-PIU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research$600,000/3 yrs

This research is a study of the relativistic magnetron for generating 200-300 MWmicrowave pulses.

M. R. Lopez, R. M. Gilgenbach, D. W. Jordan, S. Anderson, M. D. Johnston, M. W.Keyser, H. Miyake, C. W. Peters, M. C. Jones, V. B. Neculaes, Y. Y. Lau, T. A.Spencer, J. W. Luginsland, M. Haworth, R. W. Lemke, and D. Price, “CathodeEffects on a Relativistic Magnetron Driven by a Microsecond Electron BeamAccelerator,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Science, Special Issue on High PowerMicrowaves, June 2002.

Electron Cyclotron Plasma SourcesR. M. Gilgenbach, PI and Y. Y. Lau, Co-PINational Aeronautics and Space Administration$220,000 for 2.5 years

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This project explores a new type of plasma rocket that uses a microwave plasmaelectron cyclotron resonance.

Experimental Studies of Plasma Plume Expansionfor Model ValidationR. M. GilgenbachU.S. Department of Energy/Sandia National Laboratory$50,000/yr for 3 yrs

The purpose of this work is to perform detailed diagnostics on expanding plasmaionization dynamics of a new z-pinch plasma experiment built at the University ofMichigan.

Industrial Affiliates ProgramR. M.Gilgenbach, PD and Y. Y. Lau, Co-PINorthrop Grumman Corporation$37,500/4 yrs

This gift from the Northrop Grumman Corporation facilitates communication withresearchers in the UM Intense Energy Beam Interaction Lab.

Microwave Vacuum ElectronicsR. M. Gilgenbach, P.I. and Y. Y. Lau, Co-PIU.S. Department of Defense/Air Force /University of Wisconsin$802,894/5 yrs

This concerns vacuum microwave sources, particularly klystrons and crossed fielddevices.

Y. Y. Lau, D. P. Chernin, C. Wilsen, and R. M. Gilgenbach, “Theory ofIntermodulation of a Klystron,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Science, 28, 959, June 2000.

C. B. Wilsen, J. Luginsland, Y. Y. Lau, T. M. Antonsen, D. P. Chernin, P. M. Tchou,M. W. Keyser, R. M. Gilgenbach, and L. D. Ludeking, “A Simulation Study of BeamLoading on a Cavity,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Science, Special Issue on High PowerMicrowaves, June 2002.

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C. B. Wilsen, Y. Y. Lau, D. Chernin, and R. M. Gilgenbach, “A Note on CurrentModulation from Nonlinear Electron Orbits,” IEEE Transaction on Plasma Science,Special Issue on High Power Microwave Generation, June 2002.

MURI-ATRI Vacuum ElectronicsR. M. Gilgenbach, PI and Y. Y. Lau, Co-PIU.S. Department of Defense//Air Force/Univ. CA-Davis$350,000/5 yrs

This project concerns several issues in microwave generation from vacuum electronmicrowave devices.

C. B. Wilsen, J. Luginsland, Y. Y. Lau, T. M. Antonsen, D. P. Chernin, P. M. Tchou,M. W. Keyser, R. M. Gilgenbach, and L. D. Ludeking, “A Simulation Study of BeamLoading on a Cavity,” IEEE Transaction on Plasma Science, Special Issue on HighPower Microwave Generation, June 2002.

C. B. Wilsen, Y. Y. Lau, D. Chernin, and R. M. Gilgenbach, “A Note on CurrentModulation from Nonlinear Electron Orbits,” IEEE Transaction on Plasma Science,Special Issue on High Power Microwave Generation, June 2002.

Relativistic Magnetron Priming Experiments and TheoryR. M. Gilgenbach, PI and Y. Y. Lau, Co PIU.S. Department of Defense/Air Force Office of Scientific Research$600,000/3 yrs.This research is a continuation of the previous study of the relativistic magnetron forgenerating 200-300 MW microwave pulses.

M. R. Lopez, R. M. Gilgenbach, D. W. Jordan, S. Anderson, M. D. Johnston, M. W.Keyser, H. Miyake, C. W. Peters, M. C. Jones, V. B. Neculaes, Y. Y. Lau, T. A.Spencer, J. W. Luginsland, M. Haworth, R. W. Lemke, and D. Price, “CathodeEffects on a Relativistic Magnetron Driven by a Microsecond Electron BeamAccelerator,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Science, Special Issue on High PowerMicrowaves, June 2002.

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Ultra-Wideband RF Enhanced Electroporation for ChemotherapyR. M. Gilgenbach, PI; Y. Y. Lau and M. Uhler (Medical School), Co-PIsU.S. Department of Defense/Air Force Office of Scientific Research$450,000 for 3 years

This is an innovative new research project that explores the fundamentalinteractions of non-ionizing RF radiation with biological cells. The ultimate goal isRF electroporation of tumor cells for chemotherapy

Investigations in Advanced Space PropulsionT. Kammash, PINational Aeronautics and Space Administration/Marshall Space Flight Center$88,029/1 yr

This study is focused on the potential application of fission, fusion, and antimatterannihilation reactions to space power and propulsion.

Nuclear Thermal Propulsion for Space ExplorationT. Kammash, PINational Aeronautics and Space Administration/Marshall Space Flight Center$24,000/1 yr

Near-term fission propulsion systems appear to be feasible based on the significantresearch that has been done on such systems. This study will include analysis ofsystem requirements for flight testing, system modifications necessary forcomputer and experimental simulations, and the development of monitoringsystems for data collection and analysis.

Ultra-Fast Laser Driven Plasma for Space Propulsion (Phases I – III))T. Kammash, PI (Phase I); T. Kammash, PI and D. Umstadter, Co-PI (Phase II)Universities Space Research Association(I) $79,350/6 mos(II) $201,527/11 mos(III) $83,000/6 mos

This study is aimed at assessing the potential of ultrafast laser-accelerated chargedparticles, such as protons, for space propulsion application. Recent experiments

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have shown that charged particles can be accelerated to relativistic energies by thismethod.

Ablation-Plasma Ion ImplantationY. Y. Lau, PI and R. M. Gilgenbach, PDNational Science Foundation$289,000/3 yrs

Novel scaling laws have been established for the ion dose from a laser-ablatedplasma plume that is approaching a negatively-biased substrate. A new techniqueto avoid arcing has been invented.

B. Qi, Ablation Plasma Ion Implantation, Ph.D. Thesis (2002).

B. Qi, R. M. Gilgenbach, M. C. Jones, M. D. Johnston, Y. Y. Lau, L. M. Wang, J.Lian, G. L. Doll, and A. Lazarides, “Diagnostic Characterization of Ablation PlasmaIon Implantation,” J. Appl. Phys. 93, May 15, 2003.

Analysis of Multipactor DischargeY. Y. Lau, PDU.S. Department of Energy$273,610/3 yrs

It was determined that a very thin layer of contaminant on a microwave windowmay absorb up to 50 percent of the incident microwave, and may well contribute todiamond window failure.

H. Bosman, Y. Y. Lau, and R. M. Gilgenbach, “Microwave Absorption on a ThinFilm,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, 1353 (2003).

Electromagnetic Waves in a Nonlinear Dielectric: Effects of Pulse ShapeY. Y. Lau, PDU.S. Department of Defense/Office of Naval Research$176,623/3yrs

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Nonlinear response of an electron to a short-pulse electromagnetic wave (~ 100optical cycles or less) is examined. Phase dependence and novel scaling laws fornonlinear Thomson scattering were obtained.

F. He, Y. Y. Lau, D. P. Umstadter, and T. Strickler, “Phase Dependence of ThomsonScattering in an Ultra-Intense Laser Field,” Phys. Plasmas, 9, 4325 (2002).

F. He, Y. Y. Lau, D. P. Umstadter, and R. Kawalczyk, “Backscattering of an IntenseLaser Beam by an Electron,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 90, 055002 (2003).

Y. Y. Lau, F. He, D. Umstadter, and R. Kowalczyk, “Nonlinear Thomson Scattering –a Tutorial,” Phys. Plasmas, 10, 2155 (2003). [Invited]

MURI Microwave Vacuum Electronics – (U of Wisconsin)Y. Y. Lau, PI and R. M. Gilgenbach, PDU.S. Department of Defense/Air Force Office of Scientific Research$802,894 for 5 yrs

This, and the following supplementary grant, will be described together.

MURI Microwave Vacuum Electronics – (U of Wisconsin/UC Davis)Y. Y. Lau, PI and R. M. Gilgenbach, PDU.S. Department of Defense/Air Force Office of Scientific Research$353,550 for 5 yrs

Important issues confronting modern rf electronics, such as intermodulation andlow frequency noise, are studied. Breakthroughs in the theory of klystronintermodulation have recently been obtained. Novel methods of intermodationsuppression based on this theory was demonstrated experimentally. Extension ofthe classical Child-Langmuir Law to temporally and spatially restricted electronbunches was given.

J. W. Luginsland, Y. Y. Lau, R. J. Umstattd, and J. J. Watrous, “Beyond the Child-Langmuir Law: The Physics of Multi-Dimensional Space Charge Limited Flow,”Phys. Plasmas, 9, 2371 (2002). (Invited)

A. Valfells, D. W. Feldman, P. G. O’Shea, and Y. Y. Lau, “Three Dimensional Effectson Virtual Cathode Formation in Electron Guns,” Phys. Plasmas, 9, 2377 (2002).(Invited)

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S. Bhattacharjee, C. Marchewka, J. Welter, R. Kowalczyk, C. B. Wilsen, Y. Y. Lau,J. H. Booske, A. Singh, J. E. Sharer, R. M. Gilgenbach, M. J. Newmann, and M. W.Keyser, “Suppression of Third-Order Intermodulation in a Klystron by Third-OrderInjection,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 90, 098303 (2003).

C. B. Wilsen, J. W. Lugingsland, Y. Y. Lau, T. M. Antonsen, Jr., D. P. Chernin, P. M.Tchou, M. W. Keyser, R. M. Gilgenbach, and L. D. Ludeking, “A Simulation Study ofBeam Loading on a Cavity”, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 30, 1160 (2002).

C. B. Wilsen, Y. Y. Lau, D. P. Chernin, and R. M. Gilgenbach, “A Note on CurrentModulation from Non-Linear Electron Orbits,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 30, 1176(2002).

Relativistic Magnetron Priming Experiments and TheoryY. Y. Lau, PI and R. M. Gilgenbach, PDU.S. Department of Defense/Air Force Office of Scientific Research$600,000 for 3 years

A fundamental study of experiments and theories of relativistic and non-relativisticcrossed-field microwave devices is initiated. Issues such as magnetic insulation,beam loading and cavity detune, mode selection, mode-locking, pulse shortening,etc., are being studied. A novel Child-Langmuir Law for relativistic crossed-fielddiode is developed.

M. R. Lopez, R. M. Gilgenbach, D. W. Jordan, S. A. Anderson, M. D. Johnston, M.W. Keyser, H. Miyake, C. W. Peters, M. C. Jones, V. B. Neculaes, Y. Y. Lau, T. A.Spencer, J. W. Luginsland, M. D. Howarth, R. W. Lemke, and D. Price, “CathodeEffects on a Relativistic Magnetron Driven by a Microsecond E-Beam Accelerator,”IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 30, 947 (2002).

M. Lopez, Y. Y. Lau, R. M. Gilgenbach, D. W. Jordan, and J. W. Luginsland,“Limiting Current in a Relativistic Diode under the Condition of Magnetic Insulation,”to appear in Phys. Plasmas (2003).

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An All-Optical Laser Wakefield Electron InjectorD. Umstadter, PI; A. Maksimchuk and V. Yanovsky, Co-PIsU.S. Department of Energy (Division of High-Energy Physics)$180,000/1 yr

Using compact (table-top-size) solid-state lasers–which produce ultrashort pulses,multi-terawatt peak powers, and intensities exceeding 1019 W/cm2–we propose toconduct an experimental study of an original concept for all-optical electroninjection and acceleration of electrons. Our recent theoretical and numerical studiesindicate that this method can produce electron bunches with parameterscomparable to those of RF-linacs but with orders-of-magnitude shorter pulsedurations (femtosecond uncompressed and sub-femtosecond compressed). Suchshort pulses may have important applications to the field of high-energy physics, bypossibly reducing beam-beam disruption instabilities in the final focus andpotentially providing a table-top GeV-energy detector-test-facility. They would alsoassuredly revolutionize modern x-ray sources, such as synchrotrons, free-electronlasers, and Compton-scattering sources, by providing ultrashort light pulsecapability and increasing both their coherence and gain.

K. Flippo, A. Maksimchuk, S. Banerjee, K. Nash, V. Wong, T. Lin, K. Nemoto, V. Y.Bychenkov, Y. Sentoku, G. Mourou, and D. Umstadter, “Study of Energetic IonGeneration from High-Intensity-Laser Dense-Plasma Interactions,” AIP Conf. Proc.,647, 255 (2002).

N. Saleh, P. Zhang, S. Chen, Z.-M. Sheng, A. Maksimchuk, V. Yanovsky, and D.Umstadter, “A Proof-of-Principle Experiment of Optical Injection of Electrons inLaser-Driven Plasma Waves,” AIP Conf. Proc., 647, 690 (2002).

Frontiers of Optical Coherent Ultrafast ScienceP. Bucksbaum, PI; D. Umstadter (with 10 others), Co-PIsNational Science Foundation$15,000,000/5 yrs

We are developing a petawatt laser system, which will be the most powerful at aU.S. university. This system will be used to study laser-matter interactions at 1023

W/cm2, the highest intensity ever achieved.

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Laser-Produced Coherent X-Ray SourcesD. Umstadter, PIU.S. Department of Energy (Division of Chemical Sciences)$420,000/3 yrs

The objective of the project is to develop a new generation of x-ray sources that fiton a tabletop, have femtosecond durations (10-15 seconds) and are as coherent asthe optical lasers used to drive them. By extending the energy of ultra fast strobesfrom the visible region to the x-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum, thesesources will enable a marriage between ultra-short time scales and ultra-smalllength scales. As such, these new tools can be used to study the dynamics ofphotosynthesis, ultra fast conformational changes in biology and chemistry, inner-shell electronic processes in atomic systems and phase transitions in materialsscience. Various x-ray-generation techniques are being explored, including Ramanx-ray lasing and both Thomson and Compton scattering from electron beams orplasmas. We recently demonstrated coherent relativistic Thomson scattering oflight from electrons in plasmas, showing that harmonics are emitted into a narrowcone in the same direction as the laser driver. Higher order harmonics are currentlybeing investigated, along with improvements in phase matching. In the process, wediscovered that ions (including protons) could be accelerated to mega-electron-voltenergies in well-collimated beams. Using a single compact laser system, we alsoplan to both accelerate an electron beam and Compton scatter light from it.

F. He, Y. Y. Lau, D. P. Umstadter, and T. Strickler, “Phase Dependence of ThomsonScattering in an Ultraintense Laser Field,” Phys. Plasmas, 9, 4325 (2002).

S. Banerjee, A. R. Valenzuela, R. C. Shah, A. Maksimchuk, and D. Umstadter,“High-Harmonic Generation in Relativistic Laser Plasma Interaction,” Phys. ofPlasmas, 9, 2393-2398 (2002). (Invited)

Nonlinear Optics in Highly Relativistic PlasmasD. Umstadter, PINational Science Foundation (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics)$525,000/3 yrs

Using compact (table-top-size) solid-state lasers—which produce ultrashort pulses,multi-terawatt peak powers, and intensities exceeding 1019 W/cm2—we areconducting an experimental study of the optics of relativistic plasmas. It is offundamental interest to study the unique phenomena that occur as such a laserpropagates through a plasma in this previously inaccessible parameter regime ofelectromagnetic field strength. There is a vast theoretical literature on this subject,

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much of it published during the last two decades. However, experiments have onlybeen possible within the last few years, as laser technology has just recentlyreached the requisite power levels.

G. Mourou and D. Umstadter, “Extreme Light,” Sci. Am., 81, May 2002. (Invited)

Y. Sentoku, V. Y. Bychenkov, K. Flippo, A. Maksimchuk, K. Mima, G. Mourou, Z. M.Sheng, and D. Umstadter, “High-Energy Ion Generation in Interaction of Short LaserPulse with High-Density Plasma,” Appl. Phys. B, 74, 207–215 (2002).

D. Umstadter, S. Banerjee, S. Chen, E. Dodd, K. Flippo, A. Maksimchuk, N. Saleh,A. Valenzuela, and P. Zhang, “Developments in Relativistic Nonlinear Optics,” AIPConf. Proc., 611, 95 (2002).

Petawatt Laser Interaction Physics for Fast Ignitor FusionD. Umstadter, PISandia National Laboratories$50,294/1 yr

The physics of intense laser matter interactions with relevance to fast ignition offusion targets is being studied. In particular, the propagation of proton beams intodense plasmas will be investigated.

V. Yu, V. Y. Bychenkov, W. Rozmus, A. Maksimchuk, D. Umstadter, and C. E.Capjack, “Fast Ignitor Concept with Light Ions,” Plasma Physics Reports, 27,1017–1020 (2001). [Translated from Fizika Plazmy, 27, 1076–1080 (2001).]

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RADIATION MEASUREMENTS AND IMAGING

Fast Neutron Imaging SpectrometersZ. He, PD; G. F. Knoll and D. K. Wehe, Co PIsU.S. Department of Energy/NEER Grant$336,756/3 yrs

The remote sensing of nuclear materials is important for DOE programs in nationalsecurity and international arms control, especially after the tragic events ofSeptember 11. The detection of fast neutrons is important in these applications.The sensitivity of such measurements can be greatly enhanced if information is alsogained on the direction of the incoming radiation. Systems for the imaging ofgamma ray sources are under development at a number of laboratories. We areinterested in extending this imaging capability to fast neutron measurements.

The goal of this project is to develop a fast neutron spectrometer design that iscapable of localizing the incident direction of each detected neutron without the useof collimation. The principle is based on a parallel approach to Compton scatterimaging for gamma rays. The effective detection efficiency of such a system can beorders of magnitude higher than that for a collimated system, and the large massand imperfect angular selection of a fast neutron collimator are avoided. Theapproach can also provide an unambiguous measurement of the incident neutronenergy that may be exploited to differentiate between various possible sources ofneutrons.

Miniature Neutron-Alpha Activation SpectrometerZhong He, PD; James Holloway and Ron Fleming, Co PIsNational Aeronautics and Space Administration$400,000/2 yrs ($131,772 comes to UM)

The purpose of this project is to develop a miniature (under 1 kg) instrument to beused on a lander or Rover type vehicle to Mars. The instrument will provide in situwhole-sample composition covering a wide range of elements in the periodic table,including the identification of elements present in water and biological materials.The Miniature Neutron-Alpha Activation Spectrometer (MiNAAS) will extend therange and penetration depth of current Rutherford backscattering spectrometers byincorporating neutron activation techniques in order to enable whole-rockdetermination of chemical species. MiNAAS will use neutron bombardment anddetection of the resultant gamma emissions to complement and augment the

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composition information achieved with an alpha-based spectrometer. Novel to thisapproach is the development and use of a switching neutron source and a smallhigh-resolution gamma-ray detector. By adding a capability for neutron activationanalysis to the traditional APX instrument, elemental composition coverage will becomplemented and extended. Lighter but abundant elements crucial to determinepetrologic rock type (e.g. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, sodium) and nickel and rareearths will be detected, providing diagnostic information on the state of planetarydifferentiation, the history of igneous activity, and the identification of chemicalsubstances that may reveal either the existence or potential for the enviroment tosustain life. It may also feasible to use MiNAAS as the front end for an instrumentsuite (including possibly a core driller and mass or infrared spectrometers), to selectpromising samples from the vast array of candidates on the planet surface andhereby avoid wasting resources.

The University of Michigan group focuses on the development of small high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometers based on depth-sensing coplanar-gridCdZnTe detectors.

Pixellated Detector DevelopmentZhong He, PDDepartment of Defense, Defense Threat Reduction Agency$218,322/yr

This project will develop 3-dimensional position-sensitive CdZnTe and HgI2gamma-ray spectrometers which could offer energy resolutions of 1% or betterFWHM at 662 keV gamma-ray energy, for nuclear non-proliferation and homelandsecurity applications.

Single Polarity Charge Sensing HgI2 Gamma-Ray DetectorsZ. He, PIConstellation Technology Corporation$72,329/1 yr

Having a high atomic number, high density and wide band gap, HgI2 is veryattractive as high efficiency semiconductor gamma-ray detector that can beoperated at room temperatures. However, due to the poor carrier transportproperties, the induced charge on a conventional planar electrode is not directlyproportional to the gamma-ray energy deposited in detector volume, but rather is afunction of the interaction depth between the cathode and the anode. This makes it

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impossible to determine the gamma-ray energy from the amplitude of the inducedpulse and prohibits the material from being used as a spectrometer.

This project explores the possibility of applying the single polarity charge sensingtechnique on HgI2 detectors. This method, which has worked on other materialswith similar problems, produces an induced pulse amplitude which is onlyproportional to the number of electrons arriving on the anode surface. Since thecharge transport properties of electrons are much better than that of the holes, thenew technique should enhance the gamma-ray spectroscopic performance of HgI2

detectors significantly. The challenge is to design and fabricate an effectiveelectrode which will efficiently collect the electrons only. This project is incollaboration with Constellation Technology Corporation, an established firmspecializing in the development of HgI2 radiation detectors.

Z. He and R. D. Vigil, “Investigation of Pixellated HgI2 Gamma-Ray Spectrometers,”Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 492, 3, 387-401 (2002).

J. E. Baciak, Z. He, and R. P. DeVito, “Electron Trapping Variations in Single-CrystalPixellated HgI2 Gamma-Ray Spectrometers,” IEEE Transactions on NuclearScience, 49, 3, 1264-1269 (2002).

J. E. Baciak and Z. He, “Comparison of 5 mm and 1 cm Thick HgI2 PixelatedGamma-Ray Spectrometers,” submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods inPhysics Research A, 2003.

J. E. Baciak and Z. He, “1-cm Thick Mercuric Iodide Radiation Detectors for RoomTemperature Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy,’’ to appear in IEEE Transactions onNuclear Science, 2003.

Horizontal Ampoule Growth and Characterization of Mercuric Iodide atControlled Gas Pressures for X-Ray and Gamma Ray SpectrometersJ. C. Lee (D. S. McGregor, PI)U.S. Department of Energy/Nuclear Engineering Education Research (NEER)$330,266/3 yrs

The project involves the investigation of various gas, pressure and thermalenvironments on the quality of mercuric iodide crystals for X-ray and gamma rayspectroscopy. Mercuric iodide (HgI2) is wide band gap semiconductor composed ofheavy elements. As a result, HgI2 is a primary candidate for room-temperature-operated, compact, high-resolution, and high-efficiency solid state gamma-raydetectors. Most HgI2 crystals are grown using a variation of the vertical ampoule

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oscillating heater method, which is very slow and yields only one crystal perampoule. The horizontal growth method allows for multiple crystals to be grown in asingle ampoule in half of the time required for the vertical growth method. Yet, theenvironmental parameters affecting the crystal quality in horizontal growth havebeen largely unexplored. In the present project, various transport gases are injectedinto the HgI2 growth ampoule at monitored and controlled pressures. The thermalprofiles of the ampoules are also recorded. Crystals grown under varying conditionswill be tested for a variety of material characteristics such as crystallinity, resistivity,impurity concentration, and charge carrier mean free drift times to determine theeffect of varying growth parameters. Growth runs may exceed one per week duringthe project, which is expected to yield numerous samples. Ultimately, the crystalswill be fabricated into radiation detectors and tested for polarization andspectroscopic performance

High Pressure Xenon Gamma Ray Spectrometers for Field UseG. F. Knoll, PD; Z. He and D. K. Wehe, Co-PIsU.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Engineering Education Research (NEER)$444,289/3 yrs

There is a need for portable gamma ray spectrometers with good detectionefficiency and energy resolution that do not require the cryogenic cooling neededfor germanium detectors. We are investigating the use of high pressure (50 atm)xenon-filled ion chambers for this purpose. Our unique approach involves theincorporation of a coplanar grid anode into the design to eliminate the Frisch gridthat has been required in previous designs. We expect to realize a greater degree ofimmunity from microphonic noise that has limited previous ion chamber resolution,and also achieve a lower operating voltage to facilitate portable use. This projectinvolves a collaboration with several other laboratories, including VirginiaCommonwealth University and the University of California at San Diego.

C. J. Sullivan, Z. He, G. F. Knoll, G. Tepper, D. K. Wehe, “A High Pressure XenonGamma-Ray Spectrometer Using Coplanar Anode Configuration,” NuclearInstruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 505, 238-241 (2003).

Advanced Radiation Detector Development in Support ofNational Security NeedsD. K. Wehe, PD; G. F. Knoll, Z. He, Co-PIsU.S. Department of Energy/NN$750,000/3 yrs

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The goal of this research project is to develop compact radiation detectors whichcan be useful in non proliferation applications. The project supports excitingresearch in room temperature detectors using semiconductors such as CZT. One ofthe more unusual detectors being developed involves tiny cantilever beams whichdeflect when radiation interacts in them. Much like a diving board, the beamsvibrate at a natural frequency from the impact and the amplitude is dependent uponthe momentum absorbed. These tiny beams have deflection amplitudes which arecomparable to those naturally present from thermal motion, making meaningfulsignals difficult to extract. If successful, this would be the first detector whichsenses radiation from mechanical motion. Another project being initiated involvesthe development of a fast neutron imager. The idea here is to use the physics ofCompton imaging applied to fast neutron scattering.

W. Li, Z. He, G. F. Knoll, D. K. Wehe, J. E. Berry, and U. El-Hanany, “ExperimentalResults from an Imarad 8¥8 Pixellated CZT Detector,” Nuclear Instruments andMethods A, 458, 518-526 (2001).

J. M. Perez, Z. He, D. K. Wehe, and Y. F. Du, “Estimate of Large CZT DetectorAbsolute Efficiency,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 49, 4, 2010-2018(2002).

C. E. Lehner, Z. He, and G. F. Knoll, “Intelligent Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Using3D Position-Sensitive Detectors,’’ to appear in IEEE Transactions on NuclearScience, 2003.

Gamma Ray Imaging for Environmental ApplicationsD. K. Wehe, PD; Z. He and G. Knoll, Co-PIsU.S. Department of Energy$250,000/yr

This long-term project focuses on the development of compact mechanical andelectronic gamma-ray imagers for environmental measurements. Over the years, aseries of cameras of increasing sophistication has been built, with the currentgeneration using a combination of mechanical and electronic collimation. The goalis to develop compact gamma ray imagers that can operate in a wide range ofgamma-ray fields and energies, and produce locations of hot spots and theirisotopic sources.

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L. E. Smith, Z. He, and D. K. Wehe, “Hybrid Collimation for Industrial Gamma-RayImaging: Combining Spatially Coded and Compton Aperture Data,” Nucl. Instr. andMeas. A, 462 (3, 21), 576-587, April 2001.

L. J. Meng, D. K. Wehe, and Wonho Lee, “Feasibility Study of an Imaging Systemfor Nuclear Environments Using Combined Mechanical and Electronic Collimation,”accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., April 2003, presented at IEEENSS, Norfolk, VA. (2002).

Wonho Lee and D. K. Wehe, “3D Isotopic Imaging Using Motion of a CompactGamma Ray Imager”, submitted for IEEE 2003 NSS/MIC Conference in Portland,OR, October 2002, and publication in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

L. J. Meng and D. K. Wehe, “A Nuclear Environmental Imager Using Clustered Non-Redundant Array Coded Aperture,” submitted for IEEE 2003 NSS/MIC Conferencein Portland, OR, October 2002, and publication in IEEE Transactions on NuclearScience.

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RADIATION SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCES, AND MEDICAL PHYSICS (REM)

Monte Carlo Treatment PlanningAlex F. Bielajew, PIADAC/Geometrics$378,500/3 yrs

This project will work on the development of 3-D Monte Carlo-based calculationsoftware in a rectilinear geometry relevant to the problem of radiotherapy dose-planning; analysis tools for use of Monte Carlo calculated dose volume histograms;and deconvolution techniques to estimate converged Monte Carlo results. Theobject of this work is to develop fast Monte Carlo methods intended to besufficiently accurate and fast for routine use in hospitals for the purpose ofradiotherapeutic dose planning. This new code is called DPM, for Dose PlanningMethod.

Actinide Incorporation and Radiation Effects in U(VI) solidsR. C. Ewing, PIU.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences$140,472 for 3 years

M. Douglas, S. B. Clark, S. Utsunomiya, and R. C. Ewing, “Trace MetalIncorporation into Uranophane [Ca(UO2)(SiO3OH)]25H2O],” Journal of NuclearScience and Technology, 3, 504-507 (2002).

S. Utsunomiya, L. M. Wang, M. Douglas, S. B. Clark, and R. C. Ewing, “The Effectof Ionizing Radiation on Uranophane, American Mineralogist, 88, 159-166 (2003).

S. Utsunomiya and R. C. Ewing, “Application of High-Angle Annular Dark FieldScanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Transmission ElectronMicroscopy-energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry, and Energy-FilteredTransmission Electron Microscopy to the Characterization of Nanoparticles in theEnvironment,” Environmental Science & Technology (2003).

R. C. Ewing, F. Chen, and S. B. Clark, “An Empirical Method for CalculatingThermodynamic Parameters for U(VI) Phases, Applications to PerformanceAssessment Calculations,” Proceedings Workshop on “The Use of Thermodynamic

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Databases in Performance Assessment,” Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD), 93-102(2002).

Corrosion of Spent Nuclear Fuel: The Long-Term AssessmentR. C. Ewing, PIU.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Management Science Program$445,000/3 yrs

In this research program we address the following issues:

1. What are the long-term corrosion products of natural UO2+x, uraninite, underoxidizing and reducing conditions?

2. What is the paragenesis or the reaction path for the phases that form duringalteration? How is the sequence of formation related to the structure of theseuranium phases and reacting ground water composition?

3. What is the trace element content in the corrosion products as compared withthe original UO2+x? Do the trace element contents substantiate models developedto predict radionuclide incorporation into the secondary phases?

4. Are the corrosion products accurately predicted from geochemical codes (e.g.,EQ3/6) that are used in performance assessments?

5. How persistent over time are the metastable phase assemblages that form? Willthese phases serve as effective barriers to radionuclide release?

6. Experimental results and theoretical models for the corrosion of spent nuclearfuel under oxidizing and reducing conditions have been tested by comparison toresults from studies of samples from the Oklo natural fission reactors.

R. C. Ewing, “Plutonium: The Nuclear Fuel Cycle and the Environment,”. Facets, 1,2, 11-14. (2002).

K. A. Jensen, C. S. Palenik, and R. C. Ewing, “U6+-Phases in the Weathering Zoneof the Bangombe U-Deposit: Observed and Predicted Mineralogy,” RadiochimicaActa, 90, 761-769 (2002).

M. Fayek, T. M. Harrison, R. C. Ewing, M. Grove, and C. D. Coath, “O and PbIsotopic Analyses of Uranium Minerals by Ion Microprobe and U-Pb Ages from theCigar Lake Deposit,” Chemical Geology, 185, 205-225 (2002).

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R. C. Ewing and A. Macfarlane, “Yucca Mountain,” Science, 296, 659-660 (2002).

S. Utsunomiya, K. A. Jensen, G. J. Keeler, and R. C. Ewing, “Uraninite andFullerene in Atmospheric Particulates,” Environmental Science and Technology, 36,4943-4947 (2002).

R. C. Ewing, “Basic Research and Public Policy Alternatives,” Actinide ResearchQuarterly, third quarter, 5-7 (2002).

R. C. Ewing and A.Macfarlane, “Yucca Mountain: Should We Delay? – Response,”Science, 296, 2333-2335 (2002).

S. Utsunomiya, L. M. Wang, M. Douglas, S. B. Clark, and R. C. Ewing, “The Effectof Ionizing Radiation on Uranophane,”. American Mineralogist, 88, 159-166 (2003).

S. Utsunomiya and R. C. Ewing, “Application of High-Angle Annular Dark FieldScanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Transmission ElectronMicroscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry, and Energy-FilteredTransmission Electron Microscopy to the Characterization of Nanoparticles in theEnvironment.,” Environmental Science & Technology, 37, 786-791 (2003).

Fanrong Chen and R. C. Ewing, “Structure-Configurational Entropy and its Effect onthe Thermodynamic Stability of Uranyl Phases: With Special Application for theGeological Disposal of Nuclear Waste,” Science (China, Series D), 46, 1, 39-40(2003).

R. C. Ewing, F. Chen, and S. B. Clark, “An Empirical Method for CalculatingThermodynamic Parameters for U(VI) Phases, Applications to PerformanceAssessment Calculations,” Proceedings of a workshop on “The Use ofThermodynamic Databases in Performance Assessment,” Nuclear Energy Agency(OECD), 93-102 (2002).

R. C. Ewing, “Materials Research in Nuclear Waste Management: Reflections onTwenty-Five MRS Symposia,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, ScientificBasis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Proceedings of the Materials ResearchSociety, 3-14 (2002). (Invited)

M. Fayek, K. A. Jensen, R. C. Ewing, and L. R. Riciputi, “In Situ Isotopic Analysis ofUraninite Microtextures from the Oklo and Okélobondo Natural Fission Reactors,eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, Scientific Basis for Nuclear WasteManagement XXV, Proceedings of the Materials Research Society, 849-856 (2002).

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N. P. Laverov, S. V. Yudintsev, S. V. Stefanovsky, R. C. Ewing and Y. N. Jang,“Synthesis and Examination of New Actinide Pyrochlores, eds. B. P. McGrail and G.A. Cragnolino, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Proceedings ofthe Materials Research Society, 337-343(2002).

Advanced Radiation Dosimeters for Radiological Dose AssessmentsK. J. Kearfott, PILos Alamos National Laboratory$150,000/yr

This work is to develop new personnel and environmental dosimeters withimproved response characteristics. Thermoluminescent (TL) and opticallystimulated luminescent (OSL) materials are deployed in novel ways allowing thedetermination of radiation dose in mixed radiation fields, radiation spectroscopy,and the time of radiation dose delivery.

Applied Environmental Radiation Measurements LaboratoryK. J. Kearfott, PINational Science Foundation with University of Michigan Elizabeth Caroline CrosbyResearch Award$64,000

A new facility has been established which focuses on the measurement of smallamounts of radiation in the environment and in laboratory samples. Unique,practical capabilities to solve actual industrial, medical, nuclear power, and nationallaboratory radiation safety challenges are to be developed through appliedresearch. A variety of specific projects, relating to nuclear facility decommissioning,nuclear power plant emissions verification, geological research, radiotracerexperiments, responses to radiological terrorists events, and the clean-up ofcontaminated environments are possible. Capabilities include alpha spectroscopy,portable and laboratory gamma and X-ray spectroscopy with HPGe and NaI,integrative and temporal radon and radon progeny measurement, andthermoluminescent dosimetry.

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Determination of Radionuclide Depth Distributionby Calibrated Gamma-Ray SpectroscopyK. J. Kearfott, PIDepartment of Energy$29,350

A prototype device has been successfully developed which is capable ofdetermining the concentrations of environmental levels of radioactive materials as afunction of depth. The device respresents a significant enhancement of capabilitiesrequired to ensure environmental safety during operation, decommissioning, andrestoration activities associated with nuclear facilities of various types.

Radiation Effects in Nuclear Waste MaterialsL. M. Wang, PI; K. Sun, Research FellowU.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Management Science Program$176,000/2.5 yrs.

The objective of this research program is to achieve better understanding onradiation effects in candidate materials for nuclear waste disposal, including bothglass and ceramic waste forms. Microstructural and microchemical evolution of thetarget material under either ionizing or blastic irradiation is investigated withtransmission electron microscopy at near atomic resolution.

Radiation Effects on Sorption and Mobilization of Radionuclidesthrough the GeosphereL. M. Wang, PI/PD; R. C. Ewing and K. F. Hayes, Co-PIs;Research Fellows: J. Chen, S-P Hyun; Students: B. X. Gu, T. DingU.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Management Science Program$600,000/2 yrs

This project is the continuation of our previous research project on radiation effectsin materials at the near-field of a nuclear waste repository sponsored by theEnvironmental Management Science Program during the last three years. Theobjective of this research program is to evaluate the long term radiation effects onthe sorption and mobilization of radionuclides through geosphere with acceleratedexperiments in the laboratory using energetic particles (electrons, ions andneutrons). We are particularly interested on how radiation may affect thesorption/desorption capacity of certain porous or layer-structured materials forradionuclides (e.g., Cs and Sr). Experiments on the microstructural evolution during

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electron and ion beam irradiation of two important groups of materials, sheetsilicates (e.g., clays) and zeolites, have been completed. It has been found thatmost of these materials are very sensitive to radiation-induced amorphization andthat may greatly reduce the sorption/desorption capacity of the near-field materialfor the radionuclides. Studies of neutron radiation-induced changes in the structure,microstructure as well as physical and chemical properties are underway.

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External Research SupportSUMMARY OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

ACTIVE SEPTEMBER 1, 2002 – AUGUST 31, 2003

Name of Project FundingOrganization

ProjectDirector

Budget

Quantitative Study of Nonequilibrium PhaseFormation by Mechanical Attrition

NSF Atzmon $364,729/3 yrs

Structural Relaxation and Properties ofPlanar Defects in Amorphous andNonocrystalline Metals

NSF Atzmon $120,000/1 yr

The Durability of Concrete: the CrystalChemistry for the Calcium AlminosulfateHydrates and Related Compounds

NSF Berliner $323,002/2 yrs

Monte Carlo Treatment Planning ADAC/Geometrics

Bielajew $345,333/3 yrs

Advanced Corrosion-Resistant Zirconium(ZR) alloys for High Burn-up and GenerationIV Applications

DOE/I-NERI/Penn State

Busby 466,304/3 yrs

Actinide Incorporation and Radiation Effectsin U(VI) Solids: Thermodynamic andMechanistic Study of the Formation of theUranyl-Heavy Element Solid-Solutions

DOE/WA State Univ. Ewing $140,472/3 yrs

Particle-Induced Amorphizationof Complex Ceramics

DOE Ewing/Wang $1,333,913/7yrs

Radiation Effects in Minerals CollaborativeResearch Program: University of Michiganand Universite Paris VII

NSF Ewing $13,500/3 yrs

Corrosion of Spent Nuclear Fuel: the Long-Term Assessment

DOE Ewing $698,386/5 yrs

Evaluation of Display Technology forMedical Applications

Honeywell Flynn (Lee) $20,000/1 yr

Electron Cyclotron Plasma Sources NASA Gilgenbach/Lau $220,000/2.5yrs

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Experimental Studies of Plasma PlumeExpansion for Model Validation

DOE/Sandia Gilgenbach/Lau $225,000/4 yrs

Microwave Vacuum Electronics DOD/AF/Univ. WI Gilgenbach/Lau $802,894/6 yrs

MURI-ATRI Vacuum Electronics DOD/AF/Univ. CA-Davis (MURI)

Gilgenbach/Lau $70,000/yr for 5yrs

Relativistic Magnetron Experimentsand Theory

DOD/AF Gilgenbach/Lau $600,000/3 yrs

Ultrawideband Radio Frequency (RF)Enhanced Electroporation for Chemotherapy

DOD/AF Gilgenbach/Lau/Uhler

$450,000/3 yrs

Fast Neutron Imaging Systems DOE/NEER He $336,756/3 yrs

Miniature Neutron-Alpha ActivationSpectrometer

NASA/JohnsHopkins Univ.

He $131,772/20mos

Pixellated Detector Development DOD/DTRA He $218,322/1 yr

Model-Based Transient Control andComponent Degradation Monitoring inGeneration IV Nuclear Power Plants

DOE (NERI) Holloway, Lee,Martin

$1,382,504/3yrs

Nuclear Thermal Propulsion for SpaceExploration

NASA Kammash $44,000/2 yrs

Study of Antiproton in a MagneticallyInsulated Confinement System

NASA Kammash $50,000/1 yr

Ultra-Fast Laser Driven Plasma for SpacePropulsion, Phases II and III

NASA/Univ. SpaceResearch Assoc.

Kammash/Umstadter

$284,527/17mos

Advanced Radiation Dosimeters forRadiological Dose Assessments

DOE/LANL Kearfott $133,951/1 yr

Applied Environmental RadiationMeasurements Laboratory

NSF with U-M CrosbyResearch Award

Kearfott $64,000

High Pressure Xenon Gamma RaySpectrometers for Field Use

DOE/NEER Knoll/He/Wehe $444,289/3 yrs

Hybrid Monte Carlo-Deterministic Methodsfor Nuclear Reactor-Related CriticalityCalculations

DOE/NEER Larsen/Martin $383,494/3 yrs

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Analysis of Multipactor Discharge DOE Lau $444,708/5 yrs

Electromagnetic Waves in a NonlinearDielectric: Effects of Pulse Shape

DOD/Navy Lau $232,146/2 yrs

Advanced Accelerator Applications (AAA)Program Fast Reactor Based Transmutation

DOE/ANL Lee $75,000/6 mos

Development of Safety Analysis Codes andExperimental Validation for a Very HighTemperatureGas-Cooled Reactor

DOE/INERI Lee/Martin/Holloway

$340,000/36mos

An Experimental Program for ImprovingNeutronic predictions of Advanced NuclearFuels (OSMOSE)

DOE/ANL/I-NERI Lee $80,378/11 mos

Horizontal Ampoule Growth andCharacterzation of Mercuric Iodide atControlled Gas Pressures for X-Ray andGamma Ray Spectrometers

DOE/NEER Lee (McGregor) $330,266/3 yrs

Transmutation Technologies andAccelerator Transmutation of Waste(Support to AAA program in NE and NuclPhysics)

DOE/LANL Lee/Holloway/Fleming/Was

$440,000/30mos

National Partnership for AdvancedComputational Infrastructure (NPACI)

NSF Martin $1.2M/yr

Small Grant and Exploratory Research NSF Martin/Duderstadt

$100,000/1 yr

Atomic Processes in High-Energy-DensityPlasmas

DOE Umstadter $980,000/7 yrs

Nonlinear Optics in Relativistic Plasmas NSF Umstadter $525,000/3 yrs

Petawatt Laser Interaction Physics for FastIgnitor Fusion Pan

DOE/Sandia Umstadter $50,294/1 yr

Material Characterization Support for GMResearch and Development

GM Corp Wang $55,614/1 yr

Process of Friction Stir Welding andMaterials for its Tool

GM Corp Wang $150,506/1 yr

Radiation Effects in Nuclear Waste Materials DOE Wang $176,000/2 yrs

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Radiation Effects on Sorption andMobilization of Radionuclides throughGeosphere

DOE Wang/Ewing $600,000/2 yrs

Self-Organized 3-D Array of Nanostructuresunder Irradiation

DOE Wang $287,805/2 yrs

Design of Radiation-Tolerant StructuralAlloys for Generation IV Nuclear EnergySystems

DOE/(NERI)U. Chic.

Was $564.584/3 yrs

Developing and Evaluating CandidateMaterials for Generation IV SupercriticalWater Reactors

DOE/Argonne(I-NERI)

Was $430,000/3 yrs

Developing Improved Reactor StructuralMaterials Using Proton Irradiation as aRapid Analysis Tool

DOE (NERI) Was/Allen $440,000/3 yrs

Effects of Proton Irradiation on StressRelaxation and Microstructural Evolution ofAustenitic Steels

Nuclear FuelIndustries

Was $272,345/2 yrs

Feasibility Study of Supercritical Light WaterCooled Fast Reactors for Actinide Burningand Electric Power Production

DOE/Bechtel(NERI)

Was $503,000/3 yrs

Mechanism of Irradiation Assisted Crackingof Core Components in LWRs

DOE (NEER) Was/Atzmon/Wang

$515,349/3 yrs

A Novel Approach to Materials Developmentfor Advanced Reactor Systems

DOE (NERI) Was/Atzmon/Wang

$500,000/3 yrs

Novel Concepts for Damage-ResistantAlloys in Next Generation Nuclear PowerSystems

DOE (NERI) Was $305,000/3 yrs

Proton Irradiation of Novel Materials forApplication in Fusion Reactor Systems

DOE/ORNL Was $20,000/1 yr

Radiation Effects in Candidate Materials forSpallation Neutron Environments

DOE/LANL Was $378,301/3 yrs

Random Grain Boundary NetworkConnectivity as a Predictive Tool forIntergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking

DOE/LLNL (NERI) Was $288,000/3 yrs

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Understanding the Mechanisms ofEnvironmentally-Assisted IntergranularCracking of Nickel-Base Alloys

DOE Was $414,695/3 yrs

Use of Proton Irradiation to UnderstandIASCC in LWR Cores

EPRI Was $677,525/3 yrs

Collaborative Research on X-Ray Imaging Henry FordHealth System

Wehe/Flynn $30,000/yr

Advanced Radiation Detector Research inSupport of National Security Needs

DOE Wehe/He/Knoll $250,000/yr

Gamma-Ray Imaging for EnvironmentalManagement Applications

DOE Wehe $250,000/yr

Radionuclides: Radiation: Detection andQuant.

NIH/NuclearMedicine(U-M)

Wehe $72,260/3 yrs

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Other Projects

ACTIVE SEPTEMBER 1, 2002 – AUGUST 31, 2003

Name of Project FundingOrganization

ProjectDirector

Budget

Training Grant for IAEA Fellow,Ms. Pantip Ampornrat

International AtomicEnergy Agency

Berliner $25,000

Industrial Affiliates Program Northrop Grumman Corp Gilgenbach/Lau $10,000/yr

IPA Agreement for T. Godfroy NASA Kammash $207,000/2 yrs

Nuclear Instruments andMeasurements in Physics Research, A

Elsevier Science Knoll, Editor $176,532/6 yrs

Graduate Fellowships in Health Physics NANT Lee $28,000/2 yrs

Graduate Fellowships in NuclearEngineering

NANT Lee $42,000/2 yr

Support of Nuclear Engineering Educationand Research at U-M (Matching grant)

DOE Lee $47,000/2 yr

Support of Nuclear EngineeringEducation and Research at U-M

Various Lee $62,000/2 yrs

Supplemental Funding for Symposium onEnergy and the Environment

DOE/ANL Lee $5,000

Symposium on Energy and theEnvironment

Various Lee $14,015

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Publications(January 1, 2002 – December 31, 2002)

FISSION SYSTEMS ANDRADIATION TRANSPORT

Books/Chapters in Books

J. P. Holloway, Algorithms and Programming: An Introduction for Engineers,Custom published for U of M classes by John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-42703-9(2002).

Journal Articles

M. L. Adams and E. W. Larsen, “Fast Iterative Methods for Discrete-OrdinatesParticle Transport Calculations,” Prog. Nucl. Energy, 40, 3 (2002).

B. C. Franke and E. W. Larsen, “1-D Radial Moment Calculations of 3-D CoupledElectron-Photon Beams,” Nucl. Sci. Eng., 140, 1 (2002).

E. W. Larsen, G. Thömmes, M. Seaïd, A. Klar, and T. Götz, “Simplified PN

Approximations to the Equations of Radiative Heat Transfer and Applications,” J.Comp. Phys., 183 (2) 652 (2002).

*B. W. Patton and J. P. Holloway, “Application of Preconditioned GMRES to theNumerical Solution of the Neutron Transport Equation,” Annals of Nuclear Energy,29, 109-163 (2002).

Conference Papers

*H. Akkurt, J. P. Holloway, and L. E. Smith, “Testing the Fixed Point Iteration forComposition Determination of Large Samples Using PGNAA,” Trans. Am. Nucl.Soc., 86, 388-389 (2002).

F. B. Brown, and W. R Martin, "Direct Sampling of Flight Paths In Media withContinuously Varying Cross Sections," Presented at the Joint LANL/LLNLConference NECDC2002, Monterey, California (2002).___________________________*Publication of work done as a student in the Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences at the University of Michigan

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F. B. Brown, and W. R Martin, "Improved Method for Implicit Monte Carlo," Trans.Am. Nucl. Soc. 86, (2002).

F. B. Brown, and W. R Martin, “Improved Monte Carlo Methods for RadiativeTransfer Calculations,” Presented at Joint Working Group Conference JOWOG-42,AWE Aldermaston, England (2002).

*J. D. Densmore and E. W. Larsen, “Use of Monte Carlo Adjoint Simulations in VVRCriticality Calculations,” Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 87, 228 (2002).

*J. D. Densmore and E. W. Larsen, “Variational Variance Reduction for Monte CarloEigenfunction Problems,” Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 87, 227 (2002).

*S. R. Gopwani and J. P. Holloway, “Comparison of Spectrum Computations for 14MeV Neutrons in Lead,” Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 87, 542 (2002).

*H. L. Hanshaw and E. W. Larsen, “An ‘Explicit Slope’ SN Differencing Scheme,”Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 87, 128 (2002).

*V. Kulik and J. C. Lee, “Space-Time Correction to Reactivity Determination inPulsed Source Experiments,” Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 87, 410 (2002).

*J. Park, J. C. Lee, and J. T. Lindsay, “Neutron Scattering Corrections in NeutronRadiography,” PHYSOR 2002, Seoul, Korea (2002).

*R. T. Sorensen and J. C. Lee, “Assessment of Homogeneous and HeterogeneousAssembly Loading Configurations for Plutonium Multi-Recycling in PWRs,” Trans.Am. Nucl. Soc., 87, 332 (2002).

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MATERIALS

Books/Chapters in Books

R. C. Ewing and L. M. Wang, “Phosphates as Nuclear Waste Forms,” eds. M. J.Kohn, J. Rakovan, and J. M. Hughes, Mineralogy & Geochemistry, 48, 673-699(2002).

*S. Zhu, X. T. Zu, L. M. Wang, and R. C. Ewing, “Nanodomains of PyrochloreFormed by Ti Ion Implantation in Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia,” Applied Physics Letters,80 (23) 4327-4329 (2002).

Journal Articles

*J. T. Busby, G. S. Was, and E. A. Kenik, “Isolation of the Role of Radiation-InducedSegregation in Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Proton-IrradiatedAustenitic Stainless Steels,” J. Nucl. Mater., 302, 20-40 (2002)

*J. Chen, *J. Lian, L. M. Wang, R. C. Ewing, R. G. Wang, and W. Pan, “X-rayPhotoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Disordering in Gd2(Ti1-xZrx)2O7 Pyrochlores,”Physical Review Letters, 88 (10) 105901-1 to 105901-4 (2002).

B. X. Gu, L. M. Wang, and R. C. Ewing, “The Effects of Radiation on the Retentionof Strontium in Zeolite-Nasry,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, 12, 233-238 (2002).

K. B. Helean, A. Navrotsky, E. R. Vance, M. L. Carter, B. Ebbinghaus, O. Krikorian,*J. Lian, L. M. Wang, and J. G. Catalano, “Enthalpies of Formation of Ce-pyrochlore, Ca0.93Ce1.00Ti2.035O7.00, U-pyrochlore, Ca1.46U0.234+U0.466+Ti1.85O7.00 and Gd-pyrochlore, Gd2Ti2O7: Three Materials Relevant to the Proposed Waste Form forExcess Weapons Plutonium,” J. Nucl. Mater., 303 (2-3) 226-239 (2002).

*J. Lian, L. M. Wang, G .R. Lumpkin, and R. C. Ewing, “Heavy Ion Irradiation Effectsin Brannerite-Type Ceramics: Amorphization and Structural Transformation,”Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 191, 565-570 (2002).

*J. Lian, X. T. Zu, K. V. Kutty, *J. Chen, L. M. Wang, and R. C. Ewing, “Ion-Irradiation-Induced Amorphization of La2Zr2O7 Pyrochlore,” Physical Review B, 66,0541081-5 (2002).

A. Meldrum, L. A. Boatner, and R. C. Ewing, “Nanocrystalline Zirconia Can beAmorphized by Ion Irradiation,” Physical Review Letters, 88 (2) 025503-1 to 4(2002).

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A. Meldrum, L. A. Boatner, W. J. Weber, and R. C. Ewing, “Amorphization andRecrystallization of the ABO3 Oxides,” J. Nucl. Mater., 300, 242-254 (2002).

*D. Paraventi, T. Angeliu, and G. S. Was, “Effect of Hydrogen on Creep of HighPurity Ni-16Cr-9Fe at 360°C,” Corrosion, 58 (8) 687-697 (2002).

D. Shi, P. He, *J. Lian, L Wang, and W. J. Van Ooij, “Plasma Deposition andCharacterization of Acylic Acid Thin Film on Zno Nanoparticles,” J. MaterialsResearch, 17 (10) 2555-2560 (2002).

D. Shi, J. Lian, P. He, L. M. Wang, W. J. Van Ooij, M. Schulz, Y. Liu, and D. B. Mast,“Plasma Deposition of Ultrathin Polymer Films on Carbon Nanotubes,” AppliedPhysics Letters, 81 (27) 5216-5218 (2002).

D. L. Shi, P. He, S. X. Wang, W. J. Van Ooij, L. M. Wang, J. Zhao, and Z. Yu,“Interfacial Particle Bonding Via an Ultrathin Polymer Film on Al2O3 Nanoparticles byPlasma Polymerization,” J. Materials Research, 17 (5) 981-990 (2002).

D. L. Shi, Y. L. Xu, *J. Lian, L. M. Wang, and S. McClellan, “Interface Structure ofYBa2Cu3Ox Thin Films Prepared by a Non-Fluorine Sol-Gel Route on a Single-Domain Substrate,” Superconductor Science & Technology, 15 (5) 660-664 (2002).

D. L. Shi, Y. L. Xu, S. X. Wang, *J. Lian, L. M. Wang, S. M. McClellan, R. Buchanan,and K. C. Goretta, “Deposition and Interface Structures of YBCO Thin Films Via aNon-Fluorine Sol-Gel Route,” Physica C, 371 (2) 97-103 (2002).

S. Utsunomiya, L. M. Wang, and R. C. Ewing, “Ion Irradiation Effects in NaturalGarnets: Comparison with Zircon,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in PhysicsResearch B, 191, 600-605 (2002).

S. Utsunomiya, L. M. Wang, S. Yudintsev, and R. C. Ewing, “Ion Irradiation-InducedAmorphization and Nano-Crystal Formation in Garnets,” J. Nucl. Mater., 303, 177-187 (2002).

Z. G. Wang, X. T. Zu, X. D. Feng, *S. Zhu, J. Y. Dai, L. B. Lin, and L. M. Wang,“Study of Two-Way Shape Memory Extension Spring of Narrow Hysteresis TiNiCuShape Memory Alloys,” Materials Letters, 56 (3) 284-288 (2002).

G. S. Was, *J. T. Busby, T. Allen, E. A. Kenik, A. Jenssen, S. M. Bruemmer, *J. Gan,A. D. Edwards, P. Scott, and P. L. Andresen, “Emulation of Neutron IrradiationEffects with Protons: Validation of Principle,” J. Nucl. Mater., 300, 198-216 (2002).

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M. Zhang, E. K. H. Salje, and R. C. Ewing, “IR Spectra in Si-Overtones, HydrousSpecies and U Ions in Metamict Zircon: Radiation Damage and Recrystallization,”Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 14, 3333-3352 (2002).

*S. Zhu, X. T. Zu, L. M. Wang, and R. C. Ewing, “Nanodomains of PyrochloreFormed by Ti Ion Implantation in Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia,” Applied Physics Letters,80 (23) 4327-4329 (2002).

X. T. Zu, L. M. Wang, Y. Huo, L. B. Li, Z. G. Wang, T. C. Lu, L. J. Liu, and X. D.Feng, “Effect of Electron Irradiation on the Transformation Characteristics of NarrowHysteresis TiNiCu Shape Memory Alloys,” Applied Physics Letters, 80 (1) 31-33(2002).

Conference Papers

*B. Alexandreanu and G. S. Was, “Role of Grain Boundary Character on IGSCC inNi-Cr-Fe-C Alloys,” Proc. Hydrogen Effects/Corrosion Deformation Interactions, TheMinerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA. (2002).

J. T. Busby, E. A. Kenik, and G. S. Was, “Comparison of In- and Ex-Situ Analysis ofPost-Irradiation Annealing,” Proceedings of Microscopy and Microanalysis SocietyMeeting, 8, 2, 809 (2002).

J. T. Busby, *M. M. Sowa, G. S. Was, and E. A. Kenik, “The Role of Fine DefectClusters in Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Proton-Irradiated 304Stainless Steel,” eds. M. R. Grossbeck, T. R. Allen, R. G. Lott and A. S. Kumar,Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium, ASTM STP 1447,American Society for Testing of Materials, West Conshohocken, PA (2002).

J. T. Busby, G. S. Was, and E. A. Kenik, “Isolation of the Role of Radiation-InducedSegregation in Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Proton-IrradiatedAustenitic Stainless Steels,” Proc. 10th Int’l Conf. Environmental Degradation ofMaterials in Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, NACE International,Houston, TX (2002).

*B. Capell, L. Fournier, and G. S. Was, “Intergranular Cracking Behavior of Ni-xCr-9Fe-C Alloys in Hydrogenated Steam,” Proc. 10th Int’l Conf. EnvironmentalDegradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, NACEInternational, Houston, TX (2002).

J. Chen, *J. Lian, L. M. Wang, R. C. Ewing, J. M. Farmer, and L. A. Boatner,“Structural Alterations in Titanate Pyrochlores Induced by Ion Irradiation: X-RayPhotoelectron Spectrum Interpretation,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G.A. Cragnolino,

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Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Proceedings of the MaterialsResearch Society, 501-506 (2002).

J. I. Cole, T. R. Allen, G. S. Was, *Y. Wang, and E. A. Kenik, “The Effect of BulkComposition and Pre-Irradiation Heat Treatment on the Radiation-InducedSegregation Behavior in Austenitic Stainless Steel,” Proc. 10th Int’l Conf.Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – WaterReactors, NACE International, Houston, TX (2002).

L. Fournier, *B. Capell, T. Magnin, and G. S. Was, “Oxidation Induced IntergranularCracking in Nickel Base Alloys in the Temperature Range 400°C to 650°C,” Proc.Hydrogen Effects/Corrosion Deformation Interactions, The Minerals, Metals andMaterials Society, Warrendale, PA. (2002).

L. Fournier, B. H. Sencer, *Y. Wang, G. S. Was, J. Gan, S. M. Bruemmer, E. P.Simonen, T. R. Allen, and J. I. Cole, “Effect of Oversized Solute Additions onIrradiated Microstruture and IASCC of Austenitic Stainless Steels,” Proc. 10th Int’lConf. Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – WaterReactors, NACE International, Houston, TX (2002).

J. Gan, D. J. Edwards, S. M. Bruemmer, E. P. Simonen, and G. S. Was, “The Effectof Bulk Composition and Pre-Irradiation Heat Treatment on the Radiation-InducedSegregation Behavior in Austenitic Stainless Steel,” Proc. 10th Int’l Conf.Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – WaterReactors, NACE International, Houston, TX (2002).

M. C. Hash, J. T. Busby, and G. S. Was, “The Effect of Hardening Source in ProtonIrradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Cold Worked Type 304 StainlessSteel,” eds. M. R. Grossbeck, T. R. Allen, R. G. Lott and A. S. Kumar, Effects ofRadiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium, ASTM STP 1447, AmericanSociety for Testing of Materials, West Conshohocken, PA (2002).

P. He, *J. Lian, L. M. Wang, W. J. Van Ooij, and D. Shi, “Deposition of Polymer ThinFilms on ZnO Nanoparticles by Plasma Treatment,” Materials Research SocietySymposia Proceedings, 703, 6.27, 1-6 (2002).

N. P. Laverov, S. V. Yudintsev, S. V. Stefanovsky, R. C. Ewing, and Y. N. Jang,“Synthesis and Examination of New Actinide Pyrochlores,” eds. B. P. McGrail andG. A. Cragnolino, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Proc. of theMaterials Research Society, 337-343 (2002).

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*J. Lian, L. M. Wang, *J. Chen, R. C. Ewing, and K. V. G. Kutty, “Heavy IonIrradiation of Zirconate Pyrochlores,” Materials Research Society SymposiaProceedings, 713, JJ11.35.1-6.3. (2002).

*J. Lian, L. M. Wang, *J. Chen, and R. C. Ewing, “Heavy Ion Irradiation of ZirconatePyrochlores,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, Scientific Basis for NuclearWaste Management XXV, Proceedings of the Materials Research Society, 507-512(2002).

*J. Lian, S. V. Yudintsev, S. V. Stefanovsky, O. I. Kirjanova, and R. C. Ewing, “Ion-Induced Amorphization of Murataite,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino,Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV,” Proceedings of the MaterialsResearch Society, 455-460 (2002).

*J. Lian, L. M. Wang, and R .C. Ewing, “Nanostructural Manipulation of IonIrradiated Pyrochlore,” Proceedings Microscopy and Microanalysis, Québec City,Canada, 1136-1137 (2002).

*J. Lian, L. M. Wang, and R. C. Ewing, “In Situ TEM Study of Order-DisorderTransition in Murataite Ceramics,” Proceedings Microscopy and Microanalysis,Québec City, Canada, 1424-1425 (2002).

*C. S. Palenik and R. C. Ewing, “Microanalysis of Radiation Damage Across aZoned Zircon Crystal,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, Scientific Basis forNuclear Waste Management XXV, Proceedings of the Materials Research Society,521-527. Best Paper Award (2002).

*D. J. Paraventi, T. M. Angeliu, and G. S. Was, “The Effect of Hydrogen on Creep inHigh Purity Ni-16Cr-9Fe Alloys at 360°C,” Proc. Hydrogen Effects/CorrosionDeformation Interactions, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale,PA (2002).

V. H. Rotberg, J. T. Busby, O. Toader, and G. S. Was, “Surface Analysis forStudents in Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences,” Proc. of 17th

International Conference of Applications of Accelerators in Research and Industry(2002).

V. H. Rotberg, O. Toader, and G. S. Was, “The Accelerator Facility at the Universityof Michigan,” eds. R. Hellborg, M. Faarinin, C. E. Magnusson, P. Persson, G. Skegand K. Stenstrom, Proc. North Eastern Accelerator Personnel XXXIV (SNEAP)Conference, Dept. of Physics, Lund University, 247-256 (2002).

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M. Sagisaka, T. Fukuda, Y. Isobe, F. Garner, G. M. Bond, B. H. Sencer, G. Was, T.Kamada, and K. Matsueda, “Evaluation of Potential Void Swelling Behavior in PWRCore Internals,” Proc. 10th Int’l Conf. Environmental Degradation of Materials inNuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, NACE International, Houston, TX (2002).

E. P. Simonen, D. J. Edwards, S. M. Bruemmer, J. T. Busby, and G. S. Was, “Light-Water Reactor Microstructural Characterization from Post-Irradiation AnnealingBehavior,” Proc. 10th Int’l Conf. Environmental Degradation of Materials in NuclearPower Systems – Water Reactors, NACE International, Houston, TX (2002).

S. Utsunomiya, L. M. Wang, S. Yudintsev, and R. C. Ewing, “Ion Irradiation Effectsin Synthetic Garnets Incorporating Actinides,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A.Cragnolino, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Proc. of theMaterials Research Society, 495-500 (2002).

W. J. Weber and R. C. Ewing, “Radiation Effects in Crsytalline Oxide Host Phasesfor Immobilization of Actinides,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, ScientificBasis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Proc. of the Materials Research Society,443-454. Best Paper Award (2002).

Y. Yi and G. S. Was, “IGSCC Behavior During Constant Load Tests of Alloy 600 inPrimary Water,” Proc. 10th Int’l Conf. Environmental Degradation of Materials inNuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors, NACE International, Houston, TX (2002).

L. P. You, L. M. Wang, S. Utsunomiya, R. C. Ewing, A. B. Kirsting, and P. Zhao,“Electron Microscopy Study of Mineral Colloids in the Ground Water Near NevadaTest Site,” Proc. Microscopy and Microanalysis,” Québec City, Canada, 1558-1559(2002).

*Q. Yu, G. S. Was, R. Odette, and D. Alexander, “Hardening and PrecipitateCharacter in Proton Irradiated Model Pressure Vessel Steel Alloys,” Proc. 10th Int’lConf. Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – WaterReactors, NACE International, Houston, TX (2002).

S. Yudintsev, M. Lapina, A. G. Ptashkin, T. Ioudintseva, S. Utsunomiya, L. M. Wang,and R. C. Ewing, “Accommodation of Uranium into the Garnet Structure,” eds. B. P.McGrail and G.A. Cragnolino, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV,Proceedings of the Materials Research Society, 477-480 (2002).

*S. Zhu, X. T. Zu, L. M. Wang, and R. C. Ewing, “Cesium Ion Implantation in SingleCrystal Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) and Polycrystalline MgAl2O4-YSZ,” MaterialsResearch Society Symposia Proceedings, 713, JJ11.11.1-6 (2002).

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*S. Zhu, X. T. Zu, and L. M. Wang, “TEM Study of Formation of Nano-Domains ofPyrochlore in Titanium Ion Implanted Yttria Stabilized Zirconia,” Proc. of the 15th

International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Durban, South Africa, Physics andMaterials, 1, 399-400 (2002).

*S. Zhu, L. M. Wang, S. X. Wang, and R. C. Ewing, “Effects of Temperature on theBehavior of Cs and I in YSZ-Based Inert Matrix Fuel and Waste Form,” eds. B. P.McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV,Proc. of the Materials Research Society, 327-332 (2002).

Technical Reports

G. S. Was and J. T. Busby, “Use of Protons to Determine IASCC Mechanisms inLight Water Reactors,” EPRI Interim Report, EP-P3038/C1434 (2002).

G. S. Was and J. T. Busby, “Use of Protons to Determine IASCC Mechanisms inLight Water Reactors,” EPRI Interim Report, EP-P3038/C1434 (2002).

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PLASMAS AND FUSION

Journal Articles

S. Banerjee, *A. R. Valenzuela, R. C. Shah, A. Maksimchuk, and D. Umstadter,“High Harmonic Generation in Relativistic Laser–Plasma Interaction,” Phys.Plasmas, 9, 2393 (2002).

*F. He, Y. Y. Lau, D. P. Umstadter, and *T. Strickler, “Phase Dependence ofThomson Scattering in an Ultraintense Laser Field,” Phys. Plasmas, 9, 4325 (2002).

*M. R. Lopez, R. M. Gilgenbach, *D. W. Jordan, *S. Anderson, *M. D. Johnston, *M.W. Keyser, *H. Miyake, *C. W. Peters, *M. C. Jones, *V. B. Neculaes, Y. Y. Lau, T. A.Spencer, J. W. Luginsland, M. Haworth, R. W. Lemke, and D. Price, “CathodeEffects on a Relativistic Magnetron Driven by a Microsecond Electron BeamAccelerator,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Science, Special Issue on High PowerMicrowaves, 30, 947 (2002)

G. Mourou and D. Umstadter, “Extreme Light,” Sci. Am., May, 81-87 (2002).

Y. Sentoku, V. Y. Bychenkov, *K. Flippo, A. Maksimchuk, K. Mima, G. Mourou. Z.M. Sheng, and D. Umstadter, “High-Energy Ion Generation in Interaction of ShortLaser Pulse with High-Density Plasma,” Appl. Phys. B, 74, 207–215 (2002).

A. Valfells, D. W. Feldman, P. G. O’Shea, and Y. Y. Lau, “Three Dimensional Effectson Virtual Cathode Formation in Electron Guns,” Phys. Plasmas, 9, 2377 (2002).

*C. B. Wilsen, Y. Y. Lau, D. Chernin, and R. M. Gilgenbach, “A Note on CurrentModulation from Nonlinear Electron Orbits,” IEEE Transaction on Plasma Science,Special Issue on High Power Microwave Generation, 30, 1176 (2002).

*C. Wilsen, J. Luginsland, Y. Y. Lau, T. M. Antonsen, D. P. Chernin, *P. M. Tchou,*M. W. Keyser, R. M. Gilgenbach, and L. D. Ludeking, “A Simulation Study of BeamLoading on a Cavity,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Science, Special Issue on High PowerMicrowaves, 30, 1160 (2002).

Conference Papers

*K. Flippo, A. Maksimchuk, S. Banerjee, K. Nash, *V. Wong, T. Lin, K. Nemoto, V.Yu. Bychenkov, Y. Sentoku, G. Mourou, and D. Umstadter, “Study of Energetic IonGeneration from High-Intensity-Laser Dense-Plasma Interactions,” AIP Conf. Proc.,647, 255 (2002).

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T. Kammash, “Fusion Space Propulsion,” Trans. Am. Nuc. Society, 86, 401 (2002).

T. Kammash, “LAPPS: A Nuclear Powered Plasma Propulsion System,” NASAJPL/MSFC 13th Annual Advanced Space Propulsion Workshop, Pasadena, CA, 47(2002).

T. Kammash, “Ultra-Fast Laser-Driven Plasma for Space Propulsion,” 4th AnnualMeeting of the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts, Houston, TX (2002).

*N. Saleh, P. Zhang, S. Chen, Z.-M. Sheng, A. Maksimchuk, V. Yanovsky, and D.Umstadter, “A Proof-of-Principle Experiment of Optical Injection of Electrons inLaser-Driven Plasma Waves,” AIP Conf. Proc., 647, 690 (2002).

D. Umstadter, S. Banerjee, S. Chen, E. Dodd, *K. Flippo, A. Maksimchuk, *N. Saleh,*A. Valenzuela, and P. Zhang, “Developments in Relativistic Nonlinear Optics,” AIPConf. Proc., 611, 95 (2002).

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RADIATION MEASUREMENTS AND IMAGING

Journal Articles

Z. He and R. D. Vigil, “Investigation of Pixellated HgI2 Gamma-Ray Spectrometers,”Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 492 (3) 387-401 (2002).

*J. E. Baciak, Z. He, and R. P. DeVito, “Electron Trapping Variations in Single-Crystal Pixellated HgI2 Gamma-Ray Spectrometers,” IEEE Transactions on NuclearScience, 49 (3) 1264-1269 (2002).

J. M. Perez, Z. He, D. K. Wehe, and *Y. F. Du, “Estimate of Large CZT DetectorAbsolute Efficiency,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 49 (4) 2010-2018(2002).

K. R. Shortt, A. F. Bielajew, C. K. Ross, K. J. Stewart, J. T. Burke, and M. J.Corsten, “The Effect of Wall Thickness on the Response of a Spherical IonizationChamber,” Phys. Med. Biol., 47, 1721-1731 (2002).

Conference Papers

Z. He and *J. Baciak “Large Volume HgI2 Gamma-Ray Spectrometers,” Workshopon Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications Proc. AIP,Washington D.C., 632,113-117 (2002).

E. Rhodes, J. P. Holloway, Z. He, and J. Goldsten, “Miniature Neutron-AlphaActivation Spectrometer,” Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems forRemote Applications Proc. AIP, Washington D.C., 632, 101-111 (2002).

Z. He, *C. Lehner, *F. Zhang, D. K. Wehe, G. F. Knoll, J. Berry, and *Y. Du, “Hand-Held Gamma-Ray Imaging Sensors Using Room-Temperature 3-DimensionalPosition Sensitive Semiconductor Spectrometers,” Workshop on UnattendedRadiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications Proc. AIP, Washington D.C.,632, 209-215 (2002).

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RADIATION SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES,AND MEDICAL PHYSICS

Books/Chapters in Books

R. E. Best, R. F. Weiner, S. Ross, S. Maheras, T. I. McSweeney, T. Winnard, and D.Shipler, “FEIS for a Geologic Repository for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel andHigh-Level Radioactive Waste at Yucca Mountain,” Nye County, Nevada. DOE/EIS0250, USDOE/OCRWM, Chapter 6 and Appendix J (2002).

L. A. Duscha, C. J. Burns, R. J. Colton, K. J. Kearfott, R. J. Samelson, R. J. Steffan,V. J. Tschinkel, M. E. Uhle, and G. J. Zylstra, “Research Opportunities for Managingthe Department of Energy's Transuranic and Mixed Wastes,” National ResearchCouncil, The National Academies Press, Washington, D. C., 118 (2002).

Journal Articles

J. M. Balter, *K. K. Brock, D. W. Litzenberg, D. L. McShan, T. S. Lawrence,R. K. Ten Haken, C. J. McGinn, K. L. Lam, and L. A. Dawson, “Daily Targeting ofIntrahepatic Tumors for Radiotherapy,” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 52, 266-271(2002).

*R. R. Benke, and K. J. Kearfott, “Demonstration of a Collimated in Situ Method forDetermining Depth Distributions Using Gamma Ray Spectroscopy,” NuclearInstruments and Methods in Phys., 482, 3, 814-831 (2002).

I. J. Chetty, J. M. Moran, D. L. McShan, B. A. Fraass, S. J. Wildermen, and A. F.Bielajew, “Benchmarking of the DPM Monte Carlo Code Using Elemental Beamsfrom a Racetrack Microtron,” Med. Phys., 29, 1035 (2002).

J. Chetty, J. M. Moran, T. S. Nurushev, D. L. McShan, B. A. Fraass, S. J.Wilderman, and A. F. Bielajew, “Experimental Validation of the DPM Monte CarloCode Using Minimally Scattered Electron Beams in Heterogeneous Media,” Phys.Med. Biol., 47, 1837-1851 (2002).

L. A. Dawson, D. Normolle, J. M. Balter, C. J. McGinn, T. S. Lawrence, and R. K.Ten Haken, “Analysis of Radiation-Induced Liver Disease Using the Lyman NTCPModel,” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 53, 810-821 (2002).

J. O. Deasy, A. Niemierko, D. Herbert, D. Yan, A. Jackson, R. K. Ten Haken,M. Langer, and S. Sapareto, “Methodological Issues in Radiation Dose-Volume

99

Outcome Analyses: Summary of a Joint AAPM/NIH Workshop,” Med. Phys., 29,2109-2127 (2002).

M. Douglas, S. B. Clark, S. Utsunomiya, and R. C. Ewing, “Trace MetalIncorporation into Uranophane [Ca(UO2)(SiO3OH)]25H2O], Journal of NuclearScience and Technology, 3, 504-507 (2002).

R. C. Ewing, “Atomaffald – Løsninger Fra Mineralogien,” Geologisk Nyt, 5, 4-8 (inDanish) (2002).

R. C. Ewing, “Basic Research and Public Policy Alternatives,” Actinide ResearchQuarterly, Third Quarter, 5-7 (2002).

R. C. Ewing, “The Nuclear Fuel Cycle & the Environment Facets,” Plutonium, 1 (2)11-14 (2002).

R. C. Ewing and A. Macfarlane, “Yucca Mountain,” Science, 296, 659-660 (2002).

R. C. Ewing and A. Macfarlane, “Yucca Mountain: Should We Delay?- Response,”Science, 296, 2333-2335 (2002).

M. Fayek, T. Mark Harrison, R. C. Ewing, M. Grove, and C. D. Coath, “O and PbIsotopic Analyses of Uranium Minerals by Ion Microprobe and U-Pb Ages from theCigar Lake Deposit,” Chemical Geology, 185, 205-225 (2002).

M. M. Goodsitt, H. P. Chan, K. L. Darner, and L. M. Hadjiiski, “The Effects of StereoShift Angle, Geometric Magnification, and Display Zoom on Depth Measurements inDigital Stereomammography,” Medical Physics, 29, 2725-2734 (2002).

K. A. Jensen, C. S. Palenik, and R. C. Ewing, “U6+-Phases in the Weathering Zoneof the Bangombe U-Deposit: Observed and Predicted Mineralogy,” RadiochimicaActa, 90, 61-769 (2002).

D. W. Litzenberg, L. A. Dawson, H. M. Sandler, M. Sanda, D. L. McShan, R. K. TenHaken, K. L. Lam, *K. K. Brock, and J. M. Balter, ”Daily Prostate Targeting UsingImplanted Radiopaque Markers,” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 52, 699-703 (2002).

R. L. Steinman, K. J. Kearfott, and R. F. Weiner, “A Comparison of Transient DoseModel Predictions and Experimental Measurements,” Health Physics, 83, 4, 504-511 (2002).

100

S. Utsunomiya, L. M. Wang, S. Yudintsev, and R. C. Ewing, “Ion Irradiation-InducedAmorphization and Nano-Crystal Formation in Garnets,” Journal of NuclearMaterials, 303, 77-187 (2002).

Conference Papers

R. C. Ewing, F. Chen, and S. B. Clark, “The Use of Thermodynamic Databases inPerformance Assessment,” Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD), 93-102 (2002).

R. C. Ewing, “Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV,” eds. B. P.McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, Proc. of the Materials Research Society, 3-14 (2002).

M. Fayek, K. A. Jensen, R. C. Ewing, and L. R. Riciputi, “Scientific Basis forNuclear Waste Management XXV,” eds. B. P. McGrail and G. A. Cragnolino, Proc.of the Materials Research Society, 849-856 (2002).

K. A. Riper, R. L. Metzger, and K. J. Kearfott, “Radionuclide Depth Distribution byCollimated Spectroscopy,” American Nuclear Society Radiation Protection andShielding Division Twelfth Biennial Topical Meeting Proc., Radiation ServingSociety, Santa Fe, NM, CD, 7 (2002).

R. F. Weiner and R. E. Best, “Method for Estimating Public Risk Estimates ofRadiation Doses from Loss of Shielding in SNF Transportation Casks,” Proc. ANSTopical Meeting on Spent Nuclear Fuel, September 16-20, Charleston, SC (2002).

R. F. Weiner, T. I. McSweeney, and R. Sweeney, “Radiation Exposure at RoutineTransportation Stops,” Proc. ANS Topical Meeting on Spent Nuclear Fuel,September 16-20, Charleston, SC (2002).

R. F. Weiner, S. I. Ross, and T. I. McSweeney, “The Calculation and Use of UnitRisk Factors in Transportation Risk Assessment,” Proc. ANS Topical Meeting onSpent Nuclear Fuel, September 16-20, Charleston, SC (2002).

Newspapers and Editorials

R. C. Ewing, “Profiling,” The Lattice, 18, 1, 2-6 (2002).

R. C. Ewing, “Developments from Council,” The Lattice, 18, 2, 2-4 (2002).

R. C. Ewing, “Mineralogists and Mortality,” The Lattice, 18, 3, 2-4 (2002).

101

Book Review

K. J. Kearfott, “Magnetic Resonance Procedures: Health Effects and Safety,”Health Physics (2002).

102

Service

Service to the College of EngineeringMember, CoE Strategic Planning Advisory Committee AtzmonMember, CoE Engineering Faculty Library Advisory Committee BielajewMember, Scholar Power Program Committee, MEPO/Engineering EwingMember, CoE Strategic Planning Steering Committee HollowayMember, CoE Curriculum Committee HollowayMember, First Year Courses Review Committee HollowayMember, CoE Honors and Awards Committee HollowayMember, CoE Scholastic Standing Committee LauMember, Applied Physics Program Executive Committee LauDirector, Center for Advanced Computing (CAC) MartinMember, Scholarship Committee MartinMember, Reappointment Committee for Todd Austin (EECS) MartinMember, Faculty Development Committee MartinMember, Strategic Planning Advisory Committee WangMember, Executive Committee for Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory Wang

Service to the UniversityMember, U-M Fulbright Scholarship Screening Committee AtzmonResolution Officer, Office of Student Conflict Resolution BielajewMember, Applied Physics Executive Committee GilgenbachMember, Center for Research on Learning and Teaching Advisory Board HollowayMember, UM Radiation Policy Committee KearfottMember, UM Engineering College Discipline Committee LarsenMember, UM Engineering College Nominating Committee LarsenChair, Safety Review Committee, Ford Nuclear Reactor LeeActing Director, MGRID (Michigan Gird Research and Infrastructure Development Center) MartinMember, Grievance Review Board Chairs Panel MartinMember, FNR Safety Review Committee MartinParticipant, Michigan Road Scholars Tour MartinMember, Phoenix Memorial Laboratory Executive Committee WasMember, UMTRI Executive Committee WasMember, fMRI Advisory Committee WasMember, Conflict of Interest/Conflict of Commitment Committee Was

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Service to the NationMember, Review Panel for the Nuclear Engineering Research Initiative Department of Energy AtzmonChair, Review Panel for the National Science Foundation Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Team (NIRT) AtzmonSession chair, Strategic Planning Workshop, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Department of Energy EwingMember, Board of Radioactive Waste Management, National Research Council/NAS EwingReviewer, Department of Energy SBIR GilgenbachReviewer, City University of Hong Kong GilgenbachReviewer, CRDF Agency GilgenbachReviewer, Israeli BiNational Science Foundation GilgenbachReviewer, NSF- Review Panel GilgenbachPeer Review Panel for NASA High Energy Astrophysics (SR&T program) HeReviewer, Nuclear Energy Research Initiative proposal, Department of Energy HollowayReviewer, Nuclear Engineering Education Research program proposal Department of Energy HollowayMember, Committee on Long-term Research Needs for Managing Transuranic and Mixed Wastes at DOE Sites, National Academy of Science KearfottCommittee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism, Panel on Nuclear and Radiological Issues, National Academy of Science KnollReviewer, Department of Energy LarsenMember, two review panels for Sandia National Laboratories LarsenMember, one review panel for Los Alamos National Laboratory (CCS Division) LarsenMember, University of Chicago Review Committee for the Reactor Analysis and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory LeeMember, University Working Group, Department of Energy LeeMember, Generation IV Roadmap Working Group, Department of Energy LeeReviewer, Department of Energy MartinMember, International Committee for Future Accelerators UmstadterReviewer, National Science Foundation review panel on the Nano- science and Technology Initiative Program Wang

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Peer Review Panel for DOE Fusion Materials Sciences Program in the Office of Science WasMember, Technical Working Group and Cross-Cut Group in the Generation IV Planning Committee of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology, Department of Energy WasReviewer, Proposals for U.S. DOE SBIR program WasReviewer, Internal proposals for LDRD funds at PNNL WasReviewer, Proposal for NSF Was

Service to the ProfessionMember, Review Panel for the Nuclear Engineering Research Initiative, Department of Energy AtzmonChair, Review Panel for the National Science Foundation Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Team (NIRT) AtzmonConsultant, Instrumentation Associates BerlinerMember, External Advisory Committee for the Nuclear EngineeringProgram at Penn State University Was

Service to Professional SocietiesPresident, International Mechanochemical Union AtzmonMember, Steering Committee, International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials AtzmonMember, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Committee, TMS AtzmonMember, American Nuclear Society BusbyMember, Microbeam Analysis Society BusbyMember, Materials Research Society BusbyMember. TMS BusbyMember, Executive Committee of the Environmental Sciences Division, American Nuclear Society EwingPresident, Mineralogical Society of America, 2002 EwingMember, Mineralogical Society of America, committee-of committees 2000-2002 EwingLiaison (for the Board on Radioactive Waste Management), Committee on “Long-Term Research Needs for Radioactive High-Level Waste at Department of Energy Sites” for the BRWM of the National Research Council, 2001-2003 EwingMember, International Scientific Advisory Board of the Research Program on the Long-Term Behavior of Nuclear Waste Glasses for the Nuclear Energy Division of the Commissariat à L'Energie Atomique, 2002-2003 Ewing

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Executive Board, American Society of Engineering Education- Nuclear Engineering Division HollowayMember, Executive Committee of Education and Training Division, American Nuclear Society (elected) KearfottMember, Planning Committee, American Nuclear Society KearfottMember, Executive Committee of the Radiation Protection and Shielding Division (Group II) (elected) KearfottMember, ANS President's Blue Ribbon Task Group on Workforce Needs KearfottMember, Board of Directors, American Nuclear Society KearfottMember, Liaison Committee representing American Nuclear Society Health Physics Society KearfottMember, Technical Review Committee for the Mathematics & Computation Division of the American Nuclear Society LarsenMember, Honors & Awards Committee for the Mathematics & Computation Division of the American Nuclear Society LarsenExecutive Committee, IEEE Plasma Science and Application LauChair, IEEE ICOPS Student Travel Grant Committee LauMember, Honors and Awards Committee, American Nuclear Society LeeMember, Scholarship Policy and Coordinating Committee American Nuclear Society LeeExecutive Committee, Mathematics and Computation Division, ANS MartinMember, Honors & Awards Committee for the Mathematics & Computation Division of the American Nuclear Society MartinMember, Program Committee, American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics UmstadterChair, Program Sub-Committee on Beams and Coherent Radiation American Physical Society, Division of Plasma Physics UmstadterMember, Elected to IEEE Radiation Instrumentation SteeringCommittee Wehe

Service to Technical JournalsMember, Board of Editors, Physics in Medicine and Biology BielajewGuest Associate Editor, Medical Physics BielajewMember, Journal of Nuclear Materials, Advisory Editorial Board EwingMember, Mineralogia Polonica, Editorial Board EwingMember, Journal of Materials Research Advisory Review Board EwingCorresponding Editor, IUMRS Facets EwingAssociate Editor, Transport Theory and Statistical Physics Holloway

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Publications Chair, 2002 American Nuclear Society Topical Conference on Probabilistic Safety Analysis, Detroit 2002 HollowayAssociate Editor, Health Physics Journal-Operational Topics KearfottMember, Editorial Board, Transport Theory and Statistical Physics LarsenMember, Editorial Board, SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics LarsenAssociate Editor, Physics of Plasmas LauAssociate Editor, Journal of Computational Physics MartinAdvisory Editor, Nuclear Science and Engineering MartinMember, Editorial Board, Transport Theory and Statistical Physics MartinAssociate Editor, Nuclear Instruments and Methods B WasEditorial Board, Metallurgical Transactions A WasAssociate Editor, International Metals Reviews Was

Workshops and ConferencesMember, Steering Committee, International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials AtzmonCo-Organizer for ASTM Radiation Effects on Materials: 21st

International Symposium BusbyMember, Organizing Committee of the Symposium on Energy and the Environment: The Role of Nuclear Power EwingOrganizer and session chair, special symposium on "Immobilization of Nuclear Waste" at the International Mineralogical Association meeting, September 1-6, Edinburgh, Scotland EwingMember, Program Committee, Plutonium Futures 2003-The Science EwingMember, International Advisory Committee, The 8th IUMRS International Conference on Advanced Materials EwingMember, Organizing Committee of the Symposium on Energy and the Environment: The Role of Nuclear Power FlemingProgram Committee, SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation. Program on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics, Optics, and Applications HeMember, Organizing Committee of the Symposium on Energy and the Environment: The Role of Nuclear Power HollowayPublications Chair, 2002 American Nuclear Society Topical Conference on Probabilistic Safety Analysis, Detroit 2002 HollowayMember, Organizing Committee of the Symposium on Energy and the Environment: The Role of Nuclear Power LeeMember, Organizing Committee of the Symposium on Energy and the Environment: The Role of Nuclear Power Martin

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Member, Organizing Committee of the Symposium on Energy and the Environment: The Role of Nuclear Power UmstadterMember, Program Sub-Committee for the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS) UmstadterMember, Organization committee of the 6th Workshop on Fast Ignition of Fusion Targets UmstadterOrganizer and General Chair, 11th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems WasOrganizer, Hydrogen-Corrosion Deformation Interaction Meeting Was

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PersonnelFACULTY

Michael AtzmonAssociate ProfessorAlso Associate Professor, Materials Science and EngineeringPhD (Applied Physics) California Institute of Technology, 1985Thermodynamics of materials, diffusion of solids, amorphous metal alloys,ion beam modification of materials

Ronald BerlinerAssociate Research ScientistPhD (Physics) University of Illinois, 1973Materials science, neutron diffraction and scattering, neutron scatteringinstrumentation, neutron position sensitive detectors, cementitious materials

Alex F. BielajewProfessorPhD (Theoretical Physics) Stanford University, 1982Theory of electron and photon transport, Monte Carlo theory anddevelopment, radiation dosimetry theory, radiotherapy treatment planningalgorithms

Jeremy BusbyAssistant Research ScientistPhD (Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sci) University of Michigan, 2000Radiation effects on materials, stress corrosion cracking, electron microscopy

James J. DuderstadtPresident Emeritus, University of MichiganUniversity Professor of Science and EngineeringDirector, The Millennium ProjectPhD (Engineering Science and Physics) California Institute of Technology, 1967Nuclear systems, computer simulation, science policy, higher education

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Rodney C. EwingWilliam Kerr Collegiate Professor of Nuclear Engineeringand Radiological SciencesAlso Professor, Materials Science and Engineeringand Professor, Geological SciencesPhD (Mineralogy/Geology) Stanford University, 1974Nuclear waste management, radiation effects in glasses

Ronald F. FlemingProfessorPhD (Nuclear Engineering) University of Michigan, 1975Neutron activation analysis, materials analysis using nuclear techniques,radiation measurements

Ronald M. GilgenbachProfessorAlso Professor, Applied Physics ProgramDirector, Intense Energy Beam Interaction LaboratoryPhD (Electrical Engineering) Columbia University, 1978Plasmas, fusion, lasers, electron beams, interaction of intense laser andparticle beams with plasmas and materials

Zhong HeAssistant ProfessorPhD (Physics) University of Southampton, United Kingdom, 1993Room-temperature semiconductor and scintillation detectors for x-ray imagingand spectroscopy

James Paul HollowayAssociate ProfessorPhD (Engineering Physics) University of Virginia, 1989Kinetic theory (plasmas, radiation), inverse problems

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Kimberlee J. Kearfott, CHPProfessorScD (Nuclear Engineering) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1980Radiation detectors, dosimetry, radiation protection policy, dose assessments,digital mammography, image reconstruction and analysis for nuclear medicineimages

Edward W. LarsenProfessorPhD (Mathematics) Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1971Analytic and numerical methods for nuclear reactor theory, neutron transport,non-linear radiative transfer, electron and photon transport

Yue-Ying LauProfessorAlso Professor, Applied Physics ProgramPhD (Electrical Engineering) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1973Plasma physics, physics of charged particle beams, radiation sources,vacuum microelectronics

John C. LeeProfessor and ChairPhD (Nuclear Engineering) University of California, Berkeley, 1969Nuclear reactor physics, reactor safety analysis, dynamics and control ofnuclear power plants, nuclear fuel cycle

William R. MartinProfessorDirector, Center for Advanced ComputingPhD (Nuclear Engineering) University of Michigan, 1976Computational methods development for the solution of the Boltzmantransport equation, including utilization of advanced computer architectures

Donald P. UmstadterAssociate ProfessorAlso Associate Professor, Electrical Engineering and Computer SciencePhD (Physics) University of California-Los Angeles, 1987

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Study of interactions of high intensity lasers with plasmas and theirapplications to the generation of short-wavelength coherent light and to laseraccelerators

Lumin WangResearch ScientistPhD (Materials Science) University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1988Ion beam modification of materials, transmission electron microscopy,nonocrystalline materials, and nuclear materials

Gary S. WasAssociate Dean of Research, College of EngineeringProfessorAlso Professor, Materials Science and EngineeringDirector, Michigan Ion Beam Laboratory (MIBL)ScD (Nuclear Materials Engineering) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1980Radiation effects on materials, ion beam modification of materials, hydrogenembrittlement, stress corrosion cracking, nuclear fuels

David K. WeheAssociate ProfessorDirector, Michigan Memorial Phoenix ProjectPhD (Nuclear Engineering) University of Michigan, 1984Gamma ray imaging, neutron physics, radiation spectroscopy, artificialintelligence and robotics applications, power plant reliability

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EMERITUS FACULTY

A. Ziya AkcasuProfessor EmeritusAlso Professor Emeritus, Macromolecular Science and EngineeringPhD (Nuclear Engineering) University of Michigan, 1963Dynamics of polymer solutions and blends, stochastic differential equations,reactor physics, kinetics

Terry KammashStephen S. Attwood Professor Emeritus of EngineeringProfessor EmeritusPhD (Nuclear Engineering) University of Michigan, 1958Fusion reactor physics and engineering, plasma physics, physics of intensecharged particle beams, space applications of fusion energy

William KerrProfessor EmeritusPhD (Electrical Engineering) University of Michigan, 1954Reactor safety analysis, probabilistic risk analysis, radiation protection, reactorshielding, energy production

John S. KingProfessor EmeritusPhD (Physics) University of Michigan, 1953Neutron spectroscopy, neutron physics

Glenn F. Knoll, PEProfessor EmeritusPhD (Nuclear Engineering) University of Michigan, 1963Radiation measurements, neutron cross sections, nuclear measurements,radiation imaging

Dietrich H. VincentProfessor EmeritusDr. Rer. Natl. (Physics) Universität Göttingen, Germany, 1956Gases in metals, ion beam analysis, radiation effects on materials

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ADJUNCT FACULTY

Frederick W. BuckmanAdjunct ProfessorPhD (Nuclear Engineering) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1970CEO of Trans-ElectFormerly CEO of PacifiCorp and Consumers Energy Nuclear Plant Operations,Nuclear Plant Design and Nuclear Reactor Safety

Michael J. FlynnAdjunct ProfessorPhD (Nuclear Engineering) University of Michigan, 1975Senior Staff Scientist, Henry Ford Health SystemMedical imaging, image analysis, bioengineering, radiation detection

Mitchell M. GoodsittAdjunct ProfessorPhD (Medical Physics) University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1982Professor of Radiological Sciences, Radiology, University of MichiganProfessor of Environmental and Industrial Health, University of Michigan

Roger E. StollerAdjunct Associate ProfessorPhD (Chemical Engineering) University of California, 1987Oak Ridge National LaboratoryTheoretical modeling of fast reactor fuel performance, fuel pin thermalperformance, fission gas release

Randall K. Ten HakenAdjunct ProfessorPhD (Nuclear Physics) University of Wisconsin, 1978Professor, Radiation Oncology, University of MichiganAssoc. Professor, Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan

Ruth WeinerAdjunct ProfessorPhD (Chemistry) Johns Hopkins University, 1962Senior Environmental Scientist, Jason Technologies, Las Vegas, NVSandia Retirement Corps—consultant to Sandia National Laboratories

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VISITING FACULTY

Gyuseong ChoVisiting Associate ProfessorAssociate Professor, Korea Advanced Institute of Science andTechnology

Wolfgang TheobaldVisiting Assistant ProfessorFriedrich-Schiller-Universitat, Germany

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STAFF

Research StaffBogdan Alexandreanu, Research FellowChi Bum Bahn, Research FellowJian Chen, Research FellowMark Hash, Research InvestigatorKeitaro Hitomi, Research FellowKeld Jensen, Research FellowWenhui Jiang, Research FellowByoung-Jik Kim, Research FellowJie Lian, Research Fellow

Ling Jian Meng, Research FellowSetsuo Nakao, Research FellowBulent Sencer, Research FellowKai Sun, Research FellowSebastien Teysseyre, Research FellowSatoshi Utsunomiya, Research FellowScott J. Wilderman, Sr. Research FellowLiping You, Research FellowPing Zhang, Research Fellow

Technical Support StaffEdward A. Birdsall, Senior Computer Systems SpecialistMark Perreault, Senior Electronics Technician, Plasma Experimental BayVictor Rotberg, Senior Research Associate, Michigan Ion Beam LaboratoryOvidiu Toader, Engineer II, Michigan Ion Beam Laboratory

Administrative Support StaffCynthia Beaudry, Administrative AssociateAnn Bell, Research SecretaryAmy Bleiler, Student Services SecretaryCherilyn Davis, Academic SecretaryWendy Derby, Administrative AssociatePam Derry, Student AdvisorCindy Goldie, Academic SecretaryPeggy Jo Gramer, Student Services AssociatePat Moore, Research SecretaryShannon Thomas, AccountantElizabeth Vicory-Aduroja, Accountant

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Advisory Board

Forrest Brown Diagnostics Applications GroupLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, NM

James A. Fici Westinghouse Electric CompanyPittsburgh, PA

Martin Lampe Naval Research LaboratoryWashington, DC

Ellen M. Leonard Los Alamos National Laboratory (retired)Marble Falls, TX

Louis K. Mansur Metals and Ceramics DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge, TN

Edward L. Nickoloff Department of RadiologyColumbia UniversityNew York, NY

Thomas J. Palmisano Cooper Nuclear Plant(Chair) Brownville, NE

Peter Ventzek Motorola-PEL-MD-K10Austin, TX

Chris G. Whipple Environ CorporationEmeryville, CA

Paul L. Ziemer School of Health SciencesPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN