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Annexure-I

TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP AND COOPERATION BETWEEN

THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET

SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

(New Delhi, 9th August 1971)

(Full Text)

Desirous of expanding and consolidating the existing relations of sincere

friendship between them, Believing that the further development of friendship and

cooperation meets the basic national interests of both the states as well as the

interests of lasting peace in Asia and the world. Determined to promote the

consolidation of universal peace and security and to make steadfast efforts for the

relaxation of international tensions and the final elimination of the remnants of

colonialism, Upholding their firm faith in the principles of peaceful co-existence

and cooperation between states with different political and social systems,

Convinced that the world today’s international problems can only be solved by

cooperation and not by conflict. Reaffirming their determination to abide by the

purposes and principles of United Nations Charter, The Republic of India on the

one side, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the other side.

Have decided to conclude the present Treaty, for which purpose the

following Plenipotentiaries have been appointed:

On behalf of the Republic of India : Sradar Swaran Singh, Minister of

External Affairs

On behalf of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics : A. A.Gromyko,

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Who, having each presented their Credentials, which are found to be in

proper form and due order, Have agreed as follows:

ARTICLE I

The High Contracting Parties solemnly declare that enduring peace and

friendship shall prevail between the two countries and their peoples. Each Party

shall respect the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the other

Party and refrain : from interfering in the other's internal affairs. The High

Contracting Parties shall continue to develop and consolidate the relations of

sincere friendship, good neighbourliness and comprehensive cooperation existing

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between them on the basis of the aforesaid principles as well as those of equality

and mutual benefit.

ARTICLE II

Guided by the desire to contribute in every possible way to ensure

enduring peace and security of their people, the High Contracting Parties declare

their determination to continue their efforts to preserve and to strengthen peace in

Asia and throughout the world, to halt the arms race and to achieve general and

complete disarmament, including both nuclear and conventional, under effective

international control.

ARTICLE III

Guided by their loyalty to the lofty ideal of equality of all peoples and

nations, irrespective of race and creed, the High Contracting Parties condemn

colonialism and racialism in all forms and manifestations, and reaffirm their

determination to strive for their final and complete elimination.

The High Contracting Parties shall cooperate with other states to achieve these

aims and to support the just aspirations of the peoples in their struggle against

colonialism and racial domination.

ARTICLE IV

The Republic of India respects the peace-loving policy of the Union of

Soviet Socialist Republics aimed at strengthening friendship and cooperation with

all nations. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics respects India's Policy of

non-alignment and reaffirms that this policy constitutes an important factor in the

maintenance of universal peace and international security and in the lessening of

tensions in the world.

ARTICLE V

Deeply interested in ensuring universal peace and security, attaching great

importance to their mutual cooperation. in the international field for achieving

those aims, the High Contracting Parties will maintain regular contacts' with each

other on major international problems affecting the interests of both the states by

means of meetings and exchanges of views between their leading statesmen, visits

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by official delegations and special envoys of the two Governments, and through

diplomatic channels.

ARTICLE VI

Attaching great importance to economic, scientific and technological

cooperation between them, the High Contracting Parties will continue to

consolidate and expand mutually advantageous and comprehensive cooperation in

these fields as well as expand trade, transport and communication between them

on the basis of the principles of equality, mutual benefit and most-favoured-nation

treatment, subject to the existing agreements and the special arrangement with

contiguous countries as specified in the Indo-Soviet Trade Agreement of

December 26, 1970.

ARTICLE VII

The High Contracting Parties shall promote further development of ties

and contacts between them in the field of science, art, literature, education, public

health, press, radio, television, cinema, tourism and sports.

ARTICLE VIII

In accordance with the traditional friendship established between the two

countries, each of the High Contracting Parties solemnly declares that it shall not

enter into or participate in the military alliance directed against the other Party.

Each High Contracting Party undertakes to abstain from any aggression

against the other party and to prevent the use of its territory for the commission of

any act which might inflict military damage on the other High Contracting Party.

ARTICLE IX

Each High Contracting Party undertakes to abstain from providing any

assistance to any third party that engages in armed conflict with other Party. In the

event of either Party being subjected to an attack or a threat thereof, the High

Contracting Parties shall immediate enter into mutual consultations in order to

remove such threat and to take appropriate measures to ensure peace and the

security of their countries.

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ARTICLE X

Each High Contracting Party solemnly declares that shall not enter into

any obligation, secret or public, with one or more states, which is incompatible

with this Treaty. Each High Contracting Party further declares that no obligation

exists, not shall any obligation be entered into, between itself and any other state

or states, which cause military might damage to the other Party.

ARTICLE XI

This Treaty is concluded for the duration of twenty years and will be

automatically extended for each successive period of five years unless either High

Contracting Party declares its desire to terminate it by giving notice to other High

Contracting Party twelve months prior to the expiration of the Treaty. The Treaty

will be subject to ratification and will come into force on the date of exchange of

Instruments of Ratification which will take place in Moscow within one month of

the signing of this Treaty.

ARTICLE XII

Any divergence of interpretation of any Article or Articles of this Treaty

which may arise between the High Contracting Parties will be settled bilaterally

by peaceful means in a spirit of mutual respect and understanding.

The said Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty in Hindi,

Russian and English, all texts being equally authentic, and have affixed thereto

their seals.

Done in New Delhi on the ninth day of August in the year one thousand

nine hundred and seventy-one.

On behalf of the Republic of India On behalf of the Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics

(Sd.) Swaran Singh (Sd.) A.A. Gromyko

Minister of External Affairs Minister of Foreign Affairs

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Annexure-II

Declaration on Strategic Partnership between Republic of India

and the Russian Federation on Oct. 3, 2000

The Republic of India and the Russian Federation, hereinafter referred to as

the Sides,

PROCEEDING from a desire to further consolidate their traditionally

close and friendly ties to mutual benefit,

DRAWING upon their rich and fruitful tradition of cooperation in various

fields accumulated over half a century since their establishment of diplomatic

relations,

EMPHASIZING the fundamental and lasting importance of the Treaty of

Friendship and Cooperation between the Republic of India and the Russian

Federation of 28 January 1993 which was a continuation of the bilateral Treaty of

Peace, Friendship and Cooperation, of 9 August 1971, of the Declaration on the

Further Development and Intensification of Cooperation between the Republic of

India and the Russian Federation of 30 June 1994, and of the Moscow Declaration

on the Protection of the Interests of Pluralistic States of 30 June 1994,

CONVINCED that the further comprehensive development of their

bilateral ties would promote progress and prosperity in both states and the

consolidation of positive trends in the world as a whole.

SEEKING to impart a qualitatively new character and long term

perspective to their multifaceted bilateral relations and to actively develop them in

political, economic, trade, scientific, technological, cultural and other fields, in the

years ahead and into the 21st century,

PROCEEDING from the conviction that it is necessary to build a

multipolar global structure based on sovereign equality of all states and peoples,

democratic values and justice,

CONFIRMING their adherence to the common ideals of peace,

democracy, rule of law, human rights and fundamental freedoms, nonviolence and

secularism,

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RECOGNISING their special responsibility by virtue of being among the

largest multiethnic, multilingual and multireligious States.

INSPIRED by a desire to jointly contribute to the strengthening of

international peace and security, the democratisation of international relations, as

well as to the promotion of the establishment of a new, just and stable world

order,

REAFFIRMING their commitment to the purposes and principles of the

United Nations Charter, DECLARE as follows:

1. The Sides hereby proclaim the establishment of relations of strategic

partnership between them. Based on mutual understanding and long term

confidence in each other, this envisages the elevation of their multifaceted

ties to an even higher and qualitatively new level, while imparting them

with a specially close and dynamic character, both in the bilateral field and

in the international arena.

2. This strategic partnership between the Sides is based upon the principles

of sovereignty, equality and territorial integrity of States, non-interference

in their internal affairs, mutual respect and mutual benefit.

3. Such a strategic partnership would include enhanced cooperation in the

following fields:

(a) Political

Convening of annual Summit level meetings; regular bilateral political and

foreign office consultations on issues of mutual concern; closer cooperation at the

United Nations, including its specialized agencies and institutions, at other

international and regional fora; further intensifying their efforts aimed at

strengthening international peace and security, general and complete

disarmament, systematic and progressive efforts to reduce nuclear weapons

globally, with the ultimate goal of eliminating these weapons, nuclear non-

proliferation and the peaceful settlement of disputes; joint initiatives on key

international and regional issues; informing each other of planned foreign policy

initiatives in the international arena non-participation in any military-political or

other alliances or associations or armed conflict directed against the other Side, or

383

in any treaties, agreements or understandings infringing upon the independence,

sovereignty, territorial integrity or national security interests of the other Side.

(b) Trade and Economy

Strengthening close cooperation within the framework of the Indo--

Russian Inter-Governmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific,

Technological and Cultural Cooperation, as well as other joint bodies of business

and industry representatives, with a view to expand trade and economic relations.

deepening and diversifying cooperation in sectors such as metallurgy, fuel and

energy, information technology, communications and transport, including

merchant shipping and civil aviation; further development of cooperation in

banking and finance, and improving credit and insurance facilities so as to

promote bilateral trade; creating a favourable environment for mutual investments

and guaranteeing their protection; simplifying customs and other procedures and

promoting the removal of non-tariff barriers and gradual lowering of tariff

barriers; establishing effective mechanisms for interaction between Indian and

Russian entities with a view to achieve sustained expansion of bilateral trade in a

long term perspective; encouraging contacts between regions in both countries

with a view to promoting trade and economic cooperation; simplifying rules and

procedures for travel by entrepreneurs and businessmen of both countries; further

enhancing the quality and international competitiveness of their goods by, inter

alia, promoting the joint development and sharing of the latest technologies;

exploiting to mutual benefit the new opportunities arisina out of the enhancing

cooperation and coordination at international trade, economic and financial

bodies, jointly exploring the possibilities of regional trading arrangements with

third countries;

(c) Defence

consolidating defence and military-technical cooperation in a long-term

perspective; deepening service-to-service cooperation.

(d) Science and Technology

promoting existing and new forms of cooperation in fundamental and applied

scientific research, expanding the exchange of scientists and scientific

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information, establishing direct ties between scientific research/higher educational

institutions; cooperating in areas such as oceanology, agricultural sciences,

medical sciences and biotechnology, environmentally clean technologies,

meteorology, standard isation, metrology and certification of each other's

products. jointly exploring the possibilities of commercial application of the

results of scientific and technological research and development. Cooperating in

the peaceful use of nuclear energy and the peaceful use' of outer space.

(e) Culture

Further promoting cultural cooperation and a wider exposure to each

others' cultural heritage and achievements; activising contacts between peoples

and organisations including in the fields of culture, education, mass media, youth

and sports. Promoting tourist exchanges and cooperation between tourist

organisations in both countries.

(f) Other fields

Cooperating in the fight against international terrorism, separatism,

organised crime, and illegal trafficking in narcotics; cooperating in rendering

mutual legal assistance in civil and criminal matters and in matters relating to

extradition, as well as in other related areas;

4. The strategic partnership between the Sides is not directed against any

other State or group of States, and does not seek to create a military-

political alliance.

5. Signed on 3rd October 2000 at New Delhi in two originals, each in Hindi,

Russian and English languages

Prime Minister of the Republic of India President of the Russian Federation

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ANNEXURE-III

Joint Declaration between the Republic of India and the Russian Federation

During the visit of the President of the Russian Federation (December 5,

2008)

The Republic of India and the Russian Federation, hereinafter referred to

as the “Sides”,

Reaffirming their time-tested friendship, long-standing relations and

enduring bilateral ties, which have become stronger over time;

Guided by the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between the Republic

of India and the Russian Federation of 28 January 1993 and the Declaration on

Strategic Partnership between the Republic of India and the Russian Federation of

3 October 2000;

Reiterating their adherence to the ideals and principles enshrined in the

UN Charter;

Determined to contribute jointly to strengthening global peace, security

and stability and to building a just and democratic world order;

Hereby declare:

1. Annual Summit-level exchanges make a vital contribution to the

strengthening of the strategic partnership and have become a mutually-

valued tradition. The large number of agreements signed between the two

countries in diverse spheres since the year 2000 and the broadening of

cooperation achieved in key areas is reflective of the success of India-

Russia annual summits. Besides reviewing progress in bilateral relations,

these Summits have provided opportunity for outlining a long-term

perspective for India-Russia relations.

2. Both Sides express satisfaction at the progress in the implementation of

decisions taken during the India-Russia Summit in November 2007. Both

Sides underline the high priority attached to each other in their foreign

relations and reaffirm their commitment and keenness to deepen their

386

strategic partnership and enhance mutually beneficial cooperation in all

spheres.

3. Both Sides agree that inter-Parliamentary cooperation, cooperation

between various Government Departments/ Agencies, Foreign Offices and

the National Security Councils of India and the Russian Federation are an

integral feature of the strategic partnership between the two countries.

Both Sides reiterate their resolve to further encourage cooperation

between the legislative, executive and judiciary organs of the two

countries. They also agree to expand bilateral interaction and exchange of

visits to sustain the momentum of cooperation, understanding and

goodwill between India and the Russian Federation.

4. Both Sides underline the high priority attached by the two countries to

efforts towards increasing bilateral trade, investment and economic

cooperation and express satisfaction at the progress towards achieving the

target of bilateral trade volume of US $ 10 bn by 2010. They note the

significant role played by the Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental

Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific, Technological and Cultural

Cooperation in this regard. They also note the holding of the first meeting

of the Joint Task Force to monitor the implementation of

recommendations of the Joint Study Group to increase trade and consider

concluding a Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement between

the two countries.

5. Both Sides note the considerable expanse of complementarities between

the growing economies of India and the Russian Federation. The

increasing competitiveness of Indian and the Russian companies in the

world market and opening up of the two economies have enabled them to

launch themselves successfully in each other's markets. There has been a

substantial growth in the opening up of representative offices and branches

of Indian enterprises in the Russian Federation and of Russian enterprises

in India which is a healthy indicator of enhanced bilateral economic

cooperation. Both Sides agree to intensify ongoing efforts and take further

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measures to facilitate trade and commerce between the two countries

including simplification and streamlining of procedures, and removal of

technical barriers.

6. Both Sides appreciate the work of the Indo-Russian Forum for Trade and

Investment, and express hope that the Forum will further contribute

towards bridging the gap and facilitating exchanges between the business

communities of the two countries. Both Sides emphasize the important

role of the private sector in developing bilateral trade and investment

between India and the Russian Federation. Both Sides take special note of

the creation of the India-Russia CEOs Council and express hope that the

Council would not only provide valuable recommendations to further

enhance bilateral commerce but also come up with private initiatives in

terms of business tie-ups. Both Sides agree to encourage trade and

business chambers of the two countries as well as other business

organizations to enhance mutual arrangements and events for trade,

investment and business-to-business contacts.

7. Bearing in mind the growing weight of India and the Russian Federation

in the world economy and the negative impact of the current global

financial crisis, the two Sides emphasize the importance of comprehensive

reform of the international financial and economic architecture in order to

adapt it to the new realities in global economy and agree to cooperate in

various formats to promote a more just world economic order based on the

principles of multipolarity, rule of law, equality, mutual respect and

common responsibility.

8. India and the Russian Federation agree on the increasing importance of

energy security for them as two fast-growing economies and major

producer and consumer of energy and consequently the need to expand

their bilateral cooperation in this field. In this regard, both Sides agree to

promote, support and facilitate full utilization of considerable

opportunities for bilateral cooperation in the oil and gas sector in India,

Russia and other countries. They acknowledge regular contacts and

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ongoing discussions between Indian and Russian hydrocarbon companies

on specific upstream and downstream projects and encourage them to

conclude mutually-agreeable arrangements.

9. Both Sides underline the importance of nuclear energy as a clean and safe

source of energy to meet growing energy requirements and welcome the

recent decision taken by the Nuclear Suppliers Group on civil nuclear

cooperation with India. They note with satisfaction the ongoing

cooperation in the implementation of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power

Project. The two Sides agree to collaborate in setting-up of additional units

of the project on the basis of the Agreement between the Government of

the Republic of India and the Government of the Russian Federation on

cooperation in the construction of additional nuclear power plant units at

Kudankulam and new sites in India signed on 5 December 2008 and to

expand and pursue further areas for bilateral cooperation in the field of

peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

10. Referring to the respective strengths of India and the Russian Federation

in various spheres of peaceful uses of outer space, both Sides note ongoing

cooperation in the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System

GLONASS, joint lunar exploration, joint development and launch of a

Youth satellite for educational purposes and other projects. They agree to

direct their respective agencies to intensify ongoing cooperation and

identify new areas for further collaboration between them.

11. Both Sides agree that military-technical cooperation is a key area of

cooperation between India and the Russian Federation and note that the

Russian Federation continues to be a leading source of defence products to

India. They support bilateral efforts to diversify and strengthen

cooperation in this area and encourage initiatives by respective

organizations on both Sides to adapt to constantly evolving needs and

requirements of each other. They express satisfaction at the effective role

played by the Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission on military

technical cooperation and direct it to review constantly and take forward

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the progress on steps taken in the areas of joint research, development,

production and marketing, regular service-to-service interaction and joint

military exercises. They agree that the Long Term Programme of military

and technical cooperation has provided a sound collaborative framework

and it should be renewed for ten years after it is completed in 2010. Both

Sides note with satisfaction the 10th anniversary of the Indian-Russian

joint venture to produce state-of-the-art Brahmos hypersonic cruise

missiles and the launching of the implementation of the projects on joint

development and production of Multi-Role Transport Aircraft and Fifth-

Generation Fighter Aircraft and agree to further expedite these projects.

12. Both Sides express satisfaction with cooperation in the field of science and

technology under the framework of the Integrated Long Term Programme

(ILTP) and agree that it should be extended for another period of ten years

after its completion in 2010. Appreciative of various joint projects and

research in various fields of science and technology and setting up of a

number of joint Scientific Centres, both Sides agree to further broaden and

deepen the scope of cooperation in this area. The two Sides emphasize that

joint collaborative ventures should focus on emerging areas of technology

such as nano-technology and bio-technology and encourage direct

interaction between research institutions of India and the Russian

Federation. They also underline the importance of bringing relevant

technologies to their respective markets and in this context, they direct

their agencies to finalize early the joint working document for the setting

up of India-Russia Centre for Technology Transfer.

13. Both Sides agree that there is considerable potential for further

cooperation in the area of information and communication technologies.

They welcome efforts both in the government and in the private sector

towards increasing cooperation in this field. Noting practical opportunities

of development of cooperation in the prospective sphere of information

and communication technologies, the Sides note the existing and potential

problems in the field of information security globally and consider it

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feasible to collaborate more actively in its solution in the framework of the

United Nations and other international organizations and fora.

14. Both Sides underscore the importance of longstanding and traditionally

warm and friendly cultural bonds between the peoples of the two

countries. They agree to actively support and promote cultural exchanges,

greater contacts at various levels and closer understanding and

appreciation of each other's arts, languages, society and traditions. They

express satisfaction at the successful conduct of the 'Year of Russia' in

India in 2008 and agree to work together for smooth holding of 'Year of

India' in Russia in 2009.

15. Both Sides express satisfaction at the growing and more focused

interaction in the trilateral format among India, Russia and China which

provides basis for developing further cooperation among the three large

Asian States. It acquires importance in the framework of multilateral

dialogue mechanisms, substantially contributes to strengthening newly

emerging multipolarity and promotes collective leadership of world's

leading States. Both Sides note that fruitful interaction in the trilateral

framework is not confined to the Ministries of Foreign Affairs but

involves relevant Ministries in areas such as agriculture, health care,

disaster mitigation and relief as well as academic and business

communities.

16. Both Sides welcome growing interaction in the BRIC (Brazil, Russia,

India, China) format. They express satisfaction at the first stand-alone

meeting of Foreign Ministers of BRIC countries held in Yekaterinburg,

Russia in May 2008 and the Foreign Ministerial meeting in New York in

September 2008 on the sidelines of 63rd UNGA, the first meeting of

Finance Ministers of BRIC countries held in Sao Paolo, Brazil in

November 2008, as well as the coordinated steps by the four countries in

the context of the financial summit of the Group of 20 in Washington in

November 2008, and express their confidence that the next stand-alone

meeting of BRIC Foreign Ministers to be held in India and the first stand-

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alone BRIC summit to be held in the Russian Federation in 2009 will be

new important milestones in the making of this promising cooperation

mechanism of the four most dynamically developing large economies of

the world. Both Sides welcome the growing cooperation between the G-8

and major emerging economies and stress the necessity to develop this

cooperation further in order to establish an advanced mechanism of

collective leadership in world affairs.

17. The Sides will work towards the establishment of a multipolar world order

based on the principles of the rule of law, sovereign equality, territorial

integrity and non-interference in internal affairs of States. Activities aimed

at strengthening a central coordinating role of the United Nations in

maintaining peace and security, and at increasing the efficiency and

authority of the UN, form important elements of India-Russia cooperation

at the international level. India and Russia stress the need to implement the

process of UN reform, so as to reflect contemporary realities. In this

context, the Russian Federation reiterates once again that it regards India

as an influential and major member of the international community. The

Russian Federation reaffirms its support to India as a deserving and strong

candidate for the permanent membership in an expanded UN Security

Council.

18. India and the Russian Federation strongly condemn terrorism in all its

forms and manifestations and reiterate that there can be no justification for

any act of terror, wherever, for whatever reason and by whosoever

committed. They jointly affirm that bilateral cooperation in combating

terrorism is an important dimension of their strategic partnership. The two

Sides reiterate their commitment to strengthen international cooperation to

combat terrorism, including financing for terrorism, while acting in

conformity with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, relevant

UN Resolutions and International Conventions, and the Global Counter-

Terrorism Strategy adopted by the UN General Assembly. In this regard,

they urged the international community to urgently adopt the draft

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Comprehensive Convention against International Terrorism which is

before the UN General Assembly. They affirm the role of the UN as a

major inter-governmental organization to coordinate efforts to counter

international terrorism. Both Sides express concern that narco-business is

becoming more fused with terrorist and extremist activities, which makes

it urgent to intensify joint efforts to address global threat in the framework

of the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and

the Government of the Russian Federation on cooperation to combat illicit

trafficking in narcotics, psychotropic substances and their precursors

signed in Moscow on 12 November 2007.

19. The Russian Federation expresses solidarity and support to the

Government and people of India in connection with terrorist attacks in

Mumbai from 26-29 November 2008. Both Sides call upon all states to

cooperate actively with and provide support and assistance to the Indian

authorities in their efforts to find and bring the perpetrators, organizers,

sponsors, patrons or those in any way connected to these barbaric acts to

justice in India in accordance with the obligations under international law

and relevant UN Security Council resolutions on fighting terrorism.

20. Noting the recent conflict in South Ossetia, India and the Russian

Federation welcome the principles outlined by the Presidents of the

Russian Federation and France for addressing the situation in the Caucasus

region and hope that these steps would lead to lasting peace and stability

in the region. India supports the important role of the Russian Federation

in promoting peace & cooperation in the Caucasian region.

21. In the Asia-Pacific Region, the Sides favour security system based on

mutual trust, equally beneficial cooperation and respect for cultural

diversity of the regional countries. They declare their intention to enhance

their interaction within the framework of the international fora of the Asia-

Pacific Region, including the ASEAN Regional Forum on Security (ARF)

and the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD). Given their historically

friendly ties, the Indian side fully appreciates the desire of the Russian

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Federation to join the Asia-Europe meeting and East Asia summit

mechanisms.

22. India and the Russian Federation underline their strong support for peace,

stability, prosperity and development of countries in Central Asia.

Underlining the role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in the

region, the Russian Federation expresses its support for a more active role

for India as an Observer state in the Organization. The Indian side conveys

its appreciation for the Russian support and looks forward to a more

constructive participation in and contribution to the Organization.

23. India and the Russian Federation strongly support a democratic and

pluralistic Afghanistan. Both Sides welcome Afghanistan joining SAARC

as its eighth member in the 14th Summit held in Delhi in April 2007 and

believe that Afghanistan will immensely benefit from greater regional

cooperation and connectivity. Although much has been achieved in

Afghanistan in recent years, formidable challenges still lie ahead. India

and the Russian Federation express their concern over the deteriorating

security situation in Afghanistan due to a determined and coordinated

resurgence of the Taliban, Al Qaeda and other extremist groups, the

growth in cross-border terrorism, its links with international terrorism and

international drug trafficking, and the consequential danger these

developments pose to the gains made in the recent past. They strongly

condemn the terrorist attack on Indian Embassy in Kabul on 7th July 2008

as well as killing of civilians in terrorist acts and combat operations. Both

Sides call for a coherent and a united international commitment, both to

Afghanistan's development and security aspects, to deal with these threats.

Both sides welcome Russia’s initiative to organize an international

conference on Afghanistan in the framework of Shanghai Cooperation

Organization, involving its Member states and Observers.

24. India and the Russian Federation believe that all possible efforts should be

made to address the Iranian nuclear issue by peaceful means through

dialogue and negotiation. They emphasize that all Sides must show

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flexibility and restraint. They agree that Iran has the right to develop

research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes in

conformity with its Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and other international

obligations. The adoption of the UN Security Council Resolutions 1737,

1747, 1803 and 1835 underscore the need for Iran to restore the trust of

the international community in the exclusively peaceful nature of its

nuclear programme.

25. The Sides reaffirm their commitment to securing a comprehensive, lasting

and just settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict through a negotiated

solution on the generally recognized international legal base - the UN

Security Council Resolutions 242, 338, 1397 and 1515, leading to creation

of a sovereign, independent, viable and united state of Palestine living

within secure and recognized borders, side by side at peace with Israel.

While reiterating their support to the Quartet's initiatives and the Arab

Peace Plan, they express hope that the momentum created by the

Annapolis conference would not be lost. The Sides also call for an end to

the expansion of Israeli settlements in Occupied Palestinian Territories

and for an early and significant easing of restrictions on the free

movement of persons and goods within Palestine. Both Sides welcome the

encouraging developments in Lebanon and reaffirm their support for

National reconciliation including convening of the National Reconciliation

Talks on 16 September 2008. The Sides also welcome ongoing effort to

address the Syrian track of the peace process.

26. The two Sides agree to elevate their strategic partnership to a qualitatively

higher level and to promote and further their ties of friendship,

cooperation, mutual understanding, trust and confidence in each other. The

President of the Russian Federation invites the President of the Republic

of India and the Prime Minister of India to visit Russia at a mutually

convenient time in 2009. The Indian side expresses gratitude to the

Russian side for the invitations.

Signed in New Delhi on 5 December 2008. Sd/-Prime Minister of the Republic of India Sd/-President of the Russian Federation

(Manmohan Singh) (Dmitry Medvedev)

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Annexure - IV

Joint Declaration between the Republic of India and the Russian Federation

on deepening the Strategic Partnership to meet Global Challenges on Dec,

07, 2009

Following the official visit of the Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan

Singh, to Russia at the invitation of President of the Russian Federation, Mr.

Dmitry Medvedev, for the Annual Summit from December 6 to 8, 2009.

Emphasizing the importance of ensuring sustainable development, of expanding

and modernizing their economies and of improving the well-being of their

citizens;

hereby declare that:

1. The Strategic Partnership between India and the Russian Federation is the

culmination of the long and multifaceted bilateral relations that have

flourished between the two countries since the establishment of diplomatic

relations in April 1947 and is a key foreign policy priority for both the

Sides. This deepening partnership is not impacted in any way by the

engagement of the two countries with the rest of the world. It is a time-

tested and enduring friendship which is mutually beneficial and which has

emerged as a factor of peace and stability in the region and the world. The

Sides recognize that an effective response to the regional and global

challenges in the future demands that India and Russia intensify their

Strategic Partnership. As two large pluralistic democracies undergoing

rapid economic transformation, India and Russia share many interests and

viewpoints on global issues. They undertake to take steps to deepen

bilateral cooperation and raise their Strategic Partnership to the next level.

India and Russia value their Annual Summit as the principal vehicle to

advance their Strategic Partnership.

2. India and Russia share the view that radical changes taking place in the

international system, do not just pose new challenges and threats, but also

provide opportunities to build a new, democratic and fair multipolar world

order-based on collective approaches, supremacy of international law, and

adherence to the goals and principles enshrined in the UN Charter.

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3. India and Russia share the common commitment to reform the global

economic governance system based on the principles of equity and justice,

taking into account the need to ensure the full-fledged participation of

major economies and developing countries in reforming the world's

financial and economic system in line with the new economic realities.

India and Russia note that, in spite of a diverse range of international stake

holders and the interlinking effects of globalization, a modern state is the

main tool for reconciling public interest with securing the rights, freedoms

and interests of individual citizens, and continues to be the basic building

block of international relations.

4. The Sides emphasize that the emerging system of international relations

should be based on the principle of indivisible security, have a universal

character and should encompass all states and all major spheres of

international relations. The Sides note that maintaining international peace

involves equal security for all states without exception. The security of

some states should not be achieved at the expense of the security of others.

5. The Sides are convinced that only collective efforts by the international

community as a whole, can successfully meet challenges such as

overcoming the global financial crisis, ensuring energy and food security

and addressing an issue of global concern such as climate change.

6. India and Russia express their support for international efforts aimed at

global, complete and verifiable elimination of nuclear weapons. In this

regard, India welcomes the intention of Russia and the United States to

conclude a new Treaty on Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic

Offensive Arms. India and Russia stress that the proliferation of nuclear

weapons and its possible link to terrorism poses a threat to international

peace and security, undermines security of states, complicates progress

toward nuclear disarmament and may negatively affect prospects for wider

international cooperation in the sphere of peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

The Sides pledge to work together for global non-proliferation. The Sides

reaffirm their commitment to prevent the deployment of weapons in outer

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space and to maintain outer space exclusively for peaceful use and

cooperation for the sake of all mankind.

7. The Sides are convinced that the international community should enhance

efforts to combat terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. The United

Nations Global Counter-terrorism Strategy and the respective resolutions

of the UNGA and UNSC should be steadfastly implemented, in particular

UNSC resolutions 1267, 1373 and 1540. Both Sides call upon the

international community to comply with the provisions of international

counter-terrorism conventions and protocols including the principle,

'either prosecute or extradite', regarding the persons accused of

committing acts of terror. The Sides strongly call for an early adoption of

the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism. The Sides

intend to further develop Indian-Russian bilateral cooperation in

combating new challenges and threats, including such cooperation within

the framework of the India and Russia Working Group on Combating

International Terrorism. Russia expressed solidarity and support to the

Government and people of India in connection with terrorist attacks in

Mumbai on November 26-29, 2008 and both Sides underscore the need to

bring the perpetrators of the attack to justice. India supports Russia's

efforts to maintain peace and stability in the Caucasus. India expressed

sympathy for the victims of the attack of the "Nevsky Express" by

terrorists on November 27, 2009 in Russia, and supports the Government

of the Russian Federation in its determination to eliminate terrorism from

Russian soil.

8. The Sides welcome the result of the presidential elections in Afghanistan

and agree that the people of Afghanistan and the international community

face a clear and present danger from terrorist and extremist elements

which must be tackled resolutely before peace and stability can be restored

in the region. The Sides emphasize that the resurgence of the Al Qaeda

and Taliban in Afghanistan threatens the progress made over the last few

years. In this regard, they condemn the terrorist attack on the Indian

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Embassy in Kabul on October 8, 2009. They agree that the fight against

terrorism cannot be selective, and drawing false distinctions between

'good' and 'bad' Taliban, would be counter-productive. They highlight the

need for strict observance of the sanctions regime against persons and

entities listed by UNSC Committee 1267. The Sides reaffirm their long-

term commitment to a democratic, pluralistic and stable Afghanistan.

They are in favour of enhancing the role of the International Security

Assistance Forces in combating the illegal narcotics infrastructure in

Afghanistan. In this context, India appreciates the convening by the

Russian Federation of an International Conference on Afghanistan under

the aegis of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on March 27, 2009.

9. The Sides share the international community's concern with the continuing

acts of piracy and armed robbery off the coast of Somalia. The Sides assert

that measures to combat piracy should be implemented in compliance with

international law and that persons guilty of acts of piracy must be brought

to justice.

10. India and Russia emphasise the urgency of effective international action to

combat climate change and in this context, affirm their readiness to

continue to work constructively for the success of the UN Conference on

Climate Change in Copenhagen in accordance with the principles and

provisions of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

(UNFCCC) and the Bali Action Plan, bearing in mind the principle of

common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities of

states.

11. India and Russia agree to enhance bilateral cooperation in the energy

sector, including joint projects by Indian and Russian hydrocarbon

companies. While promoting bilateral energy cooperation efforts, the

Sides also support the modernization of the architecture of the global

energy market. The Sides agree to discuss and develop an appropriate

international legal system that would promote transactions in the energy

sector in a universal, equitable and non-discriminatory manner, taking into

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account the interests of suppliers, transit states and consumers of energy

resources.

12. India and Russia welcome the finalisation of the Agreement on

Cooperation in the Use of Atomic Energy for Peaceful Purposes and look

forward to developing and intensifying broad-based cooperation between

the two countries in the area of nuclear energy including such areas as

joint scientific research, implementation of nuclear power projects and

setting up of fuel supply arrangements. On these aspects and in regard to

the development and intensification of broad-based cooperation as

mentioned in the Framework Agreement, the Sides will conclude specific

instruments.

13. The Sides consider effective interaction on timely response to natural and

man-made disasters and mitigating their social and economic impact as an

important sphere of international cooperation.

14. India and Russia call for strengthening bilateral and international

cooperation in countering the threat of extremely dangerous infectious and

other contagious diseases.

15. The Sides underline the urgency for ensuring international information

security as one of the key elements of the whole international security

scenario.

16. The Sides agree to further strengthen their cooperation on issues related to

the reform of the UN and its Security Council. The reform of the UN

Security Council should be carried out in a manner that reflects

contemporary realities and makes it more representative and effective in

dealing with both present-day and emerging challenges. Russia considers

India a deserving and strong candidate for a permanent seat in an

expanded UN Security Council.

17. The Sides welcome the Pittsburgh Summit's landmark decision to

institutionalise the G-20 as the premier forum for international economic

cooperation and are convinced that this process should be implemented on

the principles of equality among all the participants, transparency and

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mutual consideration of interest. In the context of the international

financial and economic crisis, they commend the timely and strong policy

response for growth, until durable recovery is assured. They reiterate the

importance of the comprehensive package of regulatory measures to

prevent recurrence of the crisis. The Sides welcome the Pittsburgh

Summit's focus to address reforms of the international financial

institutions in order to improve their credibility, governance and

effectiveness, and look forward to implementing the G-20 decisions within

the agreed timelines. The Sides reaffirm their commitment to avoid

protectionism in all its forms. The Sides favour the streamlining of the G-

20 process, including defining rules of procedure, ensuring transparency in

work methods and equitable rotation of G-20 Summits. In a spirit of

friendship and cooperation, they look forward to working closely together,

as well as with others, in the G-20 framework. India and Russia also

favour closer cooperation and equal interaction between developed

countries and major developing countries in other international formats,

including the Heiligendamm - L'Aquila Process.

18. The Sides note the growing efficacy of close multilateral cooperation in

the Asia Pacific region as a means to enhance economic cooperation in the

region and to maintain regional peace and stability to confront global

challenges of security and development of the 21st century. In this

context, the Sides express interest in strengthening bilateral and

multilateral interaction in different related fields.

19. The Sides consider the interaction in BRIC and RIC formats to be an

effective tool to promote strengthening a more balanced and predictable

international system as well as a core element to shape a multipolar world

order and to ensure sustainable world development in the post crisis

setting.

20. Both Sides welcome the progress registered by the BRIC dialogue. They

note that the first stand alone BRIC Summit in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in

June this year has given it a direction for future growth and added new

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vistas of cooperation for the coming years. The Sides look forward to

early meetings of BRIC Energy and Agriculture Ministers and

implementation of other initiatives suggested by the leaders at the first

BRIC Summit. The Sides underlined the importance of BRIC Finance

Ministers' meetings in the context of G-20 meetings. Noting the Track-II

events organized by think-tanks, they express satisfaction that the BRIC

dialogue at Track-II level is also progressing well.

21. The Sides welcome the enhanced interaction in the trilateral format and

recall the successful holding of the Ninth Trilateral Meeting of Foreign

Ministers of India, Russia and China in Bengaluru in October 2009. The

Sides appreciate the exchange of views on regional and global issues that

was facilitated by this meeting and call for intensified exchanges of

information and ideas on the important issues of the day for the benefit of

the people of the three countries and for peace and stability in the region.

22. The Russian side appreciates the representation at the level of Prime

Minister from India in the Summit Meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation

Organisation (SCO) at Yekaterinburg, held on 16 June 2009, as it is

indicative of the importance India attaches to the SCO. The Indian side

welcomes the increased involvement of Observer states in the activities

and meetings of the SCO and seeks a more constructive engagement in the

Organization in economic, counter-terrorism and culture related activities.

The Russian side supports India’s full membership in the SCO. The Sides

recognize that the SCO represents a vast land mass rich in cultural

diversity, creativity and resources that has evolved to be an important

regional organization promoting peace and stability and fostering

economic development in the region.

23. Russia is confident that engagement of India in the Asia-Pacific Economic

Cooperation (APEC) will enhance capacity-building and effectiveness of

the APEC mechanism, and encourage enhanced trade and investment

cooperation in the region. Russia supports India's membership in the

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APEC and will work towards lifting the moratorium on expanding the

APEC's membership.

24. India believes that Russia's involvement in the Asia-Europe Meeting

(ASEM) will greatly help to improve interregional cooperation, mutual

understanding and confidence within Eurasia, and in this respect India

supports Russia joining that dialogue forum at the 8th Asia-Europe

Meeting to be held in Brussels in 2010.

25. The Sides express satisfaction at the intensity of the bilateral engagement

since their last Summit meeting, including the State Visit of the President

of India to the Russian Federation in September 2009. The Prime Minister

of India extends an invitation to the President of the Russian Federation to

visit India for the next Summit meeting in 2010. The President of the

Russian Federation accepts the invitation with pleasure. The leaders look

forward to an ever deepening partnership encompassing diverse strategic

and other areas of cooperation which would herald a new chapter in the

abiding ties of friendship and mutual confidence between India and the

Russian Federation.

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Annexure-V

China-Russia Joint Statement on 21st Century World Order

Chinese President Hu Jintao and Russian President Putin signed the Joint

Statement of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation

Regarding the International Order of the 21st Century in Moscow on 1 July. The

full text of the joint statement follows:

Joint Statement of the People's Republic of China and the Russian

Federation Regarding the International Order of the 21st Century

The PRC [People's republic of China] and the Russian Federation

(hereinafter referred to as the "two sides" for short), taking the opportunity of the

60th anniversary of the victory in World War II and the 60th anniversary of the

founding of the United Nations,

Acting on the basis of the historical responsibility for world peace and

development in their capacities as permanent members of the United Nations

Security Council,

Strictly abiding by the propositions on building a multipolar world and a

new international order as enunciated in the Joint Statement of the People's

Republic of China and the Russian Federation Regarding Global Multipolarity

and the Establishment of a New International Order of 23 April 1997,

Confirming the strategic cooperative partnership between the two sides as

reiterated in the Treaty of Good-Neighbourliness, Friendliness, and Cooperation

of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation of 16 July 2001,

Issue the following statement:

1. The world today is undergoing historic changes. The process of building a

new international order will be complicated and lengthy.

Peace and development remain the main theme of the times. The

phenomena of imbalance and conflict still exist in the course of development of

global multipolarity and economic globalization, which are an important trend in

the current stage of development of mankind. Relationships of interdependence

among countries have been greatly strengthened.

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The central task for mankind in the 21st century is to safeguard peace,

stability, and security for all of mankind and to achieve comprehensive and

coordinated development under the conditions of equality, safeguarding

sovereignty, mutual respect, mutual benefit, and ensuring the development

prospects of future generations.

Mankind has opportunities to jointly achieve the aforementioned

objectives and also is faced with numerous global challenges such as international

terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the disparity between

rich and poor, environmental degradation, infectious diseases, organized

transnational crimes, and drug trafficking.

2. The problems facing mankind can only be solved on the basis of

universally recognized principles and norms of international law and in a fair and

rational world order. Countries in the world should strictly observe the principles

of mutual respect for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-

aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality, mutual

benefit, and peaceful coexistence.

The right of countries to choose their development paths in light of their

own conditions, equally participate in international affairs, and seek development

on an equal footing should be fully guaranteed. Differences and disputes must be

settled peacefully without the adoption of unilateral action and coercive policy

and without resort to the threat of force or the use of force.

The peoples of all countries should be allowed to decide the affairs of their

own countries, and world affairs should be decided through dialogue and

consultation on a multilateral and collective basis. The international community

should thoroughly renounce the mentality of confrontation and alignment, should

not pursue the right to monopolize or dominate world affairs, and should not

divide countries into a leading camp and a subordinate camp.

3. The United Nations is the world's most universal, representative, and

authoritative international organization, and its role and functions are

irreplaceable. The United Nations should play a leading role in international

affairs and serve as the core for establishing and executing the basic norms of

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international law. UN peacekeeping operations should be in compliance with the

aims and principles of the United Nations Charter. Relevant resolutions of the

Security Council must be strictly observed, and cooperation between the United

Nations on the one hand and regional and sub-regional organizations on the other

should be carried out. The United Nations should play a greater role in the study

of global economic and development issues.

Reforms of the United Nations should be aimed at strengthening its

leading role in international affairs, improving its efficiency, and enhancing its

potential for dealing with new challenges and threats. Reforms should be based on

the principle of achieving consensus through consultation and should fully

embody the common interests of the vast numbers of member-countries.

4. The positive significance of the process of globalization lies in drawing on

unprecedented vibrant economic and trade relations and exceptionally broad

access to open information to promote global economic development. On the

other hand, the development of globalization is greatly uneven, and the gap

between developed countries and regions on the one hand and other countries and

regions in the world on the other is widening. To ensure the sound development

of the process of globalization, coordination and mutually beneficial cooperation

among countries and regions should be strengthened; all discrimination in

economic relations should be eliminated; the gap between rich and poor should be

narrowed; and common prosperity should be promoted through expanding and

deepening economic, trade, and scientific and technological exchanges.

The international community should establish an economic and trade regime that

is comprehensive and widely accepted and that operates through the means of

holding negotiations on an equal footing, discarding the practice of applying

pressure and sanctions to coerce unilateral economic concessions, and bringing

into play the roles of global and regional multilateral organizations and

mechanisms.

5. Developing countries, which account for the majority of the world's

population, are an important force in safeguarding world peace and development.

The international community should pay close attention to the issue of eliminating

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the gap in the development levels of developing countries and developed

countries. The way to resolve the issue is, first and foremost, to ensure that all

members of the international community can equally take advantage of the social,

economic, scientific and technological, informational, cultural, and other

opportunities stemming from globalization to strengthen mutually beneficial

North-South and South-South cooperation and to achieve common development.

The countries concerned should discharge the relevant duties that they shoulder in

the United Nations and within other multilateral frameworks.

6. Human rights are universal. Countries should respect the human rights and

basic freedoms enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, promote

efforts to guarantee and safeguard human rights in light of their own conditions

and traditions, and settle their differences through dialogue and cooperation on the

basis of equality and mutual respect. International human rights protections

should be based on the principles of firmly safeguarding the sovereign equality of

all countries and not interfering in each other's internal affairs.

7. The histories and traditions of multi-ethnic countries must be respected,

and so must their efforts to promote harmonious coexistence and common

development for various ethnic groups and to safeguard national unity. Any

actions that are aimed at dividing sovereign countries and inciting hatred among

ethnic groups are unacceptable. No social and political systems and models

should be imposed from the outside without regard for the objective process of

social development in sovereign countries.

8. The diversity of cultures and civilizations in the world should become the

basis for mutual enrichment rather than mutual conflict. The main trend of the

world today is not towards a "clash of civilizations"; rather, it underscores the

imperative of engaging in global cooperation. The diversity of civilizations in the

world and the diversification of development models should be respected and

safeguarded. Differences in the historical backgrounds, cultural traditions, social

and political systems, value concepts, and development paths of countries should

not become an excuse for interfering in the internal affairs of other countries.

Different civilizations should conduct dialogue, exchange experiences, draw on

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each other's experiences, learn from each other's strong points to make up for their

own shortcomings, and seek common progress on the basis of mutual respect and

tolerance. Cultural exchanges should be increased in order to establish relations of

friendship and trust among countries.

9. The two sides call on the international community to make joint efforts to

establish a new security framework on the basis of mutual trust, mutual benefit,

equality, and cooperation. The framework should have the universally recognized

norms of international relations as its political foundation and mutually beneficial

cooperation and common prosperity as its economic foundation, and should be

built on the basis of respecting the equal security rights of all countries. Dialogue,

consultation, and negotiation on an equal footing should become the means for

settling conflicts and safeguarding peace.

The two sides support the preservation and consolidation of global

strategic stability, as well as the legal system and the multilateral process of arms

control, disarmament, and nonproliferation. The two sides are in favour of

facilitating the entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty as

soon as possible and of promoting efforts to strengthen the universality and

effectiveness of such arms control and nonproliferation treaties as the Treaty on

the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Convention on the Prohibition of

Biological Weapons, and the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical

Weapons. The two sides call for the peaceful use of outer space and for the

prevention of the deployment of weapons and an arm race in outer space.

Relevant international legal documents should be drawn up for this purpose.

The two sides believe that in the face of new threats and challenges,

further effective measures should be taken to prevent the proliferation of weapons

of mass destruction, their delivery carriers, and relevant materials. The two sides

are determined to cooperate closely within the framework of relevant international

organizations and forums and to expand cooperation with other countries. The

issue of proliferation should be resolved through political, diplomatic, and

international cooperation within the framework of international law.

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The two sides will promote the implementation of the initiative to

establish a UN-led global system to deal with new threats and challenges on the

basis of the United Nations Charter and other relevant norms of international law.

International cooperation should be strengthened within the new security

framework in a joint effort to explore ways to cut off the sources of financing and

social foundations for terrorism and to eradicate terrorist and extremist ideas -

namely, the trends of thought of violence and ethnic, national, and religious

hatred. No double standards should be adopted on this issue. All members of the

international community should resolutely condemn the gross violations of human

rights by terrorists and terrorist organizations. Terrorist organizations must be

prevented from acquiring and using weapons of mass destruction and their

delivery vehicles.

10. Regional integration is an important characteristic of the development of

the current international situation. The two sides pointed out that multilateral

regional organizations established on the basis of regional openness, cooperation

on an equal footing, and non-targeting of other countries are playing a positive

role in the process of shaping a new international order. In the economic sphere,

regional initiatives should promote greater openness and effectiveness in trade

communities. In the sphere of regional security, the establishment of security

cooperation mechanisms that take into account the interests of all parties, are

open, and are not directed at other countries has fundamental significance. The

two sides support organizations of regional integration in their efforts to establish

lateral ties and to create an atmosphere of mutual trust and cooperation.

11. The new type of state-to-state relationship between China and Russia is

making a major contribution to building a new international order. The practice of

Sino-Russian relations attests to the vitality of the principles enunciated in this

statement. At the same time, it shows that good-neighbourly, friendly, and

cooperative relations can be effectively developed and various problems solved

on this basis.

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The two countries are determined to make unremitting joint efforts with

other countries concerned to build a world that is developed and harmonious and

to become important constructive forces in a secure global system.

12. Building a rational and fair international order in the 21st century is a

process of constantly seeking positions and decisions that are acceptable to all. A

new international order can become truly universal only if all members of the

international community endorse its aims and norms.

The two sides call on countries in the world to engage in extensive

dialogue on the issue of the international order of the 21st century. To a great

extent, the future of the world, the progress of mankind, and the ability to deal

with challenges and threats depend on the outcome of this dialogue.

[Signed by]

Hu Jintao Vladimir Putin

President of the People's Republic of China President of the Russian Federation

Dated 1 July 2005, in Moscow